CN101522385B - 改进的塑料预成型件 - Google Patents

改进的塑料预成型件 Download PDF

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CN101522385B
CN101522385B CN200780036825.7A CN200780036825A CN101522385B CN 101522385 B CN101522385 B CN 101522385B CN 200780036825 A CN200780036825 A CN 200780036825A CN 101522385 B CN101522385 B CN 101522385B
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bottle
injection
shape
molded
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CN101522385A (zh
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G·帕格利亚奇
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Concordia Dev S R L
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种通过吹塑成型方法用于制造中空体的塑料材质的注射模制预成型件(1)，包括具有开放端(2)和封闭端(4)的基本上圆柱形的中心本体(3)，对应于所述封闭端(4)的中心区域提供一中空的附件(5)，其向预成型件(1)外突出，能够在内部容纳所述预成型件(1)拉伸杆的顶端部。中空的附件(5)和预成型件的封闭端(4)的保留侧部均可以是球形、圆锥形、椭圆形或抛物面形状。

Description

改进的塑料预成型件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改进的预成型件，该预成型件通过吹塑成型方法用于制造中空体、特别是任何种类和尺寸的瓶子。
背景技术
如本领域技术人员所熟知的，目前制造塑料材质的瓶或罐几乎全是通过2步法进行，该2步法包括制造和使用具有基本上圆柱形状的中空的、半成型的产品，准确的说是预成型件或雏形。该方法的第一步中空预成型件的制造是如此完成的，即以高度集中的方式，通过少数专业制造商完成，相对于最终成型的瓶子，所述预成型件具有较大的厚度和大约1∶2到1∶4的长径比。在该方法的第二步中，中空预成型件引入模具中，加热到完成所需软化的足够温度，通过将拉伸杆引入预成型件中拉伸到瓶子的最终长度，因此在加热和拉伸的预成型件中通过引入一种或多种压缩空气流进行吹塑，其中上述第二步通常不与液体罐装的包装在同一工厂中进行。
该制造系统允许显著的和多种的优点存在于整个制造链中，其对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的，因此不必在此重述，如前所述，其优点导致几乎在全球范围内普遍采用该制造系统以便获得中空体，特别是任何类型、形状和尺寸的瓶子。
特别是，发现上述方法尤其适合应用于透明塑料材料，例如PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)，其在吹塑过程中，经历这种结晶结构的取向以给予该瓶体特殊的安全机械性能，即使该材料具有特别小的最终厚度值。
精确地说，对于这种瓶子不断的寻找最优的制造方法，其目的在于减少塑料材料量，最终瓶体积不变，从而减少瓶子的最终成本。到目前这种寻找主要目的一方面在于成品瓶的形状改变(以便产生更好的形状稳定性)，另一方面在于调整不同的模制参数(预成型件的拉伸比率、加热温度、吹塑空气压力等)。
多年来基本上不变的仍然是预成型件的形状，该形状如前所述由一个中空圆柱体形成，具有恒定或可变的厚度，其开放端已经是瓶颈区域的最终形状，因此也提供与螺旋帽连接的必要的螺纹，并且绝大多数情况下其封闭端为半球形。
为了减少保留在成品瓶底部的中央区域中因此没有直接使用的塑料材料的量，已经建议并且部分使用具有非球形头的预成型件，特别是具有圆锥形、椭圆形或抛物面形状的头部。然而，在预成型件成型的过程中该类型的预成型件实际上具有一些优点的同时，由于增加了熔融塑料材料流动路径的流线，也使成型时间适当的减少(其实际上是注射到相应的预成型件封闭端的顶点)，并且由于成品瓶的材料分布并没有最终表现的与具有半球形头部的预成型件获得的瓶子有明显的不同，因而在减少预成型件重量方面得不到合适的结果。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的预成型件，其获得的瓶子的尺寸和机械特征相同，但相比目前使用的已知类型的预成型件具有显著减少的重量。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种改进的预成型件，通过这种改进的预成型件，有可能将瓶子重量的减少集中在相应的瓶底的中央区域。
根据本发明，一种通过吹塑成型方法用于制造中空体的塑料材料的注射模制预成型件，其中所述预成型件包括基本上圆柱形的中心本体，所述基本上圆柱形的中心本体具有开放端和封闭端，其特征在于，所述封闭端具有在其中心区域向所述预成型件的外部突出的中空的附件，与中心的所述附件相邻的所述封闭端具有球形、圆锥形、椭圆形或抛物面形状。
根据本发明，所述中空体是瓶子或罐，并且所述开放端形成成品瓶或罐的颈部和帽的基座。
根据本发明，所述附件相对于预成型件所述封闭端的相邻的部分径向延伸。
根据本发明，中心的所述附件具有一内部形状，所述内部形状至少足够容纳所述预成型件的拉伸杆的自由端。
附图说明
附图示出了根据本发明的改进的圆柱形预成型件的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的进一步的结构和优点将在随后的优选实施例的说明和附图中变得更加明显，其中附图示出了根据本发明的改进的圆柱形预成型件的示意性侧视图。
如在附图中清楚看出的，根据本发明的预成型件1由于开放端2的形状、具有用于容纳和抵接瓶子的螺旋帽和肋部的公知方式、以及预成型件的本体3的细长圆柱形形状，从而具有完全的常规结构。
事实上，本发明的预成型件的革新之处完全依赖于封闭端的形状或预成型件的头部4，其对应中心区域形成轴向附件5，该附件适于与头部4的保留侧部径向延伸。所述头部4的保留侧部可以具有任何一种如上所述的公知形状并且优选具有半球形。
由于在模制步骤的开始时仅仅需要这种附件的内径足够大以便能够容纳位于其中的预成型件的拉伸杆的顶端部(没有示出)，因而附件5的形状和其尺寸没有特别的限制。在该实施例中，示出的附件5也具有半径为R的半球形形状，并且优选地，通过具有相同半径R的向外弯曲的凹表面，附件5与封闭端4的侧部径向延伸。
附件5的半径R和其整个高度h，相对于理论上完全半球形头部的顶端部的切向平面(在图中以虚线表示)，确定了本发明的预成型件的结构。R的最小值，R＝R最小，如上所述对应于附件5的内径，以便适于允许预成型件拉伸杆的紧配合引入；R的最大值，R＝R最大对应于D/2，其中D是预成型件的圆柱形中心区域3的直径。预成型件的总高度H是相等的，在R＝R最小时预成型件的重量减少的效果是最大的，但是当R＝R最大时效果是最小的、或更加正好的是零，即当本发明的预成型件的头部形状与常规模具的形状相匹配时，预成型件重量减少的效果是最小的，或更精确的说为零。
类似地观测附件5的高度h，因为显然-再次预成型件总体高度H相同，从值hmin＝0开始，高度h越高预成型件的重量减少最多，其中本发明的预成型件具有完全半球形头部的头部4的形状以便匹配常规的模具。
在上述可变的范围内，附属物5的尺寸和形状根据所需要的结果可以随意改变，例如为了将预成型件的重量损失集中相应于由同样的形成的瓶底的中心区域，或者为了其它的有时可变为有用的目的或便于不同的、个体使用。
由于本发明的预成型件具有上述描述的具体形状，因此获得比公知类型的具有相同厚度和高度的预成型件具有少的重量的预成型件的特别效果，这是因为本发明的预成型件的全部表面比相应的、常规的具有完全半球形头部和同等高度的预成型件明显具有较小的延伸的事实。因此可达到预成型件的的3-5％重量的减少，并且此外达到此种显著的结果无需丝毫改变预成型件的其它特征，特别是同样的轴拉伸率。拉伸杆可能要改变其终端以便适应附件5的内部形状，能够插入附件5中并且决定了本发明的预成型件的拉长，其相似于在具有相同全部高度H的半球形头部常规预成型件中发生的情况。此外拉伸动作是更加的平滑和均一的，因为基于附件5已经表现出一定的斜度以便用于变形的预成型件的形状的事实。
因此，本发明的预成型件取代了常规的预成型件而无需执行吹塑方法的新标准，从而以简单和直接的方式使得预成型件的重量显著的减少，并因此使得成品瓶的重量减少，从而达到本发明的第一个目的。通过合适的调整附件5的尺寸参数，另外可能将重量减少集中在相应的瓶底的中心区域，其中该瓶子是通过吹塑所述的预成型件获得的，因此也达到本发明的第二个目的。这个目的是特别重要的，因为其可改善瓶子的对撞击的机械抵抗力，消除、或显著的减少脆弱区域，在常规瓶子中该脆弱区域由瓶底的环带组成，其中在小厚度的外围区域和大厚度的中心区域之间是过渡区域。
本发明对同样的优选实施例进行了说明，但是应当清楚的是使用本发明原理的其它实施方式可不同于所述的实施例。因此本发明不被所述的实施例的特征所限制，其仅在附随的权利要求中进行界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种塑料材料的注射模制预成型件(1)，所述预成型件用于通过吹塑成型方法制造中空体，其中所述预成型件(1)包括基本上圆柱形的中心本体(3)，所述基本上圆柱形的中心本体(3)具有开放端(2)和封闭端(4)，其特征在于，所述封闭端(4)具有在其中心区域向所述预成型件(1)的外部突出的中空附件(5)，所述预成型件的总体高度与不具有所述中空附件的常规预成型件的总体高度相同，与中心的所述中空附件(5)相邻的所述封闭端(4)具有球形、圆锥形、椭圆形或抛物面形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射模制预成型件，其中，所述中空体是瓶子或罐，并且所述开放端(2)形成成品瓶或罐的颈部和帽的基座。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的注射模制预成型件，其中，所述中空附件(5)相对于预成型件(1)的所述封闭端(4)的相邻的部分径向延伸。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的注射模制预成型件，其中，中心的所述中空附件(5)具有一内部形状，所述内部形状至少足够容纳所述预成型件的拉伸杆的自由端。
5.根据权利要求3所述的注射模制预成型件，其中，中心的所述中空附件(5)具有一内部形状，所述内部形状至少足够容纳所述预成型件的拉伸杆的自由端。
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