CN101501051A - 作为神经磷脂酶抑制剂的酰胺化合物 - Google Patents
作为神经磷脂酶抑制剂的酰胺化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101501051A CN101501051A CNA2007800301238A CN200780030123A CN101501051A CN 101501051 A CN101501051 A CN 101501051A CN A2007800301238 A CNA2007800301238 A CN A2007800301238A CN 200780030123 A CN200780030123 A CN 200780030123A CN 101501051 A CN101501051 A CN 101501051A
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)化合物,其中A为氢或(C1-4)烷基,R1为基团Y-R2,Y不存在或者为(C1-4)亚烷基,该亚烷基任选被卤素例如F取代,例如被一或多次取代,R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH),或为式(a)或(b)或(c)基团,X为式(d)基团,环A为(C5-12)亚环烷基、(C5-12)亚环烯基或亚苯基,且环B为未取代的或取代的(C5-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基或(C6-12)芳基,本发明还涉及这些化合物作为药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及酸性神经磷脂酶(aSMase)的调节剂。
神经磷脂酶为能够将神经磷脂水解为神经酰胺和磷酸胆碱的磷酸二酯酶。在程序化的细胞死亡(凋亡)、细胞分化和增殖中神经酰胺为脂类第二信使,神经磷脂酶为细胞中神经酰胺的主要来源。哺乳动物细胞中的各种神经磷脂酶已有报道。其中,酸性神经磷脂酶(aSMase,EC3.1.4.12)最值得关注,参见例如Goni FM等,FEBS Lett.531:38-46(2002);Gulbins E等,Subcell Biochem.36:229-44(2002);Marchesini N等,Biochem Cell Biol.82:27-44(2004);Stoffel W,Chem Phys Lipids.102:107-21(1999)。该酶的名称基于下列事实:pH~5时其活性最佳,符合其在溶酶体中的定位。该酶的活性缺乏会导致A型和B型尼-皮病,一种常染色体隐性脂类蓄积疾病,伴有溶酶体中神经磷脂的积聚。成熟溶酶体的aSMase为分子量为70kDa的糖蛋白。已经以分泌的形式和细胞内溶酶体形式描述过aSMase,这两种形式均源自相同的基因,特征差别在于其糖基化的不同以及N末端的不同,参见例如Schissel,S.L.,等,J.Biol.Chem.273,18250-18259,(1998)。在哺乳动物膜中,胆固醇和鞘类磷脂在微域(称为卵筏(rafts))中是关联的,与大量的甘油磷脂相分离。当细胞受到刺激时,休眠细胞中的这些膜筏转化为较大的膜域(称为平台),它们介导了受体分子的聚集/群集;该受体群集是识别细胞内信号分子以将信号传递到细胞的先决条件。筏中神经酰胺的产生极大地改变了这些膜域的生物物理学性能,这是因为神经酰胺分子具有自发地与较小的神经酰胺富集的膜微域自我联合的趋势。这些微域自发地与较大的神经酰胺富集的平台融合。细胞膜中神经酰胺的产生被认为是通过多种受体触发的,例如CD95、CD28、TNF、CD40、FcγRII、LFA-1、TRAIL、血小板活化受体(PAF)和IL-1受体;细菌(例如绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、淋球菌(N.gonorrhoeae))、病毒(例如辛德毕斯病毒(Sindbis virus)和鼻病毒(Rhinovirus))和寄生虫(例如隐孢子虫(Crytosporidium parvum))感染同样也会触发;或者采用γ-射线、UV线或药物(例如顺铂和白藜芦醇)治疗也会触发。活化的aSMase能够催化这些刺激所诱发的神经酰胺的释放,参见例如Gulbins E等,Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2006290:R11-26。通过受体分子进行的aSMase的激活与酶自细胞内储库(例如溶酶体)向细胞膜的细胞外小叶的易位有关。
根据aSMase在活化诱导的神经酰胺形成中作为受体刺激的先决条件的基本角色,aSMase抑制剂在病症和疾病的治疗中起作用,其中神经酰胺的形成和随后受体的触发在所述疾病中起到了病理生理学的作用。此类疾病包括自身免疫性疾病,例如多重硬化症和关节炎;脓毒性休克;肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD);囊性纤维化;异常细胞凋亡在其中起作用的疾病,例如神经变性(特别是中风和阿尔茨海默病)和心肌梗塞;肿瘤生长,特别是黑素瘤生长。另外,根据研究结果,提出aSMase抑制剂可用于治疗和预防由感染性病原体(例如病毒、细菌和寄生虫)导致的疾病。
特别的是,aSMase在脓毒性休克中的作用已有报道。有趣的是,能够诱导aSMase蛋白裂解并被命名为NB6的化合物已经被证明能够防止小鼠的致命的LPS-休克,参见例如Claus RA等,.FASEB J.19:1719-21(2005)。
另外,aSMase在动脉硬化症中的作用已经被证明,参见例如TabasI.,Chem Phys Lipids.1999102(1-2):123-30。这基于以下研究观察:与低密度脂蛋白(LDL)有关的神经磷脂的裂解触发了LDL的内皮下聚集,该聚集是泡沫细胞形成的重要步骤,在动脉硬化症中起到了关键的病理生理学作用。因此,aSMase抑制剂可以用于预防和治疗动脉硬化症。
已有证据显示,aSMase在精神抑郁患者中有所提高,参见例如Kornhuber J等,J Neural Transm.112:1583-90(2005)。三环类抗抑郁药(特别是丙咪嗪)为精神抑郁治疗中所使用的药物。该类化合物也可以诱导aSMase的蛋白降解,导致细胞aSMase活性的全面抑制。所以,aSMase抑制剂可以用于治疗抑郁疾病,例如重度忧郁症。
现在,已经发现了能够抑制aSMase作用的令人惊奇的化合物。
第一方面,本发明提供了下式化合物:
其中:
A为氢或(C1-4)烷基,
R1为基团Y-R2,
Y不存在或者为(C1-4)亚烷基,该亚烷基任选被卤素例如F取代,例如被一或多次取代,
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH),或为下式基团:
X为下式基团:
环A为(C5-12)亚环烷基、(C5-12)亚环烯基或亚苯基,
环B为未取代的或取代的(C5-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基或(C6-12)芳基,
例如未取代的,或者,被R5例如一或多次取代,其中:
R5为卤素、卤代(C1-4)烷基、卤代(C1-4)烷氧基、羧基、硝基、氨基、含磷基团、含硫基团、除CO基团外含有1-12个碳原子的酰基或酰氧基,或者
R5为基团-ZR6,其中
Z不存在,或者为NH、O或S,并且
如果Z存在,则R6为氢,或者
无论Z存在或者不存在,R6均为例如:
(C3-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基、(C6-12)芳基或杂环基,包括芳族和脂族杂环基,它们含有3-12个(例如5或6个)环成员以及1-4个选自N、O或S的杂原子,或者
(C1-22)烷基,例如(C1-12)烷基;(C2-22)链烯基,例如(C2-12)链烯基;或(C2-22)炔基,例如(C2-12)炔基,所述烷基、链烯基或炔基为未取代的或者被(C6-12)芳基(例如苯基)取代,或者
式I化合物的前药,它是其中R2为磷酸酯或磷酰胺(酰胺化物)基团的式I化合物,例如盐的形式,其中磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)基团为可以水解的基团,例如在体内可以水解,或者,
式I化合物的前药,它是其中酰胺基团的氮被能够水解(例如在体内水解)的基团取代的式I化合物,例如此类可水解基团在体内易于被裂解。
另一方面,本发明提供了其中A为氢并且其它基团如上下文所定义的式I化合物。
另一方面,本发明提供了其中A为(C1-4)烷基(例如甲基或乙基)并且其它基团如上下文所定义的式I化合物。
在式I化合物中,优选
R1为基团Y-R2,Y不存在;或者
R1为基团Y-R2,Y为(C1-4)亚烷基,例如亚甲基;或者
R1为基团Y-R2,Y为被卤素例如F取代例如一或多次的亚烷基,例如二氟亚甲基、四氟亚乙基。
在式I化合物中,优选:
R1位于与其连接的苯基环的邻位,或者
R1位于与其连接的苯基环的间位,或者
R1位于与其连接的苯基环的对位。
在式I化合物中,优选:
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH);或者
R2为下式基团:
例如下式基团:
在式I化合物中,优选:
环A为未取代的亚苯基,或者
环A为未取代的(C5-12)亚环烷基或(C5-12)亚环烯基,例如亚金刚烷基(adamantylene)。
在式I化合物中,优选:
环B为(C6-12)芳基,例如苯基,该芳基为未取代的或被R5取代,其中R5如上文所定义,或者
环B为未取代的(C5-12)环烷基或(C5-12)环烯基,或为被R5取代的(C5-12)环烷基或(C5-12)环烯基,其中R5如上文所定义。
在式I化合物中,优选:
如果环B为取代的苯基,则该苯基在4位被取代。
在式I化合物中,优选:
如果存在的话,则R5为基团-ZR6,其中:
Z不存在,或者为NH、O或S,优选Z不存在,或者为O,并且
如果Z存在的话,则R6为氢,或者
无论Z存在与否,R6均为烷基、链烯基或炔基,其中烷基含有1-22(例如1-12)个碳原子,链烯基或炔基含有2-22(例如2-12)个碳原子,优选烷基,
其中烷基、链烯基或炔基为未取代的,或者被(C6-12)芳基(例如苯基)取代。
在式I化合物中,更优选:
R5为羟基、烷基或烷氧基,其中“烷基”含有1-22(例如1-12)个碳原子,所述烷基或烷氧基任选被苯基取代。
如果式I化合物中的A为(C1-4)烷基(例如甲基或乙基),则环B优选为被R5取代的苯基,R5为基团-ZR6,其中Z为NH、O或S,R6为(C1-22)烷基(例如(C1-12)烷基)、(C2-22)链烯基(例如(C2-12)链烯基)或(C2-22)炔基(例如(C2-12)炔基),所述烷基、链烯基或炔基为未取代的或被(C6-12)芳基(例如苯基)取代;更优选环B为被R5取代的苯基,R5为基团-ZR6,其中Z为NH、O或S,优选O,R6为(C1-22)烷基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式I化合物,其中:
A为氢、甲基或乙基,
R1为基团Y-R2,
Y不存在,或者为-CH2-、-CF2-或-CF2-CF2-,
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH);或者
R2为下式基团:
X为下式基团:
环A为未取代的亚苯基或亚金刚烷基,并且
环B为苯基,该苯基为未取代的或者被下列基团取代:己基、羟基、甲氧基、丁氧基(例如正-丁氧基)、庚氧基、辛氧基、癸氧基或苄氧基。
另一方面,本发明提供了式I化合物的前药。
式I化合物的前药优选为:
其中R2为磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)的式I化合物,例如盐形式,其中所述磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)基团为能够水解的基团,例如在体内可以水解的基团,其它基团如上下文所定义,或者
其中A不为(C1-4)烷基的式I化合物,例如酰胺基团的氮被可以水解的基团所取代,例如在体内可以水解,例如下式化合物:
其中X1为下式基团:
其中环A和环B如上文所定义,或者
其中R2为磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)的式I化合物,例如盐形式,其中所述磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)基团为能够水解的基团,例如在体内可以水解的基团,其它基团如上下文所定义,其中A不为(C1-4)烷基,例如酰胺基团的氮被可以水解的基团所取代,例如在体内可以水解,例如下式化合物:
其中X1为下式基团:
其中环A和环B如上文所定义。
在一个优选的实施方案中,式I化合物的前药优选为其中R1为基团-Y-R2’的式I化合物,其中:
R’2为-P(O)(OR3)(OR4)、-P(O)(NHR3)(NHR4)或-P(O)(NHR3)(OR4),更优选-P(O)(OR3)(OR4),其中R3和R4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,并且R3和R4中至少一个为(C1-4)烷基,或者
R’2为-P(O)(OR’3)(OR’4)、-P(O)(NHR’3)(NHR’4)或-P(O)(NHR’3)(OR’4),更优选-P(O)(OR’3)(OR’4),其中R’3和R’4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,其中烷基被(C1-6)烷基羰氧基(例如叔-丁基羰氧基)取代,并且R’3和R’4中至少一个不为氢;或者
R’2为-P(O-)(O)(O-CH2-CH2-N+(C(CH3)3);
在另一个优选的实施方案中,式I化合物的前药优选为:
其中A不为(C1-4)烷基的式I化合物,例如酰胺基团的氮被可以水解的基团所取代,例如在体内可以水解,例如下式化合物:
其中X1为下式基团:
其中环A和环B如上文所定义。
另一方面,本发明提供了式I化合物的前药,它是下式化合物:
其中R1为基团Y-R2或-Y-R2’,
Y不存在,或者为-CH2-、-CF2-或-CF2-CF2-,
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH);或者
R2为下式基团:
R’2为-P(O)(OR3)(OR4),其中R3和R4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,其中R3和R4中至少一个为(C1-4)烷基,或者
R’2为-P(O)(OR’3)(OR’4),其中R’3和R’4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,其中烷基被(C1-6)烷基羰氧基取代,其中R’3和R’4中至少一个不为氢;或者
R’2为-P(O-)(O)(O-CH2-CH2-N+(C(CH3)3)。
X为下式基团:
环A为未取代的亚苯基或亚金刚烷基,并且
环B为苯基,该苯基为未取代的或被下列基团取代:己基、癸基、羟基、甲氧基、丁氧基(例如正-丁氧基)、庚氧基、辛氧基、癸氧基或苄氧基,并且
X1为氢或下式基团:
其中环A和环B如上文所定义,
前提是:
X1不为氢,或R1为-Y-R2’,或者
X1不为氢并且R1为-Y-R2’,
前提是如果R2为下式基团:
则R1为-Y-R2’。
在式I化合物中,每一个定义的取代基的单一组或每一个定义的单一取代基分别可以为优选的取代基的优选组或取代基,分别例如彼此独立的定义的取代基的组或取代基。
另一方面,本发明提供了选自下列化合物的式I化合物:
1.4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1λ*6*-[1,2,5]噻二唑烷-2-基)-苯基]-酰胺,
2.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
3.{2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
4.{2-[(3-苯基-金刚烷-1-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
5.{2-[(4′-甲氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
6.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
7.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
8.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
9.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
10.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
11.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
12.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
13.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
14.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
15.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
16.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸单乙酯,
17.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
18.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
19.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
20.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
21.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
22.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
23.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
24.[3-(4-庚基氧基-苯甲酰基氨基)-苯基]-膦酸,
25.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
26.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
27.3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
28.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸单乙酯,
29.{2-[(4′-癸基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯,
30.{2-[(4′-癸基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
31.{2-[(4′-苄基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
32.{2-[(4′-羟基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
33.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
34.{2-[(联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
35.{2-[(4′-丁氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
36.[2-({2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-羟基-膦酰基氧基)-乙基]-三甲基-铵,
37.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
38.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
39.2,2-二甲基-丙酸羟基-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酰基氧基甲酯,
40.2,2-二甲基-丙酸(2,2-二甲基-丙酰氧基甲氧基)-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酰基氧基甲酯,
41.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
42.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
43.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
44.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
45.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
46.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸
47.(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
48.(2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
48a.(2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
49.(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
50.(2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
51.(2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
52.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
53.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯,
54.({2-[乙基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-二氟-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
55.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
56.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
57.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
58.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
59.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
60.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
61.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
62.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
63.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,和
64.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸;
例如,如下面实施例部分中表1和表2中实施例1-62中所示的式I’化合物或式I化合物。
本发明提供的化合物在下文中称为“本发明化合物”。本发明化合物包括任何形式的化合物,例如游离形式、盐形式、溶剂化物形式以及盐和溶剂化物形式。
另一方面,本发明提供了盐形式的本发明化合物。
此类盐包括优选的药学上可接受的盐,但是也包括药学上不可接受的盐,例如用于制备/分离/纯化的目的。
本发明化合物的游离形式可以转化为相应的化合物的盐形式;反之亦然。本发明化合物的游离形式或盐形式以及溶剂化物形式可以转化为相应的化合物的游离形式或非溶剂化物的盐形式;反之亦然。
本发明化合物可以以异构体及其混合物的形式存在;例如光学异构体,非对映异构体,顺式/反式构象异构体。本发明化合物可以例如含有不对称碳原子或磷原子,因此可以以对映异构体或非对映异构体及其混合物(例如外消旋物)的形式存在。本发明化合物可以为(R)-、(S)-或(R,S)-构型,关于本发明化合物中特定的位置,优选(R)-或(S)-构型。
如果需要,可以例如根据常规方法的类似方法,对异构体混合物进行分离,获得纯的异构体。本发明包括本发明化合物的任何异构体形式以及任何异构体混合物。
如果存在互变异构体的话,本发明也包括本发明化合物的互变异构体。
另一方面,本发明提供了制备式I化合物或如上文所定义的其前药的方法,包括下列步骤:
i)使下式化合物
例如下式化合物
其中X和R1、环A和环B如上文所定义,并且其中官能团任选被保护,该反应在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如DMF)中、在例如偶合试剂(例如N-乙基,N′-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺、1-羟基-7-氮杂-1,2,3-苯并三唑)和碱(例如胺,如叔胺,例如二异丙基乙基胺)存在下进行,
ii)任选除去保护基团,
iii)自反应混合物中分离式I化合物或其前药,其中X和R1如上文所定义,并且
iv)任选进一步反应以获得另一种式I化合物或其前药;
例如,在步骤ii)之前或之后,在六甲基二硅氨化锂(LiHMDS)存在下,采用(C1-4)烷基卤化物(例如(C1-4)烷基碘)将胺基团烷基化,获得式I化合物或其前药,其中A为(C1-4)烷基。
在式II或式III中间体(原料)中,官能团(如果存在的话)任选为被保护的形式,或者如果盐形成基团存在的话,为盐形式。任选存在的保护基团可以在适当的阶段除去,例如根据常规方法的类似方法除去。例如,如果式II化合物含有膦酸基团,则式II化合物中的膦酸基团可以为膦酸烷基酯基团的形式。在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如卤代碳水合物,如CH2Cl2)中,通过例如采用三烷基甲硅烷基碘(例如三甲基甲硅烷基碘)处理,可以在例如步骤ii)中除去烷氧基。
如此获得的本发明化合物可以转化为本发明的另一种化合物,例如获得的游离形式的本发明化合物可以转化为本发明化合物的盐,反之亦然。
上述反应为胺酰化反应,可以适当地根据例如有机化学中的胺酰化反应的类似方法进行。
式II或式III(III′)的中间体(原料)为已知的,或者可以根据例如常规方法或本文中所述的方法的类似方法进行制备。
例如,式II化合物,其中R1为-Y-P(O)(OH)(OH),例如为酯形式,例如为-PO3H2二乙酯形式,即-CH2-P(O)(OC2H5)2,可以例如如下获得:在作为催化剂的Pd-C存在下,在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如醇,例如乙醇)中,例如通过将下式化合物中的硝基氢化还原:
并且自反应混合物中分离式II化合物,其中所述膦酸基团为被保护的形式。
式IV化合物可以例如如下获得:在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如甲苯)中,使得其中Hal为卤素(例如Br或I)的下式化合物
与亚磷酸三乙酯反应,自反应混合物中分离获得的式IV化合物。
例如,式II化合物,其中R1为-CF2-P(O)(OC2H5)2或-CF2-CF2-P(O)(OC2H5)2,可以如下获得:在催化量的三甲基氯代硅烷存在下,在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,使得下式化合物
与锌反应,获得下式化合物
在Cu(I)Br存在下,使得该化合物进一步与下式化合物反应:
获得下式化合物的混合物
通过例如色谱方法分离该混合物,在作为催化剂的Pd-C存在下,在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如醇,例如乙醇)中,氢化获得的分离的化合物,分离式II化合物,其中R1分别为-CF2-P(O)(OC2H5)2或-CF2-CF2-P(O)(OC2H5)2。
例如,式II化合物,其中R2为下式基团
例如下式基团:
可以如下获得:在作为催化剂的Pd-C存在下,在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如醇,例如甲醇)中,通过例如氢化下式化合物中的硝基:
例如:
然后自反应混合物中分离式II化合物。
例如在有机溶剂(例如极性有机溶剂,例如四氢呋喃)中,在NaN[Si(CH3)3]2存在下,式VI化合物可以例如通过将与下式硝基苯连接的基团环合而获得:
式VII化合物可以如下获得:在无机溶剂(例如H2O)中,通过例如采用稀释的三氟乙酸处理,除去下式化合物中的叔-丁氧基羰基(BOC)
式VIII化合物可以例如如下获得:在有机溶剂(例如非极性有机溶剂,例如卤代烃,例如CH2Cl2)中,在叔胺(例如三乙胺)存在下,使得下式化合物中的胺基团
与ClSO2NCO和叔-丁醇的反应产物反应,自反应混合物中分离获得的式VIII化合物。
本文中所述的任何化合物,例如本发明化合物和式II、III、III′、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII和IX中间体,可以例如根据例如与常规方法或例如本文中所述的方法的类似方法制备。
制备本发明化合物中的中间体在本文中也称为本发明中间体。本发明中间体中的一部分是新的,此类新的中间体也构成本发明的一部分。
另一方面,本发明提供了化合物,例如本发明中间体,它们选自下列化合物:
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(2-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式:
[二氟-(3-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式:
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(3-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式:
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(4-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式:
[(2-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[二氟-(2-羟基氨基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[(3-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,和
(3-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯;
例如这些中间体用于制备本发明化合物。
本发明化合物(例如包括式I化合物)具有药理学活性,因此可以用作药物。例如,已经发现本发明化合物可以抑制神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性。
神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性可以例如根据下列神经磷脂酶(aSMase)试验测定:
神经磷脂酶(aSMase)试验测定
作为酸性神经磷脂酶(aSMase)抑制剂的化合物的活性根据下列方案测定:
-自转染的HEK自由型(freestyle)293细胞的上清液中纯化重组人类aSMase(EC 3.1.4.12)。
-将酶底物Bodipy-C12神经磷脂(购自MolecularProbes)以1mM的浓度溶于DMSO。将一份体积的该储备液与9份体积的0.5%Triton X-100的水溶液混合。将该混合物超声处理10分钟,得到该底物的胶束制品。
-将抑制剂以梯度浓度溶于DMSO。
-通过将27.5μl缓冲液(250mM乙酸钠,pH5,含有1mM EDTA)与10μl底物溶液(获得20μM终浓度的底物)和2.5μl抑制剂稀释液或作为未抑制对照的DMSO混合,制备反应混合物。
-通过加入10μl酶溶液(使其终浓度为25nM)开始反应。
-将反应于37℃进行1小时。
-通过加入125μl异丙醇/庚烷/5M硫酸(40:10:1)中止反应。
-加入75μl庚烷和67μl水。混合样品,短暂离心以分离各层。
-自提取的样品的上层,移出4μl,转移到位于白色96孔板的各孔中的200μl异丙醇中。
-在Spectramax读板仪(Molecular Devices)中测定荧光性,以异丙醇作为空白,于485nm激发,于538nm发射。
-通过将未抑制对照样品与含有不同梯度浓度抑制剂的样品的荧光单位进行比较,测定酶抑制达到50%的浓度(IC50)。
在神经磷脂酶(aSMase)试验测定中,本发明化合物的IC50值为纳摩尔至较低的微摩尔的范围内。
本发明化合物在上述神经磷脂酶(aSMase)试验测定中显示活性,因此可以用于治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病。
疾病包括例如由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病,所述疾病采用神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性抑制剂易于成功治疗,例如采用本发明化合物治疗,包括其中神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性在其中作为起因角色或起贡献作用的疾病。
此类疾病优选为:
-脓毒性休克,
-自身免疫疾病,包括多重硬化症和关节炎,
-肺气肿和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD),
-囊性纤维化,
-动脉粥样硬化,
-神经变性,尤其是中风和阿尔茨海默病,
-精神抑郁,
-由病原体例如病毒、细菌和寄生虫导致的感染性疾病,
-肿瘤生长,尤其是黑素瘤生长。
由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)介导的疾病包括,例如
-与免疫系统病症相关的疾病
免疫疾病,例如自身免疫疾病,例如包括格雷夫斯病、桥本病(慢性甲状腺炎)、多重硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、关节炎、痛风、骨关节炎、硬皮病、狼疮综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、上斜肌鞘综合征(Sjoegren′s syndrome)、银屑病、炎性肠病(包括克隆病、结肠炎,例如溃疡性结肠炎)、脓毒病、脓毒性休克、自体免疫性溶血性贫血(AHA)、自身抗体引发荨麻疹、天疱疮、肾炎、肾小球肾炎、肺出血-肾炎综合征(Goodpastur syndrom)、强直性脊柱炎、赖特综合征(Reiter′s syndrome)、多发性肌炎、皮肌炎、细胞因子介导的毒性、白介素-2毒性、斑秃、色素层炎、扁平苔癣、大疱性类天疱疮、重症肌无力、I型糖尿病、免疫介导的不育(例如卵巢早衰)、多腺体衰竭、甲状腺机能减退、寻常型天疱疮、pemphigus I-oliaceus、副肿瘤性天疱疮、自身免疫性肝炎(包括与肝炎B病毒(HBV)和肝炎C病毒(HCV)有关的肝炎)、艾迪生氏病(Addison′s disease)、自身免疫性皮肤疾病(例如银屑病)、疱疹样皮炎、大疱性表皮松解症、线性IgA大疱性皮肤病、获得性大疱性表皮松解症、儿童慢性大疱性疾病、恶性贫血、溶血性贫血、白斑、I型、II型和III型自身免疫性多腺体综合征、自身免疫性甲状旁腺机能减退、自身免疫性下垂体炎、自身免疫性卵巢炎、自身免疫性睾丸炎、妊娠性类天疱疮、瘢痕性类天疱疮、混合性特发性冷球蛋白血症、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、肺出血肾炎综合征(Goodpasture′s syndrome)、自身免疫性嗜中性白血球减少症、重症肌无力综合征(Eaton-Lambert myasthenicsyndrome)、全身肌强直综合征(stiff-man syndrome)、脑脊髓炎、急性弥散性脑脊髓炎、格林-巴利综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、小脑变性、视网膜病、原发性胆汁性硬化症、硬化性胆管炎自身免疫性肝炎、麸质过敏性肠病、反应性关节炎性皮疹、多肌炎/皮肌炎、混合性结缔组织病、白塞综合征(Bechet′s syndrome)、结节性多动脉炎和肉芽肿变应性血管炎(polyarteritis nodosa allergic anguitis and granulomatosis)(Churg-Strauss病)、多血管炎重叠综合征(超敏性)脉管炎、韦格纳肉芽肿(Wegener′sgranulomatosis)、颞动脉炎川崎氏病、结节病、寒冷病、乳糜泻(Celiacdisease),
-与炎症有关的疾病
例如包括(慢性)炎性疾病,与支气管炎症相关的疾病(例如包括支气管炎)、与子宫颈炎症相关的疾病(例如包括子宫颈炎),与结膜炎症相关的疾病(例如包括结膜炎)、与食道炎症相关的疾病(例如包括食道炎),与心肌炎症相关的疾病(例如包括心肌炎炎),与直肠炎症相关的疾病(例如包括直肠炎),与巩膜炎症相关的疾病(例如包括巩膜炎),与牙龈炎症相关的疾病,包括骨炎、肺炎(肺泡炎),与呼吸道炎症相关的疾病(例如哮喘,例如支气管哮喘),急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),炎性皮肤疾病(例如接触性过敏,易位性皮炎),纤维变性疾病(例如,肺纤维化),脑炎(encephilitis),炎性骨质溶解,
-与脑和神经相关的疾病
-神经变性疾病,例如包括中枢神经系统疾病以及外周神经系统疾病,例如CNS疾病包括中枢神经感染,脑损伤,脑血管疾病及其继发症,帕金森病,皮质基底节变性,运动神经元疾病,痴呆包括ALS,多重硬化症,外伤性疾病(包括创伤和创伤的炎性继发症),外伤性脑损伤,中风,中风后、外伤后脑损伤,
小血管脑血管疾病,饮食疾病;另外包括痴呆,例如包括阿尔茨海默病,血管性痴呆,路易体痴呆,额颞叶痴呆以及与染色体17相关的帕金森病,额颞痴呆,包括匹克病,进行性核上性麻痹,皮质基底节变性,亨廷顿病,丘脑豆状核变性,克雅氏痴呆(Creutzfeld Jakob dementia),HIV痴呆,精神分裂症伴发的痴呆,科尔萨科夫综合征(Korsakoff′s psychosis),
与认知功能相关的疾病,例如轻度认知损害,年龄相关的记忆损害,年龄相关的认知减退,血管性认知损害,注意力缺陷异常,注意力缺陷-多动综合障碍,记忆干扰儿童学习障碍;与下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺轴有关的疾病,
-神经元疾病,例如包括神经元移行异常,张力减退(肌肉张力降低),肌无力,癫痫发作,发展迟缓(身体或智力发育障碍),智力迟钝,生长障碍,喂食困难,淋巴水肿,头小畸形,影响头和脑的症状,运动障碍,
-与呼吸道和肺有关的疾病
例如包括肺部疾病,慢性肺病,纤维性肺泡炎(fibrosing aveolitis),肺纤维化,
-与癌症和细胞过度增生有关的疾病
例如包括癌前疾病,高增生性疾病,原发性或转移性癌症,宫颈和转移性癌症,失控的细胞增生导致的癌症,实体肿瘤(例如WO02066019中描述的),包括非小细胞肺癌,宫颈癌;肿瘤生长,淋巴瘤,B-细胞或T-细胞淋巴瘤,良性肿瘤,良性增生低下疾病(benign dysproliferativedisease),肾癌,食道癌,胃癌,肾癌,膀胱癌,乳癌,结肠癌,肺癌,黑素瘤,鼻咽癌,骨癌,卵巢癌,子宫癌,前列腺癌,皮肤癌,白血病,肿瘤新血管形成,血管瘤,骨髓增生异常疾病,无应答正常死亡诱导信号(unresponsiveness to normal death-inducing signals)(永生化),细胞活力和侵入力增加,遗传不稳定,失调的基因表达,(神经)内分泌癌症(内癌瘤),血癌,淋巴细胞白血病,成神经细胞瘤,软组织癌,转移预防,
-与血管生成有关的疾病
例如包括恢复血液供应的能力不足,特征在于odified血管生成的疾病,与血管生成有关的肿瘤,
-与感染性疾病相关的疾病
例如包括细菌性疾病,中耳炎,莱姆病(Lyme disorders),甲状腺炎(thryoditis),病毒性疾病,寄生虫病,真菌病,疟疾(例如疟疾性贫血),脓毒病,重度脓毒病,脓毒性休克,例如内毒素-诱导的脓毒性休克,外毒素-诱导的中毒性休克,感染性(true septic)休克,革兰氏阴性菌导致的脓毒性休克,骨盆感染疾病,AIDS,肠炎,肺炎,脑膜炎,脑炎,
-与风湿性疾病相关的疾病
例如包括关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,骨关节炎,牛皮癣关节炎,结晶性关节病,痛风,假性痛风,焦磷酸钙沉积疾病,狼疮综合征,系统性红斑狼疮,硬化症,硬皮病,多重硬化症,动脉粥样硬化症,动脉粥样硬化,脊柱关节病,系统性硬化,反应性关节炎,赖特综合症,强直性脊椎炎,多肌炎,
-与移植有关的疾病
例如包括移植排斥危象和其它移植后疾病,例如器官或组织(异体)移植排斥反应,例如用于心脏、肺、心肺合并、肝、肾、胰脏、皮肤、角膜移植的受体治疗,移植物对抗宿主疾病(例如骨髓移植后),局部缺血再灌注损伤。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-用作药物的本发明化合物,
-作为药物的本发明化合物的用途,
例如用于治疗神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病。
当作为药物使用时,可以采用一或多种本发明化合物,例如一种本发明化合物,或者两种或两种以上的本发明化合物的组合,优选采用一种本发明化合物。
本发明化合物可以以药用组合物的形式用作药物。
另一方面,本发明提供了药用组合物,该组合物含有本发明化合物以及至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂,例如适当的载体和/或稀释剂,例如包括填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、助流剂、润滑剂、糖类或甜味剂,芳香剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂和/或乳化剂、增溶剂、用于调节渗透压的盐和/或缓冲剂。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-本发明的药用组合物,该组合物用于治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病。
-本发明的药用组合物的用途,用于治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病。
另一方面,本发明提供了治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病的方法,所述疾病例如包括上述疾病,所述治疗包括给予需要此类治疗的患者有效量的本发明化合物;例如以药用组合物的形式给予。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-用于生产药物的本发明化合物,
-本发明化合物在生产药物中的用途,
例如药用组合物,
用于治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病。
所述治疗包括治疗和预防。
当进行此类治疗时,适当的剂量当然取决于例如所使用的本发明化合物的化学性质和药物动力学数据、个体宿主、给药的模式以及待治疗疾病的性质和严重性。然而,通常,为了在较大的哺乳动物例如人类中获得满意的效果,建议的日剂量包括在下列范围内:
-约0.0001g至约1.5g,例如0.001g至1.5g;
-约0.001mg/kg体重至约20mg/kg体重,例如0.01mg/kg体重至20mg/kg体重,
例如以分剂量给药,每天四次。
本发明化合物可以通过与其它调节剂常规给药相似的给药模式给药于较大的哺乳动物,例如人类,所述调节剂例如神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性的低分子量抑制剂。
本发明化合物可以通过常规途径给药,例如肠道途径,例如包括鼻腔、颊腔、直肠、口服给药;肠胃外途径,例如包括静脉内、动脉内、肌肉内、心脏内、皮下、骨内输注、透皮(通过完整皮肤的扩散)、透粘膜(通过粘膜的扩散)、吸入给药;局部途径;例如包括表皮(epicutaneous)、鼻内、气管内给药;腹膜内给药(输注或注射进腹腔);硬膜外给药(注射或输注到硬膜腔内);鞘内给药(注射或输注到脑脊液内);玻璃体内给药(通过眼睛给药);或通过医学装置给药,例如局部传递给药,例如通过支架,
例如以下列形式给药:包衣或未包衣片剂、胶囊、(可注射)溶液、输液、固体溶液、混悬液、分散液、固体分散体;例如安瓿形式,小瓶,霜剂、凝胶,糊剂,吸入粉末,泡沫剂,酊剂,唇膏,滴剂,喷雾剂或者栓剂的形式。
对于局部使用而言,例如包括给药于眼睛,以0.5-10%(例如1-3%)的活性物质浓度每日数次局部给药可以获得满意的效果,例如每日2-5次。
本发明化合物可以以药学上可接受的盐的形式或游离形式给药;任选以溶剂化物的形式给药。盐形式和/或溶剂化物形式的本发明化合物具有与游离形式的本发明化合物相同的活性级别。
本发明化合物可以单独用于本文中所述的任何方法或用途,或者与一或多种(至少一种)其它第二种药物一起使用。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-本发明化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合;
-含有本发明化合物以及至少一种第二种药物的药用组合产品;
-含有本发明化合物以及至少一种第二种药物和一或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药用组合物;
-本发明化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合,例如以药用组合产品或组合物的形式,用于本文中所定义的任何方法,例如
-组合产品、药用组合产品或药用组合物,它们含有用作药物的本发明化合物和至少一种第二种药物;
-本发明化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合用作药物,例如以药用组合产品或组合物的形式;
-在需要的患者中治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病的方法,包括联合给予(同时或顺序)治疗有效量的本发明化合物和至少一种第二种药物,例如以药用组合产品或组合物的形式给予;
-本发明化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合,例如以药用组合产品或组合物的形式,用于制备在由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病的治疗中使用的药物。
所述组合包括:固定组合产品,其中本发明化合物和至少一种第二种药物在相同的制剂中;试剂盒,其中本发明化合物和至少一种第二种药物在不同的制剂中,但是在相同的包装中提供,还包括例如联合给药的说明书;自由组合,其中本发明化合物和至少一种第二种药物分别包装,但是提供同时或顺序给药的说明书。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-药用包装,它包括为本发明化合物的第一种药物和至少一种第二种药物,还包括组合给药的说明书;
-药用包装,它包括本发明化合物以及与至少一种第二种药物组合给药的说明书;
-药用包装,它包括至少一种第二种药物以及与本发明化合物组合给药的说明书。
采用本发明组合产品的治疗可以较单一治疗提供更好的改善。
另一方面,本发明提供了:
-药用组合产品,它含有一定量的本发明化合物和一定量的第二种药物,其中所述一定量能够适当地产生协同治疗作用;
-改善本发明化合物治疗性能的方法,它包括联合给予(例如同时或顺序)治疗有效量的本发明化合物和第二种药物;
-改善第二种药物治疗性能的方法,它包括联合给予(例如同时或顺序)治疗有效量的本发明化合物和第二种药物。
本发明化合物和作为组合成分的第二种药物的组合产品可以通过常规途径给药,例如上面本发明化合物中所列出的途径。第二种药物可以以适当的剂量给药,例如剂量范围与单一治疗所采用的范围相似,或者,例如如果具有协同作用时,甚至低于常规剂量范围。
本发明的药用组合物可以根据例如常规方法的类似方法生产,例如通过混合、制粒、包衣、溶解或冷冻干燥方法。单位剂型可以含有例如约0.1mg至约1500mg,例如0.1mg至约1000mg。
本文中所述的含有本发明组合产品的药用组合物和含有第二种药物的药用组合物可以适当地提供,例如根据常规方法的相似方法或者本文中所述的本发明的药用组合物的相似方法提供。
术语“第二种药物”是指化学治疗药物,特别是非本发明化合物(例如式I化合物)的任何其它化学治疗药物。
例如,本文中所使用的第二种药物包括:
-免疫调节药物
-抗癌药物
-非本发明化合物的其它神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性抑制剂,例如包括抗体和低分子量化合物。
可以与本发明化合物组合使用的抗炎和/或免疫调节药物包括例如:
-mTOR活性调节剂,例如抑制剂,包括下式的雷帕霉素:
和雷帕霉素衍生物,例如包括
40-O-烷基-雷帕霉素衍生物,例如40-O-羟基烷基-雷帕霉素衍生物,例如40-O-(2-羟基)-乙基-雷帕霉素(依维莫司),40-O-烷氧基烷基-雷帕霉素衍生物,例如40-O-乙氧基乙基-雷帕霉素(Biolomus A9),
32-脱氧-雷帕霉素衍生物和32-羟基-雷帕霉素衍生物,例如32-脱氧雷帕霉素,
16-O-取代的雷帕霉素衍生物,例如16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32-脱氧雷帕霉素,16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S或R)-二氢-雷帕霉素,16-戊-2-炔基氧基-32(S或R)-二氢-40-O-(2-羟基乙基)-雷帕霉素,
在40位氧基团上被酰化的雷帕霉素衍生物,例如40-[3-羟基-2-(羟基-甲基)-2-甲基丙酸酯]-雷帕霉素(也称为CCI779),
在40位上被杂环基取代的雷帕霉素衍生物,例如40-表-(四唑基)-雷帕霉素(也称为ABT578),
所谓的雷帕霉素类似物,例如在WO9802441、WO0114387和WO0364383中公开的那些,例如AP23573,和
以名称为TAFA-93、AP23464、AP23675和AP23841公开的化合物;
-具有免疫抑制特性的子囊霉素,例如ABT-281、ASM981;
-15-去氧精胍菌素或其免疫抑制同系物、类似物或衍生物;
-bcr-abl酪氨酸激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂;
-c-kit受体酪氨酸激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂;
-PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂,例如Gleevec(伊马替尼);
-p38MAP激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂;
-VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂;
-PKC活性调节剂,例如抑制剂,例如WO0238561或WO0382859中所公开的抑制剂,例如实施例56或70化合物;
-JAK3激酶活性调节剂,例如抑制剂;例如N-苄基-3,4-二羟基-亚苄基-氰基乙酰胺α-氰基-(3,4-二羟基)-]N-苄基肉桂酰胺(Tyrphostin AG 490)、灵菌红素25-C(PNU156804)、[4-(4′-羟基苯基)-氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉](WHI-P131)、[4-(3′-溴-4′-羟基苯基)-氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉](WHI-P154)、[4-(3′,5′-二溴-4′-羟基苯基)-氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉]WHI-P97、KRX-211、3-{(3R,4R)-4-甲基-3-[甲基-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-氨基]-哌啶-1-基}-3-氧代-丙腈,其游离形式或其可药用盐形式,例如单-柠檬酸盐(也称为CP-690,550),或公开于WO2004052359或WO2005066156的化合物;
-S1P受体活性调节剂,例如激动剂或调节剂,例如任选被磷酸化的FTY720或其类似物,例如任选被磷酸化的2-氨基-2-[4-(3-苄氧基苯硫基)-2-氯代苯基]乙基-1,3-丙烷二醇或1-{4-[1-(4-环己基-3-三氟甲基-苄氧基亚氨基)-乙基]-2-乙基-苄基}-氮杂环丁烷-3-甲酸或其药学上可接受的盐;
-免疫抑制单克隆抗体,例如,白细胞受体的单克隆抗体,例如Blys受体(例如贝利单抗、lymphostat B)、BAFF受体、MHC、CD2、CD3(例如visilizumab)、CD4(例如zanolimumab)、CD7、CD8、CD11a(例如依法利珠单抗)、CD20(例如利妥昔单抗(,Mabthera)、与111In或90Y共轭的替伊莫单抗 131I托西莫单抗CD25、CD28、CD33(例如吉妥单抗CD40(例如抗-CD40L或抗CD154,例如IDEC-131)、CD45,CD52、CD54(例如阿仑单抗CD58、CD80、CD86、IL-2受体(例如达昔单抗(daclizumab)IL6受体(例如托珠单抗,)、IL-12受体、IL-17受体、IL-23受体或其配体;例如IL-12、IL-23的抗体,例如ABT-874,CNTO1275(IL-12/IL23mAb),IL-10,例如B-N10,例如双股DNA抗体(dsDNA),例如阿贝莫司钠
-影响免疫系统的其它化合物,例如
-含有至少一部分CTLA4或其突变体的细胞外部分的重组体结合分子,例如与非-CTLA4蛋白序列(例如CTLA4Ig(例如,称为ATCC 68629)或其突变体(例如LEA29Y)结合的CTLA4或其突变体的至少细胞外部分;或抗-CTLA4成分,例如ipilimumab、ticilimumab;
-MBP8298(合成肽),
-拉喹莫德(laquinimod)(ABR-215062),
-具有免疫调节活性的疫苗,例如
-吡啡尼酮(pirfenidone),
-BG-12(一种口服富马酸盐),
-粘附分子活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如LFA-1拮抗剂、ICAM-1或-3拮抗剂、VCAM-4拮抗剂或VLA-4拮抗剂,
-CCR9活性调节剂,例如拮抗剂,
-MIF活性调节剂,例如抑制剂,
-TNF-α活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如RPL228(Rosanto,York Pharma),例如包括与TNF-α结合的抗体,例如英利昔单抗infliximab沙立度胺、来那度胺、戈利木单抗(golimumab)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)特别针对人类TNFα的完全人免疫球蛋白G(IgG1)单克隆抗体、依那西普(etanercept)阿法赛特(alefacept)塞妥珠单抗(certolizumab pegol)CDP870)、阿非莫单抗(afelimomab)、AME527(Lilly)、抗-TNF域抗体PN0621,-促一氧化氮释放非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs),例如包括COX-抑制NO-供体型药物(CINOD),
-磷酸二酯酶调节剂,例如PDE4B活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),
-半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),
-G蛋白偶联受体GPBAR1的调节剂(例如激动剂),
-神经酰胺激酶活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),
-‘多功能抗炎’药物(MFAIDs),例如胞液型磷脂酶A2(cPLA2)抑制剂,例如与糖胺聚糖连接的膜固定型磷脂酶A2抑制剂;
-抗菌素和抗真菌药物,例如青霉素类、头孢菌素类、红霉素类、四环素类、磺胺类(例如磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑)、砜类(例如氨苯砜)、截短侧耳素、氟喹诺酮类(例如甲硝唑)、喹诺酮类(例如环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星)、益生菌、共生菌(例如乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillusreuteri))、米卡芬净(micafungin),
-抗病毒药物,例如利巴韦林、阿糖腺苷、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、扎那米韦、磷酸奥斯他韦、泛昔洛韦、阿扎那韦、金刚烷胺、去羟肌苷、依发韦仑、膦甲酸钠、茚地那韦、拉米夫定、奈非那韦、利托那韦、沙奎那维、司他夫定、万乃洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、civacir、齐多夫定、抗RSV蛋白(例如RSV F蛋白)的抗体(例如帕利珠单抗(palivizumab)莫维珠单抗(motavizumab)),
-血蛋白“补体5(a)”的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如依库珠单抗(eculizumab)、培克珠单抗(pexelizumab),
-GPBAR1调节剂活性的调节剂(例如激动剂),例如包括抗体和低分子量化合物,
-神经酰胺激酶活性的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如包括抗体和低分子量化合物,
-α-4-整联蛋白抗体,例如那他珠单抗(natalizumab)
-T-细胞共刺激调节剂,例如阿巴西普(abatacept)
-酸性神经磷脂酶(aSMase)的调节剂(例如抑制剂),它们不同于本发明化合物,
可以与本发明化合物联合应用的抗炎药物包括例如非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),例如丙酸衍生物(阿明洛芬、苯噁洛芬、布氯酸、卡洛芬、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、氟洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、咪洛芬、萘普生、噁丙嗪、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬、噻洛芬酸和硫噁洛芬)、乙酸衍生物(消炎痛、阿西美辛、阿氯芬酸、环氯茚酸、双氯芬酸、芬氯酸、芬克洛酸、芬替酸、呋罗芬酸、异丁苯乙酸、伊索克酸、oxpinac、舒林酸、硫平酸、托美汀、齐多美辛和佐美酸)、灭酸类衍生物(氟灭酸、甲氯灭酸、甲灭酸、尼氟灭酸和托灭酸)、联苯羧酸衍生物(双氟尼酸和氟苯沙酸)、昔康类(伊索昔康、吡罗昔康、舒多昔康和替诺昔)、水杨酸类(乙酰水杨酸、柳氮磺胺吡啶)和吡唑啉酮类(阿扎丙宗、bezpiperylon、非泼拉酮、莫非保松、羟基保泰松、苯基保泰松);环氧酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂,例如塞来昔布;磷酸二酯酶IV型(PDE-IV)抑制剂;例如MN-166,趋化因子受体拮抗剂,特别是CCR1拮抗剂(例如ZK811752(BX-471))、CCR2和CCR3拮抗剂;降胆固醇药,例如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀和普伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀和其它他汀类)、多价螯合剂(消胆胺和考来替泼)、烟酸、非诺贝酸衍生物(吉非罗齐、氯贝特、非诺贝特和苯扎贝特)和普罗布考;抗胆碱能药,例如毒蕈碱拮抗剂(异丙托溴铵);其它化合物,例如茶碱,柳氮磺胺吡啶和氨基水杨酸(例如5-氨基水杨酸及其前药),抗风湿药,IgE抗体(例如奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)
根据本发明用途,可以作为组合配对成分与本发明化合物联合应用的抗癌药物例如包括:
i.甾体,例如泼尼松。
ii.腺苷-激酶-抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制核碱基、核苷、核苷酸和核酸的代谢,例如5-碘杀结核菌素(5-Iodotubercidin),也称为7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-胺,5-碘-7-β-D-呋喃核糖(ribofuranosyl)。
iv.肾上腺皮质拮抗剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制肾上腺皮质的活性并改变皮质激素的外周代谢,从而导致17-羟基皮质激素的降低,例如米托坦。
v.AKT通路抑制剂;例如能够靶向、降低或抑制Akt(也称为蛋白激酶B(PKB))的化合物,例如鱼藤素,也称为3H-双[1]苯并吡喃并[3,4-b:6’,5’-e]吡喃-7(7aH)-酮,13,13a-二氢-9,10-二甲氧基-3,3-二甲基-,(7aS,13aS);和曲西立滨,也称为1,4,5,6,8-五氮杂苊-3-胺,1,5-二氢-5-甲基-1-β-D--呋喃核糖;KP372-1(QLT394)。
vi.烷化剂;它能够导致DNA的烷化,导致DNA分子以及双链交联的断裂,从而干扰DNA复制和RNA的转录,例如苯丁酸氮芥、氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、雌氮芥;亚硝基脲类,例如卡莫司汀、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、链脲霉素(链脲霉素,STZ)、BCNU;Gliadel;氮烯唑胺、氮芥(例如其盐酸盐的形式)、甲基苄肼(例如其盐酸盐的形式)、噻替派、替莫唑胺、氮芥、丝裂霉素、六甲蜜胺、白消安、雌氮芥、芥尿嘧啶。环磷酰胺可以例如以上市药品的形式给药,例如,商标为异环磷酰胺以商标为的形式给药,替莫唑胺商标为氮芥商标为雌氮芥商标为链脲霉素商标为
vii.血管生成抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制新血管的形成,例如它能够靶向蛋氨酸氨基肽酶-2(MetAP-2)、巨嗜细胞炎性蛋白-1(MIP-1α)、CCL5、TGF-β、脂加氧酶、环加氧酶和拓扑异构酶,或者它可以直接靶向p21、p53、CDK2和胶原合成,例如包括烟曲霉素,它也称为2,4,6,8-癸四烯二酸(decatetraenedioic acid),单[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-甲氧基-4-[(2R,3R)-2-甲基-3-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)环氧乙烷基]-1-氧杂螺[2.5]辛-6-基]酯,(2E,4E,6E,8E)-(9CI);紫草素,也称为1,4-萘二酮,5,8-二羟基-2-[(1R)-1-羟基-4-甲基-3-戊烯基]-(9CI);曲尼司特,也称为苯甲酸,2-[[3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1-氧代-2-丙烯基]氨基];熊果酸;苏拉明;bengamide或其衍生物;沙立度胺;TNP-470。
ix.抗雌激素药物;它可以在雌激素受体的水平上拮抗雌激素的作用,例如包括芳香酶抑制剂,它能够抑制雌激素的产生,即分别抑制底物雄烯二酮和睾酮向雌酮和雌二醇的转化,
例如包括阿他美坦、依西美坦、福美司坦、氨鲁米特、罗谷亚胺、吡多米特、曲洛司坦、睾内酯、酮康唑、伏氯唑、法倔唑、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、托瑞米芬;比卡鲁胺;氟他胺;他莫西芬、他莫西芬柠檬酸盐;氟维司群;雷洛昔芬、盐酸雷洛昔芬。他莫西芬可以以例如商标为的商品形式给药;盐酸雷洛昔芬可以以例如商标为的商品形式给药。氟维司群可以根据US4659516中所公开的方法制备,以商标为的商品形式给药。
x.抗高血钙药物;它可以用于治疗高钙血症,例如硝酸镓(III)水合物;帕米磷酸二钠。
xi.抗代谢药;它能够抑制或干扰DNA合成从而导致细胞死亡。抗多谢药的实例包括但不限于DNA脱甲基化试剂和叶酸拮抗剂,例如甲氨蝶呤、培美曲塞(培美曲塞,)、雷替曲塞;嘌呤类,例如6-巯基嘌呤,克拉屈滨,克罗拉滨;氟达拉滨;硫鸟嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤;奈拉滨(化合物506),噻唑呋啉(抑制肌酐单磷酸盐脱氢酶和鸟苷三磷酸盐聚集),喷司他丁(脱氧肋间型霉素),阿糖胞苷,氟尿苷(flexuridine),氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),氟尿苷(5-FUdR),卡培他滨,吉西他滨,盐酸吉西他滨,羟基脲(例如);DNA脱甲基化试剂,例如5-氮杂胞苷()和地西他滨;氟亚甲基脱氧胞苷(FmdC),5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷,曲沙他滨(L-异构体胞嘧啶类似物),依达曲沙;卡培他滨和吉西他滨可以以上市产品的形式给药,例如和
xii.细胞凋亡诱导剂;它可以在细胞中诱发导致细胞凋亡的一系列正常事件,例如选择性诱导细胞凋亡蛋白XIAP的X-连接的哺乳动物抑制剂,或者例如下调BCL-xL;例如乙醇,2-[[3-(2,3-二氯代苯氧基)丙基]氨基];藤黄酸;恩贝酸,也称为2,5-环己二烯-1,4-二酮,2,5-二羟基-3-十一烷基;三氧化二砷
xiii.有丝分裂激酶(aurorakinase)抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制自G2/M检验点直到有丝分裂检验点和后面的有丝分裂的细胞周期的较后面的阶段;例如binucleine 2,也称为甲脒,N′-[1-(3-氯代-4-氟苯基)-4-氰基-1H-吡唑-5-基]-N,N-二甲基。
xiv.Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制人类和鼠科B细胞的发育;例如土曲霉酸。
xv.钙调神经磷酸酶(calcineurin)抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制T细胞激活通路,例如氯氰菊酯,也称为环丙烷羧酸,3-(2,2-二氯代乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-氰基(3-苯氧基苯基)甲酯;溴氰菊酯,也称为环丙烷羧酸,3-(2,2-二溴代乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-(S)-氰基(3-苯氧基苯基)甲酯,(1R,3R);氰戊菊酯,也称为苯乙酸,4-氯代-α-(1-甲基乙基)-氰基(3-苯氧基苯基)甲酯;Tyrphostin 8;但不包括环孢菌素或FK506。
xvi.CaM激酶II抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制CaM激酶;它们构成了具有结构相关性的酶家族,该家族包括磷酸化酶激酶、肌球蛋白轻链激酶和CaM激酶I-IV;例如5-异喹啉磺酸,4-[(2S)-2-[(5-异喹啉基磺酰基)甲基氨基]-3-氧代-3-(4-苯基-1-哌嗪基)丙基]苯基酯(9CI);苯磺酰胺,N-[2-[[[3-(4-氯代苯基)-2-丙烯基]甲基]氨基]甲基]苯基]-N-(2-羟基乙基)-4-甲氧基。
xvii.CD45酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制Src-家族蛋白-酪氨酸激酶上的脱磷酸化调节pTyr残基,这有助于治疗各种炎性和免疫疾病;例如磷酸,[[2-(4-溴代苯氧基)-5-硝基苯基]羟基甲基]。
xviii.CDC25磷酸酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制肿瘤中过度表达的脱磷酸细胞周期蛋白-依赖性激酶;例如1,4-萘二酮,2,3-双[(2-羟乙基)硫代]。
xix.CHK激酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制细胞凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的过度表达;例如debromohymenialdisine。CHK激酶抑制剂的靶点为CHK1和/或CHK2。CHK激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于debromohymenialdisine。
xx.调节染料木素、olomucine和/或tyrphostins的调控药物;例如大豆甙元,也称为4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮,7-羟基-3-(4-羟基苯基);Iso-Olomoucine和Tyrphostin 1。
xxi.环加氧酶抑制剂;例如包括Cox-2抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制酶Cox-2(环加氧酶-2);例如1H-吲哚-3-乙酰胺,1-(4-氯代苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-N-(2-苯基乙基);5-烷基取代的2-芳基氨基苯基乙酸和衍生物,例如塞来昔布罗非昔布依托昔布、伐地昔布;或5-烷基-2-芳基氨基苯基乙酸,例如,5-甲基-2-(2’-氯代-6’-氟苯胺基)苯基乙酸,罗美昔布;和塞来昔布。
xxii.cRAF激酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制TNF诱导的E-选择蛋白和血管粘附分子-1的上调;例如3-(3,5-二溴代-4-羟基亚苄基)-5-碘-1,3-二氢吲哚-2-酮;和苯甲酰胺,3-(二甲基氨基)-N-[3-[(4-羟基苯甲酰基)氨基]-4-甲基苯基]。Raf激酶作为细胞外信号调节激酶在细胞分化、增殖和凋亡中起到了重要作用。cRAF激酶抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于RAF1。RAF激酶抑制剂例如包括在WO2005028444或WO0009495中公开的化合物。
xxiii.细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制在哺乳动物细胞周期调节中起作用的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶;例如N9-异丙基-olomoucine;olomoucine;purvalanol B,也称为苯甲酸,2-氯代-4-[[2-[[(1R)-1-(羟基甲基)-2-甲基丙基]氨基]-9-(1-甲基乙基)-9H-嘌呤-6-基]氨基]-(9CI);roascovitine;靛玉红,也称为2H-吲哚-2-酮,3-(1,3-二氢-3-氧代-2H-吲哚-2-基亚基)-1,3-二氢-;kenpaullone,也称为吲哚并[3,2-d][1]苯并氮杂-6(5H)-酮,9-溴-7,12-二氢-;purvalanol A,也称为1-丁醇,2-[[6-[(3-氯代苯基)氨基]-9-(1-甲基乙基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]氨基]-3-甲基-,(2R)-;靛玉红-3’-单肟。细胞周期的进行通过一系列连续事件调节,包括细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(Cdks)和细胞周期蛋白的激活和随后的失活。Cdks为一组丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,通过与其调节亚单位(细胞周期蛋白)的结合而形成活性杂二聚复合物。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于CDK、AHR、CDK1、CDK2、CDK5、CDK4/6、GSK3β和ERK。
xxiv.半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制在哺乳动物细胞周转和凋亡中起关键作用的半胱氨酸蛋白酶;例如4-吗啉甲酰胺,N-[(1S)-3-氟-2-氧代-1-(2-苯基乙基)丙基]氨基]-2-氧代-1-(苯基甲基)乙基]。
xxv.DNA嵌入剂;它可以与DNA结合并抑制DNA、RNA和蛋白的合成;例如普卡霉素、放线菌素D。
xxvi.DNA链断裂剂;它可以引起DNA链断裂,导致DNA合成被抑制,RNA和蛋白合成被抑制;例如博来霉素。
xxvii.E3连接酶抑制剂;它可以靶向、降低或抑制E3连接酶,它能够抑制泛素链向蛋白质的转移,意味着它们在蛋白酶体中的降解;例如N-((3,3,3-三氟-2-三氟甲基)丙酰基)对氨基苯磺酰胺。
xxviii.内分泌激素;通过主要作用于垂体腺,它能够在雄性中引起激素的抑制,主要的作用是使得睾酮减少至阉割水平;在雌性中,卵巢雌激素和雄激素的合成均受到抑制;例如亮丙瑞林;甲地孕酮,乙酸甲地孕酮。
xxix.能够靶向、降低或抑制受体酪氨酸激酶表皮生长因子家族(作为同-或杂二聚体的EGFR、ErbB2、(HER-2)、ErbB3、ErbB4,)的化合物,例如能够抑制EGF受体酪氨酸激酶家族(例如EGF受体、ErbB1、ErbB2、ErbB3和ErbB4)或能够与EGF或EGF-相关配体结合的化合物、蛋白质或抗体,以及特别是在下列专利中通常并特别公开的那些化合物、蛋白质或单克隆抗体:WO9702266(例如实施例39化合物),EP0564409,WO9903854,EP0520722,EP0566226,EP0787722,EP0837063,US5747498,WO9810767,WO9730034,WO9749688,WO9738983,特别是WO9630347(例如称为CP358774的化合物),WO9633980(例如称为ZD1839的化合物)和WO9503283(例如被称为ZM105180的化合物,),例如包括具有双向作用的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(ErbB1和ErbB2)拉帕替尼(GSK572016),例如拉帕替尼二甲苯磺酸盐;AEE788,帕尼单抗(panituzumab),曲妥珠单抗西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)吉非替尼,OSI-774,CI-1033,EKB8569,GW-2016,E1.1,E2.4,E2.5,E6.2,E6.4,E2.11,E6.3或E7.6.3,公开于例如WO03013541中的7H-吡咯并-[2,3-d]嘧啶衍生物,埃罗替尼,vatanalib,吉非替尼。埃罗替尼可以以上市产品形式给药,例如吉非替尼可以以上市产品形式给药,例如对抗表皮生长因子的人单克隆抗体包括ABX-EGFR。
xxx.EGFR、PDGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;例如EGFR激酶抑制剂,例如zalutumumab,tyrphostin 23,tyrphostin 25,tyrphostin 47,tyrphostin51和tyrphostin AG 825;2-丙烯酰胺,2-氰基-3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-N-苯基-(2E);tyrphostin Ag 1478;薰草菌素(lavendustin)A;3-吡啶乙腈,α-[(3,5-二氯代苯基)亚甲基]-,(αZ);EGFR、PDGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例例如包括tyrphostin 46,ZK222584。PDGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂包括tyrphostin 46,SU101。EGFR激酶抑制剂的靶点包括鸟苷酰环化酶(GC-C)HER2、EGFR、PTK和微管蛋白。
xxxi.法尼基转移酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制Ras蛋白;例如a-羟基法呢基磷酸;丁酸,2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2R)-2-氨基-3-巯基丙基]氨基]-3-甲基戊基]氧基]-1-氧代-3-苯基丙基]氨基]-4-(甲基磺酰基)-1-甲基乙酯,(2S);手霉素A;L-744,832或DK8G557;替匹法尼(R115777),SCH66336(洛那法尼(lonafarnib)),BMS-214662。
xxxii.Flk-1激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制Flk-1酪氨酸激酶活性;例如2-丙烯酰胺,2-氰基-3-[4-羟基-3,5-双(1-甲基乙基)苯基]-N-(3-苯基丙基)-(2E)。Flk-1激酶抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于KDR。
xxxiii.糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK3)抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK3);例如靛玉红-3’-单肟。糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK-3;τ蛋白激酶I)为高度保守、普遍表达的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,它参与了多种细胞过程的信号转导级联,它是参与多种细胞功能阵列的蛋白激酶,包括蛋白合成、细胞增殖、细胞分化、微管装配/解体和凋亡。
xxxiv.组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂;它能够抑制组蛋白脱乙酰酶,具有抗增生活性;例如公开于WO0222577的化合物,特别是N-羟基-3-[4-[[(2-羟基乙基)[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基]-氨基]甲基]苯基]-2E-2-丙烯酰胺和N-羟基-3-[4-[[[2-(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基]甲基]苯基]-2E-2-丙烯酰胺及其药学上可接受的盐;辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA);[4-(2-氨基-苯基氨基甲酰基)-苄基]-氨基甲酸吡啶-3-基甲酯及其衍生物;丁酸,pyroxamide,曲古抑菌素A,oxamflatin,apicidin,缩酚肽(depsipeptide)(FK228),depudecin,trapoxin,HC毒素,也称为环四肽(环-[脯氨酰基-alynyl-丙氨酰基-2-氨基-8-氧代-9,10-环氧癸酰基]);苯丁酸钠,辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸,辛二酰基双-异羟肟酸,曲古抑菌素A,BMS-27275,pyroxamide,FR-901228,丙戊酸,PXD101,
xxxv.HSP90抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制HSP90的体内ATPase活性;通过泛素蛋白酶体通路降解、靶向、减少或抑制HSP90客户蛋白(client proteins)。能够靶向、降低或抑制HSP90的体内ATPase活性的化合物特别为能够抑制HSP90的ATPase活性的化合物、蛋白质或抗体,例如格尔德霉素衍生物,17-烯丙基氨基格尔德霉,17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素(17AAG),其它格尔德霉素相关化合物;根赤壳菌素和HDAC抑制剂。HSP90抑制剂的其它实例包括格尔德霉素,17-去甲氧基-17-(2-丙烯基氨基)。HSP90抑制剂的可能的间接靶点包括FLT3、BCR-ABL、CHK1、CYP3A5*3和/或NQ01*2。尼勒替尼(Nilotinib)为BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例。
xxxvi.I-κB-α激酶抑制剂(IKK);它能够靶向、降低或抑制NF-κB,例如2-丙烯腈,3-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-(2E)。
xxxvii.胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;它能够调节磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、与微管相关的蛋白以及S6激酶的活性;例如羟基-2-萘基甲基磷酸,LY294002。
xxxviii.c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制JunN-末端激酶;例如吡唑蒽酮和/或表焙儿茶素没食子酸酯。Jun N-末端激酶(JNK),一种丝氨酸-控制的(serine-directed)蛋白激酶,参与c-Jun和ATF2的磷酸化和活化,它在代谢、生长、细胞分化和凋亡中起重要作用。JNK激酶抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于DNMT。
xxxix微管结合药物;它通过干扰微管网络而起作用,该网络对有丝分裂和分裂间期细胞功能而言是必需的;例如长春花属生物碱类,例如长春碱,硫酸长春碱;长春新碱,硫酸长春新碱;长春地辛;长春瑞滨;紫杉醇类,例如紫杉醇,例如多烯紫衫醇;紫杉醇;discodermolides;秋水仙碱,埃博霉素及其衍生物,例如埃博霉素B或其衍生物。紫杉醇以上市;多烯紫杉醇以上市;硫酸长春碱以VINBLASTIN R.P上市;硫酸长春新碱以上市。也包括紫杉醇的一般形式以及各种剂型的紫杉醇。紫杉醇的一般形式包括但不限于盐酸倍他索洛尔。紫杉醇的各种剂型包括但不限于商标为的白蛋白纳米颗粒紫杉醇; Discodermolide可以根据例如US5010099中所公开的方法制备。也包括公开于下列专利中的埃博霉素衍生物:US6194181、WO98/0121、WO9825929、WO9808849、WO9943653、WO9822461和WO0031247。特别优选埃博霉素A和/或B。
xl.有丝分裂原激活的蛋白(MAP)激酶-抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制有丝分裂原激活的蛋白,例如苯磺酰胺,N-[2-[[[3-(4-氯代苯基)-2-丙烯基]甲基]氨基]甲基]苯基]-N-(2-羟基乙基)-4-甲氧基。有丝分裂原激活的蛋白(MAP)激酶为一组蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,它响应于各种细胞外刺激和自细胞表面到细胞核的调节信号转导而激活。它们能够调节多种生理学和病理学细胞现象,包括炎症、细胞凋亡、致癌性转化、肿瘤细胞侵入和转移。
xli.MDM2抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制MDM2和p53肿瘤抑制基因的相互作用;例如反式-4-碘,4’-硼烷基-查耳酮。
xlii.MEK抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制MAP激酶MEK的激酶活性;例如索拉非尼(sorafenib),例如(甲苯磺酸索拉非尼),丁烷二腈,双[氨基[2-氨基苯基)硫代]亚甲基]。MEK抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于ERK。MEK抑制剂的间接靶点包括但不限于细胞周期蛋白D1。
xliii:基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制一组蛋白酶,该酶能够选择性催化多肽键的水解,包括酶MMP-2和MMP-9,这些酶参与了促进肿瘤周围组织结构的损失,促进肿瘤的生长、血管生成和转移,例如放线酰胺素,也称为丁烷二酰胺,N-4-羟基-N1-[(1S)-1-[[(2S)-2-(羟基甲基)-1-吡咯烷基]羰基]-2-甲基丙基]-2-戊基-,(2R)-(9CI);表焙儿茶素没食子酸酯;胶原蛋白拟肽和非-拟肽抑制剂;四环素衍生物,例如,羟肟酸拟肽抑制剂巴马司他;其口服可生物利用的类似物马立马司他、普啉司他、metastat、新伐司他、坦诺司他、TAA211、BMS-279251、BAY 12-9566、MMI270B或AAJ996。MMP抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于多肽去甲酰基酶。
xliv.NGFR酪氨酸-激酶-抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制神经生长因子依赖性p140c-trk酪氨酸磷酸化;例如tyrphostin AG 879。NGFR酪氨酸-激酶-抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于HER2、FLK1、FAK、TrkA和/或TrkC。间接靶点抑制RAF1的表达。
xlv.p38MAP激酶抑制剂,包括SAPK2/p38激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制作为MAPK家族成员的p38-MAPK,例如苯酚,4-[4-(4-氟苯基)-5-(4-吡啶基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]。SAPK2/p38激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于苯甲酰胺,3-(二甲基氨基)-N-[3-[(4-羟基苯甲酰基)氨基]-4-甲基苯基]。MAPK家族成员为被酪氨酸和苏氨酸残基的磷酸化激活的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。该激酶能够被多种细胞应激状态和炎性刺激磷酸化和激活,所以能够参与调节重要的细胞响应,例如细胞凋亡和炎性反应。
xlvi.p56酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制p56酪氨酸激酶,该酶为淋巴-特异性src家族酪氨酸激酶,它对于T-细胞发育和激活非常重要;例如虎刺素(damnacanthal),也称为2-蒽甲醛,9,10-二氢-3-羟基-1-甲氧基-9,10-二氧代,Tyrphostin 46。p56酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于Lck。Lck与CD4、CD8的细胞质域以及IL-2受体的β-链有关,可能会参与TCR-介导的T-细胞激活的最初期阶段。
xlvii.PDGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;靶向、降低或抑制C-kit受体酪氨酸激酶(属于PDGFR家族)的活性,例如靶向、降低或抑制C-kit受体酪氨酸激酶家族的活性,特别是抑制c-Kit受体。PDGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于PDGFR、FLT3和/或c-KIT;例如tyrphostin AG 1296;tyrphostin 9;1,3-丁二烯-1,1,3-三甲腈,2-氨基-4-(1H-吲哚-5-基);N-苯基-2-嘧啶-胺衍生物,例如伊马替尼、 MLN518。在正常细胞中以及在各种疾病状态中,PDGF在调节细胞增殖、趋化性和存活中起重要作用,所述疾病例如癌症、动脉粥样硬化和纤维变性疾病。PDGF家族由二聚体同工型(PDGF-AA、PDGF-BB、PDGF-AB、PDGF-CC和PDGF-DD)组成,它通过与两种受体酪氨酸激酶的不同结合而发挥其细胞作用。PDGFR-α和PDGFR-β的分子量分别为约170和180kDa。
xlviii.磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制PI3-激酶;例如渥曼青霉素,也称为3H-呋喃并[4,3,2-de]茚并[4,5-h]-2-苯并吡喃-3,6,9-三酮,11-(乙酰基氧基)-1,6b,7,8,9a,10,11,11b-八氢-1-(甲氧基甲基)-9a,11b-二甲基-(1S,6bR,9aS,11R,11bR)-(9CI);8-苯基-2-(吗啉-4-基)-色烯-4-酮;槲皮苷,槲皮苷二水合物。已有报道:PI3-激酶能够增加对多种激素和生长因子刺激的响应,包括胰岛素、血小板源生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子、表皮生长因子、集落刺激因子和肝细胞生长因子,参与了与细胞生长和转化有关的过程。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于Pi3K。
xlix.磷酸酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制磷酸酶;例如斑蝥酸;斑蝥素;L-亮氨酰胺,N-[4-(2-羧基乙烯基)苯甲酰基]甘氨酰基-L-α-谷氨酰基-(E)。磷酸酶能够除去磷酰基并将蛋白质恢复至其最初的脱磷酸化状态。所以,磷酸化和脱磷酸化循环可以称为分子的“开-关”开关。
l.铂类药物,它含有铂,通过DNA分子链间和链内交联的形成能够抑制DNA合成;例如卡铂;顺铂;奥沙利铂;顺铂;赛特铂(satraplatin)和其它铂类药物,例如ZD0473、BBR3464。卡铂可以例如以其上市产品的形式给药,例如奥沙利铂以的形式给药。
li.蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂,包括PP1和PP2抑制剂以及酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制蛋白磷酸酶。PP1和PP2A抑制剂的实例包括斑蝥酸和/或斑蝥素。酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于L-P-溴代四咪唑草酸盐;2(5H)-呋喃酮,4-羟基-5-(羟基甲基)-3-(1-氧代十六烷基)-,(5R);和苄基磷酸。
本文中所用的术语“PP1或PP2抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制Ser/Thr蛋白磷酸酶的化合物。I型磷酸酶(包括PP1)可以被已知为抑制剂-1(I-1)和抑制剂-2(I-2)的两种热稳定蛋白抑制。它们优先在磷酸化酶激酶的亚单位上脱磷酸。II型磷酸酶可以细分为自发激活的(PP2A)、CA2+-依赖性(PP2B)和Mg2+-依赖性(PP2C)类别的磷酸酶。
本文中所用的术语“酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制酪氨酸磷酸酶的化合物。蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTPs)加入磷酸酶家族相对较晚。它们能够自蛋白的磷酸化酪氨酸残基上除去磷酸盐基团。PTPs具有多种结构特征,在细胞增殖、分化、细胞粘附和游动以及细胞骨架功能中起重要作用。酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肝素酶、PTPase和/或前列腺酸性磷酸酶。
lii.PKC抑制剂和PKCδ激酶抑制剂:本文中所用的术语“PKC抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制蛋白激酶C及其同功酶的化合物。蛋白激酶C(PKC)为普遍存在的、磷脂依赖性酶,它参与了与细胞增殖、分化和凋亡相关的信号转导。PKC抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于MAPK和/或NF-κB。PKC抑制剂的实例包括但不限于1-H-吡咯并-2,5-二酮,3-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1H-吲哚-3-基]-4-(1H-吲哚-3-基);双吲哚基顺丁烯二酰亚胺IX;神经鞘氨醇(sphingosine),也称为4-十八烯-1,3-二醇,2-氨基-,(2S,3R,4E)-(9CI);星孢菌素,也称为9,13-环氧基-1H,9H-二吲哚并[1,2,3-gh:3’,2’,1’-lm]吡咯并[3,4-j][1,7]苯并diazonin-1-酮,公开于例如EP0296110中的星孢菌素衍生物,如米哚妥林;2,3,10,11,12,13-六氢-10-甲氧基-9-甲基-11-(甲基氨基)-,(9S,10R,11R,13R)-(9CI);tyrphostin51;金丝桃素,也称为菲并[1,10,9,8-opqra]二萘嵌苯-7,14-二酮,1,3,4,6,8,13-六羟基-10,11-二甲基-,enzastaurin(LY317615)立体异构体,UCN-01,沙芬戈(safingol),BAY43-9006,苔藓虫素1(bryostatin1),哌立福新;伊莫福新;RO318220和RO320432;GO6976;Isis3521;LY333531/LY379196。本文中所用的术语“PKCδ激酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制PKC的δ同功酶的化合物。该δ同功酶为常规PKC同功酶,为Ca2+-依赖性同功酶。PKC δ激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于卡马拉素(Rottlerin),也称为2-丙烯-1-酮,1-[6-[(3-乙酰基-2,4,6-三羟基-5-甲基苯基)甲基]-5,7-二羟基-2,2-二甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-8-基]-3-苯基-,(2E)。
liii.多聚胺合成抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制多聚胺亚精胺;例如DMFO,也称为(-)-2-二氟甲基鸟氨酸(ornithin);N1,N12-二乙基亚精胺4HCl。多聚胺亚精胺和精胺对细胞的增殖是非常重要的,尽管它们的作用机制还不十分清楚。肿瘤细胞具有多聚胺改变的内平衡,生物合成酶活性增加和多聚胺蓄积增加反映了该内平衡改变。
liv.蛋白体抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制蛋白体,例如阿柔比星A;曲霉菌素;PS-341;MLN341;硼替佐米;万珂(velcade)。蛋白体抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于O(2)(-)-产生的NADPH氧化酶、NF-κB和/或法尼基转移酶、香叶基转移酶I。
lv.PTP1B抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制PTP1B,为一种蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;例如L-亮氨酰胺,N-[4-(2-羧基乙烯基)苯甲酰基]甘氨酰基-L-α-谷氨酰基-,(E)。
lvi.蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,包括SRC家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和JAK-2和/或JAK-3酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;
本文中所用的术语“蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制蛋白酪氨酸激酶的化合物。蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTKs)在细胞增殖、分化、代谢、转移和生存中起关键性作用。它们可以分类为受体PTKs和非受体PTKs。受体PTKs含有具有横跨膜区段的单一多聚肽链。该区段的细胞外末端含有高亲和力配体结合域,并且细胞质末端含有催化核心和调节序列。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于ERK1、ERK2、Bruton酪氨酸激酶(Btk)、JAK2、ERK 1/2、PDGFR和/或FLT3。间接靶点的实例包括但不限于TNFα、NO、PGE2、IRAK、iNOS、ICAM-1和/或E-选择蛋白。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于tyrphostin AG 126;tyrphostin Ag 1288;tyrphostin Ag 1295;格尔德霉素;和染料木素。
非受体酪氨酸激酶包括Src、Tec、JAK、Fes、Abl、FAK、Csk和Syk家族。它们位于细胞质和细胞核中。它们具有明确的激酶调节、底物磷酸化和作用机理。这些激酶的失控也与多种人类疾病有关。
本文中所用的术语“SRC家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制SRC的化合物。SRC家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于PP1,也称为1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-胺,1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-(1-萘基);和PP2,也称为1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-胺,3-(4-氯代苯基)-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)。
本文中所用的术语“Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制Syk的化合物。Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于Syk、STAT3和/或STAT5。Syk酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于piceatannol,也称为1,2-苯二醇,4-[(1E)-2-(3,5-二羟基苯基)乙烯基]。本文中所用的术语“Janus(JAK-2和/或JAK-3)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂”涉及能够靶向、降低或抑制janus酪氨酸激酶的化合物。Janus酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为抗白血病药物并具有抗血栓形成、抗过敏和免疫抑制性能。JAK-2和/或JAK-3酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点包括但不限于JAK2、JAK3、STAT3。JAK-2和/或JAK-3酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的间接靶点包括但不限于CDK2。JAK-2和/或JAK-3酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于Tyrphostin AG 490;和2-萘基乙烯基酮。
能够靶向、降低或抑制c-Abl家族成员及其基因融合产物的活性的化合物例如包括PD180970;AG957或NSC680410。
lvii.类维生素A;它能够靶向、降低或抑制类维生素A依赖性受体;例如异维甲酸、维甲酸、视黄酸、蓓萨罗丁,例如包括能够与DNA上的视磺酸响应成分相互作用的药物,例如异维甲酸(13-顺式-视磺酸)。
lviii.RNA聚合酶II延伸抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低或抑制胰岛素刺激的CHO细胞中的核液和胞液p70S6激酶;靶向、降低或抑制依赖于酪蛋白激酶II的RNA聚合酶II转录;靶向、降低或抑制牛卵母细胞中的胚泡破裂;例如5,6-二氯代-1-β-D-呋喃核糖基苯并咪唑。
lvix.丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂;它可以抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶;例如2-氨基嘌呤。丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于dsRNA-依赖性蛋白激酶(PKR)。丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂间接靶点的实例包括但不限于MCP-1、NF-kappaB、elF2α、COX2、RANTES、IL8、CYP2A5、IGF-1、CYP2B1、CYP2B2、CYP2H1、ALAS-1、HIF-1、促红细胞生成素和/或CYP1A1。
lx.甾醇生物合成抑制剂;它能够抑制甾醇(例如胆甾醇)的生物合成;例如terbinadine。甾醇生物合成抑制剂的靶点的实例包括但不限于角鲨烯环氧酶和CYP2D6。甾醇生物合成抑制剂的实例包括但不限于terbinadine。
lxi.拓扑异构酶抑制剂;包括拓扑异构酶I抑制剂和拓扑异构酶II抑制剂。拓扑异构酶I抑制剂的实例包括但不限于拓扑替康、吉马替康、伊立替康、喜树碱(camptothecan)及其类似物,9-硝基喜树碱和大分子喜树碱共轭物PNU-166148(WO9917804中的化合物A1);10-羟基喜树碱,例如其乙酸盐;依达比星,例如其盐酸;伊立替康,例如其盐酸盐;依托泊甙;替尼泊甙;拓扑替康,盐酸拓扑替康;多柔比星;表柔比星,盐酸表柔比星;4′-表柔比星;米托蒽醌,例如其盐酸盐;柔红霉素,盐酸柔红霉素;戊柔比星;达沙替尼(BMS-354825)。伊立替康可以例如以上市产品形式给药,例如,商标拓扑替康可以例如以上市产品形式给药,例如,商标本文中所用的术语“拓扑异构酶II抑制剂”包括但不限于蒽环类,例如多柔比星,包括脂质体制剂,例如柔红霉素,包括脂质体制剂,例如,表柔比星,依达比星和奈莫柔比星;蒽醌类,米托蒽醌和洛索蒽醌;鬼臼毒素类,依托泊甙和替尼泊甙。依托泊甙以上市;替尼泊甙以VM上市;多柔比星以或上市;表柔比星以上市;依达比星以上市;米托蒽醌以上市。
lxii.VEGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;它能够靶向、降低和/或抑制已知的参与正常和病理血管生成调节的血管生长因子和细胞活素。VEGF家族(VEGF-A、VEGF-B、VEGF-C、VEGF-D)及其相应的受体酪氨酸激酶[VEGFR-1(Flt-1)、VEGFR-2(Flk-1、KDR)和VEGFR-3(Flt-4)]在调节血管生成和淋巴管生成的多个方面中起到了极为重要的和必需的作用。VEGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括3-(4-二甲基氨基亚苄基)-2-二氢吲哚酮。能够靶向、降低和/或抑制VEGFR活性的化合物特别为能够抑制VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶、抑制VEGF受体或者与VEGF结合的化合物、蛋白质或抗体,特别为那些在WO9835958中一般和特别公开的化合物、蛋白质或抗体,例如1-(4-氯代苯胺基)-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)酞嗪或其可药用盐,例如琥珀酸盐,或在WO0009495、WO0027820、WO0059509、WO9811223、WO0027819和EP0769947中所公开的那些;例如在下列文献中所描述的那些:M.Prewett等Cancer Research 59(1999)5209-5218,F.Yuan等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,第93卷,第14765-14770页,1996年12月,Z.Zhu等Cancer Res.58,1998,3209-3214,J.Mordenti等Toxicologic Pathology,第27卷第1章,第14-21页,1999;WO0037502和WO9410202;血管抑素(Angiostatin),M.S.O′Reilly等描述于Cell 79,1994,315-328;血管内皮抑素(Endostatin),M.S.O′Reilly等描述于Cell 88,1997,277-285;邻氨基苯甲酰胺;ZD4190;ZD6474(凡德他尼(vandetanib));SU5416;SU6668,AZD2171或抗-VEGF抗体,例如抗-VEGF-α抗体,例如抗体tanibizumab或抗-VEGF受体抗体,例如RhuMab(贝伐单抗(bevacizumab),所谓抗体是指完整的单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、由至少2个完整抗体构成的多特异性抗体(multispecific antibodies)以及抗体片段,前提是它们具有需要的生物学活性。VEGF-R2抑制剂的实例例如包括阿西替尼。
lxiii.促性激素释放素激动剂,例如阿巴瑞克(abarelix)、戈舍瑞林、乙酸戈舍瑞林。
lxiv.能够诱导细胞分化进程的化合物,例如视黄酸,α-、γ-或8-生育酚或α-、γ-或8-生育三烯酚。
lxv.双膦酸盐类,例如包括etridonic acid,氯膦酸,替鲁膦酸,帕米膦酸,阿仑膦酸,伊班膦酸,利塞膦酸和唑来膦酸。
lxvi.肝素酶抑制剂,它能够防止硫酸类肝素的降解,例如PI-88。
lxvii.生物学响应调节剂,优选alymphokine或干扰素类,例如α-干扰素。
lxviii.末端酶抑制剂,例如telomestatin。
lxix.儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如恩他卡朋。
lxx:纺锤体驱动蛋白(KSP)抑制剂,例如ispinesib。
lxxii.生长激素-受体拮抗剂,例如培维索孟,非格司亭或聚乙二醇化非格司亭(pegfilgrastim)或α-干扰素。
lxxv.磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,例如阿那格雷
lxxvi.癌症疫苗,例如MDX-1379。
lxxvii.免疫抑制单克隆抗体,例如,白细胞受体的单克隆抗体或其配体:例如CD20,例如利妥昔单抗(rituximab)(与111In或90Y共轭的替伊莫单抗 131Itositumumabofatumumab(HuMax-CD20(R)),ocrelizumab,hA20(Immunomedics),CD22,例如依帕珠单抗(epratuzumab)、inotizumabozogamicin(CMC544)、CAT-3888,
CD3,例如visillzumab。
lxxviii.抗癌胚抗原(CEA)的抗体,例如lapetuzumab,例如lapetuzumab-钇90,KSB-303,MFECP1,MFE-23。
lxxix.与肿瘤生长和血管生成有关的多受体酪氨酸激酶的调节剂(例如抑制剂),例如舒尼替尼(SU11248)。
lxxxi.重组结合的分子,它含有至少一部分CTLA4或其突变体的细胞外域或抗-CLA4成分,例如包括与非-CTLA4蛋白序列(例如CTLA4Ig(例如称为ATCC68629)或其突变体)结合的CTLA4或其突变体的至少细胞外域,包括但不限于LEA29Y(belatacept);抗-CTLA4成分包括但不限于ipilimumab、ticilimumab。
lxxxii.αVβ3和αVβ5整联蛋白受体抑制剂,例如西仑吉肽
(cilengitide)(EMD121974)。
任选与抗癌药联合应用的抗癌治疗可以与放疗结合应用,例如包括DOTATATE治疗,例如Y90-DOTATATE治疗。
如果本发明化合物与其它药物联合给药,则在采用本发明化合物的情况下,联合给药的第二种药物的剂量当然取决于采用的联合药物的类型、采用的特定的药物、待治疗的疾病。通常,与第二种药物所提供的剂量相似的剂量是适当的。
本文中所述的本发明化合物的化学名称得自2.5版本的ISIS(AutoNom 2000 Name)。
当本文中引用专利申请时,其内容均引入本文中为参考,尤其是其中所述的化合物。
在下列实施例中,所有的温度均为摄氏度(℃)。
采用下列缩写:
DABCO 1,4-二氮杂-双环[2,2,2]辛烷
DIEA 二异丙基乙胺
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
EDC N-乙基,N′-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺
ETOH 乙醇
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
HOAt 1-羟基-7-氮杂-1,2,3-苯并三唑
LiHMDS 六甲基二硅氨化锂
rt 室温
TBME 叔丁基-甲基醚
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TMSI 三甲基甲硅烷基碘
制备实施例1
4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-2-基)-苯基]-酰胺(下面表1中实施例1化合物)
A)(3-硝基-苯基氨基)-乙酸乙酯
向溶于50ml DMF中的14.2mmol的3-硝基苯胺中加入35.5mmolK2CO3、催化量的18-冠-6和14.2mmol溴乙酸,将获得的混合物于60℃搅拌22小时。将获得的混合物用EtOAc稀释,用水和1N HCl萃取。将获得的有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂。获得(3-硝基-苯基氨基)-乙酸乙酯。
B)(3-硝基-苯基-N-(叔-丁基氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯
向25.7mmol叔丁醇和20ml CH2Cl2的混合物中加入10.3mmolClSO2NCO,将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌45分钟。于0℃,将获得的混合物缓慢加至5.14mmol(3-硝基-苯基氨基)-乙酸乙酯和15.4mmol三乙胺的50ml CH2Cl2混合物中,将获得的混合物于0℃搅拌2.5小时。将获得的混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,稀释液用HCl(0.1N)萃取。将获得的有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂。获得(3-硝基-苯基-N-(t-丁基氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯。
C)(3-硝基-苯基-N-(氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯的三氟乙酸盐形式
将5mmol(3-硝基-苯基-N-(t-丁基氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯溶于20ml90%TFA水溶液中,将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌1小时。将获得的混合物用二氧六环稀释,蒸发溶剂。获得(3-硝基-苯基-N-(氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯的三氟乙酸盐形式。
D)5-(3-硝基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮
将4.56mmol(3-硝基-苯基-N-(氨基磺酰基)氨基)-乙酸乙酯的三氟乙酸盐形式溶于50ml THF中,向获得的混合物中加入13.7mmolNaN[Si(CH3)3]2,将获得的混合物于室温下氩气中搅拌1.5小时。将获得的混合物用EtOAc稀释,获得的稀释液用1:1的1M HCl和盐水混合物萃取,将获得的有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂。获得5-(3-硝基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮。
E)5-(3-氨基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮
将3.32mmol5-(3-硝基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮溶于甲醇,向获得的混合物中加入1.18mmol Pd/C,反应烧瓶充入氢气。将反应混合物在氢气环境中搅拌5小时。将获得的混合物过滤除去催化剂。自滤液蒸发溶剂。获得5-(3-氨基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮。
F)4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-2-基)-苯
基]-酰胺
将1.06mmol4’-(辛氧基)-4-联苯基-甲酸、1.06mmol EDC和1.06mmolDIPEA加至0.53mmol5-(3-氨基-苯基)-1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-酮和0.11mmol HOAt的6ml DMF/甲苯-混合物中。将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌18小时,用EtOAc和甲苯稀释,获得沉淀物并过滤。获得4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-2-基)-苯基]-酰胺的固体形式。将获得的滤液用HCl(1M)和盐水洗涤,将有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂。获得另外的4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑-2-基)-苯基]-酰胺。
制备实施例2
{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸(下面表1中实施例2化合物)
A)(2-硝基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯
将1.02g硝基苄基溴和1.08ml亚磷酸三乙基酯的10ml甲苯混合物加热至回流12小时。自获得的混合物蒸发溶剂。获得(2-硝基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯。
B)(2-氨基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯
于室温、常压下,将1.13g(2-硝基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯的乙醇溶液用Pd-C催化剂氢化5小时。过滤除去催化剂,自获得的滤液中蒸发溶剂。获得(2-氨基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯。
C){2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯
将1g(2-氨基-苄基)-膦酸二乙酯、2g4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸、1.4mlEDC、0.9ml DIEA和100mg HOAt溶于30ml DMF中,将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌2天。将获得的混合物用EtOAc稀释,将获得的溶液用稀盐酸水溶液和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤。将获得的有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂。获得结晶形式的{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯,自异丙醇/水中重结晶。
D){2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸
将{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯溶于CH2Cl2,将获得的混合物采用三甲基甲硅烷基碘于0℃处理。将获得的混合物于0℃搅拌数小时,用甲苯稀释。自获得的混合物蒸发溶剂。将获得的蒸发残留物溶于1N NaOH溶液,用EtOAc洗涤,加入HCl,形成沉淀,收集获得的沉淀物。得到{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸。
制备实施例3
{2-[(4′-苄基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸(下面表1中实施例31化合物)和{2-[(4′-羟基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸(下面表1中实施例32化合物化合物)
将10mg[2-(4-溴-苯甲酰基氨基)-苄基]-膦酸和1.4当量4-苄氧基苯硼酸悬浮于DMF/水1:1中,加入K2CO3和1.4当量的催化剂(Pd(OAc)2),将获得的混合物通过微波照射于150℃加热10分钟。将获得的混合物用氨水稀释,上样于C-18RP柱上,用NH4OH(0.1%)/MeOH梯度洗脱。
获得为铵盐形式的2-[(4′-苄基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸和{2-[(4′-羟基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸。
制备实施例4
[2-({2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-羟基-膦酰基氧基)-乙基]-三甲基-铵,内盐(下面表1中实施例36化合物)
将40mg{2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸(制备实施例3化合物)溶于10ml吡啶中,加入111mg无水胆碱对-甲苯磺酸盐和2ml三氯乙腈。将获得的混合物于50℃搅拌76小时。自获得的混合物蒸发溶剂,将蒸发残留物经过RP-18色谱法处理(0.1%TFA-水/甲醇梯度洗脱)。获得[2-({2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-羟基-膦酰基氧基)-乙基]-三甲基-铵,内盐。
制备实施例5
2,2-二甲基-丙酸羟基-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酰基氧基甲酯(下面表1中实施例40化合物)
将50mg{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸(制备实施例2化合物)悬浮于10ml DMF中,向获得的悬浮液中加入145μL新戊酸氯代甲酯和70μL三乙胺以及催化量的碘化钠。将获得的混合物加热至65℃24小时,加入另外的新戊酸氯代甲酯和三乙胺(每份20当量)。将获得的混合物再加热46小时。将获得的混合物用DCM稀释,用HCl(0.1M)、NaHCO3(5%)和水(加入正-丁醇)萃取。自获得的有机相蒸发溶剂。获得为无色固体的2,2-二甲基-丙酸羟基-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦基氧基甲酯。
制备实施例6
(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表1中实施例41化合物)和(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表1中实施例11化合物)
将[二氟-(4-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯的EtOAc溶液采用10w/w%钯炭氢化。自获得的混合物滤除Pd/C,将获得的滤液蒸发至干。将获得的油状物再溶于CH2Cl2,在搅拌下用5当量的吡啶和1当量的4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氯处理。向获得的混合物中加入EtOAc,获得的混合物用NaHCO3萃取。自获得的有机相蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化。
获得为无色粉末的(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯和(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯。
制备实施例7
(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表1中实施例9化合物)
于室温下,向[(2-氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯NVP-VAV664的CH2Cl2溶液中加入5当量吡啶,随后加入1当量4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氯,将获得的混合物搅拌约10-20分钟。向获得的混合物中加入EtOAc,将获得的混合物用NaHCO3萃取。自获得的有机相蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化。获得为无色粉末的(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯。
制备实施例8
(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯(下面表1中实施例37化合物)
(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表2中实施例55化合物)和(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯(下面表2中实施例56化合物)
于室温下,将0.5ml 1M LiHMDS的THF溶液加至200mg(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯溶液中,向获得的混合物中加入0.1ml甲基碘的30ml THF溶液。将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌3小时,将其在EtOAc和1N HCl水溶液之间分配。分离有机相并干燥,加入重氮甲烷的醚制溶液直到呈现持久的黄色。蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经色谱纯化。
获得为无色粉末的(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯、(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯和(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯。
制备实施例9
(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯(下面表1中实施例12化合物)
于室温下,向(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯的THF溶液中加入1.5当量LiHMDS,将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌约24小时。将获得的混合物在EtOAc和1N HCl水溶液之间分配,获得的有机相用1N HCl水溶液洗涤,分离并蒸发至干。获得的蒸发残留物经反相色谱(RP-18)纯化。获得为浅黄色粉末的(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯。
制备实施例10
(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯(下面表1中实施例14化合物)
将(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯和约5-7当量的NaI在丙酮/乙腈中的溶液在微波反应器中加热至150℃,不超过40分钟。将获得的混合物在EtOAc和1N HCl水溶液之间分配,获得的有机相用1N HCl水溶液洗涤,分离并蒸发至干。
获得(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯。
制备实施例11
(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯(下面表2中实施例61化合物)
将(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表2中实施例59化合物)和约3-5当量DABCO在乙腈中的溶液在微波反应器中加热至150℃,不超过40分钟。将获得的混合物在EtOAc和1N HCl水溶液之间分配,自获得的混合物分离有机相,用1N HCl水溶液洗涤,蒸发至干。获得(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯。
制备实施例12
(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸(下面表2中实施例62化合物)
向冷却的(0-5℃)43mg(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯(下面表2中实施例58化合物)的4mlCH2Cl2溶液中加入9当量的TMSI,将获得的混合物于0-5℃搅拌,直到薄层色谱显示反应完全。将获得的混合物在1N HCl水溶液和EtOAc之间分配,分离有机层,干燥并蒸发溶剂。获得的蒸发残留物再悬浮于EtOAc,再次蒸发溶剂,重复后一个步骤数次,以除去源自TMSI的杂质。
获得为无色固体的(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸。
制备实施例13
(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯(下面表1中实施例47化合物)
将158mg(2-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯于室温下在15ml EtOH中采用10w/w%钯炭氢化。自获得的混合物滤除催化剂,在获得的滤液中将溶剂蒸发至干。获得浅橙色油状物,将其溶于15ml EtOAc和0.3ml吡啶中。向获得的混合物中加入190mg4′-正-辛基氧基-联苯基-羰基氯,搅拌反应混合物。为方便处理,将获得的混合物在饱和的NaHCO3水溶液和EtOAc之间分配,分离有机层,用盐水、1N HCl水溶液和盐水洗涤,在干燥的溶液中减压蒸发溶剂。将获得的固体溶解并经柱色谱纯化(硅胶,二氯甲烷:乙腈=3:1)。获得为无色固体的(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯。
制备实施例14
{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯(下面表1中实施例20化合物)
于室温下,向(2-氨基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯的EtOAc溶液中加入10当量的吡啶,随后加入1当量的4’-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氯(VAW132),将获得的混合物搅拌约25分钟。获得的混合物经水溶液处理(NaHCO3/EtOAc),将获得的有机相干燥,蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化。获得{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯。
中间体的制备
制备实施例A
[二氟-(2-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯和
1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(2-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯
下式化合物:
向8.5g锌粉的50ml DMF混悬液中加入5g(溴代二氟甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,随后加入约0.4ml三甲基甲硅烷基氯(锌激活)。产生放热反应,向混合物中加入另外的27g(溴代二氟甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,加入的速度应使得温度保持低于50℃。于室温下1小时后,向获得的混合物中一次性加入18gCu(I)Br。于室温下1小时后,向获得的混合物中加入溶于DMF的14.9g1-碘-2-硝基-苯,加入的速度应使得反应物不超过40℃。将获得的悬浮液于室温下搅拌15小时。将获得的混合物在水和TBME之间分配。获得的水相用TBME萃取,将合并的有机相干燥。自获得的混合物蒸发溶剂,获得微褐色油状物,将其经柱色谱纯化(硅胶,甲苯:乙酸乙酯=3.2-1:1)。获得为黄色油状物的[二氟-(2-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯(MS MNa+332)和1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(2-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯(MS MNa+382)。
根据制备实施例1中所述的相似方法,但是采用1-碘-3-硝基苯代替1-碘-2-硝基-苯作为原料,获得化合物二氟-(3-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯(MS MNa+332)和[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(3-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯(MSMNa+382)。
根据制备实施例1中所述的相似方法,但是采用1-碘-4-硝基苯代替1-碘-2-硝基-苯作为原料,获得化合物[二氟-(4-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯(MS MNa+332)和[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(4-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯(MSMNa+382)。
制备实施例B
[(2-氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯NVP-VAV664
下式化合物:
将二氟-(3-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯的EtOH溶液采用10w/w%钯炭氢化。氢化后,自获得的混合物滤除Pd/C,蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化。获得为无色油状物的[(2-氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯。MS MNa+302。
根据制备实施例B中所述的相似方法,获得下列化合物:
[(2-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
[二氟-(2-羟基氨基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
[(3-氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
[(3-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
[2-(3-氨基-苯基)-1,1,2,2-四氟-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
和
[2-(3-乙基氨基-苯基)-1,1,2,2-四氟-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
例如下式
MS MNa+380.
制备实施例C
乙炔基-膦酸二乙酯
将50ml0.5M乙炔基-溴化镁的THF溶液加至冷却的氯磷酸二乙酯溶液中,加入的速度应使得温度不超过8℃。将获得的混合物于5℃保持30分钟,于室温下搅拌2小时。酸处理后,经柱色谱纯化(硅胶,甲苯:乙酸乙酯=1:1)。获得为无色油状物的乙炔基-膦酸二乙酯。MS:MNa+185。
制备实施例D
(2-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯
向300mg乙炔基-膦酸二乙酯、494mg1-碘-2-硝基苯和0.28ml二-异丙基胺的15ml THF溶液中顺序加入43mg二-(三苯基膦)-钯(II)-二氯化物和12mg碘化铜(I),将获得的混合物回流约2小时。酸处理(1N HCl水溶液和EtOAc)后,经柱色谱纯化。获得为浅褐色油状物的(2-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯。
根据制备实施例D中所述的相似方法,但是采用1-碘-3-硝基苯代替1-碘-2-硝基苯,获得下式化合物(3-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯:
(MNa+306)。
制备实施例E
4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氯
将20g4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸悬浮于140ml CH2Cl2中,向获得的悬浮液中加入23ml亚硫酰氯和催化量的DMF。将获得的混合物于室温下搅拌21小时。获得澄清的溶液,将其用50ml甲苯稀释,将稀释的混合物减压浓缩。将获得的浓缩的溶液(约50ml)再次用50ml甲苯稀释,蒸发至干。获得为结晶形式的4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基氯。
制备实施例F
(2-硝基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯
将3.9g乙酸铜(II)加至5g1-碘-2-硝基苯和5g亚磷酸三乙基酯的20ml乙醇溶液中。将获得的混合物回流24小时,冷却至室温,在EtOAc和半饱和的NaCl水溶液之间分配。将获得的有机层干燥,蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化(硅胶,甲苯:乙腈=3:1)。获得为橙色油状物的(2-硝基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯。MS:MNa+282
制备实施例G
(2-氨基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯
将(2-硝基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯的甲醇溶液经10w/w%钯炭氢化。自获得的混合物滤除Pd/C,自获得的滤液蒸发溶剂,蒸发残留物经柱色谱纯化。获得为无色油状物的(2-氨基-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯。MS:MNa+252
根据前面制备实施例中所述的相似方法,但是采用适当的原料(中间体)获得下式化合物:
其中R1和X如下面表1所示,具有如下面表1中“数据”项下所定义的特征数据。表1中的特征数据为1HNMR数据或质谱数据(MS)。
在实施例1-37、39、40、42、43、45和46-52的化合物中,X1为氢;在实施例38、41和44中,X1为下式基团:
在实施例2-6、9、12、18-20、29-32、34-37、39、40、42、46、47和49的化合物中,R1连接到苯环的2位上。
在实施例1、7、10、13、21-24、27、28、43、45、48、50和53的化合物中,R1连接到苯环的3位上。
在实施例8、11、14-17、25、26、33、38、41、44、48a、51和52的化合物中,R1连接到苯环的4位上。
表1
表1中实施例1-53化合物的化学结构也可以通过1H-NMR和/或13C-NMR数据确证。
根据前面制备实施例中所述的相似方法,但是采用适当的原料(中间体)获得下式化合物:
其中R1和X如下面表2所示,具有如下面表2中“数据”项下所定义的特征数据。表2中的特征数据为质谱数据(MS)。
实施例54化合物中,A为乙基,在表2的所有其它化合物中,A为甲基。
在实施例55、56和63中,R1位于苯环的2位。
在实施例54、59-61和64中,R1位于苯环的3位。
在实施例57、58和62中,R1位于苯环的4位。
表2
表2中实施例54-64化合物的化学结构也可以通过1H-NMR和/或13C-NMR数据确证。
Claims (14)
1.下式化合物:
其中:
A为氢或(C1-4)烷基,
R1为基团Y-R2,
Y不存在,或者为(C1-4)亚烷基,该亚烷基任选被卤素取代,
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH),或为下式基团:
X为下式基团:
环A为(C5-12)亚环烷基、(C5-12)亚环烯基或亚苯基,并且
环B为未取代的(C5-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基或(C6-12)芳基,
或者被R5取代的(C5-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基或(C6-12)芳基,其中:
R5为卤素、卤代(C1-4)烷基、卤代(C1-4)烷氧基、羧基、硝基、氨基、含磷基团、含硫基团或除了CO基团外含有1-12个碳原子的酰基或酰氧基,或者
R5为基团-ZR6,其中
Z不存在,或者为NH、O或S,并且
如果Z存在,则R6为氢,或者
无论Z存在与否,R6均为,例如:
(C3-12)环烷基、(C5-12)环烯基、(C6-12)芳基或杂环基,包括芳族和脂族杂环基,所述杂环基含有3-12个环成员,例如5或6个环成员,以及1-4个选自N、O或S的杂原子,或者
(C1-22)烷基,例如(C1-12)烷基;(C2-22)链烯基,例如(C2-12)链烯基;或(C2-22)炔基,例如C2-12)炔基;所述烷基、链烯基或炔基为未取代的或被(C6-12)芳基取代,或者
式I化合物的前药,它是其中R2为磷酸酯或磷酰胺(酰胺化物)基团的式I化合物,任选以盐形式存在,其中磷酸酯或酰胺(酰胺化物)基团为可以水解的基团,或者,
式I化合物的前药,它是其中酰胺基团的氮被能够水解的基团取代的式I化合物。
3.权利要求1或2中任一项的式I化合物,其中A为氢。
4.权利要求1或2中任一项的式I化合物,其中A为(C1-4)烷基。
5.为下式化合物的式I化合物:
其中R1为基团Y-R2或-Y-R2’,
Y不存在,或者为-CH2-、-CF2-或-CF2-CF2-,
R2为-P(O)(OH)(OH);或者
R2为下式基团:
R’2为-P(O)(OR3)(OR4),其中R3和R4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,并且其中R3和R4中至少一个为(C1-4)烷基,或者
R’2为-P(O)(OR’3)(OR’4),其中R’3和R’4彼此独立为氢或(C1-4)烷基,其中烷基被(C1-6)烷基羰氧基取代,其中R’3和R’4中至少一个不为氢;或者
R’2为-P(O-)(O)(O-CH2-CH2-N+(C(CH3)3),
X为下式基团:
环A为未取代的亚苯基或亚金刚烷基,并且
环B为苯基,该苯基为未取代的或被己基、癸基、羟基、甲氧基、例如正-丁氧基的丁氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、癸氧基或苄氧基取代,并且
X1为氢或下式基团:
其中环A和环B如上文所定义,
前提是:
X1不为氢,或R1为-Y-R2’,或者
X1不为氢并且R1为-Y-R2’,
并且前提是当R2为下式基团时:
则R1为-Y-R2’。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的化合物,所述化合物选自下列化合物:
1.4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-甲酸[3-(1,1,4-三氧代-1λ*6*-[1,2,5]噻二唑烷-2-基)-苯基]-酰胺,
2.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
3.{2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
4.{2-[(3-苯基-金刚烷-1-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
5.{2-[(4′-甲氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
6.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
7.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
8.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
9.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
10.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
11.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
12.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
13.(二氟-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
14.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
15.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
16.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸单乙酯,
17.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
18.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
19.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
20.{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
21.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
22.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
23.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
24.[3-(4-庚基氧基-苯甲酰基氨基)-苯基]-膦酸,
25.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸单乙酯,
26.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸二乙酯,
27.3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
28.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸单乙酯,
29.{2-[(4′-癸基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯,
30.{2-[(4′-癸基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
31.{2-[(4′-苄基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
32.{2-[(4′-羟基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
33.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
34.{2-[(联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
35.{2-[(4′-丁氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸,
36.[2-({2-[(4′-己基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-羟基-膦酰基氧基)-乙基]-三甲基-铵,
37.(二氟-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
38.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
39.2,2-二甲基-丙酸羟基-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酰基氧基甲酯,
40.2,2-二甲基-丙酸(2,2-二甲基-丙酰氧基甲氧基)-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酰基氧基甲酯,
41.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
42.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
43.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
44.(二氟-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰氧基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
45.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
46.(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸
47.(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
48.(2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
48a.(2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸二乙酯,
49.(2-{2-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
50.(2-{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
51.(2-{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-乙基)-膦酸,
52.{4-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-膦酸,
53.{3-[(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苄基}-膦酸二乙酯.
54.({2-[乙基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-二氟-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
55.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
56.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
57.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
58.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
59.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸二乙酯,
60.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸乙酯甲酯,
61.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸单乙酯,
62.(二氟-{4-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,
63.(二氟-{2-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸,和
64.(二氟-{3-[甲基-(4′-辛基氧基-联苯基-4-羰基)-氨基]-苯基}-甲基)-膦酸。
7.为盐形式的权利要求1-6中任一项的化合物。
8.用作药物的权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物。
9.药用组合物,该药用组合物含有权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物以及至少一种药用赋形剂。
10.治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病的方法,该治疗包括给予需要此类治疗的患者有效量的权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物。
11.用于生产治疗由神经磷脂酶(aSMase)活性介导的疾病的药物的权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物。
12.权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合。
13.权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物与至少一种第二种药物的组合,用于权利要求8、10或11任一项中的用途。
14.选自下列的化合物:
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(2-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[二氟-(3-硝基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(3-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(4-硝基-苯基)-乙基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[(2-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[二氟-(2-羟基氨基-苯基)-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,
[(3-乙基氨基-苯基)-二氟-甲基]-膦酸二乙酯,和
(3-硝基-苯基乙炔基)-膦酸二乙酯。
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EP (1) | EP2057173B1 (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2007287819A1 (zh) |
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US9040525B2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2015-05-26 | Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Cyclic amide derivative |
WO2012147516A1 (ja) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 持田製薬株式会社 | 環状アミド誘導体 |
CA2880896C (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2021-11-16 | Del Mar Pharmaceuticals | Methods for treating tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor-resistant malignancies in patients with genetic polymorphisms or ahi1 dysregulations or mutations employing dianhydrogalactitol, diacetyldianhydrogalactitol, dibromodulcitol, or analogs or derivatives thereof |
WO2014070859A1 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center And Research Institute, Inc. | Stat3 dimerization inhibitors |
US11491154B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2022-11-08 | Dennis M. Brown | Therapeutic benefit of suboptimally administered chemical compounds |
BR102013031043B1 (pt) * | 2013-12-02 | 2018-03-13 | Fundação Butantan | Uso de compostos químicos capazes de inibir a ação tóxica das esfingomielinases d do veneno de aranhas loxosceles e composição farmacêutica compreendendo os referidos compostos |
DE102015201148B4 (de) * | 2015-01-23 | 2021-08-05 | Universität Leipzig | Verwendung von Phenylphosphaten und deren Prodrugs als Arzneimittel in der Krebstherapie |
WO2018200571A1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | Arbutus Biopharma Corporation | Substituted 2,3-dihydro-1h-indene analogs and methods using same |
US12083118B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2024-09-10 | Arbutus Biopharma Corporation | Substituted 1,1′-biphenyl compounds, analogues thereof, and methods using same |
WO2023043257A1 (ko) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-23 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | Smpd1 조절제를 유효성분으로 함유하는 골관절염 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 |
CN115645398B (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-11-03 | 中国药科大学 | 一种asm直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用 |
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FR2736914B1 (fr) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-08-22 | Adir | Nouveaux derives d'acide aminophenylphosphonique, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent |
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JP2000302793A (ja) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-10-31 | Ono Pharmaceut Co Ltd | ホスホン酸誘導体 |
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JP2010501500A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
US8119617B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
KR20090042270A (ko) | 2009-04-29 |
MX2009001933A (es) | 2009-03-06 |
ES2463490T3 (es) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2057173A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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