CN115645398B - 一种asm直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种asm直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种ASM直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用。本发明发现,与阳性药物辛伐他汀相比,式(I)所示的化合物表现出类似或稍好的抗动脉粥样硬化活性。式(I)所示的化合物以剂量依赖的方式降低因炎症上调的细胞因子,具有良好的抗炎活性,其抗动脉粥样硬化活性可能部分归因于这种作用。因此,式(I)所示的化合物能够被用于制备治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于小分子化合物领域,涉及一种ASM直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用。
背景技术
动脉粥样硬化(其英文名,简称AS)是一种危害人类健康的慢性心血管疾病,其受累动脉病变从内膜发生脂质和复合糖类沉积开始,伴随平滑肌细胞和纤维基质的增生,并逐渐形成动脉粥样硬化斑块。在心脏中,动脉粥样硬化斑块引起冠状动脉狭窄,从而引起心肌梗塞和心力衰竭;在大脑中,动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂会导致短暂性脑缺血、缺血性脑中风或出血性脑中风;在四肢的其他动脉分支上,动脉粥样硬化可导致周围动脉阻塞疾病和严重肢体缺血。
虽然国内外许多学者已经提出关于AS发病机制的不同学说,如脂质渗入学说、巨噬细胞受体缺失假说、炎性反应学说、氧化应激学说、致平滑肌突变学说、损伤应答学说、血流动力学学说及免疫学说等,但任何一种学说均不能全面地解释AS的发生发展。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,炎症机制、脂质机制、氧化应激机制是解释AS发生发展较为全面的三个理论机制。1、炎症机制:AS被认为是一种慢性炎性疾病。炎症是AS发生发展过程中的主要特征之一,参与血管单核细胞浸润、斑块形成、斑块破裂、血栓形成等各个发展阶段。2、脂质机制:在AS研究中,国内外学者一致认同体内多种脂蛋白如高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)等在AS整个发病过程中起着非常关键性的作用。3、氧化应激机制:体内异常氧化应激主要通过两个方面促进AS的发生发展。一方面,活性氧(ROS)直接作用于细胞内的大分子物质,氧化LDL生成Ox-LDL,加剧AS发展。另一方面,ROS及其氧化产物本身可以作为功能性信号分子,激活相应的血管内皮细胞信号通路,诱导细胞凋亡、血管炎症、血管钙化等变化,从而影响血管的正常结构和功能。
临床应用的抗动脉粥样硬化药物主要有调血脂药、抗氧化药、多烯脂肪酸类及保护动脉内皮药等。目前AS治疗药物仍以调节血脂为主,如降低LDL-胆固醇及甘油三酯和升高HDL-胆固醇等;常用的调血脂药主要有他汀类、贝特类、胆酸结合树脂类、烟酸等,现在临床上的多种治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物,存在副作用和疗效不佳的缺陷。
鞘磷脂酶(Sphingomyelinase,SMase)是一种作用于鞘磷脂的水解酶,分为酸性鞘磷脂酶、中性鞘磷脂酶和碱性鞘磷脂酶,其中酸性鞘磷脂酶(Acid Sphingomyelinase,ASM)最为重要,其生物学功能占鞘磷脂酶总活性的90%;酸性鞘磷脂酶催化的鞘磷脂水解过程是体内生成神经酰胺(Ceramides,Cers)最快最主要的途径,是病理状态下Cers的主要来源。
鉴于AS发病机制的复杂,单一机制的抗AS药物仍然存在一定的局限性。随着对AS发病机制的深入探讨,开发能够同时针对调节血脂、抗氧化、抗炎等多个病理环节,从而抑制泡沫细胞的形成,延缓斑块的发生和发展,起到抗动脉粥样硬化作用的新型治疗药物具有重要临床和科学意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种ASM直接抑制剂在制备抗动脉粥样硬化药物中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的药用组合物。
本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现:
式(I)所示的化合物在制备治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物中的应用,式(I)所示的化合物结构如下所示:
一种用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的药用组合物,以所述的式(I)所示的化合物作为有效成分。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述的药用组合物还含有将式(I)所示的化合物制备成药物制剂的药用辅料。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述的药物制剂的剂型选自溶液剂、冻干剂、固体口服制剂。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述的溶液剂选自注射剂。
作为本发明的一种优选,所述的固体口服制剂选自片剂、胶囊剂。
有益效果:
本发明发现,与阳性药物辛伐他汀相比,式(I)所示的化合物表现出类似或稍好的抗动脉粥样硬化活性。式(I)所示的化合物以剂量依赖的方式降低因炎症上调的细胞因子,具有良好的抗炎活性,其抗动脉粥样硬化活性可能部分归因于这种作用。因此,式(I)所示的化合物能够被用于制备治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物。
附图说明
图1化合物4i的体内抗动脉粥样硬化作用。对照,溶剂。阳性对照,辛伐他汀,20mg/kg。A、主动脉弓。B、油红O染色的主动脉。C、主动脉中染色脂质面积的百分比。数值表示为ApoE-/-小鼠5个独立实验的平均值±SD。*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
图2血浆中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和氧化型低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Ox-LDL-C)。对照,溶剂。阳性对照,辛伐他汀,20mg/kg。数值表示为5个独立体内实验的平均值±SD。*p<0.05,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
图3化合物4i的体外抗炎作用。用ELISA法检测IL-6和TNF-α的表达,表示为4个独立实验的平均值。通过实时PCR测定相对MCP-1水平,并表示为两个独立实验的平均log10值。通过实时PCR测定相对IL-6水平,表示为3个独立实验的平均值。*p<0.05,**p<0.01。***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中化合物4i指代式(I)所示的化合物。
实施例1化合物4i的制备
1、4-((4-溴苯氧基)甲基)苄腈(4-((4-bromophenoxy)methyl)benzonitrile,2a)
取1.18g(7.78mmol)4-氰基苄氯于100mL茄形瓶中,加入15mL乙醇溶解,加入K2CO33.22g(23.3mmol),KI 1.29mg(0.01mmol),最后加入1.35g(7.78mmol)4-溴苯酚,回流。回流5h,TLC监测直至反应结束。冷却至室温,抽滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤3次,滤液旋蒸后得到2a粗品,EA/PE体系重结晶纯化得到白色固体产物1.6g,收率84.7%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.13(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.98(s,2H)。
2、3-(4-(((4-溴苯氧基)甲基)苯基)-1,2,4-恶二唑-5-羧酸乙酯(ethyl 3-(4-((4-bromophenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate,4a)
取300mg(1.23mmol)中间体2a溶于10mL乙醇中,向反应瓶中依次加入257mg(3.7mmol)盐酸羟胺,517mg(6.15mmol)碳酸氢钠,回流。反应2h,TLC监测反应完毕后,过滤,滤饼用乙醇洗涤3次,滤液旋干,真空干燥后得到中间体3a。将中间体3a溶于无水四氢呋喃中,加入150mg(1.48mmol)三乙胺,室温搅拌。将0.16mL(1.48mmol)草酰氯单乙酯用恒压滴液漏斗将其缓慢滴加到反应瓶中,滴加完毕后,室温搅拌30min,过滤,滤液升温至回流。反应12h,TLC监测反应结束。冷却至室温,反应液制砂,硅胶柱层析纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1)后得到白色固体产物4a 300mg,收率68%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.71-7.62(m,2H),7.53-7.36(m,4H),6.65-6.55(m,2H),4.91(s,2H),4.50(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。
3、3-(4-((4-溴苯氧基)甲基)苯基)-N-羟基-1,2,4-恶二唑-5-羧酰胺(3-(4-((4-Bromophenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-N-hydroxy-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide,4i)
取300mg(0.84mmol)中间体4a于50mL的茄形瓶中,加入4.8mL羟胺钾的甲醇溶液,5mL甲醇,室温搅拌。反应2h,TLC监测反应完毕,向反应液中加人稀HCl溶液,析出大量白色固体,抽滤,滤饼用10%HCl洗涤2-3次,滤饼干燥后,PE/EA体系重结晶得到130mg白色固体产物,收率48%。M.P.181-182℃.1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.32(s,1H),9.93(s,1H),8.07-8.05(m,2H),7.67-7.64(m,2H),7.48-7.45(m,2H),7.02-6.99(m,2H),5.21(s,2H).13C-NMR(75MHz,DMSO-d6):δ168.21,157.86,141.33,132.66,128.74,127.84,125.37,117.58,112.82,69.27.ESI-MS m/z:390.1[M+H]+。
实施例2
体内动物实验:所有研究都是按照机构动物护理和使用委员会批准的动物使用协议进行。ApoE-/-小鼠购自北京HFK生物科技有限公司(中国北京)。给小鼠高脂饮食8周,建立动脉粥样硬化病理模型。当主动脉中形成斑块时,小鼠被随机分为对照组、阳性组和给药组,每组5只小鼠。将化合物溶解在5%二甲基亚砜/5%Solutol/生理盐水(V/V/V)中,并分别以不同剂量(6、12和40mg/kg)每天连续腹腔注射(ip)两次。对照组给予溶媒。辛伐他汀(20mg/kg)作为阳性药物。8周后,分离主动脉弓并拍照以观察脂质积聚,解剖主动脉并用油红O染色。用Image Pro Plus软件量化染色区域。血浆在-80℃下收集和储存。采用ELISA法测定血浆TG、TC、LDL、Ox-LDL、HDL和神经酰胺水平。
(1)化合物4i的体内抗动脉粥样硬化作用
如图1A所示,对照组小鼠的主动脉弓发生明显的脂质积聚,而服用辛伐他汀或ASM抑制剂化合物4i可明显降低这种异常变化。此外,相比于阳性组和低剂量组,中剂量组和高剂量组更为显著地减少了脂质斑块。将各组小鼠的主动脉弓进行解剖,并用油红O染色(图1B)。结果显示,经化合物4i治疗后,斑块面积显著减少,并且显示出剂量依赖性。此外,与阳性药物辛伐他汀相比,化合物4i表现出类似或稍好的抗动脉粥样硬化活性。
(2)化合物4i对血脂的影响
化合物4i对血脂的影响如图2所示。辛伐他汀显著降低了小鼠的血浆总胆固醇(TC),略微降低了甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),但不影响氧化型低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Ox-LDL-C)的水平。相反,4i对TC和TG的水平无影响,且与辛伐他汀有显著差异。化合物4i也造成小鼠的LDL-C略有下降,但没有发现显著差异。这些结果表明,ASM抑制剂的抗动脉粥样硬化活性机制不同于调脂剂辛伐他汀。有趣的是,高浓度的4i导致Ox-LDL-C下降。这可能与ASM参与动脉粥样硬化的氧化应激有关。
实施例3
ASM与动脉粥样硬化过程中炎症细胞因子的表达密切相关。因此,为了进一步探讨其抗动脉粥样硬化作用的机制,在体外验证了4i的抗炎作用。人HUVECS细胞保存在补充有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,温度为37℃,二氧化碳浓度为5%。细胞以每孔5*105~6个细胞接种在12孔板中,并培养过夜。向每个孔中添加浓度为1μg/mL的LPS。2h后将抑制剂加入细胞培养中,再培养22h,用ELISA法测定IL-6或TNF-α的水平。重复实验,提取RNA。RNA用于逆转录和RT-PCR分析。
如图3所示,LPS用于诱导HUVEC细胞的炎症反应,并明显导致IL-6、TNF-α的高表达。化合物4i以剂量依赖的方式降低上调的细胞因子。5μM剂量使IL-6和TNF-α恢复到正常水平。此外,我们使用另一种诱导剂Ox-LDL来诱导炎症,并通过实时PCR(RT-PCR)测定相对mRNA的表达。模型组MCP-1和IL-6的表达显著增加(图3)。给予5μM 4i导致MCP-1mRNA下降。此外,4i可以将IL-6mRNA恢复到正常水平。这些结果表明,ASM抑制剂具有良好的抗炎活性,其抗动脉粥样硬化活性可能部分归因于这种作用。
Claims (6)
1.式(I)所示的化合物在制备治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物中的应用,其特征在于式(I)所示的化合物结构如下所示:
2.一种用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的药用组合物,其特征在于以权利要求1中所述的式(I)所示的化合物作为有效成分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药用组合物,其特征在于所述的药用组合物还含有将式(I)所示的化合物制备成药物制剂的药用辅料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药用组合物,其特征在于所述的药物制剂的剂型选自溶液剂、冻干剂、固体口服制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药用组合物,其特征在于所述的溶液剂选自注射剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的药用组合物,其特征在于所述的固体口服制剂选自片剂、胶囊剂。
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