CN101473904B - 一种罗非鱼饲料配方 - Google Patents
一种罗非鱼饲料配方 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101473904B CN101473904B CN200910036756A CN200910036756A CN101473904B CN 101473904 B CN101473904 B CN 101473904B CN 200910036756 A CN200910036756 A CN 200910036756A CN 200910036756 A CN200910036756 A CN 200910036756A CN 101473904 B CN101473904 B CN 101473904B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- tilapia
- protein
- dregs
- carbohydrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridoxal Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VJDRZAPMMKFJEA-JEDNCBNOSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O VJDRZAPMMKFJEA-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710089042 Demethyl-4-deoxygadusol synthase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002079 calcium pantothenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003581 pyridoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008164 pyridoxal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011674 pyridoxal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 6
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 229940046414 biotin 1 mg Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940019142 folic acid 5 mg Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940068244 inositol 500 mg Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940104757 vitamin E 50 mg Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 20
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2s)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O ASARMUCNOOHMLO-WLORSUFZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 0.05 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-MBNYWOFBSA-N 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种罗非鱼饲料配方。该饲料的营养组分的重量百分数为：粗蛋白25％-30％，粗脂肪3％-5％，灰分7％-9％，碳水化合物40％-55％，水分9％-11％。本发明的饲料配方提高碳水化合物的含量，降低了蛋白含量，具有节约蛋白原料、降低饲料成本、减轻污染的作用。经过长期饲养实验结果表明，采用本配方生产的饲料适口性好，饲养罗非鱼取得较好的生长效果。与高蛋白含量的饲料比较，本发明的低蛋白高碳水化合物型罗非鱼饲料可取得相当的生长效果和更优的饲料效率；与同等蛋白脂肪水平的饲料相比，本发明的罗非鱼饲料取得更好的生长效果、更高蛋白转化效率和更低的氨氮排放量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高碳水化合物罗非鱼饲料配方。
背景技术
罗非鱼广泛分布于非洲大陆及中东大西洋沿岸咸淡水水域中，是非洲淡水和咸淡水水域中的主要经济鱼类。由于具有生长快、养殖周期短、食性广、饵料要求低、病害少、对环境适应性强、群体繁殖力强等优点，是良好的养殖对象，并被其它国家和地区广泛引进。目前，我国已成为世界上最大的罗非鱼养殖生产以及出口国家；据统计，2007年我国罗非鱼产量为113万吨，同年世界罗非鱼产量约为260万吨。罗非鱼已成为我国(尤其南方)主要的淡水养殖品种之一，是主产区农产品出口创汇的主打产品之一，也是广大农户增产增收的主要经济来源，具有广阔的市场前景。
罗非鱼对蛋白的需求量为25％-40％左右，可有效地利用各种植物性原料。罗非鱼对碳水化合物的利用根据其复杂程度而异，能比较好地利用淀粉，适宜量为25％-35％。随着近年来全球性能源及粮食资源价格的持续飙升，饲料蛋白原料的价格也不断攀高，使得饲料生产企业和养殖生产者的成本不断增加、收益下降，这很大程度地制约了罗非鱼产业的发展壮大。而且饲料中蛋白原料含量过高，在造成饲料蛋白转化率偏低、资源浪费的同时也引起养殖水体中氨氮含量过高等环境污染问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种能有效地减少饲料蛋白原料使用量，而且对罗非鱼生长和饲料效率未造成不良影响的高碳水化合物罗非鱼饲料配方。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种罗非鱼饲料配方，由如下重量百分数的营养成分组成：
粗蛋白25％-30％，粗脂肪3％-5％，灰分7％-9％，碳水化合物40％-55％，水分9％-11％。
本发明的配方技术，通过提高饲料中碳水化合物的含量水平而减少蛋白原料的添加量，并保证饲料中蛋白、脂肪、灰分等物质的含量水平满足罗非鱼的最佳生长需求。
本发明的配方技术对原料不做特别限定，只要添加各种原料后饲料中的营养成份能满足上述比例即可。其原料添加优选为：蛋白源原料60-70重量％，脂肪源原料2-5重量％，糖源原料25-35重量％，维生素0.4-1重量％和矿物盐1-1.5％重量；所述的蛋白源原料为豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、米糠粕、DDGS、鱼粉及结晶氨基酸(包括L-Met、L-Lysinesulphate和L-Thr等)中的一种或几种的混合物；所述脂肪源原料为豆油或磷脂或其混合物；所述糖源原料为面粉或玉米粉或其混合物。
在上述饲料配方中，所述维生素包括硫胺素、核黄素、吡哆醛、尼克酸、泛酸钙、生物素、叶酸、肌醇、维生素E、维生素A、维生素B12、胆碱、维C磷酸酯、维生素K3和维生素D3。所述矿物盐包括Zn、Mn、I、Fe和Cu盐。
磷含量通过在饲料中添加磷酸二氢钙来补充磷元素。
与现有技术相比，本发明的罗非鱼饲料配方技术具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明的饲料配方降低了蛋白含量，提高了碳水化合物的含量。节约蛋白原料、降低饲料成本、减轻污染。经过长期饲养实验结果表明，本配方技术下的饲料适口性好，用本配方生产的饲料饲养罗非鱼取得较好的生长效果。与高蛋白含量的饲料比较，本发明的低蛋白高碳水化合物型罗非鱼饲料可取得相当的生长效果和更优的饲料效率；与同等蛋白脂肪水平的饲料相比，本发明的罗非鱼饲料取得更好的生长效果、蛋白转化效率高和更低的氨氮排放量。
2.从饲料原料来源可以看出，本发明的配方技术较多地采用了易被罗非鱼消化吸收且价格较低的植物性原料，有效地减少了动物性原料的使用，减少动物资源的浪费，植物性原料具有更强的可再生能力。
3.从饲料原料多样性可以看出，本发明的配方技术采用添加多种蛋白原料克服了单一蛋白源氨基酸不平衡的问题，有利于提高饲料利用率，降低氨氮排放，减少环境污染。
4.高碳水化合物罗非鱼饲料的成功研制是目前饲料配方技术的一大突破，实为罗非鱼饲料开发新思路。高碳水化合物罗非鱼饲料不单符合经济利益，也符合环境生态利益的要求，将成为未来罗非鱼饲料配方技术发展的一大趋势。
具体实施方式
实施例1：以表1所示配方1配制饲料(0％豆粕，32.7％面粉)，饲养约5.2g的吉富罗非鱼64天。实验结束后，该组罗非鱼均重为46.3g，增重率(WG)815.1％，特定生长率(SGR，％d-1)3.69，各项参数均与高蛋白低淀粉型饲料(34％CP(粗蛋白含量)组(24％的豆粕，9.9％的面粉)以及32％CP组(16％的豆粕，17.9％的面粉))无显著性差异。配方1的蛋白质效率为2.36略高于34％CP组的2.28以及32％CP组的2.34，但无显著性差异。
实施例2：以表1所示配方2配制饲料(8％豆粕，25.2％面粉)，饲养约5.2g的吉富罗非鱼64天。实验结束后，该组罗非鱼均重为54.7g，增重率(WG)951.6％，特定生长率(SGR，％d-1)3.92，饲料系数为1.34，各项参数均与34％CP组(24％的豆粕，9.5％的面粉)无显著性差异；且配方2的蛋白质效率略高于34％CP组，但无显著性差异。配方2的各项参数都略优于32％CP组(16％的豆粕，17.1％的面粉)，但均无显著性差异。
实施例3：以表1所示配方3配制饲料(8％鱼粉，15％豆粕，27.1％玉米粉)，饲养约9.2g的奥杂罗非鱼64天。实验结束后，该组罗非鱼均重为63.8g，增重率(WG)589.5％，特定生长率(SGR，％d-1)3.45，饲料系数为1.28，各项参数均显著优于等蛋白等脂肪的低淀粉型饲料(8％鱼粉，15％豆粕，12％玉米淀粉)。
特定生长率SGR(％d-1)＝100×(ln终末均重-ln初始均重)/实验天数
增重率WG(％)＝(终均重-初均重)×100/初均重
成活率SR(％)＝实验结束时剩鱼尾数×100/实验开始时放鱼尾数
饲料系数(FCR)＝饲料投喂量/(终末体重-初始体重)
蛋白质效率(PER)＝(终末体重-初始体重)/蛋白质投喂量
表1 各实施例饲料配方及营养成分分析
注：a，所述的复合维生素(mg/kg饲料)：硫胺素(B1)，20；核黄素(B2)，20，吡哆醛(B6)，10；尼克酸(B3)，10；泛酸钙(B5)，50；生物素(H)，1；叶酸，5；肌醇，500；维生素E，50；维生素A，2；维生素B12，0.02；维生素K3，10；维生素D3，0.05，胆碱，2000；维C磷酸酯，1000；纤维素作为填充载体。
b，所述的复合矿物盐(mg/kg饲料)：ZnSO4·7H2O，525.46；MnSO4·H2O，49.22；KI，5.23；FeSO4·7H2O，238.83；MgSO4·7H2O，4061.5；CuSO4·5H2O，11.82；CoCl2·6H2O，0.2；KCl，600；NaCl，400；纤维素作为填充载体。
Claims (1)
1.一种罗非鱼饲料，其特征在于：
每100g原料由菜粕20g，棉粕16g，米糠粕15g，DDGS 10g，面粉32.7g，豆油1g，磷脂1g，复合维生素0.5g，复合矿物盐0.6g，磷酸二氢钙1.5g，L-Met 0.4g，L-Lysine sulphate 1g，L-Thr 0.3g组成；营养成分重量百分数为：粗蛋白25.3％，粗脂肪3.2％，灰分7.9％，碳水化合物54.2％，水分9.4％，饲养5.2g吉富罗非鱼；
或每100g原料由豆粕8g，菜粕20g，棉粕16g，米糠粕15g，DDGS 10g，面粉25.2g，豆油1g，磷脂1g，复合维生素0.5g，复合矿物盐0.6g，磷酸二氢钙1.5g，L-Met 0.3g，L-Lysinesulphate 0.7g，L-Thr 0.2g组成；营养成分重量百分数为：粗蛋白27.1％，粗脂肪3.8％，灰分8.3％，碳水化合物51.6％，水分9.2％，饲养5.2g吉富罗非鱼；
或每100g原料由鱼粉8g，豆粕15g，菜粕20g，棉粕15g，米糠粕10g，玉米粉27.1g，豆油1g，磷脂1g，复合维生素0.5g，复合矿物盐0.6g，磷酸二氢钙1.5g，L-Met 0.3g组成；营养成分重量百分数为：粗蛋白29.5％，粗脂肪4.3％，灰分8.7％，碳水化合物47.2％，水分10.3％，饲养9.2g奥杂罗非鱼；
所述复合维生素中各成分的用量为每千克饲料中含有硫胺素20mg、核黄素20mg、吡哆醛10mg、尼克酸10mg、泛酸钙50mg、生物素1mg、叶酸5mg、肌醇500mg、维生素E 50mg、维生素A 2mg、维生素B12 0.02mg、维生素K3 10mg、维生素D3 0.05mg、胆碱2000mg、维C磷酸酯1000mg、纤维素作为填充载体；
所述的复合矿物盐中各成分的用量为每千克饲料中含有ZnSO4·7H2O 525.46mg、MnSO4·H2O 49.22mg、KI 5.23mg、FeSO4·7H2O 238.83mg、MgSO4·7H2O 4061.5mg、CuSO4·5H2O11.82mg、CoCl2·6H2O 0.2mg、KCl 600mg、NaCl 400mg、纤维素作为填充载体。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910036756A CN101473904B (zh) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 一种罗非鱼饲料配方 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910036756A CN101473904B (zh) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 一种罗非鱼饲料配方 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101473904A CN101473904A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
| CN101473904B true CN101473904B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
Family
ID=40834766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910036756A Expired - Fee Related CN101473904B (zh) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 一种罗非鱼饲料配方 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101473904B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822329A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-09-08 | 肇庆超凡生物科技有限公司 | 一种以棉籽粕、菜籽粕为主要蛋白原料的罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN101828655B (zh) * | 2010-05-10 | 2012-12-12 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 一种低鱼粉罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN101971928B (zh) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-11-09 | 广州市番禺区大川饲料有限公司 | 一种具有预防罗非鱼链球菌病功能的人工配合饲料 |
| CN101971935A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-02-16 | 茂名市茂南三高渔业发展有限公司 | 罗非鱼开口饵料 |
| CN101984848B (zh) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-08-22 | 百洋水产集团股份有限公司 | 罗非鱼越冬饲料 |
| CN102106474B (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-12-12 | 百洋水产集团股份有限公司 | 一种环保型罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN102178105B (zh) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-07-04 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | 一种石斑鱼环保软颗粒饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN103750030A (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-30 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种提高罗非鱼幼鱼抗无乳链球菌能力的营养强化饲料 |
| CN103798542B (zh) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-05-04 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种氨基酸模式平衡罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN104171488A (zh) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-12-03 | 通威股份有限公司 | 提高吉富罗非鱼亲鱼繁殖力的配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN104256208A (zh) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-01-07 | 哈尔滨金玉科技开发有限公司 | 一种罗非鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN104543506A (zh) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | 一种低污染的鱼虾饲料 |
| CN104799015A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-07-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种罗非鱼促生长、抗氨氮应激的饲料添加剂 |
| CN104996829A (zh) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 通威股份有限公司 | 一种高温期罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN105230986A (zh) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-13 | 广东汇海农牧科技集团有限公司 | 一种绿色健康罗非鱼饲料 |
| CN106071415A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-11-09 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | 一种降脂、促生长的罗非鱼配合饲料 |
-
2009
- 2009-01-19 CN CN200910036756A patent/CN101473904B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 常青等.罗非鱼的营养和饲料.《饲料工业》.2002,第23卷(第9期),36-38. * |
| 林仕梅等.实用饲料中添加结晶蛋氨酸对罗非鱼生长、体组成的影响.《水生生物学报》.2008,第32卷(第5期),741-749. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101473904A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101473904B (zh) | 一种罗非鱼饲料配方 | |
| CN102132784B (zh) | 一种黄颡鱼幼鱼配合饲料 | |
| CN102813089B (zh) | 一种罗非鱼养成后期高效配合饲料及制备方法 | |
| CN109845918A (zh) | 一种加州鲈低鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN101642197B (zh) | 一种喂养暗纹东方鲀的饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN104605207A (zh) | 一种鲤鱼养殖的饲料组合投喂方法 | |
| CN101632417B (zh) | 一种南美白对虾配合饲料 | |
| CN101810261A (zh) | 一种草鱼配合饲料 | |
| CN102860427A (zh) | 一种添加浒苔制备刺参膨化饲料的方法 | |
| CN104855681A (zh) | 一种太阳鱼繁殖期膨化配合饲料 | |
| CN108669358B (zh) | 一种改善健康、促生长的含虫粉生鱼配合饲料 | |
| CN108782959A (zh) | 一种环保型鲫鱼低蛋高脂配合饲料 | |
| CN103749961B (zh) | 一种饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN101715892B (zh) | 一种改良肉质的猪用复合预混料 | |
| CN102960556B (zh) | 以浒苔为主要原料的刺参幼参饲料和制备方法及投喂方法 | |
| Yimer et al. | Effects of Feed Additives (Premix) on Growth Performance of Oreochromis niloticus (L, 1758) in Concrete Pond, Sebeta Ethiopia | |
| CN108850725A (zh) | 一种诱食性好的环保型海鲈膨化饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103445018B (zh) | 虹鳟稚鱼浮性膨化颗粒配合饲料 | |
| CN108850683A (zh) | 一种卵形鲳鲹低鱼粉配合饲料 | |
| CN102771679A (zh) | 软颗粒的大黄鱼中成鱼配合饲料 | |
| El Shaer | Halophytes as cash crops for animal feeds in arid and semi-arid regions | |
| CN104738354B (zh) | 一种美国红鱼配合饲料 | |
| CN106071359B (zh) | 一种石斑鱼低鱼粉环境友好型膨化饲料 | |
| CN105495058A (zh) | 一种淡水鱼营养饲料 | |
| CN103330086A (zh) | 一种河蟹幼苗饲料及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20121010 Termination date: 20140119 |