CN101448911B - 用含有极性官能团的树脂制成的摩擦材料 - Google Patents
用含有极性官能团的树脂制成的摩擦材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有用至少一种树脂浸渍的基底材料的摩擦材料,该树脂具有与润滑剂中的添加剂相互作用的至少一种类型的官能团。在优选的实施方案中,这种树脂是一种羟基或醛改性的酚醛树脂。在与相同的摩擦改性添加剂或类似的模拟化合物相比时,这种改性树脂对于摩擦改性添加剂的吸附热或相互作用能量大于非改性的酚醛树脂的吸附热。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用具有可与润滑剂相互作用的至少一种官能团的树脂制成的摩擦材料。这些基团对自动传动系流体内的极性组分或芳香族组分具有亲和力并与这些组分相互作用以影响润滑剂膜的组成和结构。该相互作用的程度可通过一种探针分子和该树脂的吸附热的测量来量化,这种探针分子代表流体组分。
背景技术
汽车工业一直在开发具有连续滑动扭矩变换器和换档离合器的新式高级自动传动系统。这些新式系统的开发受到对燃料效率的改进的需求的推动。因此,还必须开发摩擦材料技术以满足这些高级系统的日益增长的要求。
具体地说,由于减小了离合器界面的尺寸以降低重量,所以这种摩擦材料必须能够在比目前的传动系更加严格的环境中发挥作用。在这种环境中,通常必须提高施加的压力以保持扭矩能力,因而增加了摩擦界面内的能量密度并同时提高了界面温度。因此,正在设计更新式的传动系以在更热的环境中运行,从而将应力加在摩擦元件和传动流体上。界面环境中的这种变化可导致包含在所述润滑剂中的摩擦改性剂系统的早期退化,从而降低用于吸附到摩擦表面上的可供使用的浓度。此外,这些传动设计的变化已产生了对随着速度的降低而增加的摩擦(负μ-v斜度)更敏感的系统。
酚醛树脂被作为用于离合器和制动用途的摩擦材料中的经济的浸渍剂。酚醛树脂增加该摩擦材料的强度和刚性并在湿系统中对润滑剂环境呈惰性。然而,这些树脂具有不同的限制,最值得注意的是当使用足够的浓度以增加强度时,材料的刚性对于应用而言可能变得太大或太脆。在一些高能摩擦材料中,这种酚醛树脂也是热稳定性最小的组分。近年来一直在对酚醛树脂进行多种改性以应对这些限制,包括用诸如桐油、亚麻子油、腰果壳油、三聚氰氨、环氧树脂、不同的橡胶、金属、硼、耐高温氧化物和最近的纳米微粒1的部分(moiety)对酚醛树脂的改性。在一些情况下,这种酚醛树脂可由另一种热固浸渍树脂所替代。在所有这些专利和其他出版物中所陈述的优点均针对树脂的机械性能或树脂的热耐久性的改进。
然而,酚醛树脂还有另一种限制,这种限制被广泛地认识到但并没有在任何现有技术中进行处理;酚醛树脂几乎没有表现出表面活性。将酚醛树脂结合在摩擦复合物中尽管有必要,但降低了所述润滑剂与摩擦材料的非树脂组分之间的相互作用。随着树脂水平提高,摩擦特征尤其是负μ-v斜度变差。为了克服这种限制,我们已发明了多种树脂,这些树脂结合了至少一种官能团以增加所述酚醛树脂的表面活性并提高摩擦性能。目前没有现有技术提出具有至少一种官能团的酚醛树脂可用于提供一种改进的产品。
发明内容
本发明涉及用具有至少一种官能团的树脂制成的摩擦材料。这种官能团可以是极性的、离子的、富电子或缺电子的部分,但必须与润滑剂中的添加剂具有亲和力。此类目前可得到的新式或改性树脂为吸附润滑剂摩擦改性剂提供了活性部位。这种吸附影响摩擦改性剂表面对溶液的平衡,并相应地影响μ-v斜度和摩擦系数。摩擦改性剂的吸附伴随着能量的释放,被称为相互作用能或吸附热,且可对其直接进行测量以量化这种吸附程度。吸附程度与这种树脂与润滑剂中的添加剂的亲和力有着直接的关系。利用诸如流动-微热量计(FMC)2这样的装置对这些吸附热进行测量。该技术已充分确立3。
用根据本发明改性的树脂制成的摩擦材料表现出与润滑油添加剂的更强的相互作用或更高的吸附热。对树脂进行的类似改性可允许与同样对性能有影响的金属表面的相互作用。
酚醛树脂由于其高热稳定性和低成本而用在摩擦材料中。然而,这种树脂表面并不吸附润滑油添加剂且不能很好地键合到一些摩擦材料组分上。出现这些问题的原因在于酚醛树脂具有化学惰性且并不与其他材料或极性化合物相互作用。使用更极性的树脂如用极性的、离子的、富电子或缺电子的部分改性的酚醛树脂会使表面更有利于键合和添加剂的吸附。此外,表面极性的增加可使材料与金属表面强烈地相互作用,因此增加动态和静态的摩擦系数。或者在饱和之前对这些树脂进行化学改性以使改性程度最大化,或者在饱和之后对这些树脂进行化学改性以将这些改性集中在摩擦材料的表面上。
本发明涵盖的摩擦材料的一个实例是醛基改性的酚醛树脂。该实例中,在将这种树脂结合到所述摩擦材料复合物中之后通过在酚醛树脂环上未起反应的邻位和对位将醛基直接键合到固化的树脂上。这些醛基的密度介于材料重量的2.5%至3%之间,且链长为6个碳碳键。这种改性导致材料吸附摩擦改性剂的能力的增强。在这种情况下,最终摩擦材料复合物的亲和力增加10倍。
附图说明
图1是测量树脂与润滑剂组分的亲和力的流动-微热量计方法的示意图。
图2示出了用常规的酚醛树脂浸渍时摩擦材料与润滑剂组分的亲和力的降低。
图3对常规的酚醛树脂与润滑剂组分的亲和力和设计为带有极性官能团的树脂的亲和力进行比较。
图4在用具有极性官能团的代表性树脂替代常规的酚醛树脂时对摩擦材料与润滑剂组分的亲和力的改进进行比较。
图5示出了在用醛改性的树脂替代常规的酚醛树脂时测得的摩擦材料对润滑剂组分的亲和力增加10倍。
图6对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点进行比较。
图7对表示在用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线进行比较。
图8对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点进行比较。
图9对表示用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线进行比较。
图10对用树脂B(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点进行的比较。
图11对表示用树脂B(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线进行比较。
图12对用树脂C(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有110mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点进行比较。
图13对表示用树脂C(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有110mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线进行比较。
图14是表示了吸附增加和改性程度的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明传授了这种树脂的极性和化学结构如何影响μ-v形状和静态系数。含有对润滑油添加剂具有亲和力的官能团的树脂或改性树脂提供了超过常规摩擦树脂的添加剂与摩擦材料表面的相互作用的提高。树脂的这种设计影响了在摩擦界面中添加剂吸附的平衡并因此而优化了摩擦参数。测量增加的添加剂亲和力的一种便利的方法是使用FMC3。图1示出FMC技术如何操作的示意图。将一种固化的树脂引入采样室。然后使代表润滑剂中的添加剂的探针分子的溶液在这种树脂上流过。若树脂对探针分子具有亲和力,则在探针分子被吸附到树脂表面上时生成热量。吸附热的量值与树脂与润滑油添加剂的亲和力有着直接的关系。FMC理论和操作的细节在文献3中进行了讨论。本项工作的大部分,在非极性溶剂如庚烷中使用0.2%的癸胺溶液。然而,其他浓度、探针分子和溶剂是可接受的并已经使用。
已知酚醛树脂对摩擦系数特征具有不利影响。不饱和摩擦材料对润滑油添加剂具有高亲和力。然而,一旦用酚醛树脂浸渍,这种亲和力就大大降低。这一点在图2中示出。FMC测量表明纯酚醛树脂对润滑油添加剂绝对没有亲和力(零吸附热)。
我们的理念是将酚醛树脂改性,这样通过向酚醛树脂中加入活性树脂使其含有活性基团,这些活性树脂促进添加剂吸附并因此改进的μ-v特征。图3将常规的酚醛树脂与设计为含有极性基团的树脂的吸附热进行比较。在将这些树脂结合到摩擦材料中时,所产生的复合物对润滑油添加剂的亲和力大于用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相应的复合物。图4中示出一个代表性实例。
我们的改性考虑到了处理水平(所需的活性部位的数量)、活性基团的结构(如何接近界面)和每个部位的化学活性。前面所提及的醛改性树脂的使用将这种材料与润滑剂的亲和力提高10倍。该数据在图5中示出。
本发明在一个方面涉及一种摩擦材料,这种摩擦材料包括基底材料,这种基底材料用一种树脂浸渍,这种树脂具有至少一种类型的官能团。在优选的实施例中,这种树脂包括具有至少一种功能极性基团的酚醛树脂单体;例如一种具有大量表面羟基的酚醛树脂,这些表面羟基通过烃链直接键合到酚环上。这种链的长度和结构以及这些基团的密度可以变化,以使这种改性树脂在其表面上具有与极性分子相互作用的足够的反应活性部位。本专利中涵盖的改性的实例有醛、胺、醇、酯、酮、卤化物、酸类、酸酐类和金属盐。在这些改性中还可包括烷烃、烯烃、芳族的以及支链的和交联的结构。
为了实现上述要求,制备了许多改性树脂并对与润滑油添加剂的亲和力进行测量。此外,对用这些树脂制成的摩擦材料在类似于运行过程中所遇到的条件下的摩擦进行评估。将可商购的摩擦材料用作对照物。
这些改性树脂包括结合了一种或多种高度极性官能团的有机化合物。这些极性官能团包括酸官能度、醇官能度、酮官能度、醛官能度或酯链。
材料类别的具体实例如下:
这些酸是含有酸官能度的聚合物。它们包括羧酸,例如用丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、柠康酸和反丁烯二酸构成的那些酸。
醇是如聚乙烯醇这样的材料。
酮类包括一个酮基团,它使诸如乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物这样的材料具有水溶性。
醛类在化学上非常类似于酮类,具有位于链端而不是在链中的双键氧。位于侧链上的醛官能度会提高任何聚合物在水性介质中的溶解性。
酯类具有酯官能度,如聚乙酸乙烯酯。
可通过结合含酸单体将酸官能度结合在树脂中。有用的含酸单体包括具有羧酸官能度的那些单体,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、反丁烯二酸、柠康酸、甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙基酯等。可以使用多种多样的单体或单体的混合物来制成改性树脂。例如,丙烯酸酯单体,包括丙烯酸甲脂、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯等。
本发明进一步提供一种摩擦材料,其中浸渍摩擦材料的树脂表面可供用于二次化学改性。
可以包括已知在制备树脂混合物和制备纤维基底材料中有用的其他成分和加工助剂,并且它们是在本发明的考虑的范围之内。
图1。测量树脂对润滑剂组分的亲和力(吸附热)的流动-微热量计技术的示意图。
图2。在用常规的酚醛树脂浸渍时摩擦材料对润滑剂组分的亲和力的降低。
图3。对常规的酚醛树脂与设计为带有极性官能团的树脂对润滑剂组分的亲和力的比较。
图4。在用具有极性官能团的代表性树脂替代常规的酚醛树脂时摩擦材料对润滑剂组分的亲和力的改进的比较。
图6。对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点的比较。
图7。对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中显示摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线的比较。
图8。对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点进行比较。
图9。对用树脂A(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中显示摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线的比较。
图10。对用树脂B(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点的比较。
图11。对用树脂B(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的低能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中显示摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线的比较。
图12。对用树脂C(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有110mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料的摩擦系数的动态中点的比较。
图13。对用树脂C(一种酚醛树脂,对这种酚醛树脂进行改性以含有具有110mJ/g的表面亲和力的羟基)制成的中等能量摩擦材料与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的相同的摩擦材料在换档接合过程中显示摩擦系数随着时间的变化的扭矩迹线的比较。
基底材料
不同的基底材料可用在本发明的摩擦材料中,包括例如非石棉纤维基底材料,它们包括例如织物材料、编织和/或非编织材料。适合的纤维基底材料包括例如纤维和填料。这些纤维可以是有机纤维、无机纤维和碳纤维。有机纤维可以是芳族聚酰胺纤维,如有原纤维组织的和/或无原纤维组织的芳族聚酰胺纤维、丙烯酸纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、聚酰胺纤维、棉纤维/纤维素纤维等。这些填料可以是如硅石、硅藻土、石墨、氧化铝、腰果粉末等。硅石填料如硅藻土尤为有用。然而,设想其他类型的填料也适于在本发明中使用,且填料的选择取决于摩擦材料的特定要求。
在其他的实施方案中,基底材料可包含纤维编织材料、纤维非编织材料和复合材料。此外,许多BorgWarner美国专利中公开了在本发明中有用的不同类型的纤维基底材料的实例。然而,应理解,本发明的其他实施方案还可包括不同的纤维基底材料。
实例
以下实例提供了发明的摩擦材料提供了超过常规摩擦材料的改进的进一步证据。试验结果表明这些改性树脂对摩擦系数具有所希望的影响。对于这些改性树脂的吸附热大大高于非改性树脂。下面的实例中描述了本发明的各种优选的实施方案,然而,这些优选实施方案并非旨在限制本发明的范围。
替代未经改性的酚醛树脂作为浸渍剂,本发明提供了用酚醛树脂浸渍的摩擦材料,这种酚醛树脂在摩擦材料配方中具有极性官能基团。
实例1
用树脂A饱和的低能量摩擦材料:经改性而含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)的羟基的一种酚醛树脂。将这种树脂结合到摩擦复合物中并进行摩擦水平和摩擦μ-v特征试验。将摩擦特征与用常规的酚醛树脂饱和的相同的摩擦材料的那些摩擦特征进行对比。对于用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的中点动态摩擦系数的图表于图6中示出。图7中示出取自磨合周期的扭矩迹线的图表的表示用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的改进的μ-v特征。在这两种情形中均有对常规的树脂系统的改进。
实例2
一种用树脂A饱和的中等能量摩擦材料:经改性而含有具有100mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)的羟基的一种酚醛树脂。将这种树脂结合到摩擦复合物中并进行摩擦水平和摩擦μ-v特征试验。将摩擦特征与用常规的酚醛树脂饱和的相同的摩擦材料的那些摩擦特征进行对比。图8示出对于用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的中点动态摩擦系数的图表。图9示出取自磨合周期的扭矩迹线图表的表示用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的改进的μ-v特征。在这两种情形中均有对常规的树脂系统的改进。
实例3
用树脂B饱和的低能量摩擦材料:经改性而含有具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)的羟基的一种酚醛树脂。将这种树脂结合到摩擦复合物中并进行摩擦水平和摩擦μ-v特征试验。将摩擦特征与用常规的酚醛树脂饱和的相同的摩擦材料的那些摩擦特征进行对比。图10示出对于用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的中点动态摩擦系数的图表。图11示出取自磨合周期的扭矩迹线图表的表示用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的改进的μ-v特征。在这两种情形中均有对常规的树脂系统的改进。
实例4
一种用树脂C饱和的中等能量摩擦材料:经改性而含有具有110mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)的羟基的一种酚醛树脂。将这种树脂结合到摩擦复合物中并进行摩擦水平和摩擦μ-v特征试验。将摩擦特征与用常规的酚醛树脂饱和的相同的摩擦材料的那些摩擦特征进行对比。图12示出对于用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的中点动态摩擦系数的图表。图13中示出取自磨合周期的扭矩迹线图表的表示用树脂A制成的材料和用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料的改进的μ-v特征。在这两种情形中均有对常规的树脂系统的改进。
实例5
树脂D是一种经改性而含有极性基团的酚醛树脂,其中,由大于10个碳-碳单元的一个碳链将这种极性基团连接到酚醛树脂主链聚合物上,这种树脂具有240mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)。在结合到低能量摩擦材料中时,最终的复合物表显示出与用常规的酚醛树脂制成的材料相比与润滑油添加剂的亲和力的几乎2倍的增长(126mJ/g至220mJ/g)。
实例6
树脂E是一种经改性而含有极性基团的酚醛树脂,其中,由大于10个碳-碳单元的一个碳链将这种极性基团连接到酚醛树脂主链聚合物上,这种树脂具有200mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)。
实例7
树脂F是一种经改性而含有醛基的酚醛树脂,这种树脂具有3400mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)。这里,在将这种树脂结合到摩擦材料复合物中之后通过酚醛树脂环上的未反应的邻位和对位的位置将醛基直接键合到固化的树脂上。醛基的密度介于材料重量的2.5%至3%之间,且链长为6个碳-碳键。
实例8
一种可商购树脂,这种树脂尽管含有某些酚醛树脂官能度但它并不是酚醛树脂,并具有3800mJ/g的表面亲和力(对于0.2%的癸胺的吸附热)。
工业实用性
本发明可用作与离合器片、传动带、制动瓦、同步环、摩擦盘或系统片一起使用的高能量摩擦材料。以上对本发明的优选实施方案和替代实施方案的说明旨在是示意性的而并非旨在对以下权利要求的范围和内容进行限制。
参考文献
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2.为了本项工作我们使用了一台Microscal Model3流动-微热量计。
3.Groszek,J.J.,Lubric.Sci.Technol.,1966,9,67。
Claims (20)
1.一种摩擦材料,包括用组合物浸渍的基底材料,该组合物包括至少一种类型的酚醛树脂,该酚醛树脂具有至少一种类型的表面活性官能团,其中该表面活性官能团是在该树脂固化后被化学键合到该树脂上的,其中该酚醛树脂包括大量表面羟基,这些表面羟基通过烃链直接键合到酚醛树脂环上,且其中在用代表包含在润滑剂中的添加剂的极性分子进行探测时,所述组合物在固化后具有可测量的吸附热,且其中所述表面活性官能团包括选自羟基、醛、胺、醇、酯、酮、卤化物、酸、酸酐、金属盐、烷烃或烯烃基团中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,当该探针分子是在非极性溶剂中的介于0.01%至10%之间的浓度时,利用标准的流动-微热量计可测量该吸附热。
3.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,用羟基将该酚醛树脂改性。
4.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,键合到酚环上的官能团是醛基团。
5.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该烃链具有改变的基团长度和密度,这样该酚醛树脂具有与极性分子的适当的相互作用。
6.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该官能团是离子或极性官能团。
7.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该官能团是酸。
8.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该官能团是醇。
9.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该官能团是酮。
10.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该官能团是酯。
11.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该基底材料是编织纤维材料。
12.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该基底材料包括从5%至75%的棉纤维、从5%至75%的芳族聚酰胺纤维和从5%至75%的碳纤维。
13.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该基底材料具有0.5至200μm的平均孔径。
14.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该基底材料包括按重量计5%至75%的较低原纤化的芳族聚酰胺纤维、按重量计5%至75%的棉纤维、按重量计5%至75%的碳纤维和按重量计5%至75%的填料。
15.如权利要求1所述的处于离合器面层形式的摩擦元件。
16.如权利要求1所述的处于制动蹄衬层形式的摩擦元件。
17.如权利要求1所述的处于同步器形式的摩擦元件。
18.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该链的长度和这些基团的密度被改变以使该酚醛树脂与极性分子具有适当的相互作用。
19.如权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,该链的长度是介于3至90个碳之间。
20.一种摩擦材料,包括基底材料,该基底材料浸渍了至少一种阻燃材料,该阻燃材料使该基底材料的外表面更有极性并提高该摩擦材料的添加剂吸附性,其中该阻燃材料包括N-羟甲基磷酸酯,且该N-羟甲基磷酸酯在固体基础上以35%至40%存在。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090048369A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
CN101448911A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
JP2009531524A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
EP2011143A4 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
WO2007126970A2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
WO2007126970A3 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
EP2011143A2 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
KR20080112308A (ko) | 2008-12-24 |
EP2011143B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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