CN101448012B - 具有ip能力分区的数据存储设备 - Google Patents

具有ip能力分区的数据存储设备 Download PDF

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CN101448012B
CN101448012B CN2008101664447A CN200810166444A CN101448012B CN 101448012 B CN101448012 B CN 101448012B CN 2008101664447 A CN2008101664447 A CN 2008101664447A CN 200810166444 A CN200810166444 A CN 200810166444A CN 101448012 B CN101448012 B CN 101448012B
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C·弗兰克
T·路德维格
T·哈南
W·巴比特
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Zetera Corp
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Abstract

一个存储设备(300)具有由各不相同的IP地址(IP1、IP2、IP3、IP4、IP5、IP7、IP9)单独寻址的分区(310A、310B、310C、320A、320B、320C、330)。这将允许能用IP通信的任何其它设备以同层间传送的方式直接访问这些分区(310A、310B、310C、320A、320B、320C、330)。优选的存储设备支持同一设备各分区之间或之中的跨越以及不同存储设备之间或之中的跨越。对多播跨越和代理跨越都进行了考虑。对本发明存储设备的相互组合、与采用现有技术的存储设备的组合、各种各样的镜像配置以及其它配置都曾加以斟酌。本发明的其它方面还包括：一个特定的存储设备可包括一种或者多种媒介，包括旋转和非旋转媒介、磁性和光学媒介及以上各种媒介的组合。

Description

具有IP能力分区的数据存储设备
本申请是申请日为2002年12月16日、申请号为02829871.3、发明名称为“具有IP能力分区的数据存储设备”的发明专利申请的分案申请。 
本申请要求美国临时申请号60/425867专利申请的权益，现将其全文引用于下供参照。 
技术领域
本发明的领域为数据存储设备。 
背景技术
在电子学领域中有个在实际上(即在地理上)将功能分解并且代之以依靠联网的资源的倾向。尤其值得注意的是可在分组通信网络(例如英特网)上提供的资源。除了被传送的数据外，分组中还包含标头信息，例如分组中所含数据的类型(即：HTML、声频、ASCII等)以及源节点和终端节点信息等。标头信息允许对错误进行验证，并为相距甚远的设备提供经由分组交换网络(例如：英特网)的路由径。标头信息还允许完全不相干的设备相互通信联络，例如让时钟收音两用机与计算机相互通信联络。最近发表的美国专利申请第20020031086号(Welin，2002年3月14日)谈到“计算机、英特网电话、会说话的玩具、家用电器，例如冰箱、微波炉、面包烘烤机、饮料搅拌机、电动咖啡壶、洗衣机、烘干机、电动扫地机、恒温控制器、电灯开关、电灯、风扇、窗帘与遮阳窗帘控制电机、保安监护设备、防盗动作监视器、时钟、收音机、网络视频摄像机、电视机、数码电话留言机、空调机、取暖与热水锅炉、中央空调设备”等等之间的连接。 
与存储设备的通信联络并没有跟上这股资源分解的潮流。磁盘的访问一直是由一个磁盘操作系统(例如DOS〔磁盘操作系统〕，或者微 
Figure G2008101664447D00011
视)进行控制。遗憾的是，把一个操作系统置于所有计算设备设计构思的中心造成了对此类操作系统的依赖性，结果往往是操作系统越来越大，越来越复杂。在今天，许多的电子设备，从个人数字助理到手机、数字照相机、游戏机，体积都越来越小，越来越便于携带， 对大型操作系统的依赖已经成为一项累赘。解决方案之一是提供一项大幅度精简的操作系统，大大压缩操作系统臃肿的内务开销需求。微 
Figure G2008101664447D00021
Figure G2008101664447D00022
是一个例子。但这项解决方案牺牲了较大系统所拥有的相当一部份功能。 
我们所需要乃是一种可以由多种其它设备直接访问，而不必通过操作系统的存储设备。 
发明内容
在本发明中，一个存储设备具有由不同IP地址分别寻址的分区。这将允许能用IP通信的任何其它设备以同层间传送的方式直接访问这些分区。这样就消除了对存储设备访问的多种限制，包括地理上的限制、以及某个特定存储分区必须置于单一的操作系统集中控制之下等等的限制。 
优选的存储设备支持同一设备各分区之间或之中的跨越，以及不同存储设备之间或之中的跨越。对多播(multicast)跨越和代理跨越都进行了考虑。 
对本发明存储设备的相互组合，与采用现有技术的存储设备的组合、各种各样的镜像配置以及其它配置都曾加以斟酌。 
发明的其它方面还包括：一个特定的存储设备可包括一种或多种媒介，包括旋转和非旋转媒介、磁性和光学媒介及以上各种媒介的组合。随着以下本发明的优选实施例的详尽描述以及所附的插图，本发明的各项目的、特点、方面和优点将变得更为明显。 
附图说明
图1所示为划分成多个分区，但整个存储器用同一个单一的IP地址访问现有技术磁盘驱动器的示意图。 
图2所示为现有技术存储系统的示意图，其中三个磁盘驱动器用三个不同的IP地址按整个磁盘方式寻址。 
图3所示为多个分区由不同的IP地址单独寻址的存储设备示意图。 
图4所示为多个分区由不同的IP地址单独寻址的存储设备示意图，其中有些分区由多个IP地址寻址。 
图5所示为包括不同存储媒介的、有多个分区的存储设备示意图。 
图6所示为具有多个分区的存储设备示意图，其中两个分区用多 播跨越方式跨接。 
图7所示为具有多个分区的存储设备示意图，其中两个分区用代理跨越方式跨接。 
图8所示为三个存储设备用多播跨接方式逻辑连接的存储系统的示意图。 
图9所示为三个存储设备用代理跨接方式逻辑连接的存储系统示意图。 
图10所示为第一个存储设备的分区用多播镜像生成方式在一个或者多个其它存储设备的分区上生成镜像的存储系统的示意图。 
具体实施方式
现有技术图1概括描述了划分为多个分区10A、10B、10C...10N的磁盘驱动器10。整个存储区用单一的地址IP1寻址，各个数据块由IP1加上某些其它信息〔例如分区和偏移(offset)，即逻辑块地址(LBA)〕的组合进行寻址。因此，数据的访问存取永远置于磁盘操作系统的控制之下，由磁盘操作系统提供上述附加信息。正由于以上这个原因，驱动器10的位置永远十分靠近运作操作系统的处理器，而且通常连接到计算机的硬总线、RAID磁盘阵列，或者其它系统之上。 
我们知道10A...10N各个分区可以在不同的操作系统之下以不同方式格式化。但整个存储空间由单一类型的媒介构成，即旋转磁性媒介，尽管可以有某种RAM〔随机存取存储器〕缓存(未显示)。 
值得支持的是，在这里，“IP”这个术语是在广义之上使用的，它包括所有网络协议。因此，IP地址实际是被用作网络地址的委婉语。 
现有技术图2概括描述一个存储系统20，其中三个磁盘驱动器21、22、23用三个不同的IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3分别进行寻址。驱动器可以有多个分区(驱动器21有21A、21B、21C(未显示)三个分区，驱动器23有23A、23B两个分区(未显示))，但这里也是采用IP地址加上一些其它信息〔例如分区和偏移，即LBA〕的组合进行寻址。驱动器21、22、23可以跨接，也可以生成镜像，但每个驱动器的数据永远用该驱动器的特定IP地址寻址。 
图3所示的本发明存储设备30有三个分区21A、21B、21C，由不同的IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3分别寻址。熟谙本行技艺者应该明了，显示为数不多的若干个分区只是为了方便起见，在本图或者其它图中，存储 器30可以包含任何切合实际数量的分区。同样应该指出，描述存储设备时若未注明分区，则说明该设备并无分区。 
用IP地址直接显示进出分区的路由径促进了极其简单的通信协议的使用。尤其值得指出，分区可以在TCP/IP栈或者UDP/IP栈的IP层次上直接寻址。但应该指出的是，为了使用IP地址，存储设备30(而且事实上也包括各个分区)需要有足够的功能，才能满足以IP通信的需要。这些功能可以在设备(或者分区)设计时将其包括在内，或者用IP适配器32(未显示)增加到存储设备之中。实际上，在这种情况下，所谓适配器基本上不过是一个简单的块到分组或者分组到块的翻译器而已。 
存储设备30可以用任何方式连接到任何适当的总线之上。因此，本发明所描述的操作原理可以在极其广泛范围的实际总线和协议上应用，包括ATA、ATAPI、SCSI、Fiber CH、PCMCIA、CardBus以及USB。存储设备30还可另外用作或者附带用作一个虚拟IP总线，在网络上运行，术语“IP”在此处泛指任何能够处理分组的英特网工作协议。例如我们预计一位用户可以有一台独立的存储设备，该项设备以无线方式与一个局域网(LAN)通信联络，而局域网又可连接到WAN〔广域网〕或者英特网之上。其它也与网络连接的设备(无论在家庭中、办公室中或者其它地方)都可以直接访问存储设备的一个或者多个分区。例如一台能连接IP的英特网电视机(未显示)可以显示储存于一个分区的图像或者电影节目，而一台数字照相机(未显示)可以存入或者调出另一个分区的图像。还有另一个分区可以存放供手提电脑使用的操作系统和办公软件，或者甚至是能以IP连接的键盘和鼠标。从任何一个分区打印也可以通过能通过IP工作的、以无线或者有线方式与网络连接的打印机进行。 
一项有趣的推论是：分区或者其它元件也可以作为同层设备在对等网络上通信联络。此处所说的术语“元件”，指的是传统上通过总线与同一设备的其它元件联络沟通，而并无自己的IP地址的、作为设备功能部份的硬件元件。此项技术可以完全消除对任何特定操作系统的依赖性，甚至可以完全取消操作系统。此外，许多连接到网络上的元件将依靠其它与网络连接的元件来完成其自身能力所无法完成的任务，从而将会发现、保留和释放其它同级设备完成此类任务所占用的 资源。同级设备最好能发现连接到网络上的其它元件、它们的特点、以及了解至少一部份连接到网络上的元件有哪些内容。这种发现并不依靠主设备的协助即可独立完成，最好是通过同层设备直接的通信联络实现之。 
优选的网络将是无主设备网络，即所有的元件都有访问网络和与网络连接元件的平等权利。网络的同级元件最好采用低层次协议(例如传输协议和较低层次的OSI〔操作系统互连〕模型协议)彼此通信联络。优选的实施例将采用TCP和UDP IP协议进行元件间的通信联络。 
存储设备30最好能够在收到网络元件的请求后动态创建分区。例如，当一个网络元件请求使用设备30时，网络元件可向存储设备30提供一个独一无二的标识符，有可能是一个名称，而存储设备30则将此标识符与其新建的分区联系起来。在有些情况下，网络元件也可以请求分配一个特定的存储容量，包括请求提供存储设备30上所能提供的全部剩余存储容量。 
在优选的实施例中，在收到存储设备30所提出的请求后，此类分区的IP地址应从一个地址服务器(例如DHCP〔动态主机配置协议〕服务器)获取。应该强调指出的是，像DHCP服务器这样的地址分配设备并非主设备，因为它们既不对网络进行控制、也不对连接到网络上的元件或者对元件间资源共享进行控制。对分区指定IP地址还可或者也可在设备初始化时进行，例如在其初次启动时进行。 
由于存储设备30只可以和一个网络接口卡(NIC)相关连，各存储元件最好能够获取多个IP地址，尽管它们只有一个NIC和一个媒体访问控制(MAC)地址。通过在试图向地址服务器获取IP地址时，向地址服务器提供一个独特的分区标识符，就可以达到这个目的。我们认为把由一个元件提供的名称与为那一个元件建立的分区相关连起来，就有可能识别存储元件中的每一个分区，尽管与每个分区相关连的IP地址从分区建立以来已经发生了改变。 
其它详细情况可参看与本专利申请同时申请的，PCT申请号为_________________，标题为“通信协议、系统与方法”的专利申请，以及PCT申请号为__________________，标题为“通信联络改进的电气设备”，其内容将以参照的形式披露于此。 
在图4中，存储设备40在以下意义上与存储设备30相似，即： 它具有多个分区41A、41B、41C、41D，这些分区分别由不同的IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3、IP4单独寻址。但在此，有些分区用多个IP地址寻址。其中特别是：41A由IP1和IP5寻址。分区41D由IP4、IP6和IP7寻址。 
在图5中，存储设备50具有包括不同存储媒介的多个分区。在这个特定例子中，有两个旋转媒介分区50A、50B，一个闪速存储器50C。在此我们也设想了这些媒介与其它媒介的所有可行的组合。像在图3中一样，各分区由不同的IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3单独寻址。 
在图6中，存储设备60具有多个分区60A、60B、60C、60D，分别由IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3、IP4、和IP5(多播)单独寻址。其中两个分区，即60A和60C，就以下意义而言是跨越分区，即：分区60A从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地址b，而分区60C继续从逻辑地址b+1延伸到逻辑地址c。因此，跨越集从逻辑地址a一直延伸到逻辑地址c。此处的跨越是多播跨越，因为各分区共享多播地址IP5，该地址用来同时对分区60A和60C寻址。 
在图7中，存储设备70具有多个分区70A、70B、70C、70D，分别由IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3、IP8寻址。(这里用IP8而不是IP4的用意是表明IP地址不必在任何方式上保持连贯。)这里再一次有两个分区，即70A和70C，就以下意义而言是跨越分区，即：分区70A从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地址b，而分区70C继续从逻辑地址b+1延伸到逻辑地址c。因此，跨越集从逻辑地址a一直延伸到逻辑地址c。但此处的跨越是代理跨越而不是多播跨越。IP1用来对分区70A寻址，而跨越数据的第二部份由IP1代理用IP3寻址。当然，在同一个存储设备中使用多播跨越和代理跨越的组合是有可能的。 
在图8中，存储系统100有三个存储设备110、120、130连接在一起，以描述多播跨越。设备110有三个分区，即：110A、110B、110C，它们分别用IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3单独寻址。设备120有四个分区，即：120A、120B、120C、120D，它们分别用IP地址IP4、IP5、IP6、IP7单独寻址。设备130并未分区，就我们的目的来说，这等于说它只有一个分区。设备130的整个存储器用IP地址IP8进行寻址。这里的跨越是在所有三个设备之间。分区110C从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地址b；分区120D从逻辑地址b+1继续延伸到逻辑地址c，设备130的数据空间从逻辑地址c+1延伸到逻辑地址d。数据集从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地 址d。 
图9与图8相似之处在于：跨越贯穿三个驱动器，数据集从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地址d。主要的构思差异在于存储设备用代理跨越逻辑连接，而不是用多播跨越。设备210有三个分区，即：210A、210B、210C，它们分别用IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3单独寻址。设备230并未分区。设备230的整个存储器用IP地址IP4进行寻址。设备220有三个分区，即：220A、220B、220C，它们分别用IP地址IP4、IP5、IP6单独寻址。分区210C从逻辑地址a延伸到逻辑地址b；分区220C的数据空间从逻辑地址b+1继续延伸到逻辑地址c，分区230从逻辑地址c+1延伸到逻辑地址d。 
正像此项描述的其它部份一样，图9所示的具体实施例只是可能配置的举例而已。我们所采用的设备数量可以多于或者少于所述的数量，而且跨越的方式也可以视情况改变，即随着时间的推移，跨越的设备与/或分区可以增删。在存储设备之间与/或内部也可以采用多播跨越和代理跨越的任何组合，存储设备也可以具有相同或者不同的媒介。此外，IP地址的使用促进了在IP网络可及的几乎任何位置找到各个存储设备的实际位置，不管这些设备的相对位置如何。 
在图10中，存储设备300由三个不同的实际存储设备310、320、和330提供分区的镜像。这一点可以用代理进行，其方式与代理跨越所描述的方式相似，或者也可在较高性能的系统中以多播方式进行。这样，多个存储设备中的分区用同一个IP地址寻址。在这个特定实施例中，存储设备310具有分区310A、310B、310C，它们用IP地址IP1、IP2、IP3、和IP9寻址。存储设备320具有分区320A、320B、和320C，用IP地址IP4、IP5、IP6和IP9寻址。向IP3或者IP9写入的请求产生的结果是分区310C、320C和330C存储相同的数据。向IP1地址发出的读取请求将造成310C、320C和330C以同样的信息应答，其假设是请求者将使用其中最早到达的数据。在多播形式中，最好的办法是设备310、320、和330倾听一下镜像集中任何成员回应的第一个数据，如果在它们完成请求之前，另一个设备已经完成了请求，便将该项请求从它们的请求队列中取消。 
通信
在优选的实施例中，存储元件和非存储元件之间的通信联络将采 用一个数据报协议，在该项协议中，数据块被自动映射到目标设备之上。元件之间发送的数据报最好包括指令(CMD)、逻辑块地址(LBA)、数据、令牌字段、以及不超过X个的额外字节，其中X为1、2、7、10、17和30之中的一个数字。这种数据报的数据字段的容量最好与数据报所寻址元件的块容量相同(如果可行的话)。在这种情况下，一个元件向存储元件发出一个数量的数据，而数据的数量大于存储元件的块容量时，通常将把数据的量划分为相当于存储元件块的容量，对块指定LBA，将每对块与LBA对以数据报形式传送给存储元件。 
数据报最好在像IP分组这样的有地址封装分组的元件之间通信联络，封装包的IP地址既用于识别封装包所拟传送到的目的元件，又用于辨识元件内数据报的相关连分区。 
数据报的接收方最好按先来先处理的方式处理数据报，不要对分组重新排列，在执行CMD字段所识别的指令之前，不要把数据报中数据字段的内容组装成为更大的数据单位。举例说，一个存储元件可能会接到一个包含数据块、LBA和写入指令的数据报。存储元件可不必等候其它的分组，用数据报中所包含的IP地址去识别所要使用的分区，用LBA去识别数据字段中的数据应该写入分区的位置。 
对各个数据报中的数据随到随处理，而不是重新组装数据，使我们可以采用暗含的ACK确认信号。使用暗含的ACK信号代替显式ACK信号可以大幅度提供工作性能。 
存储设备和适配器的推销
我们预计一旦业内人士意识到存储设备具备以其自身的IP地址访问的分区之好处之后，公司就会着手生产与/或推销此类设备。我们也预计各家公司将开始生产与/或推销具备允许传统磁盘驱动器、闪速存储器和其它存储设备以此种方式运行的功能(包括硬件与软件或者两者的结合)的适配器。 
因此，本发明主题所涵盖的方法包括生产与销售其分区能以其自身的IP地址执行与其它网络元件分组通信的磁盘驱动器或者其它存储设备。所发明的其它方法包括生产与销售使采用现有技术的存储设备也能这样做的适配器。事实上，我们预计各家公司将会意识到市场上存在此类适配器，因而继续生产或者销售现有技术的存储设备类型，明知(或者甚至在广告中宣传)用户会以使用此类适配器的方式来继 续使用现有技术的存储设备类型，从而构成了对本发明的侵权行为。 
因此，在此我们披露了本发明存储设备的具体实施例和应用。但对熟谙本行技艺者来说，除以上所描述内容外，尚可设想出无数的修改方案，其实质并未超出本发明的基本构思。因此本发明的主题除其基本精神外，并不局限于所附的权利要求。此外，在对专利说明书和权利要求进行解释时，都应根据上下文从最广义上加以理解。尤其是像“包括”、“由......组成”等等字样应该泛泛解释为元件、组成部份、步骤等比较笼统的字眼，所指的是所述的元件、部件、步骤有可能存在、被采用，或者与其它未明确提到的其它元件、组件、或者步骤结合使用。

Claims (18)

1.一种数据存储装置，包括：
网络接口；以及
具有多个分区的存储设备，所述存储设备配置成：
经所述网络接口接收分组，该分组包括唯一地识别多个分区的被选择分区的英特网协议IP地址；所述分组还包括具有指令和逻辑块地址的数据报；以及
至少部分地基于所述指令、所述逻辑块地址和所述IP地址访问在所述被选择分区中的数据块。
2.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述存储设备包括分组到数据块的翻译器。
3.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述数据块在所述分区内的位置由所述逻辑块地址识别。
4.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述存储设备配置成在分组到达时执行所述被选择分区中的指令。
5.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述存储设备配置成从网络同层设备接收所述分组。
6.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述存储设备配置成实施处理分组的英特网工作协议。
7.权利要求1所述的数据存储装置，其中所述分组包括用户数据报协议分组。
8.一种用于数据存储的方法，包括
从网络元件经由网络接口接收用于分配存储媒介的分区的请求以及独一无二的名称；
基于接收的请求分配所述存储媒介的分区；
从动态主机配置协议DHCP服务器获取用于所述存储媒介分区的英特网协议IP地址；以及
将所述独一无二的名称与所述存储媒介的分区相关联。
9.一种数据存储装置，包括：
网络接口，被配置为将所述数据存储装置通信地耦合至网络；
第一分区，耦合至网络接口以便访问所述网络，所述第一分区与第一英特网协议IP地址相关联并且被配置为从同层设备经由所述网络接口接收分组，其被寻址到所述第一IP地址，以及
第二分区，耦合至网络接口以便访问所述网络，所述第二分区与不同于所述第一IP地址的第二IP地址相关联，其中所述第一分区和所述第二分区共享用于对所述第一分区和所述第二分区进行寻址的第三IP地址。
10.权利要求9所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第三IP地址是所述第一IP地址。
11.权利要求10所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第二分区被配置为直接从所述网络接口接收读取/写入请求。
12.权利要求11所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第一分区和第二分区都能够响应来自所述网络接口的读取/写入请求，以及所述第一分区进一步被配置为确定所述第二分区已经响应并且至少部分基于所述确定避免响应。
13.权利要求10所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第一分区和第二分区分别接收作为多播传输的读取/写入请求。
14.权利要求9所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第一分区是存储媒介的分区。
15.权利要求14所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第二分区是另一个存储媒介的分区。
16.权利要求9所述的数据存储装置，还包括第三分区，所述第三分区具有与所述第一和第二IP地址不同的第三IP地址，所述第三分区也与第三IP地址相关联。
17.权利要求9所述的数据存储装置，进一步包括：
总线，用于将所述第一和第二分区耦合至所述网络接口。
18.权利要求9所述的数据存储装置，其中所述第一分区和所述第二分区被配置为独立于操作系统工作。
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