CN101443521A - 用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁 - Google Patents

用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁 Download PDF

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CN101443521A
CN101443521A CNA2007800168617A CN200780016861A CN101443521A CN 101443521 A CN101443521 A CN 101443521A CN A2007800168617 A CNA2007800168617 A CN A2007800168617A CN 200780016861 A CN200780016861 A CN 200780016861A CN 101443521 A CN101443521 A CN 101443521A
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A·施沃雷尔
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0491Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in one single surface or in several parallel surfaces

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁(1),其包括一个上弦梁(4)和一个下弦梁(5),它们通过在其端部分别带有榫头(7)的支撑(2)相互连接。其中支撑(2)一端的榫头(7)胶合到上弦梁(4)上的、沿上弦梁(4)纵向方向延伸的榫槽(9)中,支撑(2)另一端的榫头(7)胶合到下弦梁(5)上的、沿下弦梁(5)纵向方向延伸的榫槽(9)中。各榫槽(9)在纵向上的各侧表面(12)形成一锐角,且胶合到相应的榫槽(9)中榫头(7)的、与所述侧表面(12)胶合的各个表面(10)之间也形成相应的锐角。

Description

用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁
技术领域
本发明所涉及的是一种用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁,其具有一个上弦梁和一个下弦梁,两者通过在其两端上带有榫头的支撑相互连接,其中支撑一端的榫头胶合到上弦梁上的、沿上弦梁纵向方向延伸的榫槽中,支撑另一端的榫头胶合到下弦梁上的、沿下弦梁纵向方向延伸的榫槽中。这种格构梁例如在待浇注的混凝土结构、尤其是混凝土天花板和混凝土墙体的模板中作为支架使用。
背景技术
由DE 18 07 956 B1或DE 18 17 718 A1可知一种这样的格构梁。在这种格构梁中,在弦梁上带有榫槽,这些榫槽沿弦梁纵向方向延伸,同时榫槽的侧表面彼此平行地定向。这些榫槽通常是铣削而成。榫头从支撑的两端被刻出。由于在这种格构梁中,支撑通常是倾斜的且与弦梁成大约45°角,榫头在其与支撑纵向平行的平面上具有三角形基本形状。这些榫头通过在支撑两端做出与上述纵向平行的切口来形成,也就是说,它们也具有互相平行的侧表面。
在将榫头和榫槽胶合的时候,需要在榫头和/或榫槽的侧表面涂上木胶。由于榫头和榫槽按榫-槽连接配合地工作,在将榫头插入到榫槽中时,木胶从侧表面移到榫槽底部上。如果容差情况差,因此侧表面上常常留下木胶的量不足以可靠地提供持久的牢固的胶合。
US 3,452,501示出了一种用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁,其具有一个上弦梁和一个下弦梁,两者是通过在其两端上带有榫头的支撑相互连接的。其中,支撑一端的榫头与上弦梁上的、沿上弦梁的纵向延伸的榫槽胶合,支撑另一端的榫头与下弦梁上的沿下弦梁的纵向延伸的榫槽胶合。
在一个榫槽的实施例中,榫槽的长度和榫头的尺寸并不相吻合,而是沿着弦梁的全长延伸。
在另一个实施例中,榫槽与榫头的大小相匹配。这些榫槽具有菱形的横截面。
这些与榫头尺寸不相匹配的榫槽的缺点在于,污物和/或水会渗入到榫槽中。后者会导致胶粘剂过早溶解。
为了避免上述问题,可以比如将榫槽制作成菱形的横截面。然而这样的制作成本是非常高的。即使使用铣刀,制作菱形横截面的榫槽也是非常困难的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种格构梁以及用于制造格构梁的方法,其克服现有技术缺点,尤其是,在较大的容差范围内实现了弦梁与支撑之间的持久的牢固的连接,其中可以简化格构梁的制作。
这一目的通过按独立权利要求所述的格构梁及其制造方法来达到。从属的权利要求是本发明优选实施例形式。
本发明的用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁具有一个上弦梁和一个下弦梁,两者通过支撑相互连接。支撑在其两端上分别具有榫头,其中支撑一端的榫头胶合到上弦梁的、沿上弦梁纵向方向延伸的榫槽中,支撑另一端的榫头胶合到下弦梁上的、沿下弦梁纵向方向延伸的榫槽中。这里榫槽沿弦梁上的纵向长度分别至少基本上与插入且胶结到各榫槽中的榫头的尺寸相对应,也就是说,榫槽分别只在弦梁的部分长度上延伸。
各个榫槽的沿纵向延伸的侧表面成一个锐角,胶合到各榫槽中的榫头的、与所述表面胶合的表面也成一个相应的锐角。榫头由于侧表面沿其端部方向成锐角逐渐变细,垂直于弦梁纵向的榫槽的宽度也沿各自的榫槽底部方向相应减小。
依照本发明,榫槽的横截面是矩形的或者大体上是矩形的。有利的是,插入到榫槽中的榫头的横截面有利地也相应地成形,以便榫头在榫槽中实现精确匹配的配合。如果多个榫头插入到一个榫槽中,那么由榫头形成且插入到榫槽中的结构的截面优选相应地设计成矩形的。
因而,在侧表面上涂覆的胶水在榫头沿榫槽底部方向插入时不或者是仅仅不明显地转移。胶水留在表面上,从而有足够的胶水留在原来位置,以便牢固且持久的胶合。因为榫槽的长度匹配的外形,榫头可以填充并密封榫槽空间,使得没有污物能够渗入榫槽中。因为榫槽横截面的矩形结构使得按本发明的格构梁简单的制造成为可能,因为这种榫槽可用圆锯片简单地进行制造。其中,具有彼此成夹角的切削平面的至少两个圆锯切口形成在各个弦梁上的榫槽。由此,可以成本低廉且快速制造按本发明的格构梁。
如果支撑的两端分别具有两个榫头,就能实现一种具有高承载能力的结构,而不需要花费很多去成形一待胶合的结构。
优选的是,在榫槽底部的榫头端部和相应的榫头胶合到榫槽中的榫槽底部之间存在一个间隙。这一间隙可以容纳在将通过榫头侧表面压到榫槽侧表面上使支撑与弦梁组装时挤出的胶水量,以至于榫头可以插入榫槽中,而没有由这些胶水量所产生的挤压阻力。
如果榫槽的榫槽底部在弦梁纵向上分别具有一个半圆轮廓,那么榫槽就能够借助多个的倾斜的锯片依次地在旋转的弦梁上切出。
有利地,两个相邻的支撑在其胶合到其中一个弦梁的榫槽中的端部区域中相互嵌接,这使力可以从一个支撑传到另一个支撑。因此,横向载荷能够被本发明的格构梁更好地吸收。
在此,这些胶合的端部优选借助于相互邻接的榫头的细燕尾榫(Feinverzinkung)互相嵌接。细燕尾榫通过待连接表面的、由细燕尾榫构成的锯齿状形成大的接触表面。在胶合如此成形的接触面时能够实现大的强度。
特别优选相互嵌接的端部在弦梁纵向上分别形成一个半圆轮廓。互相倾斜的相邻的支撑的相应棱边与半圆轮廓一起形成了一个椭圆形。这样形成的嵌接端和/或榫头可以精确匹配地定位在相应成形的榫槽中。由于这个半圆轮廓,待胶合的接触面,即榫头的侧表面以及榫槽的相配属的侧表面在面积上最大化,这导致一个特别牢固的粘合和由此形成一个特别稳定的格构梁。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,弦梁上的榫槽从侧面看具有圆形和/或卵形的部分表面,它与支撑的相应的燕尾榫轮廓(Zinkenprofile)相匹配。
为了制造本发明的格构梁,支撑的榫头胶合到弦梁的榫槽中。其中,为了制造榫槽,优选借助于圆锯片通过制出第一圆锯切口而形成各榫槽的沿弦梁纵向延伸的第一侧表面。随后,榫槽的沿弦梁纵向延伸的第二侧表面通过制出第二圆锯切口而形成。该圆锯切口的切削平面根据在榫槽侧表面之间待形成的锐角调节。
附图说明
以下借助于实施例参照附图进一步对本发明进行说明。
图1a为本发明格构梁的一部分,
图1b为图1a示出的本发明格构梁的部分的爆炸图,
图2为图1示出的本发明格构梁的部分的侧视图,
图3为图1示出的格构梁的支撑。
这些图非常概略地示出本发明的对象,不能按比例来理解。本发明对象的各个组成部分以使其结构能很好示出的方式进行图示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明格构梁的一部分。图1a示出的部分处在组装状态下,图1b示出的部分的爆炸图。
该格构梁1具有在建筑业中对于这种类型的格构梁普遍使用的尺寸。该格构梁1有几米长,它的支撑2和弦梁4,5有几厘米厚。格构梁1具有一个上弦梁4和一个下弦梁5。两根弦梁4,5通过支撑2相互连接。支撑2倾斜定位于弦梁4,5,并且支撑2与弦梁4,5之间成大约45°的角。支撑2在其端部分别具有两个榫头7。弦梁4,5上具有沿其纵向延伸的榫槽9,每一个榫槽9都与一个榫头7相配。在装配状态下每个榫头7都胶合到相配的榫槽9中。各支撑2一端的榫头7胶合到上弦梁4的榫槽9中,同时各支撑2另一端的榫头7胶合到下弦梁5的榫槽9中。各榫槽9的在纵向上的各个侧表面12形成一锐角,并且胶合到上述各榫槽9的榫头7的、与所述侧表面12胶合的表面10也形成相应的锐角。因此,榫头7和/或榫槽9的各侧表面10,12不是彼此相互平行的。榫头7向其端部方向逐渐变细。相应地,与弦梁4,5纵向方向垂直的榫槽9宽度也朝榫槽底部方向通过形成锐角而逐渐变小。在装配状态下,榫头7在榫槽中分别与榫槽9的侧表面10,12精确匹配地胶合。每两个相邻的支撑2在它与弦梁4,5之一的榫槽9胶合的端部的区域内相互嵌接。为此,支撑2的两端及榫头7在其相互邻接区域有一个细燕尾榫14。每个细燕尾榫14由在这一区域形成的锯齿形轮廓区域组成。相邻区域的轮廓通过这样的方式彼此互补地形成,使得它们匹配地相互嵌入,使每个榫头7和支撑2的相应的侧表面分别在一个平面上延伸。在图中在支撑2的与榫头7邻接的区域中可以明显看到细燕尾榫14的锯齿形轮廓。
榫槽9的底部在弦梁4,5的纵向上各自具有一个半圆轮廓。支撑2的彼此嵌接的末端和/或嵌接的榫头7在弦梁4,5的纵向上各自形成相应的半圆轮廓16。即连同支撑2的相关的棱边一起形成了一个椭圆形。这可以使彼此胶合的侧表面10大面积地形成。
图2是图1所示的本发明格构梁的部分的侧视图。其中,如在胶合状态下在弦梁4,5上定位的榫头7的大小以具有半圆轮廓的虚线20标示出来。互相嵌接的榫头7的半圆轮廓和榫槽底部与这些虚线20相对应(没有燕尾榫槽隙的简化图)。此外,细燕尾榫14在其相互嵌入到相应相邻支撑2中的深度方面的尺寸分别通过在相邻支撑的邻接区域上的两条平行虚线来示出。
图3所示为图1格构梁的一个单独的支撑2。可以清楚地看到榫头7的渐细形状,其通过每个榫头7的各侧表面10互成锐角而形成。另外,也显示出了在支撑2端部在细燕尾榫14的邻接区域内的细燕尾榫14的形状以及相应的锯齿轮廓30。支撑2末端的锯齿轮廓30的锯齿31在各榫头7的全长上导引。
本发明提出了一种用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁1,其具有一个上弦梁4和一个下弦梁5,两者通过在其两端带有榫头7的支撑2相互连接。各支撑2一端的榫头7胶合到上弦梁4的、沿上弦梁4纵向方向延伸的榫槽9中,该支撑2另一端的榫头7胶合到下弦梁5的、沿下弦梁5纵向方向延伸的榫槽9中。各个榫槽9在纵向上的侧表面12形成锐角,且胶合到各榫槽中的各榫头7的、与所述侧表面12胶合的表面10也形成相应的锐角。
本发明并不仅仅局限于上述提到的实施例。相反地应用本发明特征的多个的变型都是可以想象的,即使它们具有基本不同的设计。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于建筑领域的木制的格构梁(1),具有一个上弦梁(4)和一个下弦梁(5),它们通过在其端部分别带有榫头(7)的各支撑(2)相互连接,其中各支撑(2)一端的榫头(7)插入且胶合到上弦梁(4)的、沿上弦梁(4)纵向方向延伸的榫槽(9)中,各支撑(2)另一端的榫头(7)插入且胶合到下弦梁(5)的、沿下弦梁(5)纵向方向延伸的榫槽(9)中,在弦梁纵向上的榫槽长度与插入到其中的榫头的尺寸相应或者基本上相应,其中各个榫槽(9)的在纵向上延伸的侧表面(12)形成一锐角,并且胶合到各榫槽(9)中的榫头(7)的、与所述侧表面(12)胶合的表面(10)形成一相应的锐角,其特征在于:榫槽的横截面设计成矩形的或者大体上矩形的。
2.按照权利要求1所述的格构梁,其特征在于:支撑(2)的各端部分别带有两个榫头(7)。
3.按照权利要求1到2至少其中一项所述的格构梁,其特征在于:在榫头(7)的榫槽底部侧的端部和榫头(7)胶合到其中的榫槽(9)的榫槽底部之间存在一个间隙。
4.按照权利要求1到3其中至少一项所述的格构梁,其特征在于:榫槽(9)的榫槽底部在弦梁(4,5)纵向上分别具有一个半圆轮廓(20)。
5.按照权利要求1到4其中至少一项所述的格构梁,其特征在于:在弦梁(4,5)上的榫槽(9)从侧面看具有圆形和/或椭圆形的分表面,支撑的相应的燕尾榫轮廓与这些分表面相匹配。
6.按照权利要求1到5其中至少一项所述的格构梁,其特征在于:每两个相邻的支撑(2)在其胶合到弦梁(4,5)之一的榫槽(9)中的端部区域中相互嵌接。
7.按照权利要求6所述的格构梁,其特征在于:胶合的端部通过邻接榫头(7)的细燕尾榫(14)相互嵌接。
8.按照权利要求6到7其中至少一项所述的格构梁,其特征在于:相互嵌接的端部在弦梁的纵向上分别形成一个半圆轮廓。
9.用于制造按照权利要求1到8其中至少一项所述的格构梁的方法,其中支撑(2)的榫头(7)胶合到弦梁(4,5)的榫槽(9)中,其特征在于:借助于圆锯片,各榫槽(9)的沿弦梁(4,5)纵向延伸的第一侧表面(12)通过制出第一圆锯切口而形成,并且榫槽(9)的沿弦梁(4,5)纵向延伸的第二侧表面(12)通过制出第二圆锯切口而形成,其中圆锯切口的切削平面根据在榫槽(9)的侧表面(12)之间待形成的锐角而设定。
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