CN101430784B - 具有市场深度的直观的栅格显示的基于点击的交易 - Google Patents

具有市场深度的直观的栅格显示的基于点击的交易 Download PDF

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CN101430784B
CN101430784B CN200810181726.4A CN200810181726A CN101430784B CN 101430784 B CN101430784 B CN 101430784B CN 200810181726 A CN200810181726 A CN 200810181726A CN 101430784 B CN101430784 B CN 101430784B
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加里·艾伦·坎普
吉斯-尤·斯凯路特
哈里斯·布拉姆菲尔德
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有市场深度的直观的栅格显示的基于点击的交易。一种缩短交易者在交易所进行电子交易时，提出一份订单所需的时间的方法和系统，由此增加了交易者按照所需价格和数量执行订单的可能性。本发明的“水星”显示和交易方法通过在一个垂直或水平的平面上显示市场深度，来保证各项交易的快速和准确执行，随着市场价格的起伏，市场深度也在该平面上合乎逻辑地上下左右起伏。这使得交易者能迅速和有效地进行交易。

Description

具有市场深度的直观的栅格显示的基于点击的交易
本申请是申请号为01807416.2、申请日为2001年3月2日、发明名称为“具有市场深度的直观的栅格显示的基于点击的交易”的发明申请的分案申请。
优先权
本申请书要求题为“市场深度显示基于点击的交易以及水星显示”的美国临时专利申请的优先权，上述临时专利申请于2000年3月2日提交，其内容已作为参考文献被收入本文。
技术领域
本发明面向各种商品的电子交易。具体地说，本发明向交易者提供一种用于进行交易的通用的和有效的工具。它在一种商品的市场交易深度(depth)的范围内，有助于交易订单的显示以及快速提交，这里所指的商品包括能按照数量和/或价格进行交易的任何事物。
背景技术
全世界至少有60个交易所(exchange)在不同程度上利用电子交易进行股票、债券、期货、购买权(option)和其他产品的交易。这些电子交换基于3个部件：大型计算机(主机)，通信服务器，以及交易的参加者的计算机(客户)。主机形成全计算机化电子交易系统的电子心脏。系统的操作包括订单匹配，维护订货簿和行情，价格信息，以及管理和更新用于在线交易的数据库(在白天以及夜间大批量运行)。主机还备有外部接口，以便跟报价商以及其他价格信息系统保持不间断的在线连接。
交易者们可以通过3种类型的结构跟主机链接：高速数据线路，高速通信服务器，以及因特网。高速数据线路在客户和主机之间建立直接连接。通过在遍布世界各地的交易者们所在的各物理位置上的战略性接入点配置高速网络或通信服务器，就能建立另一种连接。经由专用的高速通信线路沿着两个方向在交易者们和交易所之间传输数据。作为针对可能的失效的一项安全措施，大多数交易的参加者在交易所与客户站点或者在通信服务器与客户站点之间都安装了两条线路。一个交易所的内部计算机系统通常也安装备份机器，作为一项冗余措施，以保证系统的可用性。第3种连接利用因特网。这里，交易所与交易者们之间通过连接到因特网的高速数据线路进行双向通信。这样一来，不管交易者们位于何处，他们都能建立通往因特网的连接。
不管所建立的连接方式如何，交易参加者的计算机都允许交易者们参加到市场中来。他们使用软件在交易者们的桌面上生成专门化的交互式交易屏幕。这些交易屏幕让交易者们输入并执行订单，获得市场报价，以及监测各种行情。交易者们在他们的屏幕上可得到的各项功能的范围和质量随着所运行的特定的应用软件而改变。在交易所的电子战略的开发过程中，开放接口的安装意味着用户们可以根据他们的交易种类和内部需求来选择他们赖以接入该交易所的方法。
世界上的股票，债券，期货以及购买权的交易都为反复无常的产品，其价格在急剧地变动。为了在这些市场中赢利，交易者们必须能够作出快速反应。拥有最快的软件，最快的通信手段，以及最缜密的分析的熟练的交易者能够显著地改善他自己或他的企业的最后结果。在快速变动的市场中，在速度上稍加改进就能产生巨大的回报。在今天的证券市场中，一个没有技术上先进的接口的交易者将处于严重的竞争劣势之中。
不管交易者在市场中使用何种接口来输入订单，每一个市场都需要向每一个交易者提供相同的信息，或者从每一个交易者那里要求相同的信息。在市场中各项报价和出价建立起市场数据，只要交易所能提供，每一个通过登录进入交易的人都能接收此种信息。类似地，每一个交易所都要求在每一份订单中都包含一定的信息。例如，交易者们必须提供像商品名称，数量，限制条件，价格和多种其他变量这样的信息。若没有所有这些信息，则市场将无法接受订单。对每一个交易者来说，信息的输入和输出是相同的。
若这些变量为常数，则从交易周期的其他方面将获得挑战性的速度优势。在分析针对一种给定商品提出订单所需时间时，不同的步骤对所需的总时间的贡献是不同的。在主机产生该商品的价格的瞬间以及客户接收该价格的瞬间之间的这段时间内，总的时间的大约8％消耗在输入订单上。客户申请为交易者显示价格所占的时间约为4％。将交易订单发送到主机所需时间约占8％。约占80％的用于提交订单总的时间的其余部分可归因于交易者阅读所显示的价格以及输入一份订单所需的时间。本发明对交易周期的最慢的部分—当交易者以手工方式输入他的订单时—提供了显著的改进。交易者们认识到，在这一部分时间节省的价值可能相当于每年数百万美元。
在现有系统中，在向市场发出一份订单之前，必须输入一份订单的多个元素，这对交易者来说是很费时间的。这些元素包括商品符号，所期望的价格，数量以及所需的是购买订单还是销售订单。交易者输入订单所用的时间越长，他希望报价或出价的价格越可能发生改变，甚至变为在市场上不可行。由于众多的交易者们同时向市场发出订单，所以市场是容易变动的。事实上，成功的市场都力求拥有很大的交易容量，使得希望输入一份订单的任何交易者都能迅速地(如果不是立即的)找到一个与之匹配的贸易伙伴，并使订单得以执行。在这样一个流动的市场中，各种商品的价格迅速地波动。在一个交易屏幕上，这将导致在市场栅格图(grid)中的价格和数量字段的快速变化。若交易者打算按照一个特定的价格来输入订单，则在他能输入订单之前，由于市场价格发生变动而使他失去这个价格，他可能因此而失去数百，数千，甚至数百万美元。交易者所能进行的交易越快，他错过价格的可能性就越小，他赚钱的可能性就越大。
发明内容
各位发明人已经开发了本发明，它克服了现有交易系统的各种缺点，并且极大地缩短了交易者在一个交易所进行电子交易时，用于提出一份订单所需的时间。因而，增加了交易者按照所需价格和数量执行订单的可能性。
本发明的“水星”显示(Mercury display)和交易方法通过在一个垂直或水平的平面上显示市场深度，来保证各项交易的快速和准确执行，随着市场价格的起伏，市场深度也在该平面上合乎逻辑地上下左右起伏。这允许交易者迅速和有效地进行交易。
特别是，本发明提供了一个图形用户接口，用以显示在市场上进行交易的商品的市场深度，包括动态地显示该商品在市场上的多次报价和多次出价，并静态地显示对应于所述多次报价和出价的价格。在这个实施例中，多次报价和出价动态地显示于与相应价格对准的位置上。本文还描述了一种方法和系统，使用这样的显示来提出各种订单。
这些实施例，以及在本文中详细地描述的其他方面，为交易者在电子交换中，在提出和执行交易订单等方面提供了改进了的效率和通用性。通过以下的详细说明，将使本发明的其他特征和优点更明显地展现在本领域技术人员面前。然而，应当理解，在表示本发明的各优选实施例时，详细的说明以及各个具体示例是以说明性而不是限定性的方式被给出的。在不背离本发明的精神实质的前提下，可以在本发明的范围内作出许多变动和修改，并且本发明包括所有这些修改。
附图说明
图1表示介于多部交换机和各客户站点之间的网络连接；
图2为屏幕显示，表示内部市场以及正在进行交易的一种给定商品的市场深度；
图3表示本发明的水星显示；
图4表示在一个较晚时间的水星显示，表示与图3相比较时各项数值的变动；
图5表示带有参数集的水星显示，以便用实例说明水星交易方法；以及
图6是一份流程图，说明水星显示和交易的过程。
具体实施方式
如同参照诸附图所描述的那样，本发明通过在一个垂直的或水平的平面上显示市场深度，提供一种显示和交易方法，以保证各项交易的快速和准确的进行，随着市场价格的起伏波动，市场深度也合乎逻辑地在该平面上朝着上下左右各方向而起伏波动。这就允许交易者迅速和有效地提出订单。一种商品的市场深度是市场上当前报价和出价的价格以及供应量和需求量。本发明的显示和交易方法增加了交易者能在所希望的价格和数量上执行订单的可能性。
在优选实施例中，本发明在一部计算机或电子终端上被实施。计算机能够直接地或间接地(使用中间设备)跟交换机进行通信，以便接收和发送关于市场、商品以及交易订单的信息。它能跟交易者进行互动，以产生待送往交换机的交易订单的各项内容和特性。可以想见能在现有的或未来的具有处理能力的终端或装置上实施本发明，以便执行本文所描述的各项功能。本发明的范围不受所使用的终端或装置的类型的限制。还有，本说明书以单击鼠标作为用户输入的一种方法，并且以跟终端显示器进行交互作为用户的单一动作的一个实例。在描述一种优选的交互方式的同时，本发明并没有局限于以使用鼠标作为输入设备，或者局限于以点击鼠标按钮作为用户的单一动作。而是用户在一段短时间内所发生的任何动作，不管包括单击或多击一个鼠标按钮或其他输入设备，都被认为是用户为了达到本发明的目的而发生的一个单次动作。
本系统可以被配置成允许进行单项交易，或者同时进行多项交易。本发明的系统跟多部交换机的连接示于图1。这张图表示多部主交换机101-103通过路由器104-106被连接到网关107-109。用作交易站点的多部客户终端110-116，通过它们的与网关107-109的连接，就能在多部交换机中进行交易。当该系统被配置成从多部交换机中接收数据时，本优选实施例将来自不同交换机的数据转换为一种简单的格式。下面将参照图1来说明此种“转换”功能。应用程序接口(图中被描绘成“TT API”)将来自不同交换机的到来的数据格式转换为一种简单的优选数据格式。这种转换功能可以被安排在网络中的任何地方，例如，在网关服务器，在单个的工作站，或者两者都有。此外，在网关服务器以及在客户工作站的存储器和/或其他外部存储器存有诸如载有该客户在市场中的有效订单的订货簿那样的历史数据；这就是说，那些既没有执行也没有撤消的订单。可以在客户工作站的一个或多个窗口上显示来自不同交换机的信息。相应地，参照本说明书的其余部分，除了一部交易终端可以连接到一部单独的交换机以外，本发明的范围还包括按照本文所述的交易方法，使用一部单独的交易终端在多部交换机中进行交易的能力。
本发明的各优选实施例包括显示“市场深度”，允许交易者去察看一种商品的市场深度，并且通过单击计算机鼠标按钮在该市场深度的范围内进行交易。市场深度表示在市场上具有当前报价和出价价格以及供应量和需求量的订货簿。换句话说，市场深度就是进入市场的每一项报价和出价，除了受内部市场的限制以外，还受到下面所指出的各个方面的限制。对于正在进行交易的商品来说，“内部市场”是最高的报价和最低的出价。
交换机向在交换机上的每一个交易者发出价格、订单和执行信息。本发明处理这些信息，并通过简单的算法和映射表，将这些信息映射到一个理论上的栅格图程序，或者用任何其他可比较的映射技术将数据映射到屏幕。可以用本领域技术人员所熟知的任何技术，来完成这些信息到屏幕栅格图的物理映射。本发明不受用以将数据映射到屏幕显示的方法的限制。
本发明所能显示的市场深度有多深取决于交换机能提供多大的市场深度。某些交换机提供无限的市场深度，而其他的则不能提供市场深度，或者仅提供来自内部市场的少数订单。本发明的用户还可以选择在他的屏幕上显示的市场深度有多深。
图2表示在题为《具有市场深度显示的基于点击的交易》的一项共同拥有的共同未决的专利申请中，描述了一项发明的屏幕显示，该专利的系列号为___________，申请于__________，其内容已作为参考文献被收入本文。此项显示内容表示一项正在进行交易的给定的商品的内部市场和市场深度。第1行表示针对正在进行交易的商品的“内部市场”，它是最佳(最高)的报价和供应量，以及最佳(最低)的出价和需求量。第2-5行表示正在进行交易的商品的“市场深度”。在本发明的优选实施例中，市场深度的显示(第2-5行)在第203列中列出了可得到的次最佳报价，以及在第204列中列出了可得到的次最佳出价。并且分别在第202和205列(内部市场-第1行)中，同时显示了针对每一种价格水平的正在处理的供应量和需求量。随着这样的信息从市场上不断地发出，就在实时的基础上动态地更新内部市场和市场深度的各项价格和数量。
在图2所示的屏幕显示中，正在进行交易的商品(合同)在第1行中被表示为字符串“CDH0”。深度列208通过显示不同的颜色来将一种状态通知交易者。黄色表示应用程序正在等待数据。红色表示市场深度未能从服务器接收数据并且已经“超时”。绿色表示数据刚刚被更新。在这份图以及所有的其他图中的其他列的表头定义如下。BidQty(供应量)：每一项正在进行的报价的供应量，BidPrc(报价)：每一项正在进行的报价的价格，AskPrc(出价)：每一项正在进行的出价的价格，AskQty(需求量)：每一项正在进行出价的需求量，LastPrc(最后价格)：在市场上最后的报价和出价，它们是互相匹配的，以及LastQty(最后数量)：按照最终价格进行交易的数量。Total表示给定商品的总的交易数量。
屏幕显示本身的配置以一种比现有系统更为方便和有效的方式通知用户。由于交易者们能看见在市场上订货的趋势，所以他们通过察看市场深度就能得到明显的好处。市场深度显示向交易者表明一种给定商品在不同价格水平上市场所带来的利益。若在市场中靠近交易者的位置附近发生大量的报价和出价，则在内部市场陷入订单的泥潭之前，他可能感到他必须卖出或买入。在内部市场之上或之下缺乏订单的情形将提示交易者在接近内部市场(价格的水平上)送入订单。如果看不到市场深度，就无法利用这样的策略。有了动态的市场深度，其包括交易商品的供应量和需求量以及与该商品的当前内部市场对准的并在其下面显示的各项价格，就能以一种更直观和容易理解的方式向用户传送信息。通过使用本发明，用户就能更容易地识别该项商品的交易趋势以及其他各项相关特性。
在屏幕显示中使用了各种缩写词，特别是，在这里再现了屏幕显示中的各列的表头。在表1中提供了一份关于通用缩写词和它们的含义的列表。
表I-缩写词
列 说明 列 说明
Month 到期月/年 TheoBid 理论报价
Bid Mbr(1) 报价成员标识 TheoAsk 理论出价
WrkBuys(2) 针对整个组标识的正在处理的购买 QAct 报价动作(发出具体的报价)
BidQty 供应量 BQQ 测试已报出的报价数量
ThrshBid(s) 阈值报价 BQP 测试已报出的报价
BidPrc 报价 Mkt BQQ 市场已报出的报价数量
Bid Qty Accum 累计供应量 MKt BQP 市场已报出的报价
BidPrc Avg 平均报价 Quote 激活/停用用于报价的合同的检查框
AskPrc Avg 平均出价 Mkt AQQ 市场已出价的报价数量
AskQty Accum 累计需求量 Mkt AQP 市场已出价的报价
AskPrc 出价 AQP 已出价的报价
ThrshAsk(s) 阈值出价 AQQ 已出价的报价数量
AskQty 需求量 Imp BidQty(5) 隐含的供应量
WrkSell(2) 针对整个组标识的正在处理的销售 Imp BidPrc(5) 隐含的报价
Ask Mbr(1) 出价成员标识 Imp AskQty(5) 隐含的需求量
NetPos 实际位置 Imp AskPrc(5) 隐含的出价
FFNetPos 快速执行实际位置 Gamma(3) 在下面给出一部分改变的以增量表示的改变
LastPrc 最终价格 Delta(3) 在下面给出一部分改变的价格改变
LastQty 最终数量 Vola(3) 波动的百分比
Total 总交易量 Vega(3) 给出1％价格波动的价格变化
High 高价格 Rho(3) 给出1％利率变动的价格变化
Low 低价格 Theta(3) 过去的每一天的价格变化
Open 开盘价格 Click Trd 激活/停用通过合同进行点击交易
Close 闭盘价格 S(Status) 拍卖，关闭，快速市场，不可交易的，提前交易，可交易的，S＝后期交易
Chng 最终价格-最终闭盘价格 Expiry 到期月/年
TheoPrc 理论价格
如本文所述，本发明的显示和交易方法向用户提供了比图2所示的市场深度显示系统更多的好处。本发明的水星显示方式和交易方法通过在垂直的或水平的平面图上显示市场深度来保证交易快速准确地进行，当市场价格产生起伏波动时，该平面图也会出现上下或左右的起伏波动。这就使交易者能快速和有效地进行交易。图3的屏幕显示图解了水星显示的一个实例。
市场深度的显示以及交易者在市场深度以内的交易方式可能会以不同方式受到影响，在其中，许多交易者实际上将发现更好、更快和更准确。此外，一些交易者可能会觉得难以跟上市场深度显示。图2所示的显示内容中，市场深度被垂直地显示，使得报价和出价二者在栅格图中顺着往下排列。各项报价顺着市场栅格图逐步降低，各项出价也顺着市场栅格图逐步增加。这种组合可能使一些交易者觉得跟人的直觉相反，而且难以跟得上。
水星显示以一种既新颖又合乎逻辑的方式克服了这个问题。水星显示还在一个简单的窗口中同时提供订单输入系统、市场栅格图、执行窗口以及市场订单的汇总等。这样一种浓缩的显示通过以极其有效的方式输入和跟踪交易情况，来使交易系统大大地简化。水星显示以合乎逻辑的、垂直或水平方式或者从其他方便的角度或配置来显示市场深度。为了方便起见，在图中仅显示和描述了一个垂直的字段，但是字段也可以是水平的或处于一个角度。随之而来的是，水星显示还提高了交易速度，也增加了按照所需价格和所需数量输入订单的可能性。在本发明的优选实施例中，水星显示是一个关于价格的静态的垂直列，在价格列旁边的一个垂直列中显示供应量和需求量，它们对准于相应的报价和出价价格。这种显示的一个实例示于图3。
供应量位于标有BidQ的1003列，需求量位于标有AskQ的1004列，1005列所示的是来自给定商品的代表性的点数。该列并没有列出完整的价格(例如，95.89)，而是只列出价格的最后两位数(例如，89)。在图中所示的实例中，内部市场(即单元1020)的显示为对应于最佳报价89的最佳供应量18，以及对应于最佳出价90的最佳需求量20。在本发明的优选实施例中，这3列以不同颜色来显示，使得交易者们能很快地区分它们。
价格列的数值是静态的，这就是说，他们通常不会改变位置，除非接收到一条重定中心命令，才会发生位置变化(稍后将对此进行详细讨论)。然而，供应量和需求量列里面的数值却是动态变化的，这就是说，它们上下浮动(在垂直的实例中)，以反映给定商品的市场深度。标有LTQ的1006列表示该商品的最终交易量。相对于各种价格数值的数量数值的相对位置反映了该交易数量是以什么样的价格来完成的。标有E/W(已输入的/正在处理的)的1001列显示该交易者的订单的当前状态。每一份订单的状态被显示于它被输入时所在的价格行中。例如，在单元1007，靠近S的数目表示已经按照指定行的价格卖出的交易者被订购的货物的数目。靠近W的数目表示仍在市场中、但尚未执行的交易者被订购的货物的数目，即系统正在进行工作，以执行订单。在这一列中的空白表示已按照该价格输入订单或者正在处理订单。在单元1008中，靠近B的数目表示按照在指定行中的价格已经购买的交易者所订购的货物的数目。靠近W的数目表示仍在市场中、但尚未执行的交易者所订购的货物的数目一即，系统正在进行工作，以执行订单。
各项参数被设置，并且在1002列中提供信息。例如，单元1009中的“10:48:44”表示当天的实际时间。单元1010中的L和R字段表示一个数量值，它可以被添加到已输入的订单数量中去。下面将在关于在水星系统中进行交易来说明这个过程。在单元1011的L和R字段下方显示的数字代表当前的市场容量。该数字是针对已选定合同的已经进行的交易的货物的数目。在单元1012，“×10”显示的是净交易量，表示在已选定的合同上交易者所处的当前位置。数字“10”表示交易者的买入次数减去卖出次数。单元1013是“当前数量”；该字段表示交易者将向市场发出的下一份订单的数量。通过点击鼠标的左和右按钮(向上和向下)，或者点击在单元1014中出现在当前数量下面的按钮，就能调整这个数量。这些按钮按照所指示的数额来增加当前数量；例如，“10”将使之增加10；“1H”将使之增加100；“1K”将使之增加1000。单元1015是清除按钮，点击该按钮将清除当前数量字段。单元1016是数量描述；该单元是一个下拉式菜单，允许交易者从3种数量描述中进行选择。当点击窗口中的箭头按钮时，就显示这个下拉式菜单。该窗口包括实际位置(Netpos)，偏移量(Offset)，以及一个让交易者输入数字的字段。在该字段中输入一个数字将设置一个默认的买入或卖出数量。在该字段中选择“偏移量”将激活单元1010中的L/R按钮。在该字段中选择“实际位置”将按照当前的净交易量(交易者的实际位置)来设置他的下一次交易的交易者的数量。单元1017是+/-号按钮；这些按钮将改变屏幕的大小—放大(+)或缩小(-)。单元1018被用来调用净值0；点击该按钮将把净交易量(单元1011)重新设置为0。单元1019被用来调用净实际量(NetReal)；点击该按钮将把净交易量(单元1011)重新设置为它的实际位置。
随着市场价格的升高或降低，内部市场和市场深度也随之上升或下降。例如，图4的屏幕所显示的市场与图3所示的一样，但在后来的一段时间内，内部市场(单元1101)已经升高了三个点。这里，该商品的内部市场在92(最佳报价)处为43(最佳供应量)，在93(最佳出价)处为63(最佳需求量)。在图3和图4的比较中，可以看出价格列保持在静态上，但是相应的各次报价和出价都顺着价格列而升高。与此相似，市场深度也顺着价格列升高或降低，留下市场的纵向历史记录。
随着市场顺着价格列升高或降低，在交易者的屏幕上所显示的价格列中，内部市场也可能走高或走低。通常交易者希望能看见内部市场，以便对未来的交易作出评估。本发明的系统用单击定中心功能解决了这个问题。在位于“静实际量(Net Real)”按钮下面的灰色区域1021中的任何一点进行单击，系统将在交易者屏幕上进行内部市场的重定中心。同样，当使用的是3按钮鼠标时，不管鼠标指针的位置如何，只要点击鼠标中间按钮，就能在交易者屏幕上重定内部市场的中心。
同样的信息和特征也可以用水平方式来显示和激活。正如图3和图4所示的在垂直的水星显示方式中的市场上升或下降那样，在水平的水星显示方式中，市场将向左或向右移动。也提供从数据的动态显示中收集的同样的数据和同样的信息。可以想见，使用其他的定向方式来动态地显示数据，并且这样的定向方式被纳入本发明的范围内。
其次，说明如何使用水星显示来进行商品交易，特别是，交易订单的提出。使用水星显示和交易方法，交易者首先要指定所需商品，并且，若可行的话，还要指定默认的数量。然后，他通过单击鼠标的右或左按钮，就能进行交易。下列的各方程式被系统用来产生交易订单并用来确定与订单有关的数量和价格。在这些公式中，使用了下列的缩写词：P＝所点击的行的价格数值，R＝在R字段中的数值，L＝在L字段中的数值，Q＝当前数量，Qa＝在一个等于或优于P的价格的AskQ列中所有数量的总和，Qb＝在一个等于或优于P的价格的BidQ列中所有数量的总和，N＝当前实际位置，Bo＝送往市场的购买订单，以及So＝送往市场的销售订单。
使用鼠标右按钮输入的任何订单
Bo＝(Qa+R)P(方程式1)若点击BidQ字段
So＝(Qb+R)P(方程式2)若点击AskQ字段
使用鼠标左按钮输入的订单
若在数量描述字段中选择“偏移量”方式，则
Bo＝(Qa+L)P(方程式3)若点击BidQ字段
So＝(Qb+L)P(方程式4)若点击AskQ字段
若在数量描述字段中选择“数字”方式，则
Bo＝QP(方程式5)
So＝QP(方程式6)
若在数量描述字段中选择“实际位置”方式，则
Bo＝NP(方程式7)
So＝NP(方程式8)
也可以根据在市场中可得到的数量而改变的数量，根据交易者事先设置的数量，以及根据交易者点击哪一个鼠标按钮，来向市场发出订单。使用这个功能，交易者就能按照一次点击所选定的价格，或者优于这个价格，在市场上买入或售出所有的供应量或需求量。交易者还可以在市场上从尚未结清的数量中加上或减去一个预置的数量。若交易者在一个交易单元中进行点击，即在BidQ或AskQ列中进行点击，则他就将一份订单送进市场。订单上的各项参数取决于他点击哪一个鼠标按钮以及他设置了何种预置数值。
使用图5的屏幕显示和数值，通过实例来说明，使用水星显示和交易方法提出交易订单。在BidQ列1201中的18处点击左按钮将向市场送出一份订单，以便按照价格89(在Prc列1203中的相应价格)卖出17批商品(在数量描述下拉式菜单的单元1204上选定的数量#)。类似地，在AskQ列1202中的20处点击左按钮将向市场送出一份订单，按照价格90买入17批商品。
使用右鼠标按钮，将向市场送出一份订单，其价格对应于点击的行，数量为等于或优于在该行中的价格的市场上的订单总数量加上在R字段1205中的数量。因此，在价格行87中的AskQ列1202点击(鼠标)右按钮将向市场送出一份价格为87以及数量为150的订单。150是所有数量30、97、18和5的总和。30、97和18则是在市场中符合或优于交易者的销售订单价格87的所有数量。由于BidQ列1201表示在市场中按照每一种相应价格购买商品的未结算订单，所以这些数量被显示在该列之中。数量5是在R字段1205中事先设置的数量。
类似地，在BidQ列1201的相同的价格水平87处点击右按钮将向市场送出一份数量为5、价格为87的购买限额订单。以相同于上面的方式来确定数量。在这个实例中，在市场上没有等于或优于已选定价格的订单，在AskQ列1202中也没有等于或优于这个价格的数量。因此，等于或优于已选定价格的数量之和为零(“0”)。由交易者输入的订单总数将是在R字段中的数值，该数值为5。
将按照跟上面相同的方式来计算用鼠标左按钮输入的一份订单，以及在数量描述字段1204中选择的“偏移量”选项，但是将加上在L字段1206中的数量，而不是在R字段中的数量。因此，在价格行92的BidQ列1201中点击鼠标左按钮，将按照价格92和数量96向市场送出一份购买订单。96是所有数量45、28、20和3的总和。45、28和20则是在市场中符合或优于交易者的购买订单价格92的所有数量。由于AskQ列1202表示在市场中按照每一种相应价格出售商品的未结算订单，所以这些数量被显示在该列之中。数量3是在L字段1206中事先设置的数量。
在L或R字段中的数值可以是负数。这将有效地降低向市场发出的订单总数量。换句话说，以在价格行87的AskQ列中点击鼠标右按钮为例，若R字段为-5，则向市场发出的订单总数量将为140(30+97+18+
(-5))。
若交易者在数量描述字段1204中选择“实际位置”选项，则点击鼠标右按钮将按照如上所述继续工作。而点击鼠标左按钮将输入一份订单，其价格对应于已点击的价格行的价格，其数量等于交易者的当前实际位置。交易者的实际位置就是在所选定的合同上交易者的当前位置。换句话说，若交易者已购买的合同比他已售出的合同多出10份，则这个数值将是10。实际位置将不影响用点击鼠标右按钮而送出的一份订单的数量。
若交易者在数量描述字段中选择一个数字数值，则点击鼠标左按钮将按照交易者所选定的当前数量向市场送出一份订单。当前数量的默认数值将是输入到数量描述字段的数字，但是通过调整在当前数量字段1204中的数字，可以加以改变。
本发明的这个实施例允许一个交易者在最终交易数量(LTQ)列1207中的任何地方，通过单击右或左鼠标按钮来删除全部正在进行的交易。这允许一个交易者立即退出市场。当交易者们正在赔钱并且希望停止赔钱以免赔得一干二净时，他们就可以使用此项功能。交易者们在获得所期望的利润之后，也可以使用此项功能以便快速地退出市场。本发明还允许交易者在一个特定的价格水平上从市场上删除他的所有订单。在已经输入/正在处理(E/W)列1208中，点击任何一个鼠标按钮将在曾经被点击过的单元中删除所有正在处理的订单。因此，若交易者相信先前在一个特定价格上发出的尚未执行的订单是不良的交易，则他可以用一次单击来删除这些订单。
在图6的流程图中，示出了使用如上所述的根据本发明的水星显示和交易方法来提出交易订单的过程。首先，在步骤1301，交易者让处于交易终端屏幕上的水星显示显示一种给定商品的市场。在步骤1302，在适当的字段中设置各项参数，例如，来自下拉式菜单的L和R字段，以及当前数量，实际位置或偏移量字段。在步骤1303，由交易者将鼠标指针定位于水星显示的一个单元上并进行点击。在步骤1304，系统确定被点击的单元是否一个可交易的单元(即，处于AskQ列或BidQ列之中)。若为否，则在步骤1305，不产生或发出订单，而是基于所选定的单元，来调整其他数量或执行某些功能。否则，在步骤1306，系统确定被点击的鼠标按钮是左按钮还是右按钮。若为右按钮，则在步骤1307，当系统在步骤1310中确定订单的总数量时，它将使用在R字段中的数量。若被点击的是左按钮，则在步骤1308，系统将确定选择哪一种数量描述：偏移量、实际位置或者一个实际数字。
若选择偏移量，则在步骤1309，当系统在步骤1310中确定订单的总数量时，它将使用在L字段中的数量。若选择实际位置，则在步骤1312，系统将交易订单的总数量确定为当前的实际位置数值，即，在给定商品中交易者的实际位置。若一个实际数字被用作数量描述，则在步骤1311，系统将交易订单的总数量确定为已输入的当前数量。在步骤1310，系统将交易订单的总数量确定为R字段的数量(若采取步骤1307)或L字段的数量(若采取步骤1309)加上在市场上价格优于或等于被点击的行的价格的所有数量。这将累加在市场上的每一份订单的数量，市场也将执行正在由交易者输入的订单(加上L或R数值)。
在执行各步骤1310，1311或1312之后，在步骤1313，系统将确定哪一列被点击，是BidQ还是AskQ。若AskQ被点击，则在步骤1314，系统向市场发出一份销售限额订单，其价格对应于其总数量已经被确定的行的价格。若BidQ被点击，则在步骤1315，系统将向市场发出一份购买限额订单，其价格对应于其总数量已经被确定的行的价格。
在表示本发明的各优选实施例的同时，应当明白，以上给出的关于本发明及其具体示例的上述说明仅仅是说明性的，而不是限定性的。在不背离本发明的精神实质的前提下，可以作出属于本发明范围内的许多变动和修改，并且本发明包括所有这样的变动和修改。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于在客户终端上显示市场信息的方法，该客户终端用来接收与正在电子交易所交易的商品有关的命令，所述方法包括：
从电子交易所接收数据，该数据包括与所述商品有关的当前最高报价和当前最低出价；
接收来自用户的输入命令，该输入命令指定将用于多个交易订单的默认数量；
在所述客户终端上提供具有多个位置的第一显示区，在第一显示区中的多个位置之一处显示第一指示符，所述第一显示区中的每个位置对应于沿静态价格轴的价格水平，该第一指示符代表与当前最高报价对应的供应数量；
在所述客户终端上提供具有多个位置的第二显示区，在第二显示区中的多个位置之一处显示第二指示符，所述第二显示区中的每个位置对应于沿该静态价格轴的价格水平，该第二指示符代表与当前最低出价对应的需求数量；
从所述电子交易所接收新数据，所述新数据表示出不同的当前最高报价和不同的当前最低出价中的至少一个；
响应于接收到所述新数据，更新所述第一指示符和所述第二指示符的显示，使得所述第一指示符和所述第二指示符中的至少一个相对于所述静态价格轴在所述第一或第二显示区中移动，同时沿该静态价格轴的价格水平被保持在其相应位置处；
提供与该静态价格轴对准的订单输入区，该订单输入区包括用于接收来自用户输入设备的命令的多个区域，每个该区域对应于该静态价格轴的一个价格水平；以及
接收来自用户的多个命令，每个命令向该电子交易所发送与交易订单相关的命令，每个交易订单具有基于该默认数量的订单数量，其中每个命令是由以下操作产生的：用户输入设备的指针定位于订单输入区中的对应于所希望的价格水平的特定区域上，作为一个单次动作的一部分，选择该特定区域，以基于所希望的价格水平设定交易订单的订单价格参数，并且将与该交易订单相关的数据发送给电子交易所。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个交易订单包括购买和销售商品的交易订单的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述订单输入区还包括：
报价订单输入区，包括用于接收命令以发送购买商品的交易订单的多个区域，每个区域对应于沿所述静态价格轴的价格水平；以及
出价订单输入区，包括用于接收命令以发送销售商品的交易订单的多个区域，每个区域对应于沿所述静态价格轴的价格水平。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述来自用户的多个命令包括发送购买商品的交易订单和发送销售商品的交易订单，并且其中购买交易订单和销售交易订单中的每一个具有基于所述默认数量的订单数量。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述来自用户的多个命令包括发送至少两个购买交易订单。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述来自用户的多个命令包括发送至少两个销售交易订单。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述第一显示区是报价显示区，第二显示区是出价显示区，并且所述报价订单输入区、出价订单输入区、报价显示区、出价显示区和静态价格轴都在图形用户接口上的单个窗口中被显示。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中在所述单个窗口中，所述报价订单输入区与所述报价显示区交叠，所述出价订单输入区与所述出价显示区交叠。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述报价订单输入区与所述报价显示区的交叠允许用户通过将指针定位于所述第一指示符上并选择与当前最高报价相对应的区域，发送购买商品的交易订单，并且所述出价订单输入区与所述出价显示区的交叠允许用户通过将指针定位于所述第二指示符上并选择与当前最低出价相对应的区域，发送销售商品的交易订单。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中用户输入输入设备的单次动作基于所述特定区域设定所希望的价格水平，并且在将交易订单发送给电子交易所之前确定该交易订单是购买商品的交易订单还是销售商品的交易订单。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果在进行所述单次动作时所述指针的位置在报价订单输入区中，则交易订单为购买订单，而如果在进行所述单次动作时所述指针的位置在出价订单输入区中，则交易订单为销售订单。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中用户输入设备的单次动作包括用户输入设备的单击。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中用户输入设备的单次动作包括双击用户输入设备。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括与沿所述静态价格轴排列的价格水平相关联地动态显示输入的订单指示符。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括响应于通过用户输入设备的指针定位于所述输入的订单指示符上进行的用户输入设备后继的单次动作，撤消交易订单。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述用户输入设备后继的单次动作包括用户输入设备的单击。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括接收重定中心命令以在图像用户接口的窗口中使表示出所述当前最高报价和所述当前最低出价的一内部市场居中的步骤。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在图形用户接口上显示静态价格轴的价格水平的步骤。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一和第二指示符由于表示出所述当前最高报价和所述当前最低出价的一内部市场中的变化而处于所述静态价格轴的可视部分之外，并且通过接收重定中心命令使所述第一和第二指示符重新可见。
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US20140129413A1 (en) 2014-05-08
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JP2013093032A (ja) 2013-05-16
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US20030023542A1 (en) 2003-01-30
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US8666858B2 (en) 2014-03-04
EP2299402A3 (en) 2015-03-04
EP2299402A2 (en) 2011-03-23
PT1319211E (pt) 2005-08-31
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US20040210514A1 (en) 2004-10-21
CA2401664C (en) 2016-08-09
JP2013140598A (ja) 2013-07-18
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ATE293266T2 (de) 2005-04-15
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CA2930586C (en) 2019-04-02
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JP2018055713A (ja) 2018-04-05
US20070038556A1 (en) 2007-02-15
CA3067153A1 (en) 2001-09-07
EP1319211B1 (en) 2005-04-13
EP1319211A2 (en) 2003-06-18
BR0108857A (pt) 2003-04-29
EP2306388A2 (en) 2011-04-06
CN1608261A (zh) 2005-04-20
US6766304B2 (en) 2004-07-20
SG173225A1 (en) 2011-08-29
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US7693768B2 (en) 2010-04-06
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US7813996B2 (en) 2010-10-12
CN101430784A (zh) 2009-05-13
SG2013063409A (en) 2016-02-26
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US7676411B2 (en) 2010-03-09
DK1319211T4 (da) 2022-02-21
MX339158B (es) 2016-05-13
KR100841519B1 (ko) 2008-06-25
US10210572B2 (en) 2019-02-19
EP2299400B1 (en) 2019-10-16
CA3029055C (en) 2019-10-15
JP2010191970A (ja) 2010-09-02
US20190139137A1 (en) 2019-05-09
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JP2019164823A (ja) 2019-09-26
US20110153486A1 (en) 2011-06-23
US6772132B1 (en) 2004-08-03
CA3053701C (en) 2020-04-28
WO2001065403A8 (en) 2003-03-20
US20060195388A1 (en) 2006-08-31
US20020059129A1 (en) 2002-05-16
AU4726201A (en) 2001-09-12
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EP1319211B2 (en) 2022-01-26

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