CN101408240B - 带有沿轴向可动的可选单向离合器组件的电动可变变速器 - Google Patents

带有沿轴向可动的可选单向离合器组件的电动可变变速器 Download PDF

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CN101408240B
CN101408240B CN2008101681847A CN200810168184A CN101408240B CN 101408240 B CN101408240 B CN 101408240B CN 2008101681847 A CN2008101681847 A CN 2008101681847A CN 200810168184 A CN200810168184 A CN 200810168184A CN 101408240 B CN101408240 B CN 101408240B
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ring
selectable
way clutch
retention device
along
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CN101408240A (zh
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A·G·霍尔姆斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/084—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate coupling members wedging by pivoting or rocking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
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    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
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    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有沿轴向可动的可选单向离合器组件的电动可变变速器(EVT)。一种EVT，包括两个轴和具有第一和第二环的可选单向离合器(SOWC)。该SOWC选择性地连接轴，并通过使第一环和阻挡装置沿轴向移动到与第二环摩擦接触来产生作用。液压活塞使SOWC产生作用而返回弹簧使它释放。根据旋转阻挡装置的方式，SOWC可沿两个方向惯性转动，或者沿一个或两个方向保持扭矩。一种用于减少EVT中损耗的方法包括：使SOWC的第二环和阻挡装置沿轴向移动到与第一环接触；利用与第一环的摩擦接触使阻挡装置旋转；锁定第一环的旋转使SOWC产生作用；以及使第二环和阻挡装置移动离开第一环一段轴向距离以释放该SOWC。

Description

带有沿轴向可动的可选单向离合器组件的电动可变变速器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2007年9月28日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/975,949的优先权，该申请通过引用而整体地结合于本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及带有可选单向离合器(SOWC)组件的电动可变变速器(EVT)，该可选单向离合器组件具有沿轴向可动的部分，以用于建立三种不同的离合器工作状态的其中一种工作状态。
背景技术
电动可变变速器使用差动齿轮以及一个或两个电动机/发电机，为简单起见也称作“电机”，以容许调节变速器输入对变速器输出的速度比。当结合电能存储装置(例如电池)使用时，EVT尤其可用于混合电动车。相对于某些传统的自动变速器，EVT能够节省燃料，这在某种程度上是由于EVT利用电动机的节能作用而不是液压扭矩变换器的耗能作用。另外，EVT提供连续改变传动比的能力，并且提供在车辆制动或减速的过程中恢复能量、并把这种捕获的能量存储在储能装置内的能力。最后，EVT可辅助较小的且通常更高效的发动机来推动车辆。
EVT可具有单个范围(也称作“模式”)，其中，输入速度、输出速度以及一种或多种电动机转速是彼此之间的线性组合。例如，输出速度可以是输入速度的两倍与一个电动机的转速之和的三分之一。或者，EVT可具有多种范围/模式，以降低调节变速器速度比以及将功率从输入传递或传送到输出所需的电动机功率。
上述多种范围/模式是通过可选扭矩传递装置或离合器的接合来启用的。例如，双模式EVT可具有：用于高变速器速度比的一个范围，该范围通过一个离合器的接合来启用；以及用于低变速器速度比的另一个范围，该范围通过另一个离合器的接合来启用。由于这些范围中的各个范围都是连续可变的，所以该EVT可以设计成以便使变速器在这两个范围所共有的特定速度比下工作来完成这两个范围之间的切换。因此，可以使切换过程同步进行，即在切换过程中离合器之间的相对速度为零。于是切换过程只是一个离合器与另一个离合器之间的扭矩传送而不需要离合器之间的滑移，而电动机在切换过程之前和之后控制经过变速器的速度比。
发明内容
因此，设计了一种带有SOWC的EVT，该SOWC可操作，以用来连接该EVT的第一和第二部件或轴。该SOWC具有一对环，并通过使一个环沿轴向移动、以在多种范围或SOWC的工作模式之间进行选择来促动或应用该SOWC。通过选择不同的SOWC工作模式而实现的不同的变速器工作模式，可降低在某范围中对变速器速度比进行调节所需的电动机功率，该范围是在各种各样的车辆工作条件下获得最佳发动机效率所需的范围。多种范围还可用于减少来自发动机的机械能的量(这些机械能必须被转换成电能然后又变回机械能)，以降低因这些转换而产生的损耗，并且，因此，如果更大损耗并非由在多种范围中工作所必需的装置而引起，则可提高燃料经济性。
根据一个实施例，电动机可以连接到第一和第二轴的其中一个或两个上，以控制第一和第二环的相对速度。该SOWC包括通过与第一环的摩擦接触而移动阻挡装置，该阻挡装置至少部分地决定了SOWC从沿一个旋转方向传递扭矩到沿两个旋转方向传递扭矩的转变。该SOWC可以构造成包括两组沿相反方向定向的撑杆，并且该阻挡装置可以包括多个窗，这些窗相对于这些撑杆对准，以建立多种不同的离合器工作模式的其中一种工作模式，这些工作模式包括沿一个旋转方向、两个旋转方向或不沿任何旋转方向保持扭矩，这取决于阻挡装置阻挡了哪一组或哪几组撑杆。
提供了一种用于EVT的SOWC，并且该SOWC包括：第一和第二环；多个撑杆件，各撑杆件构造成用于沿第一和第二旋转方向的其中一个方向保持扭矩，以建立多种不同的离合器工作模式的其中一种工作模式；以及阻挡装置。该阻挡装置具有多个窗，并通过与第二环的摩擦接触产生运动，以使窗对准。通过使第二环相对于第一环和第二环的旋转轴线沿轴向移动来应用该SOWC。
还提供了一种用于减少因EVT中的拖滞而引起的损耗的方法。这种方法包括：提供SOWC，该SOWC具有可旋转的第一环、沿轴向可动的第二环、以及沿轴向可动并可选择性地旋转的阻挡装置；以及对第二环施加作用力，以使第二环移动到与阻挡装置接触。接着沿轴向移动阻挡装置，以便在阻挡装置和第一环之间形成摩擦接触。摩擦接触使阻挡装置旋转，以便使阻挡装置与第一环对准。这种方法包括：当建立所要求的对准后，锁定第一环沿至少一个方向上的旋转，从而应用该SOWC；以及通过使第二环和阻挡装置移动离开第一环预定的轴向距离来释放该SOWC。
通过下面结合附图对本发明最佳实施方式的详细说明将使本发明的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的具有可选单向离合器(SOWC)的电动可变变速器(EVT)的示意性截面图；
图2是可用于图1所示EVT的SOWC的侧向分解透视图；
图3A是描述根据本发明的多种离合器工作模式的图表；
图3B是本发明的SOWC在第一工作模式下的示意性局部侧向截面图；
图3C是图2和图3B中的SOWC在第二工作模式下的示意性局部侧向截面图；
图3D是图2、图3B和图3C中的SOWC的示意性局部侧向截面图，其示出了图3C的第二工作模式的不同方面；
图3E是图2、图3B、图3C和图3D中的SOWC在第三工作模式下的示意性局部侧向截面图；
图4A是图2所示SOWC在应用过程中离合器速度差-离合器工作模式的关系曲线的图示说明；和
图4B是图2所示SOWC在释放过程中离合器速度差-离合器工作模式的关系曲线的图示说明。
具体实施方式
参看附图，在所有附图中相同的标号对应于相同或相似的构件，从图1开始，在一个实施例中作为电动可变变速器(EVT)示出的变速器10具有带旋转轴线11(见图2)的可选单向离合器18，该可选单向离合器18在下文中简称为SOWC18。SOWC18显示为机械二极管型单向离合器装置，但其也可以采用斜撑离合器、滚柱离合器或本发明范围内的另一种类型的单向离合器的形式。变速器10具有用铁或非铁材料制造或铸造成的固定外罩或壳体13，SOWC18装在该外罩或壳体13中。SOWC18包括第一座圈或环20、第二座圈或环22以及选择器板/环或阻挡装置50，下面将参考图2来对它们进行详细描述。
SOWC18还包括促动器16，例如液压作用活塞或其它以液压方式促动的装置，该促动器16可以在加压液压流体23所施加的力的作用下移动(见图2)。本领域的普通技术人员将理解的是，可根据需要通过泵(未示出)将图2中的流体23经过一个或多个流体通道(未示出)输送到SOWC18。变速器10具有连接到电动机/发电机17上的第一可旋转轴12A，并且该变速器10还包括第二可旋转轴12B。SOWC18是可操作的，以通过根据需要而分别选择性地在第一可旋转轴12A和第二可旋转轴12B之间，和/或在可旋转轴12A、12B的其中一个与变速器10的固定部件例如壳体13之间传送扭矩，来将扭矩从动力源例如发动机(未示出)和/或电动机/发电机17传送到车辆(未示出)的驱动轮。
根据本发明，在所有必需的工作条件下，包括可能由于道路不平而引起的一些随机输出扭矩波动的情况下，变速器10都可以利用SOWC18来成功地调档。SOWC18不会产生显著的拖滞，并且不象传统的湿片离合器那样需要大量的高压供油来促动。因此，利用SOWC18，通过降低变速器10内发生的损耗，变速器10将获得相当大的优点，从而在减少排放的同时优化燃料经济性。
SOWC18的一部分，例如第二环22，是用键联结或用其它方式而可操作地连接到第一可旋转轴12A上，因此第二环22构造成用于或者能够沿第一可旋转轴12A作轴向运动。SOWC18的另一部分，例如第一环20，键联结到变速器10的第二可旋转轴12B上，因此第一环20抵制轴向运动。SOWC18分别连接第一旋转轴12A和第二旋转轴12B，因此可被称作“旋转离合器”，而另一种构造类似的离合器19使第二旋转轴12B与不旋转的壳体13或另一固定部件连接，因此可以被称作“固定离合器”。
参看作为SOWC18一种可行实施方式的图2，第一环20包括圆形中心孔39，并且包括多个沿径向向内突出的齿或键(未示出)，这些齿或键构造成以便与可旋转体(例如第一可旋转轴12A)的沟或槽接合或匹配，以便因而能够与其一起旋转。同样地，第二环22具有圆形中心孔24，可旋转和/或可接地(groundable)的毂(hub)部分(未示出)延伸穿过该圆形中心孔24。本领域的普通技术人员将理解的是，为了能够使扭矩从第一可旋转轴12A(见图1)传送到第二环22，根据应用场合，第二环22可以可操作地连接到复式行星齿轮组(未示出)的倒转齿轮上，或者毂部分(未示出)可以直接键联结到中心孔24上。
第二环22成形为或者构造成以便保留多个扭矩保持楔块、撑杆件或撑杆34，第一环20成形为或者构造成包括用于容纳撑杆34的多个倾斜撑杆套36，其中两组撑杆34和撑杆套36定向不同，以便沿特定的方向保持扭矩，下文将对此进行说明。阻挡装置50定位在相应的第一环20和第二环22之间，并且构造成带有多个相交替的、绕该阻挡装置50沿圆周布置的窗54和阻挡段55。交替的窗54和阻挡段55相对于撑杆34定位成使得通过相对于第二环22旋转阻挡装置50，即可阻挡定向于或面向某一方向或另一方向的所有撑杆34，或者以其它方式防止它们接合第一环20。
可选的对中弹簧38装配在第二环22和阻挡装置50之间，并且适用于使阻挡装置50的各个交替的窗54与这些撑杆34中各不相同的一个撑杆对准。对中弹簧38的一端可以通过在阻挡装置50中形成或钻出的匹配孔35而压配到阻挡装置50上，在另一端处则通过在第二环22中形成或钻出的匹配孔31而压配到第二环22上。对中弹簧38定位于或者布置在当第二环22接触阻挡装置50时在它们之间形成的任何界面以外，以下将对此进行更详细的描述。
第二环22构造成带有多个撑杆穴32，在图2所示的实施例中，这些撑杆穴32可构造成穿过第二环22的通孔，即从第二环22的正面22A完全通到第二环22的背面22B。这些撑杆穴32的其中一半沿某一方向定向，而其余的撑杆穴32沿相反方向定向或对准。这样，使得在任一给定时间，容许有大约一半的撑杆34“锁定”或与第一环20的倾斜撑杆套36相接合，从而沿相应的旋转方向锁定扭矩。撑杆34的不同定向容许一些撑杆34沿轴线方向(箭头A)张开，而其余撑杆34被阻挡装置50的阻挡段55压下，因此第一环20的旋转可以沿一个旋转方向或另一旋转方向被锁定或保持。
阻挡装置50相对于第二环22具有三个有效位置：第一位置，其容许定向于或面向一个共同方向的那些撑杆34接合第一环20，并且相对于第二环22沿着一个旋转方向而锁定该第一环20；第二位置，其容许定向于或面向另一个共同方向的那些撑杆34接合第一环20，并且相对于第二环22沿着另一旋转方向而锁定该第一环20；第三位置，该位置可以由对中弹簧38辅助，如果促动器16已经使第二环22移动到足够接近第一环20，则该第三位置容许两种定向的撑杆34接合第一环20，并且使其相对于第二环22在两个方向上都锁定。
SOWC18还包括也示于图1中的促动器16，例如可对加压液压流体23作出响应的液压作用活塞，该促动器16可以可操作地连接到作用环26上，或者与作用环26整体形成。第二环22和阻挡装置50一起构成SOWC18的沿轴向可动部分21，也就是SOWC18的响应于沿箭头A方向的作用力而可沿轴向移动的那一部分。作用环26具有多个沿轴向突出的齿26A，它们绕作用环26的圆周相互间隔开。这些齿26A具有上表面27，并且均由下表面或凹部28而分开。由于第二环22的撑杆穴32是如上所述的通孔(也就是说它们各自沿轴向穿过第二环22从正面22A延伸至背面22B)，所以作用环26沿箭头A方向的运动容许齿26A进入靠近其定位的对应撑杆穴32中。
作用环26响应于沿箭头A方向作用力的轴向运动在撑杆弹簧37上产生力，撑杆弹簧37位于各个撑杆穴32中、介于各个齿26A的上表面27与撑杆34之间。如果作用在各个撑杆弹簧37上的这种外力没有受到阻挡装置50的、位于撑杆34和第一环20中的相匹配的倾斜撑杆套36之间的阻挡面55的抵抗，由撑杆弹簧37所施加的弹力就将迫使各个撑杆34进入第一环20的匹配倾斜套36中。如果这种外力以这种方式而受到抵抗，那么撑杆弹簧37将压缩，从而提供当阻挡装置50再次移动时用于使撑杆弹簧37迅速展开的潜力。
一旦阻挡装置50置于与第二环22直接接触，则沿箭头A方向持续施加外力将最终使阻挡装置50移动到与第一环20相接触。由第一环20的旋转运动、以及由来自于存在于第一环20和阻挡装置50之间的加压液压流体23的任何中间流体薄膜所产生的摩擦力，将倾向于沿相同的旋转方向拖动阻挡装置50。这种拖动最终将使阻挡装置50以这样的方式来定位，即以阻挡面55覆盖一组共同地定向的撑杆34，并且释放另一组共同地定向的撑杆34，以使它们穿过窗54而移动或展开到第一环20的倾斜撑杆套36中。也就是说，当撑杆34和撑杆弹簧37由作用环26促动时，阻挡装置50将旋转，以覆盖定向成试图使第一环20相对于第二环22锁定的那组撑杆34。
SOWC18中设有返回机构58，返回机构58可以构造成弹簧或别的适当装置，其提供足够的返回力以用于使阻挡装置50和第二环22沿箭头R方向移动足够的距离，以便使撑杆34从第一环20脱离接合。因此，当中止或去除沿箭头A方向的作用力(例如通过临时中断将加压液压流体23供给到促动器16)时，沿箭头R方向的返回力容许SOWC18脱离接合而“惯性转动”，直到要求SOWC18沿一个方向或两个方向接合。
参看图3A，图中示出了用于SOWC18(见图1和图2)的各种离合器工作模式，每种模式都限定了相对于SOWC18的扭矩保持方向。在模式1中，施加到促动器16(见图2)的压力被中止，并且容许SOWC18“惯性转动”，也就是说没有沿任一旋转方向保持扭矩。模式1允许第一环20相对于第二环22不受阻碍地旋转或转动。在模式2A和模式3中，施加到促动器16的压力被起用，并且扭矩沿某一旋转方向被锁定或保持。模式2A和模式2B的工作除了扭矩保持方向之外都是相同的。例如，在模式2A中，可允许第一环20沿正转方向惯性转动或不受阻碍地旋转，而沿倒转方向锁定或阻碍旋转，而模式2B将同样允许第一环20倒转，并沿正转方向保持扭矩。最后，在模式3中SOWC18被锁定，即扭矩沿两个旋转方向被保持。以上大体介绍的应用于SOWC18的各种工作模式分别在图3B、3C和3D中以局部侧向截面图详细示出。
在图3B、3C和3D中，图2中的倾斜撑杆套36以倾斜撑杆套36A和36B示出，用以区分其不同的扭矩保持方向。各撑杆套36A、36B具有基本上竖直的锁定面40和斜面41。图1的撑杆34根据其相应的定向而表示为34A、34B。竖直的锁定面40构造成和/或成形为用以根据需要与撑杆34A、34B对立，从而在选定模式2A、2B、或3的其中一种模式(见图3A)时能够阻止第一环20沿一个方向旋转。同样地，斜面41构造成和/或成形为容许由阻挡装置50将撑杆34A、34B压入到匹配的撑杆穴32A、32B中，以允许相应的第一环20和第二环22(见图2)的其中一个相对旋转。当SOWC18沿一个方向锁定并且正在传递扭矩时，撑杆34端部沿轴线方向的间距可产生倾向于使第一环20从第二环22分开的力，所以当SOWC18沿一个方向锁定时，阻挡装置50上的摩擦力减小，并且通过对中弹簧35(见图2)而使阻挡装置50旋转到图3E中所示的中心位置。或者，对中弹簧35可有助于阻挡装置50上的摩擦力，因此当第一环20相对于第二环22略微旋转以通过一组共同地定向的撑杆34来锁定时，阻挡装置50也相对于第二环22略微旋转，从而露出另一组共同地定向的撑杆34。在此位置，所有撑杆34都与阻挡装置50中的窗54对准，因此可接合第一环20。
如图3B至3E所示，传感器29能够感测、检测或者用其它方法测定环20、22的相对速度，以用于控制SOWC18。第二环22可以旋转或者例如接地到固定的变速器罩或壳体13(见图1)，并且总是容许第一环20旋转。第一环20可连接到与电动机控制器(未示出)相连通的电动机/发电机17(见图1)上，该电动机控制器构造成用以使第一环20和第二环22的转速同步，以有助于SOWC18的促动。然而，本领域普通技术人员将理解的是，在第二环22没有被接地且因此也在旋转的情况下，电动机/发电机17同样将连接到第二环22上并与该控制器(未示出)连通。
在表示模式1或“惯性转动”模式的图3B中，返回机构58(见图2)使阻挡装置50从第一环20分离，从而迫使撑杆34与各个相应的匹配撑杆套36脱离接合。由箭头A表示的作用力(也示于图2中)为零或中止，从而容许上述返回力(箭头R)使阻挡装置50和第二环22自第一环20移动或分开。初始间隔距离(d1)足以确保撑杆34A、34B上的任何部分都不会接触第一环20。因此，如箭头1和2所示，SOWC18可沿各个方向惯性转动。
参看图3C，其表示模式2A或沿倒转方向的扭矩保持，其中作用压力(箭头A)被起用，从而迫使作用环26沿箭头A方向而轴向地运动。这就使SOWC18的沿轴向可动部分21产生移动，并且促动环26和第一环20之间的间隔距离(d2)小于图3B中所示的初始间隔距离(d1)。阻挡装置50阻挡撑杆34A，而撑杆弹簧37迫使前面被压下的任何撑杆34B与第一环20相接合。撑杆34B通过与各个倾斜撑杆穴36B(撑杆34B被迫入或移动到其中)的竖直锁定面40的相互作用而“锁定”。因此，通过容许第一环20沿箭头2的方向旋转、但阻止第一环20沿箭头1的方向旋转(见图3B)，倾斜撑杆套36B内的撑杆34B的定向确保了在倒转位置中扭矩被保持或阻止。
参看图3D，其表示模式2B或沿正向的扭矩保持，作用压力(箭头A)保持起用，该作用压力仍然迫使作用环26沿箭头A方向移动。阻挡装置50阻挡撑杆34B，撑杆弹簧37迫使前面被压下的任何撑杆34A与第一环20相接合。撑杆34A并通过与各个撑杆穴36A(撑杆34A被迫入或移动到其中)的竖直锁定面40的相互作用而“锁定”。因此，通过阻止第一环20沿箭头2方向的旋转，撑杆穴36B内的撑杆34A的定向确保了在倒转位置中扭矩被保持或阻止。
转到图3E，其表示模式3或沿两个旋转方向的扭矩保持，作用压力(箭头A)保持起用，该作用压力仍然迫使作用环26沿箭头A方向移动。SOWC18停止，此时第一环20和第二环22之间各自都没有相对运动。因此阻挡装置50上的拖动消失。没有了这种拖动力，就容许对中弹簧38(见图2)迫使或拉动阻挡装置50与第二环22按要求对准，而容许撑杆弹簧37使前面被压下的任何撑杆34A、34B移动到与第一环20相接合。因此，撑杆34A、34B通过与各个撑杆穴36A、36B(撑杆34A、34B分别被迫入或移动到撑杆穴36A、36B中)的竖直锁定面40的相互作用而“锁定”扭矩。因此，通过阻止第一环20沿箭头1和箭头2方向(见图3B)旋转，倾斜撑杆套36A、36B内的撑杆34A、34B的定向确保了在正转和倒转位置扭矩都被保持或阻止。
如图4A中所示，在模式1中，即“惯性转动”时，为了应用SOWC18，控制器(未示出)分别使第一环20和第二环22循环或同步，因此它们之间的速度差ΔS大致接近于每分钟零转，如点61所示。在点61处传递的某信号促成从模式1到模式2的转变，当速度传感器(未示出)检测到在点62发生变化的ΔS方向达到非负量时，也就是说在点64时，图2中的SOWC18“切换”或转变到模式2A或模式2B的其中一种模式，这取决于第一环20的旋转方向，并且从而沿相应的倒转或正转方向保持扭矩。
由于通过阻挡装置50的移动(见图2、以及图3B至图3E)进行实际切换时固有的时间延迟，在模式2于点65处完全实现之前产生轻微的时滞Δt。虽然ΔS的方向是正的，但是SOWC18继续惯性转动。而在模式2中，当ΔS的方向变负时，也就是在点68处，离合器18锁定。当速度传感器(未示出)检测到离合器零速度差和零速度变化时，SOWC18转变到模式3，因此沿两个方向阻止旋转运动，如图2D所示，从而松开或释放电动机/发电机17(见图1)，以根据需要改变速度。由于通过促动阻挡装置50进行实际切换时的时间延迟，在模式3于点69处完全实现之前产生轻微的时滞Δt。
参看图4B，图中示出了一种类似的速度曲线，从模式3的双向扭矩保持开始，该曲线说明了SOWC18的释放过程。为了启动SOWC18的释放，在点71发出从模式3到模式2的模式转变信号。在到模式2的模式转变之前，SOWC18沿与即将发生的离合器释放方向相反的方向瞬时加载，并且，接下来在模式2A或2B中，离合器18卸载，因此SOWC18可以被轻易地释放。当速度传感器(未示出)检测到ΔS为正时，工作模式在点72处转变到“沿两个方向惯性转动”，即转变到模式1，这是前面所介绍图4A中的初始状态。
虽然已经对本发明的最佳实施方式作了详细描述，但是熟悉本发明所涉及领域的技术人员将意识到处于所附权利要求的范围之内的、用于实施本发明的各种可选设计和实施例。

Claims (12)

1.一种变速器，包括：
第一轴；
第二轴；
可选单向离合器，其具有旋转轴线、第一环以及沿轴向可动的第二环，所述可选单向离合器是可操作的，以选择性地沿轴向移动所述第二环，以便将所述第一轴连接到所述第二轴上；和
电动机，其连接到所述第一轴和所述第二轴的至少其中之一上；
其中，所述电动机可操作，以控制所述可选单向离合器的所述第一环和所述第二环之间的相对速度；
其中，通过使所述第二环相对于所述旋转轴线沿轴向朝向所述第一环进行移动、直至所述第二环锁定到所述第一环上，来应用所述可选单向离合器；
所述可选单向离合器包括至少一个阻挡装置，所述阻挡装置构造成用于通过与所述第一环的摩擦接触而移动，所述阻挡装置至少部分地决定了所述可选单向离合器从沿一个旋转方向传递扭矩到沿两个旋转方向传递扭矩的转变；
所述可选单向离合器包括多个撑杆件，并且所述阻挡装置包括多个窗，并且，其中，通过摩擦接触移动可使所述多个窗以预定方式相对于所述多个撑杆件对准，以建立多种不同的离合器工作模式的其中一种工作模式，包括第一工作模式、第二工作模式和第三工作模式，所述第一工作模式包括所述可选单向离合器沿所述两个旋转方向惯性转动，所述第二工作模式包括沿一个旋转方向保持扭矩，所述第三工作模式包括沿两个旋转方向保持扭矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述变速器还包括作用机构和返回机构，所述作用机构能够沿着与所述第一轴和所述第二轴其中之一的旋转轴线相平行的轴线运动，所述返回机构可操作，以用来将返回力施加在所述阻挡装置和第二环上；
其中，使用所述作用机构来促动所述可选单向离合器，并且使用所述返回机构来释放所述可选单向离合器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述作用机构是液压活塞。
4.一种用于车辆变速器的可选单向离合器，所述可选单向离合器包括：
第一环；
第二环；
多个撑杆件，其均构造成用于沿第一旋转方向和第二旋转方向的其中一个方向保持扭矩，以建立多种不同的离合器工作模式的其中一种工作模式；和
阻挡装置，其具有多个窗，所述阻挡装置构造成用于通过与所述第一环的摩擦接触而移动，从而使所述多个窗以预定方式对准，以建立所述多种不同的离合器工作模式的其中一种工作模式；
其中，通过使所述第二环相对于所述第一环和所述第二环的旋转轴线沿轴向移动来应用所述可选单向离合器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可选单向离合器，其特征在于，所述多种不同的离合器工作模式包括，所述可选单向离合器沿两个旋转方向惯性转动、沿一个旋转方向保持扭矩以及沿两个旋转方向保持扭矩。
6.根据权利要求4所述的可选单向离合器，其特征在于，所述可选单向离合器还包括装配在所述第二环和所述阻挡装置之间的对中弹簧；
其中，所述对中弹簧使所述阻挡装置的所述多个窗中的每一个窗与所述多个撑杆件的各不相同的一个撑杆件对准。
7.根据权利要求4所述的可选单向离合器，其特征在于，所述可选单向离合器还包括液压活塞，以用于使所述第二环相对于所述第一环和所述第二环的所述旋转轴线沿轴向移动。
8.根据权利要求4所述的可选单向离合器，其特征在于，所述多个撑杆件的其中一半构造成用于沿所述第一旋转方向保持扭矩，并且所述多个撑杆件的其余撑杆件构造成用于沿所述第二旋转方向保持扭矩。
9.一种用于减少车辆变速器内因离合器拖滞而引起的损耗的方法，所述方法包括：
提供可选单向离合器，所述可选单向离合器具有可旋转的第一环、沿轴向可动的第二环以及沿轴向可动并可选择性地旋转的阻挡装置；
对所述第二环施加作用力，以使所述第二环沿轴向移动并且与所述阻挡装置接触；
使所述阻挡装置沿所述轴向移动，以在所述阻挡装置和所述第一环之间建立摩擦接触；
利用与所述第一环的所述摩擦接触使所述阻挡装置旋转，从而在所述阻挡装置和所述第一环之间建立所需的对准关系；
当建立了所述所需的对准关系时，阻止所述第一环沿至少一个方向的旋转，从而应用所述可选单向离合器；和
移动所述第二环和所述阻挡装置离开所述第一环预定的轴向距离，从而释放所述可选单向离合器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，移动所述第二环和所述阻挡装置包括对所述第二环施加返回力，同时将所述作用力减小到所述返回力以下足够的水平。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括提供带有多个撑杆件的所述可选单向离合器；
其中，应用所述可选单向离合器包括利用所述阻挡装置来阻挡所述多个撑杆件的其中一半撑杆件。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括提供带有作用环的所述可选单向离合器；
其中，使所述阻挡装置沿所述轴向运动包括应用流体的加压供给，从而使所述作用环移动到与所述第二环相接触。
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US20090084653A1 (en) 2009-04-02

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