CN101375664A - Irrigation paddy field 'wheat culture type' rice high yield wet land seeding method - Google Patents
Irrigation paddy field 'wheat culture type' rice high yield wet land seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101375664A CN101375664A CNA2008100863509A CN200810086350A CN101375664A CN 101375664 A CN101375664 A CN 101375664A CN A2008100863509 A CNA2008100863509 A CN A2008100863509A CN 200810086350 A CN200810086350 A CN 200810086350A CN 101375664 A CN101375664 A CN 101375664A
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Abstract
Rice is the main crop in china, and the rice growing is the first farming. However, with the water consumption accounting for a half of national freshwater resource, the rice is the first water consumer, and the water utilization ratio is low. The phenomenon is described as one kilo of grain requiring one ton of water. Since the 1970s, the rice growing has been a typical example of agricultural non-point source pollution because of high production pursuance, and luxurious and random application of fertilizers and pesticides. For the food and etiological security, the rice growing must be reformed. With the reform of rice growing technology as a target, an ''irrigation paddy 'wheat planting type' high rice production wet planting method'' is invented. The invention comprises: (1) a soil fertility biological repair technology which integrates the soil utilization with the maintenance of soil fertility, with the paddy fertilization and crop rotation as the basis, (2) a direct sowing technology with seeding keeping, weeding and falling prevention technology as the basis, and (3) a novel water-saving rice growing irrigating system, that is, seeding in the wet soil, cultivating the root in a dry tube, developing ear in the ditch water and preventing the weakness in the dry and the wet environment, with physiological water requirement of the rice as the basis. The invention has the specific effects of saving the cost by 10 percent, saving the water by 40 percent, and achieving the stable production of 500Kg/mu, and has other ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
This invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating technique.Be specifically related to similar wheat and make the kind rice method of form, than with basin irrigation, seedling raising and transplanting is the major technique characteristics, current traditional rice cultivating technique of popularizing, this is that a kind of water saving, the environmental protection and the stable yields rice of economizing this make new method.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the staple food crop of China, and rice is the staple food grain of Chinese 60% population, and about 50% peasant household is engaged in rice and produces, and it is China's first farming that rice does.The water of having a large population and a few land is the fundamental realities of the country of China less, how to utilize limited land resources and freshwater resources, ensures China's grain security, is the principal proposition that rice does scientific and technological progress.
Researcher of the present invention think the research of the short bar gene of paddy rice in last century and sterile gene with utilize successfully, to promote paddy rice short-stalked variety and hybrid rice is that the rice of core technology does scientific and technological progress, for making China's paddy rice gross output increase by 265% than in the early days of foundation, per unit area yield improves 226%, for China's grain security is made huge contribution.When the positive effect of abundant affirmation above-mentioned " green revolution ", we must introspect its negative effect: rice does the progressive destruction of ecological resources and expensive.This invention is to make the technical concept of innovation based on new round rice, and innovation environment close friend's rice makes high yield technique, safeguards grain security and Environmental security.
1, current rice makes one of drawback of technology: the freshwater resources high flow rate.
China's regimen is very fragile, is one of country of 13 lacks of water in the world.The world is year freshwater resources 10,000 m per capita
3, China only for this reason the amount 20.8%.Plough and occupy fresh water amount 35295m every year in the world
3Ha
-1, China only be its 57.6%.China is large agricultural country, and agricultural water accounts for 88% of national water consumption, and the Rice Production water accounts for 65% of agricultural water, is first rich and influential family of social all trades and professions water.Urban water supply deficiency surplus having 400 in present 668 cities of China, the rural area also has 6,500 ten thousand populations, 6,000 ten thousand livestock dysdipsias.Annual lack of water 40,000,000,000 m in the whole nation
3It is reported that China owes (mistake) and receives because of the lack of water industry underproduction, agricultural, people's lives difficulty, about 2,300 hundred million yuans of annual loss, simultaneously, the ecological the condition of a disaster that causes because of lack of water is startling especially, the Yellow River cutout, landlocked soil desertifies coastal area groundwater table decreasing, inwelling invasion etc.According to authorities' prediction, the year two thousand thirty will be China lack of water peak period, and only agriculture lack of water will reach 40,000,000,000 m
3, will reach 18,000,000,000 m because of industrial development, population increase water deficit
3, national water deficit will be up to hundred million m surplus 600
3When the time comes China every year per capita water resource only be 1760m
3, near 1700m
3Critical poor-water level.
So rice does to becoming China all trades and professions water first rich and influential family, it is main cause that habituation is basined irrigation.Basining irrigation is the water management traditional approach that Chinese rice makes technology, and is considered as the basic measures of rice high yield.According to the study, disregard atmospheric precipitation, the about 7500m of paddy fields in south china per hectare irrigation water
3, northern irrigation water needs 15000m
3Paddy fields in south china cropping index height is by per hectare rice field water requirement 1.2 * 10
4m
3Meter, existing rice field 2880 * 10, the whole nation
4Ha (4.32 hundred million mu) wherein has 666.7 * 10 approximately
4Though the ha rice field possesses the irrigation system that the development rice does, because of being difficult to protect, insufficient water sources receives, and actual have about 2213.3 ten thousand ha in rice field of irrigation.Annual this part irrigation rice field water consumption 2,656 hundred million m of China
3(with average every mu of rice field water consumption 1200m
3Meter), account for (4,987 hundred million m of the whole nation year water consumption
3) 53.3%, promptly China is annual plants rice and consumes the freshwater resources of half.Add the loss of engineering and non-engineering, the production efficiency of water per ton is very low, only is 0.6-0.8 kilogram/m
3, be equivalent to " ton water jin grain ".
2, current rice do technology drawback two: the fertilizer and pesticide high investment.
Fertilizer and pesticide is given prominence to stable and the area output effect of raising China rice office.But since the seventies in last century, improve rice and more and more rely on fertilizer and pesticide, plant organic green manure, composting and applications of farmyard manure, and the integrated control plant protection technology that is based upon on rational close planting and the water starch management basis falls into neglect, for asking the high yield luxury to use chemical fertilizer, the bad habit of unordered applying pesticides have been looked normally.China's fertilizer and pesticide amount of application is high, compares with international chemical fertilizer applications of pesticide level, and fertilizer amount assert that than FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) unit are chemical fertilizer safety using amount exceeds standard 40%.The average per hectare of various agricultural chemicals is used 9900g, contains each effective constituents 3000g approximately, and Yangtze River Delta developed regions rice makes the dosage per hectare and reaches 13110g, is Europe, 2～3 times of American States' dosage.
In addition, it is also more and more high that rice makes labour's input cost, and according to data in 2005, it was 454.8 yuan that rice makes every mu of 450 kilograms of family plannings product of output cost, and wherein 40% is the labor service input, and 30% is the fertilizer and pesticide input.
3, current rice do technology drawback three: to the environment high pollution.
Rice is multi-level as environmental pollution, and paddy rice is the three-dimensional model plant that pollutes of agricultural.The first, the rice field is greenhouse gases CH
4With N
2The main source of release of O; The second, the residual soil of superfluous farmingization material threatens quality of rice safety, and destroys the soil agricultural productive force; The 3rd, pollute peripheral waters, cause the water quality eutrophication; The 4th, circulating effect worsens rice place of production eco-environmental quality.
According to environmental ecology research, Chinese agriculture production every year is to surrounding enviroment about 2,000 ten thousand tons of the pure N that runs off, about 4,300,000 tons of agricultural chemicals, not only annual direct losses 200～25,000,000,000 yuan, and serious environment pollution.At first be to pollute freshwater resources, 407 monitoring stations of China are to the observational study of 92100km rivers, and existing 49.7% section is contaminated.The lake is also because of contaminated, and the lake water eutrophication is serious, and lake water such as Taihu Lake, Dian Chi, Chaohu on average contain the N amount and reach 3～5mgL
-1, on average contain P
2O
5Amount reaches 0.1～0.35mgL
-1, bio-diversityly being subjected to heavy damage, water quality is stench, and aquaculture descends, in recent years folklore: " sixties, dish was washed in rice washing, and the seventies, laundry was irrigated, and the eighties, fishes and shrimps were peerless, the body and mind injury nineties ", this is contaminated distressed portrayal in the period of the Taihu Lake 30.
Summary of the invention
For alleviating the harmful effect that current rice makes the technology drawback, safeguard that rice does to produce the status in China's grain security system, rice makes technology and must reform.At first be the innovation of technical concept, 21 century rice make innovative technology and not only bear China's grain security, also to bear the few water consumption of resource security simultaneously, the task of ecological safety of low pollution.
The present invention is a kind of irrigation rice field " wheat makes formula " rice high yield wet kind method that is applicable to, it is core that this invention was produced with high (surely), is aided with water saving and increases soil fertility to be the innovative technology (Fig. 1) of target.
Concrete operations of the present invention:
The first step: fertile rice crop rotation---sow green manure winter, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
With Zhejiang Province is example, in late September, per hectare is spread fertilizer over the fields 15～22.5 kilograms in leguminous green manure Chinese milk vetch seed, cleaning ditch before surviving the winter, to protect not ponding of field face, the beginning of spring in next year, per hectare was used superphosphate 150-200 kilogram, in the hope of " with phosphorus nitrogen pick-up " effect, the initial bloom stage the most prosperous, that biological yield is the highest of nourishing and growing mid-April is turned over down native, and per hectare is used 300 kilograms of quicklimes.Chinese milk vetch per hectare fresh weight generally can reach 45000～48000 kilograms, about 13000～14000 kilograms of air dry weight, and the conversion per hectare is produced 225 kilograms of N, 45 kilograms of P
2O
5With 180 public K
2O.
With the general per mu yield biological yield of super hybridized rice 21.0～24.0tha
-1(1400～1600KG/ mu) meter is drawn (being biological fertilizer requirement) one season and is approximately 200～400kgN, P from soil
2O
590kg, K
2O 135kg.Produce 45000kgha
-1The NPK output of the bright grass of Chinese milk vetch can satisfy in theory substantially one season super hybridization rice need fertile.But the nutritive element of organic green manure slowly discharges, the timely modulability supplementation administration chemical fertilizer of still needing, according to counting the experimental tests result in recent years, this dry farming is advocated, about 3 leaf phase per hectares were replenished 150 kilograms in the fertile urea of wean at after planting 7～10 days, sow 20～25 days about 5-7 leaf phases, 225 kilograms of urea of per hectare supplementation administration, 300 kilograms of potassium chloride, 225 kilograms of superphosphate.Green manure growth potential is good, and the high person of output substantially no longer uses ear manuer, granulated fertilizer, relies on green manure fertilizer efficiency slowly releasing effect, and the assurance paddy rice fertility middle and later periods is fertilizer deficiency not.
Second step: bedding is live---and improve work efficiency, reduce labour cost.
Rice direct-seeding key problem in technology point: save three specification requirements such as seedling, anti-crop smothering and control lodging from damage.
△ saves seedling from damage
Determine safe sowing time: according to record, daily mean temperature was stabilized in 17～18 ℃ in after planting 7 days, and accumulated temperature reaches 120 ℃.
Determine suitable sowing quantity: the present invention determines 1～1.25 kilogram of every mu of sowing quantity of paddy rice cross breeding rice combination, 3 kilograms of paddy rice conventional rice variety sowing quantities.With thousand kernel weight 25 grams, germination rate 85%, planting percent 50～60%, hybrid rice becomes seedling 17000～23000 seedlings for every mu, and conventional rice becomes seedling 51000～62000 seedlings for every mu.
Δ improves seeding quality: basks seeds before the seed soaking, and salt solution (proportion 1.13) seed selection, washing back vernalization, the sowing of bud paddy, anti-sparrow, protection against rodents, shallow water bedding (wide zhang of furrow, furrow width chi), the furrow face is smooth, and every furrow quantitatively broadcast sowing or drilling.
The Δ weeding is anti-down: twice weeding method.Weeds were taken precautions against budding period and first seedling stage, used ' millet straw loses ' (commercially available agricultural chemicals, 19.5% butachlor paclobutrazol) of present inventor's development in after planting 3～5 days, every mu 200 gram, main remove weeds such as barnyard grass grass, nutgrass flatsedge and moleplant seed, and have short strong rice seedling to increase the low joint effect of tillering.2～3 leaf phases of rice shoot get grand every mu 20 gram+30% benthiocarb emulsion of 10% Bian sulphur and mix the wean expense for 200 milliliters and spread fertilizer over the fields, and protect shallow water 3～4 days.
The 3rd step: control water utilization---carry out the innovation rice and make irrigation program.
Wet kind of the method in irrigation rice field is at the active water-saving technology that the non-engineering under the stable source of irrigation water condition is arranged, and is different from ' three Norths ' rice district makes area and per unit area yield popularization rice dry-farming for the guarantor rice because of lack of water passive water-saving technology.Its basic norm is: the restraining irrigation water, utilize atmospheric precipitation as far as possible; The appropriateness irrigation of limiting the quantity of needs water but do not limit physiology; Except that thin water layer is irritated in the fertilising medication, do not set up water layer the time of infertility.Concrete operations are the innovation irrigation programs that make up by breeding time:
" wet soil sowing ": pour water before the green manure Chinese milk vetch is contained and spent and turn over, quicken fertilizer and evenly decompose.Water in field is not arranged and is left to corrugate bedding before the sowing, drained field face water before the sowing, wet soil sowing (drilling or broadcast sowing), and the protection against rodents sparrow harm full stand of trying hard to keep.Weed killer herbicide-millet straw loses for the first time.
" shallow water seedling-protection ": by the time 2～3 leaf phases were used weed killer herbicide for the second time, need the shallow water seedling-protection, and it is fertile to execute wean, promotes early to send out.
" drought pipe Baconic ": seedling stage, ditch-water day by day reduced, but that soil still keeps is moistening,〉70% soil saturation water-holding capacity, rice strain blade morning " guttation " is normal.As the high and dry weather of high temperature, blade in morning " guttation " is unusual, and ditch is advanced in instant moisturizing.In the hope of building the good soil environment of root growth.
" ditch-water is educated fringe ": ear differentiation stage ditch-water is continuous, can keep the moistening no water layer of furrow face.In the hope of guaranteeing that the paddy rice moisture-sensitive phase is not in life coerced because of lack of water, can guarantee the soil aqueous vapor balance again, be beneficial to root growth.
" do wet health care ": timely irrigation ditch water of Qi Sui-maturing stage, it is dried to fall naturally, carries out repeatedly, must guard against and cuts off the water supply too early, in the hope of the blue or green dried yellow maturity of rice strain, does not tall and straightly fall.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a technological frame schematic diagram of the present invention, the innovation irrigation program of wet kind of drought pipe of main expression, control water utilization
Concrete enforcement
2006, Linan City, Zhejiang Province what seed multiplication farm of diving.
Kind: hybrid rice state rice No. 6; Area: 86.5 mu.
1 kilogram/mu of sowing on September 28th, 2005 Chinese milk vetch is stayed Chinese milk vetch 1/3 amount of growth, and on April 25th, 2006 turned over soaked until May 25.
It is smooth that 100 tons of (mu) real tillages of pouring water May 28 are put in order furrow (zhang furrow chi ditch) furrow face.Sort seed by salt water presoaking and germinating.June 1 is quantitatively wet soil (the field face does not have the ditch water is arranged) sowing on time, use millet straw on every mu of June 4 and lose 200 grams, used grand 20 grams and 200 milliliters of benthiocarbs of Bian sulphur on June 12,10 kilograms of/mu urea apply fertilizer for the first time, fertilising was June 25 for the second time, 15 kilograms/mu in urea, 15 kilograms/mu of superphosphate, 20 kilograms/mu in potassium chloride.Water is by new irrigation program " ditch-water is educated fringe, does wet health care for wet soil sowing, drought pipe Baconic ".September 5 neat fringe, October 10 harvesting.
Table 1 shows output structure, output effect, herbicidal effect and the effect of increasing income of this invention.
Table 1 was irrigated rice field ' wheat makes formula ' rice high yield wet kind method in 2006
Linan, Zhejiang hybrid combination: state rice No. 6
2007, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province city rain town Kong Cun.
Kind: Zhejiang is excellent No. 1 in the hybrid rice; Area: 56.3 mu.
1.2 kilograms/mu of sowing on September 29th, 2006 Chinese milk vetchs, on April 30th, 2007 was poured water 100 tons/mu, ploughed and cut off 2/3 bright grass-seed, whole ground bedding " wide zhang furrow width chi of furrow " on May 25, May 26 was quantitatively sowed by furrow, broadcast the 3 leaf phases of back and looked into basic seedling 1.85 ten thousand/mu.
Seed is broadcast preceding salt solution (proportion 1.13) seed selection, ' seed soaking spirit ' seed soaking, 1.2 kilograms of every mu of seed consumptions, the sowing of bud paddy.
Broadcast back 3 days spraying herbicide ' millet straw loses ' 200 gram/mus for the first time, 3 leaf phases cooperated executes the fertile every mu of 10 kilograms of urea of wean, uses Bian sulphur the second time and swells 200 milliliters/mu of 20 gram/mus+benthiocarb, with the shallow water weeds that suffocate.
Fertilising: sow 25 days and use short evil fertilizer, every mu of 15 kilograms of urea, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of potassium chloride.
Water: by " wet soil sowing, drought pipe Baconic, ditch-water are educated fringe,, do wet health care " and the new irrigation program water of control water utilization.September 6 neat fringe, October 12 results.
Table 2 shows output structure, output effect, herbicidal effect, benefit etc.
Table 2 was irrigated rice field ' wheat makes formula ' rice high yield wet kind method in 2007
Shengzhou, Zhejiang hybrid combination: excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang
2005, Fuyang, Zhejiang China Paddy Rice Inst test region.
Kind: Zhejiang is excellent No. 1 in the hybrid rice; Area: 24 mu.
1.2 kilograms/mu of sowing on September 30th, 2004 Chinese milk vetchs are stayed Chinese milk vetch 1/3 amount of growth, and on April 23rd, 2005 turned over soaked until May 25.With 100 tons/mu of irrigation waters.
Whole furrow (zhang furrow chi ditch) the furrow face of shallow water real tillage on May 28 is smooth.Sort seed by salt water presoaking and germinating.June 2 is quantitatively wet soil (the field face does not have the ditch water is arranged) sowing on time, use millet straw on every mu of June 5 and lose 200 grams, used grand 20 grams and 200 milliliters of benthiocarbs of Bian sulphur on June 15, execute for the first time fertile 10 kilograms of/mu urea of wean, for the second time execute tillering fertilizer June 25,15 kilograms/mu in urea, 15 kilograms/mu of superphosphate, 20 kilograms/mu in potassium chloride.Water starch management is by new irrigation program " ditch-water is educated fringe, does wet health care for wet soil sowing, drought pipe Baconic ".September 5 neat fringe, October 10 harvesting.
Table 3 shows small size output structure, effect of increasing production, herbicidal effect and the effect of increasing income of this invention.
Table 3 was irrigated rice field ' wheat makes formula ' rice high yield wet kind method in 2005
Experimental example China Paddy Rice Inst test region hybrid combination: excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang
* contrast the field piece: traditional rice does, and basins irrigation, transplants.
7.42 yuan/mu of * are that the output amplitude reduces by 5.3 kilograms/mu value.
Claims (1)
- Irrigate rice field ' wheat makes formula ' rice high yield wet kind method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps with technology and constitute:1) fertile rice crop rotation, the land used combination of increasing soil fertility, biologically rehabilitating soil fertility;2) water farming furrow (wide zhang of furrow, furrow width chi) are sorted seed by salt water, and bud paddy is quantitatively sowed by furrow, ' millet straw loses ' weed killer herbicide, and weeding is anti-down;3) wet kind of drought pipe innovation irrigation program, by water starch management breeding time: " ditch-water is educated fringe, does wet health care for wet soil sowing, drought pipe Baconic " needs control water utilization under the water prerequisite satisfying paddy rice physiology.The technology basic principle: the restraining irrigation water, utilize atmospheric precipitation as far as possible; The irrigation of in good time limiting the quantity of needs water (is index with the rice leaf guttation) but do not limit physiology; Irrigate into the water layer except that the fertilising dispenser, do not set up water layer (ditch-water is continuous, does not build water layer, ground moistening) time of infertility.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101982056A (en) * | 2010-10-10 | 2011-03-02 | 扬州大学 | Paddy rice dry direct seeding straw mulching high-yield cultivation method |
| CN102160495A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for eliminating and degrading non-point source pollutants in field in situ |
| CN102550348A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-07-11 | 黄璜 | Cultivation method for rice direct dibble seeding in wedged ditches |
| CN104541852A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-29 | 韦守国 | Lodging-free cultivation method of super high-yield rice |
| CN104686266A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水稻研究所 | Ridge type wet cultivation technology for paddy rice |
| CN105850470A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Double-cropping planting method for wheat-rice in saline-alkali soil in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature |
| CN108848839A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-11-23 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | It is a kind of reduce rice field nitrogen and phosphorus loss fertilizing method and its application |
| WO2023246170A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Direct seeding and drought management planting-based method for reducing methane emission of paddy field, and use thereof |
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2008
- 2008-03-26 CN CNA2008100863509A patent/CN101375664A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101982056A (en) * | 2010-10-10 | 2011-03-02 | 扬州大学 | Paddy rice dry direct seeding straw mulching high-yield cultivation method |
| CN102160495A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for eliminating and degrading non-point source pollutants in field in situ |
| CN102550348A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-07-11 | 黄璜 | Cultivation method for rice direct dibble seeding in wedged ditches |
| CN102550348B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-07-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for rice direct dibble seeding in wedged ditches |
| CN104541852A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-29 | 韦守国 | Lodging-free cultivation method of super high-yield rice |
| CN104541852B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-12-15 | 韦守国 | Cultural method of the Super High Yielding Rice without lodging |
| CN104686266A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水稻研究所 | Ridge type wet cultivation technology for paddy rice |
| CN105850470A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Double-cropping planting method for wheat-rice in saline-alkali soil in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature |
| CN108848839A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-11-23 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | It is a kind of reduce rice field nitrogen and phosphorus loss fertilizing method and its application |
| WO2023246170A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Direct seeding and drought management planting-based method for reducing methane emission of paddy field, and use thereof |
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