CN101371569B - 使用周期平稳工具箱检测嵌入到噪声中的电视信号的存在 - Google Patents
使用周期平稳工具箱检测嵌入到噪声中的电视信号的存在 Download PDFInfo
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- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
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Abstract
公开了一种用于检测嵌入到接收信号中的电视信号的存在的方法,其中所接收信号包括该电视信号和噪声。可以将这些信号的一阶或二阶周期平稳属性用于它们的检测。当使用了一阶周期平稳属性时,使用以下方法,该方法包括步骤:以因子N上采样所接收信号;对经过上采样的所接收信号的M个分段的组进行同步平均;对该信号执行自相关;以及在该自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在。当使用了信号的二阶周期平稳属性时,该方法包括步骤:以固定延迟量(码元时间)延迟所接收的信号;将所接收的信号与延迟的版本相乘;在输出中寻找音调(单一频率)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及认知无线电领域,并且尤其涉及检测供认知无线电择机(opportunistic)使用的电视信号的存在或者不存在。
背景技术
频谱灵活无线电(也称为认知无线电)代表了用于无线通信的新出现的方法,其中根据需要来使用频谱的若干部分。认知无线电基于外部环境来调节其传输特性。这意味着如果将所述频谱的一部分分配给授权用户并且不在给定位置和时间中使用该部分,那么(FCC规则允许的)灵活无线电就可以使用该频谱。通常,这些灵活无线电设备确定不存在授权设备,以便它们的传输不对授权设备产生有害的干扰。
认知无线电可以用于近距离无线情况(例如医院内的患者监控)中或者远距离无线情况(例如无线最后一英里接入)中。应当注意,参与电视服务的电视接收器并不进行发射。因此,它们的存在难于检测。然而,电视接收器需要来自电视广播站的最低信号电平以进行操作。因此,能够检测深深嵌入到噪声中的电视信号的存在的技术是灵活/认知无线电的关键部分。
因而,在工业中存在开发用于识别深深嵌入到噪声中的电视信号的方法的需要。
发明内容
公开了用于检测嵌入到所接收信号中的电视信号的存在的方法、设备和计算机产品,其中所接收信号包括电视信号和噪声。所述方法包括步骤:确定所接收电视信号的峰值能量;基于所确定的峰值能量来确定电视信号的周期。在本发明的一个方面中,所述确定峰值能量的步骤包括步骤:以因子N上采样所接收信号;对经过上采样的所接收信号的M个分段的组进行同步平均;执行该信号的自相关;以及在该自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在。在本发明的另一个方面中,所述方法包括步骤:以因子N上采样所希望的信号;对该信号执行延迟乘法;执行音调分析;并且在该音调分析的输出中检测单个信号。
特别地,本发明提供一种用于检测表现出周期平稳属性的、嵌入在接收信号中的电视信号的存在的方法,其中该接收信号包括该电视信号和噪声,该方法包括以下步骤:
以因子N上采样该接收信号;
对经过上采样的接收信号的M个分段的组进行同步平均;
对经过同步平均的信号执行自相关;
在自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在;以及
基于所检测的峰值来确定电视信号周期,
其中N的值比所述电视信号的采样率大至少一个数量级,并且在B个邻接的频率段上进行搜索。
本发明还提供一种用于检测表现出周期平稳属性的、嵌入在接收信号中的电视信号的存在的设备,其中该接收信号包括该电视信号和噪声,该设备包括:
用于以因子N上采样该接收信号的装置;
用于对经过上采样的接收信号的M个分段的组进行同步平均的装置;
用于对经过同步平均的信号执行自相关的装置;
用于在自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在的装置;以及
用于基于所检测的峰值来确定电视信号周期的装置,
其中N的值比所述电视信号的采样率大至少一个数量级,并且在B个邻接的频率段上进行搜索。
附图说明
图1A和1B分别说明了传统模拟电视信号的时间表示和频率表示;
图2A和2B说明了示例性数字电视(ATSC)信号的频率表示和帧结构;
图3A和3B说明了传统NTSC(模拟)电视信号的循环相关和谱相关密度;
图3C说明了用于确定输出信噪比(SNR)以便获取电视信号的方法;
图4说明了依照本发明的原理对传统模拟NTSC信号进行检测的结果;
图5说明了依照本发明的原理对示例性ATSC(数字)电视信号进行检测的结果;和
图6说明了用于执行此处所示的处理的系统。
具体实施方式
应当理解的是,这些附图仅仅用于图解说明本发明的概念的目的,而并非意在限定本发明的范围。此处图中示出并且在伴随的详细描述中说明的实施例旨在用作说明性实施例,并且不应当被视为实践本发明的唯一方式。再者,适当时添加了参考字符的相同附图标记用于标识相似的元件。
传统上,周期平稳工具箱用于检测嵌入到噪声中的信号。如果信号具有周期平均和周期方差值(也可以表现出更高阶的周期平稳性,比如四阶),那么信号中就出现了周期平稳属性。图1A和1B分别说明了传统模拟电视信号在时域和频域中的周期性质。参照图1A,传统电视信号具有时间周期属性(H),其中在每个数据帧(458行)之后产生“水平同步”信号。该水平同步信号每秒重复30次。图1B说明了频域中的周期信号,其中信号能量以由“H”给出的行周期所隔开的频率聚集。参照图1A和1B,可以看出传统电视信号的频谱具有高的自相关度,因而具备周期平稳属性。
图2A和2B说明了数字信号的类似周期平稳属性。参照图2A,示出的数字电视信号(IEEE ATSC 53)的频谱在该频谱的预定部分中包括抑制载波,而且总频带类似地是固定的。图2B说明了该IEEE ATSC53数字信号的重复帧结构,其中在24.2毫秒帧中发送313个分段。
大多数现有方法提出使用延迟乘法来检测周期平稳(周期方差)信号的存在。对于数字信号,延迟乘法电路的输出SNR(Osnr)由下式给出
Osnr=γNs(Isnr)2 (3)
其中Osnr为输出SNR;Ns为FFT点的积分时间或者数目;以及γ随不同的检测方案而变化。
然而,γ是小的,并且典型地等于0.0012。
依照本发明的原理,继之以基于音调检测(利用二阶周期平稳属性)的检测信号的同步平均(利用一阶周期平稳属性)或者延迟乘法用于确定包含电视信号和噪声的接收信号的隐含周期性,并且进一步用于检测所接收的模拟和/或数字电视信号的存在。更特别地,利用一阶周期平稳属性的本发明方法可以概括为包括以下步骤:
a.以因子N上采样所希望的信号;
b.对具有M个分段的组执行同步平均;
c.执行该信号的自相关;以及
d.在该自相关的输出中检测峰值的存在。
基于在接收器处对于周期“H”(如图1A中所示)的估计,(由于没有完全确定时钟恢复,因而在B个邻接的频率段(frequency bin)上进行搜索),可以对所接收的输入信号(电视信号和噪声)进行分段,并且对M个这样的分段一起进行平均。B是基于接收器处的时钟精度来选择的,换言之,如果时钟非常精确,那么B是小的,而如果时钟不那么精确,那么B为较大的数。由于“H”较大,因而在估计时钟值中的误差对检测没有显著的影响(此外,在B个邻接的频率段上进行搜索也部分地减轻了这个问题)。在此之后,匹配的滤波器类型检测用于在模拟电视信号中检测同步模式的存在。
在第二方面,利用二阶周期平稳属性的本发明的方法可以概括为包括以下步骤(在B个邻接的频率段上执行):
a.以因子N上采样所希望的信号;
b.对该信号执行延迟乘法;
c.执行音调分析;和
d.在音调分析的输出中检测单个信号。
图4说明了对于大小为M=5、10、15和20的分段、依照本发明的原理对传统NTSC模拟电视信号进行基于同步平均的周期平稳检测的结果。上采样因子N典型地取成比13.5Mhz的模拟电视采样率和10.75兆码元/秒的数字电视采样率大几个数量级。
如所示,对于已知的输入SNR,随着选定的分段数(M)的增加,输出SNR增大。换言之,随着所用的分段数的增加,所接收的信号在更大数量的分段上进行平均,这允许得到更大的信噪比以及在所接收的信号中检测到隐含周期的更大可能性。相应地,M作为所期望信号的周期(H)估计的已知倍数。
图5说明了依照本发明的原理对示例性数字电视信号进行基于延迟乘法和同步平均的检测的结果。在这个所说明的呈示中,相关1表示信号的自相关,随后是阈值检测,以检测场同步信号,而相关2表示如上所述的应用到ATSC(数字)信号以检测分段同步的同步平均。
应当认识到,这里示出的处理可以由在计算机或处理系统上操作的软件和/或硬件代码来执行。该系统可以包括存储向所述处理系统提供必要指令的代码的可编程存储器,即PROM、RAM、FLASH等等。所述代码可以预先存储在所述存储器中,或者可以经由一个或多个计算机可读介质或者通过网络来下载。在另一方面,所述代码可以是装载到向所述处理系统提供必要指令的FPGA或者ASIC中的硬件代码。该处理系统还可以从提供便携式设备的运动指示的一个或多个传感器中接收输入。
图6说明了用于执行此处示出的处理的常规处理器系统600。处理器系统600包括通过通信总线625与存储器615和输入/输出设备620进行通信的处理器610。存储器615可以包括当由处理器610执行时、进行本文所述的处理的指令或计算机代码。输入/输出设备620提供了供处理器610和/或存储器615往返于第二处理系统或信息显示系统接收或者发送信息的手段。虽然未示出,但是应当认识到,可以通过显示器和I/O设备620或者第二处理器系统和I/O设备620之间的一个或多个网络来传输信息。例如,可以在通过I/O设备620的网络上向所述存储器传送计算机代码。
尽管已经显示、描述和指出了应用于本发明优选实施例的、本发明的基本新颖特征,但是应当理解的是,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下,本领域技术人员可以在所描述的设备方面、在所公开的设备的形式和细节方面、以及其操作方面做出各种省略、替换和变化。要明确指出的是,以基本相同的方式执行基本相同的功能以达到相同结果的这些元件的所有组合都落在本发明的范围内。从一个所描述的实施例到另一个实施例的元件的替换也是可完全主张和考虑到的。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于检测表现出周期平稳属性的、嵌入在接收信号中的电视信号的存在的方法,其中该接收信号包括该电视信号和噪声,该方法包括以下步骤:
以因子N上采样该接收信号;
对经过上采样的接收信号的M个分段的组执行同步平均;
对经过同步平均的信号执行自相关;
在自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在;以及
基于所检测的峰值来确定电视信号周期,
其中N的值比所述电视信号的采样率大至少一个数量级,并且在B个邻接的频率段上进行搜索。
2.一种用于检测表现出周期平稳属性的、嵌入在接收信号中的电视信号的存在的设备,其中该接收信号包括该电视信号和噪声,该设备包括:
用于以因子N上采样该接收信号的装置;
用于对经过上采样的接收信号的M个分段的组执行同步平均的装置;
用于对经过同步平均的信号执行自相关的装置;
用于在自相关函数的输出中检测峰值的存在的装置;以及
用于基于所检测的峰值来确定电视信号周期的装置,
其中N的值比所述电视信号的采样率大至少一个数量级,并且在B个邻接的频率段上进行搜索。
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KR100955401B1 (ko) | 2007-09-14 | 2010-04-29 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 싸이클로-스테이셔너리 특성을 이용한 신호 검출 방법 및장치 |
WO2009035221A2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method and apparatus for detecting signal using cyclo-stationary characteristics |
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JP5252430B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-21 | 2013-07-31 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | 信号検出方法,プログラム,情報記憶媒体,及びセンサー |
EP2433381B1 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2014-05-07 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for spectrum sensing of fm wireless microphone signals |
US8750804B2 (en) | 2009-05-31 | 2014-06-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Applying spurious interference rejection to detect incumbent users of television channels |
WO2012040905A1 (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | France Telecom Research & Development Beijing Company Limited | Method of and apparatus for determining occupation of a plurality of wireless channels |
ES2791059T3 (es) | 2011-05-06 | 2020-10-30 | Per Vices Corp | Sistema y método para decodificar una señal de radio |
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JP5106417B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
CN101371569A (zh) | 2009-02-18 |
BRPI0706546A2 (pt) | 2011-03-29 |
US20170223232A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
TWI465109B (zh) | 2014-12-11 |
WO2007083269A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
US9654673B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
US10348939B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
RU2474972C2 (ru) | 2013-02-10 |
EP1980098A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
US20100157066A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
JP2009524277A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
KR101376556B1 (ko) | 2014-04-02 |
KR20080093989A (ko) | 2008-10-22 |
RU2008133571A (ru) | 2010-02-27 |
TW200806024A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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