CN101352216A - A rice product rich in γ-aminobutyric acid and its production method - Google Patents
A rice product rich in γ-aminobutyric acid and its production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101352216A CN101352216A CNA2008101968584A CN200810196858A CN101352216A CN 101352216 A CN101352216 A CN 101352216A CN A2008101968584 A CNA2008101968584 A CN A2008101968584A CN 200810196858 A CN200810196858 A CN 200810196858A CN 101352216 A CN101352216 A CN 101352216A
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- aminobutyric acid
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- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-DABA Natural products NCCC(N)C(O)=O OGNSCSPNOLGXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
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- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims 14
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- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于稻米深加工技术领域，具体涉及一种利用籼稻或粳稻发芽糙米中的高谷氨酸脱羧酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性，生产具有特殊甜香味、富含γ－氨基丁酸的功能性米制品的生产方法及其产品。本发明以籼稻或粳稻糙米为原料，经清洗消毒、浸泡、发芽、清洗打浆、保温转化、滚筒干燥或喷雾干燥等制成的富含γ－氨基丁酸、功能性的营养米片或米粉。与已有技术相比，本发明充分利用了发芽糙米中的谷氨酸脱羧酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性，所生产的米制品具有特殊的甜香味，以干基计，不仅γ－氨基丁酸含量高(1000－1400mg/100g)，且营养价值及消化吸收率高。本发明的产品可作为抗疲劳、降血脂的功能性食品。The invention belongs to the technical field of deep processing of rice, and specifically relates to a functional rice product with special sweet flavor and rich in γ-aminobutyric acid produced by using high glutamic acid decarboxylase, amylase and protease activities in germinated brown rice of indica or japonica rice production methods and products. The present invention uses indica rice or japonica brown rice as raw material, and is made of γ-aminobutyric acid-rich, functional nutritious rice flakes or rice noodles through cleaning and disinfection, soaking, germination, cleaning and beating, heat preservation transformation, drum drying or spray drying. Compared with the prior art, the present invention makes full use of the activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase, amylase and protease in germinated brown rice, and the rice products produced have a special sweet flavor, and on a dry basis, not only gamma-aminobutyric acid High content (1000-1400mg/100g), and high nutritional value and digestion and absorption rate. The product of the invention can be used as functional food for anti-fatigue and blood fat reduction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice deep process technology field, be specifically related to a kind of long-grained nonglutinous rice early or middle Xian or high glutamic acid decarboxylase, amylase and proteinase activity in the round-grained rice sprouted unpolished rice early of utilizing, produce and have the functional rice made products and the production method thereof of special fragrant and sweet flavor, high gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Background technology
China is rice big producing country and consumption big country in the world, about 18,000 ten thousand tons of China's paddy annual production, and wherein long-grained nonglutinous rice annual production early is about 3,200 ten thousand tons, accounts for about 17.78% of paddy total output.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the variation of consumption idea, the consumer not only requires rice that good food flavor quality is arranged, and payes attention to the nutritive value and the health care of rice more.Early long-grained nonglutinous rice, food flavor poor quality low because of poor, the smart head rice yield of milling quality not too is fit to do staple food consumption, but its protein and alpha-aminobutyric acid content height.Therefore, can early indica rice be raw material, the functional rice made products of Development and Production high gamma-aminobutyric acid is to satisfy the demand of people to nutrition, functional food.
GABA (GABA) is a kind of active skull cap components that is distributed widely in the organism, participates in multiple metabolism and physiological activity in the human body.Strengthen with age growth and stress, the oneself accumulation of GABA becomes difficult in the human body, and need replenish by diet.GABA content is lower or be in inactive state in the natural rice, and its effect is lower.Brown rice germination not only can improve its vitamin, mineral matter, dietary fiber, oryzanol, forulic acid equal size, has eliminated ANFs such as phytic acid, and can activate glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), significantly improves GABA content in the brown rice.
The technology of brown rice germination accumulation GABA has been done a large amount of research both at home and abroad at present.The content of GABA is subjected to the appreciable impact of germination condition in the sprouted unpolished rice, the content of GABA is many at 3-30mg/100g in the brown rice, brown rice is at 25-40 ℃ of immersion 6-12h, then in 25-35 ℃ of germination 20-48h, the alpha-aminobutyric acid content of resulting common sprouted unpolished rice is generally at 20-60 mg/100g (Zhou Huiming etc., the research of functional components in the brown rice, food science and technology, 2002, (5): 17-19; Yang Mingyi etc., the physiologically active metallization processes research of sprouted unpolished rice and control, oil and foodstuffs section, 2003, (5): 24-25; Zhang Hui etc., the functional and enrichment utilization in the rice goods of GABA, grain and feed industry, 2002, (8): 41-43; Guo Xiaona, the research of brown rice germination technological parameter, grain and feed industry, 2003, (2): 8-10).Be to improve the content of GABA in the sprouted unpolished rice, and Gu Zhenxin etc. (a kind of production method that is rich in GABA highed milled rice and products thereof. Chinese invention patent publication number CN1751599A document) brown rice is immersed nutrient solution (contain 0.1-1.0g/L CaCl
2, 1-4g/L or 3-12g/L glutamine, 05-2.5g/L ascorbic acid or 0.2-1.2g/L lactic acid, 0.2g/L Cobastab
6) in, cultivate 12-72h in 16-40 ℃ of ventilation, the highed milled rice (its content 15mg/100g) that contains GABA is processed in drying, pearling again; Yang Mingyi etc. (germinated unpolished rice nutritious powder and production technology. Chinese invention patent publication number CN1836558 document) then with isolated rice bran of husk rice and plumule, through further levigate, dry, microwave disinfection and metering packing are made the nutrient powder that contains GABA.(method of enriching gamma-aminobutyric aid from rice germ is seen Chinese invention patent publication number CN1939146 document to Yuan Hongwei etc.; Yuan Hongwei etc. the method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric aid from sprouting brown-rice germ, see Chinese invention patent publication number CN1939144A document) earlier with aid from rice germ or aid from sprouting brown-rice germ degreasing, immerse again in the aqueous solution of pH5-5.5 in 35-40 ℃ and soak 4-5h, sterilize at last, drying, pulverizing etc. make the nutrient powder that contains GABA.Zhang Hui etc. (Zhang Hui etc. a kind of preparation method and application of being rich in GABA rice germ flour, see Chinese invention patent publication number CN1559271A document; Zhang Hui etc. a kind of is the method for feedstock production high gamma-aminobutyric acid powder with the rice bran, see Chinese invention patent publication number CN1995365A document) utilize the endogenous glutamate decarboxylase in rice embryo or the rice bran to transform glutamic acid, produce the germ flour or the nutrient powder of high gamma-aminobutyric acid content.But there is open defect in the technology of inventions such as Yuan Hongwei, and promptly first degreasing not only can have a negative impact to the glutamate decarboxylase activity of aid from rice germ or aid from sprouting brown-rice germ, and has increased the complexity of technology; By this patented method preparing product, alpha-aminobutyric acid content does not reach the effect of its described 300-400mg/100g or 500-900mg/100g in the finished product.And inventions such as Zhang Hui utilize the glutamate decarboxylase in plumule or the rice bran, do not pass through activation processing, have the low and low problem of transformation efficiency of enzymatic activity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, with paddy rice early long-grained nonglutinous rice or middle Xian or early round-grained rice make raw material brown rice, utilize the effect of endogenous enzymes system, production has the functional rice made products of special fragrant and sweet flavor, high gamma-aminobutyric acid, and the present invention simultaneously also comprises the method for the rice made products of producing high gamma-aminobutyric acid.
The present invention realizes by following technical proposal and embodiment:
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of rice made products that is rich in GABA utilizes the effect of endogenous enzymes system, is benchmark with raw material brown rice mass number, and proportioning by weight is as follows:
Raw material brown rice: 100 parts;
L-monosodium glutamate: 0.45-1.85 part;
Calcium lactate: 0.01-0.20 part;
Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.01-0.06 part;
It is produced according to following steps:
(1) will newly gather in the crops morning Xian middle Xian or early round-grained rice paddy rice rice huller paddy obtain raw material brown rice rough the separation with paddy, remove particle, moldy kernel and heterochromatic grain, with 0.05% liquor natrii hypochloritis described raw material brown rice is sterilized, and washes clorox with running water;
(2) be to add running water at 4: 1 to soak described raw material brown rice by the volume ratio of raw material brown rice and running water, soaking temperature is 25-35 ℃, and soak time is 3-6h; Clean with running water afterwards, the raw material brown rice that soaking and washing is good is divided on the net dish or guipure of energy draining, send culturing room to cultivate and make its germination, culturing room's temperature is 25-35 ℃, relative humidity is 85-95%, incubation time is 60-80 h (preferred immersion, germination condition are respectively 30 ℃ and soak 6 h and germination 72h), sprays water 1 time with sprayer every 3-4h, obtains sprouted unpolished rice;
(3) with the sprouted unpolished rice of running water cleaning step (2), be 1 by sprouted unpolished rice and running water volume ratio: 3-1: 5 add running water, and germinated brown rice plasm is made in the sprouted unpolished rice fragmentation;
(4) press proportional quantity and in the germinated brown rice plasm of step (3), add L-monosodium glutamate, calcium lactate and phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate, transfer pH to 6.1-6.5, under 37-41 ℃, leave standstill 3-5 h, obtain the germinated brown rice plasm of high gamma-aminobutyric acid;
(5) germinated brown rice plasm of the high gamma-aminobutyric acid of usefulness milling treatment of colloid step (4) adopts drum-type drying acquisition high gamma-aminobutyric acid rice sheet then or adopts spray-drying to obtain the ground rice of high gamma-aminobutyric acid;
Wherein:
The colloid mill condition: rotating speed is 3000 r/min;
The roller drying condition: the roller rotating speed is 5-20 r/min, and thickness of feed layer is 0.5-5 mm, and the material film temperature is 120-150 ℃;
Spray-drying condition, pressure are 20～30 KPa, and the hot blast wind speed is 5～10 m/s, and intake air temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 60-70 ℃.
As preferred version, one of them scheme of the present invention is, is benchmark with raw material brown rice mass number, and proportioning by weight is as follows:
Raw material brown rice: 100 parts;
L-monosodium glutamate: 0.65-1.05 part;
Calcium lactate: 0.02-0.10 part;
Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.02-0.04 part;
As preferred version, one of them optimum implementation of the present invention is, is benchmark with raw material brown rice mass number, and proportioning by weight is as follows:
Raw material brown rice: 100 parts;
L-monosodium glutamate: 0.93 part;
Calcium lactate: 0.03 part;
Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.03 part;
A kind of production method that is rich in the rice made products of GABA is utilized the effect of endogenous enzymes system, and its step is as follows;
(1) prepare raw material: with raw material brown rice mass number is benchmark, and proportioning by weight is as follows:
Raw material brown rice: 100 parts;
L-monosodium glutamate: 0.45-1.85 part;
Calcium lactate: 0.01-0.20 part;
Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.01-0.06 part;
(2) will newly gather in the crops morning Xian middle Xian or early round-grained rice paddy rice rice huller paddy obtain raw material brown rice rough the separation with paddy, remove particle, moldy kernel and heterochromatic grain, with 0.05% liquor natrii hypochloritis described raw material brown rice is sterilized, and washes clorox with running water;
(3) be to add running water at 4: 1 to soak described raw material brown rice by the volume ratio of raw material brown rice and running water, soaking temperature is 25-35 ℃, and soak time is 3-6h; Clean with running water afterwards, the raw material brown rice that soaking and washing is good is divided on the net dish or guipure of energy draining, send culturing room to cultivate and make its germination, culturing room's temperature is 25-35 ℃, relative humidity is 85-95%, incubation time is 60-80 h (preferred immersion, germination condition are respectively 30 ℃ and soak 6 h and germination 72h), sprays water 1 time with sprayer every 3-4h, obtains sprouted unpolished rice;
(4) with the sprouted unpolished rice of running water cleaning step (3), be 1 by sprouted unpolished rice and running water volume ratio: 3-1: 5 add running water, and germinated brown rice plasm is made in the sprouted unpolished rice fragmentation;
(5) press proportional quantity and in the germinated brown rice plasm of step (4), add L-monosodium glutamate, calcium lactate and phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate, transfer pH to 6.1-6.5, under 37-41 ℃, leave standstill 3-5 h, obtain the germinated brown rice plasm of high gamma-aminobutyric acid;
(6), adopt drum-type drying to obtain high gamma-aminobutyric acid rice sheet then or obtain the ground rice of high gamma-aminobutyric acid by spray-drying with the germinated brown rice plasm of high gamma-aminobutyric acid of milling treatment of colloid step (5);
Wherein:
The colloid mill condition: rotating speed is 3000 r/min;
The roller drying condition: the roller rotating speed is 5-20 r/min, and thickness of feed layer is 0.5-5 mm, and the material film temperature is 120-150 ℃;
Spray-drying condition, pressure are 20～30 KPa, and the hot blast wind speed is 5～10 m/s, and intake air temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 60-70 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopting morning such as " early 944 " filter out, " early drawing No. one " husked indica-type rice from 181 rice variety/strains is raw material brown rice, active high, the GABA enriching quantity height of its glutamate decarboxylase, behind 30 ℃ of immersions 6 h, germination 24h, alpha-aminobutyric acid content can reach 80-90mg/100g in the brown rice, is higher than (20-60mg/100g) level of general sprouted unpolished rice;
(2) at present brown rice germination time of reporting of document is shorter, generally about 24 h.And on the present invention basis that its glutamate decarboxylase activity, alpha-aminobutyric acid content are measured in to the brown rice germination process, selected long germinating time.Living at the glutamate decarboxylase in 30 ℃ germinate the prepared sprouted unpolished rices of 72 h is 11U/100g, alpha-aminobutyric acid content 450mg/100g, has increased 3U/100g and 360mg/100g respectively than the sample of germination 24h;
(3) germinated brown rice plasm with the high glutamic acid decarboxylase is the enzyme source, the monosodium glutamate that stripped conversion adds, and the Nutritive Rice goods of production high gamma-aminobutyric acid content have the high characteristics of alpha-aminobutyric acid content in glutamic acid conversion rate height, the finished product.Glutamic acid conversion rate can reach 89.71%, in the finished product alpha-aminobutyric acid content then up to 1400mg/100g (butt meter), higher 10～18 times than (50～80 mg/100g) of common sprouted unpolished rice.
(4) the present invention originates as calcium ion with calcium lactate, not only can stabilize and increase the activity of glutamate decarboxylase in the germinated brown rice plasm, and can avoid because of adding the bitter taste that calcium chloride causes.
(5) the present invention has optimized the consumption of L-monosodium glutamate, calcium lactate.The calcium ion of suitable concentration and L-monosodium glutamate can promote the formation of GABA, but the calcium ion of high concentration and L-monosodium glutamate then can suppress the into formation of GABA.The present invention is through optimizing test, and per 100 parts of brown rice add L-monosodium glutamate of 0.65-1.05 part and the calcium lactate of 0.02-0.15 part in the germinated brown rice plasm that germination, making beating etc. are made, and can promote GABA to form.
(6) be raw material to cultivate the sprouted unpolished rice that obtains, pull an oar, be incubated conversion, roller drying or spray-drying or the like through cleaning and make Nutritive Rice sheet or ground rice, also can utilize amylase, protease and phytase activity in the sprouted unpolished rice through the long period; Utilize phytase, the hydrolysis phytic acid is produced InsP3, utilize amylase, the macromolecular starch of protease hydrolytic and protein to generate carbohydrate, peptide and the amino acid of solubility, then not only can eliminate ANFs--the harmful effect of phytic acid, and can significantly improve the nutritive value and the digestibility of product.In addition, because the increase of soluble sugar and soluble protein content under the situation of not adding sucrose, has certain sweet taste, and after roller drying or spray-drying, produce special fragrant and sweet flavor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be among the present invention germinating time to the influence of GABA in the sprouted unpolished rice (GABA) content.Condition is: brown rice is at 30 ℃ of immersion 6 h, 30 ℃ of germinations, and the water content of the back brown rice that germinates maintains 53%.
Fig. 3 be among the present invention germinating time to the active influence of glutamate decarboxylase in the sprouted unpolished rice (GAD).Condition is: brown rice is at 30 ℃ of immersion 6 h, 30 ℃ of germinations, and the water content of the back brown rice that germinates maintains 53%.
Fig. 4 be among the present invention transformation time and substrate to the influence of GABA in the germinated brown rice plasm (GABA) content.Condition is: raw material brown rice 30 ℃ soak 6 h, 30 ℃ germinate 72 h after defibrination, sprouted unpolished rice and running water volume ratio are 1: 4,37 ℃, contain in the reaction system of glutamic acid, pH6.1-6.5 of PLP, the 7.50g/L of 0.20g/L and transform.
Fig. 5 be among the present invention substrate kind and concentration to the influence of GABA in the germinated brown rice plasm (GABA) content.Condition is: brown rice soaks 6h at 30 ℃, behind 30 ℃ of germination 72h defibrination, sprouted unpolished rice and running water volume ratio are 1: 4,37 ℃, contain in the reaction system of PLP, pH6.1-6.5 of 0.20g/L and transform 4h.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the production of the rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
181 rice varieties collecting from paddy rice producing region all over China, these kinds belong to early Xian, paddy rice types such as round-grained rice, middle Xian early respectively, through the three-wheel screening test, filter out that glutamate decarboxylase is active high, the GABA enriching quantity is high morning rice variety early 944, early draw the rice varieties of the functional rice made products of suitable making high gamma-aminobutyric acid content of the present invention such as kind, carry out relevant medium rice and the test of the relevant kind of japonica rice early simultaneously, thereby finished the present invention.
The production method of high gamma-aminobutyric acid rice sheet is as follows;
(1) select long-grained nonglutinous rice morning of results (kind is the commercial variety of 944, one public offerings morning) recently, make raw material brown rice rough the separation through rice huller paddy with paddy, and remove particle, moldy kernel and heterochromatic grain, standby.
(2) take by weighing fresh brown rice 100kg after the above-mentioned removal of impurities, carry out disinfection with 0.05% hypochlorous acid solution, in fermentation vat, soak brown rice 6h with the 400kg running water again in 30 ℃, take out and divide on net dish or guipure after soaked brown rice washes with running water, put into the culturing room that relative humidity is 85-95%, cultivate 60 h in 30 ℃ and obtain sprouted unpolished rice (spraying running water 1 time with sprayer) every 3-4h;
(3) sprouted unpolished rice is cleaned with running water, by sprouted unpolished rice and running water volume ratio is 1: 4 adding running water, germinated brown rice plasm is made in the making beating fragmentation, in germinated brown rice plasm, add the L-monosodium glutamate of 0.80kg, the calcium lactate of 0.05kg, the phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate of 0.02kg, behind the mixing in pH6.1-6.5,40 ℃ of following insulation reaction 4 h of temperature.
(4) with the germinated brown rice plasm of the above-mentioned high gamma-aminobutyric acid content of gained with colloid mill (rotating speed: 3000r/min) handle, at last slip is coated on roller drier (producer: (roller rotating speed 5-20 r/min on the drying drum Food Machinery Factory, Dongtai City Co., Ltd), thickness of feed layer 0.5-5 mm), slip is after 150 ℃ of process dryer section are finished drying, with scraper dry is scraped, makes the functional nutrient rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid content, the water content of product≤11% through granulation etc.
Annotate:, then only need the germinated brown rice plasm of the high gamma-aminobutyric acid content of above-mentioned steps (4) gained with milling treatment of colloid (rotating speed: 3000r/min) back spray-dried (condition is: 60-70 ℃ of atomisation pressure 20～30 KPa, hot blast wind speed 5～10 m/s, EAT 180-220 ℃, air outlet temperature) and cool off etc. and to get final product if will make the functional nutrient ground rice of high gamma-aminobutyric acid content.
Embodiment 2: the functional nutrient rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content
According to embodiment 1 described step, in the present embodiment, the concrete consumption of each raw material is: raw material brown rice: 100kg; L-monosodium glutamate: 0.65kg; Calcium lactate: 0.10kg; Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.04kg.The kind of using is 944 (commercial varieties of a public offering) morning.
Embodiment 3: the functional nutrient rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content
According to embodiment 1 described step, in the present embodiment, the concrete consumption of each raw material is: raw material brown rice: 100kg; L-monosodium glutamate: 0.93kg; Calcium lactate: 0.03kg; Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.03kg.The kind of using is 944 (commercial varieties of a public offering) morning.
Embodiment 4: the functional nutrient rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content
According to embodiment 1 described step, in the present embodiment, the concrete consumption of each raw material is: raw material brown rice: 100kg; L-monosodium glutamate: 0.65kg; Calcium lactate: 0.10kg; Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.04kg.The kind of using is early to draw No. one (commercial variety of a public offering).
Embodiment 5: the functional nutrient rice sheet of high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content
According to embodiment 1 described step, in the present embodiment, the concrete consumption of each raw material is: raw material brown rice: 100kg; L-monosodium glutamate: 0.93kg; Calcium lactate: 0.03kg; Phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate: 0.03kg.The kind of using is early to draw No. one (commercial variety of a public offering).
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