CN101341104B - 涂布的显示片及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
涂布的显示片。用于电子和机械显示器的显示片用涂料的涂层涂布。该涂层辅助降低或防止破碎或者震裂和/或改进透光率。还公开了制备涂布的显示片的方法。
Description
本发明涉及涂布的显示片及其生产方法,和更特别地涉及用涂料层涂布的用于电子和机械显示器的窗口。
电子显示器是显示用电产生图形和文本图像所使用的器件。存在许多不同类型的电子显示器,且开发了许多。比较熟悉的电子显示器类型是:液晶显示器(LCD);阴极射线管(CRT);发光二极管阵列(LED)或有机发光二极管(OLED);等离子显示面板(PDP);场发射显示器(FED);和电致发光(EL)显示器。LCD和EL显示器尤其可用于便携式电子器件,这是因为相对于其他显示器技术,它们的重量轻且能耗低。
电子和机械显示器用于宽泛的各种产品中,其中包括,但不限于蜂窝式移动电话;数字和模拟手表;运动计算机(sports computer);监控器;用于计量的机械显示器,例如仪表、液平面指示器、计程器、速度计、里程表、转速计和类似物;照相器材,例如数码或胶片照相机(或者静止或者视频)、曝光表、电子闪光单元、光度计和类似物;度量衡器件,例如伏欧毫安计、自动诊断仪、通讯服务其间和类似物;财务事项器件,例如条形码扫描仪、自动播音机器人、收银机和其他扫描器件;安全器件,例如视网膜扫描仪、指纹读取仪和其他生物测量器件;和掌上电脑(PDA)。
显示器件用窗口的一种选择是玻璃,因为它满足光学透明度和平坦度的要求,和它具有良好的气体和湿气阻挡性能和良好的电子、机械、热和化学抗性。玻璃的一个优点是对于给定的板厚度来说,它的柔性小于塑料,因此它可比相同刚度的塑料窗薄得多,于是它可更加靠近窗口后方的显示器布置,从而允许该产品更薄。然而,玻璃的缺点是,它比大多数常见的塑料脆,且易于破碎,而破碎可产生松散的碎片。因此在许多应用中具有有限的用处。提出了各种塑料作为玻璃的替代品,常常是因为它们比玻璃更加轻质且更加抗破碎。用这种塑料材料制造的显示器已经开发了数年,但塑料具有干扰其性能的局限性。这些局限性包括不满意的光学质量、平坦度、抗划性、耐溶剂性、耐热性和液体与气体的阻挡性能。
已知涂布玻璃窗以保护它们避免破碎和环境损害。例举坚韧、热固性的聚氨酯涂层和膜作为保护玻璃避免颗粒侵蚀、磨蚀和破碎的一类外部透明涂层。参见,例如美国专利5939188,它讨论了这种涂层并提出了改进的多层涂料体系,据说所述多层涂料体系可用于航空运输或者为军事地下车辆用窗口。然而,这种多层涂料体系复杂且要求多步沉积步骤。
还已知用塑料,例如聚氨酯的层涂布玻璃容器,防止这些容器,例如软饮料瓶在冲击时震裂。因此,Waugh的专利4092953和4225638公开了通过绕其水平轴旋转容器,同时多个液体施涂器喷嘴供应未固化的塑料液体到容器上的相关区域上,用塑料层涂布玻璃容器的方法与装置。还在随后固化塑料的过程中旋转容器。然而,这一体系仅仅可用于可绕水平轴旋转的圆柱形物体上。
美国公布专利申请200401052693和20040106707公开了在光学器件的光学表面上压印涂层的方法。该涂层包括选自由二元醇醚、二元醇醚乙酸酯、苯并三唑、硅烷及其结合物组成的组中的至少一种粘合促进剂。它也可包括至少一种可聚合的材料和至少一种聚合抑制剂。粘合促进剂被描述为化学蚀刻、软化基底外表面或与基底外表面反应。然而,使用这种粘合促进剂将复杂化涂料配方。
因此,仍然需要涂布的显示片和涂布具有保护层的显示片,例如用于电子和机械器件的窗口显示器的方法。
本发明满足了这种需求,它提供涂布的显示片。在一个实施方案中,涂布的显示片包括显示片;和在显示片上的涂料涂层,该涂料不含粘合促进剂。
在另一实施方案中,涂布的显示片包括显示片;和在该显示片的上表面和边缘上的整体式涂料。
一种涂布电子或机械器件用显示片的方法包括提供用于电子或机械器件用显示片;在该显示片上沉积可流动的涂料;在垂直轴上旋转该显示片;和固化可流动的涂料以形成用于电子或机械器件的涂布的显示片。
另一方法牵涉涂布电子或机械器件用显示片的上表面和边缘。该方法包括提供电子或机械器件用显示片;在该显示片的上表面上沉积可流动的涂料;在垂直轴上旋转显示片,以便可流动的涂料从上表面流动到显示片的边缘上;和固化该可流动的涂料以在电子或机械器件的显示片的上表面和边缘上形成整体式涂层。
图1示出了旋涂显示片可用的装置的一个实施方案的截面。
图2示出了图1的实施方案的剖视图。
图3示出了使用本发明的一个实施方案制造的层压显示片的一个实施方案。
本发明的显示片具有在一侧(任何一侧)或者两侧(同时或者在不同的步骤处涂布)上的保护涂层。该保护涂层可使显示片避免一种或更多种下述问题,其中所述问题包括降低或最小化破碎机率,或如果它破碎、侵蚀、磨蚀或其他损害的话,降低或防止玻璃片碎裂、震裂或者裂成碎片。涂布的显示片具有改进显示器透光率。当显示片为塑料材料时,涂布的显示片也可具有改进的抗划性。
显示片可以是玻璃、塑料(例如聚碳酸酯等)或陶瓷片。显示片可起到功能或美学目的,例如用于蜂窝式移动电话或者其他电子或机械显示器的窗口,覆盖层。显示片可以是位于电子或机械显示器之上的窗口。或者,显示片可以是显示器本身,即涂层可直接沉积在电子或机械显示器上。
合适的涂料包括,但不限于,聚氨酯、环氧树脂、硅酮、粘合剂、橡胶和丙烯酸类树脂。涂料可以是液体、粉末、等离子体、淤浆、凝胶、膏、糊剂和类似物形式。涂料应当在待使用的特定的施涂条件下能流动。在一个实施方案中,涂料可具有回弹性,以防止碎裂、震裂或者裂成碎片。
一种合适的涂料是未固化的聚氨酯液体塑料,它可通过各种方式来固化,其中包括,但不限于施涂热、紫外光(UV)或红外光(IR)。合适的未固化的聚氨酯液体塑料包括,但不限于,双组分聚氨酯,和已知类型的单组分聚氨酯。合适的双组分聚氨酯的实例是A和B组分的混合物,正如在美国专利No.4092953中公开的类型,其公开内容在此通过参考引入。基本上它是聚醚多元醇组分(A)和二异氰酸酯组分(B),例如脂族二异氰酸酯的混合物,所述聚醚多元醇组分可以是含有合适催化剂的双官能团、三官能团和/或四官能团的聚丙二醇。这类A和B组分的混合物通过催化作用在热,例如通过户外或紫外辐射产生的热下固化。合适的二异氰酸酯的实例是获自E.I.duPont de Nemours & Co.的Hylene W,和合适的聚醚多元醇的实例是一种或更多种获自BASF
Wyandotte的Pluracol材料(P-410或TP-440)。它也可以是聚醚-聚酯多元醇的结合物。组分A∶B的比值优选为50-60∶40-50。可以使用聚酯多元醇或聚内酯多元醇替代聚醚多元醇。
粘合促进剂在该涂料中不是必须的,和优选不包括在内。
在固化之后,涂层优选透明或半透明。然而,所有或者部分涂层可以着色。
尽管优选涂布已经具有合适尺寸的单独的显示片,但也可涂布较大的片材,在涂布之后从所述较大片材中切割单独的小片。
可视需要,或者在涂布之前和/或之后,使用已知的清洁方法,清洁显示片。
显示片可任选地在涂布之前打底。合适的底漆包括,但不限于,硅烷。作为实例,可使用约2%蓖麻油(例如获自The Baker Castor OilCo.)和最大约2%的硅烷(例如获自Dow Corning Corp.的Dow6020、6040或6075)在溶剂(例如70%异丙醇和30%丙酮)内的混合物,所述硅烷分别是3-(2-氨乙基胺)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷。也可使用其他已知的硅烷底漆。可通过任何合适的方式,其中包括但不限于喷涂或浸涂来预施涂底漆。视需要,可通过合适的方法,例如干燥除去存在的任何溶剂。或者,底漆可作为以下所述类型的涂布工艺的一个步骤施涂。
可任选地预调节显示片。预调节包括,但不限于,预热或预冷却到所需温度,或者预清洁。
可使用许多合适的方法,其中包括,但不限于圆顶涂布(domecoating)和旋涂,将涂料施涂到显示片上。可视需要,在加热环境内发生沉积工艺。
在圆顶涂布工艺中,孔隙喷嘴位于待涂布的显示片表面上方并且与其相邻。然后在显示片上沉积未固化的涂料。未固化的涂料流动到显示片的边缘上并终止,从而形成弯月形。然后可固化涂料。在例如美国专利Nos.4100010和4356617中公开了圆顶涂布方法。
单一的孔隙喷嘴可用作未固化的涂料的流体施涂器。在美国专利No.4100010中示出了单一喷嘴施涂器的实例和与之有关的流体供应体系,其公开内容在此通过参考引入。或者,可使用多个喷嘴,这取决于待涂布的显示片的机械性能。可视需要使用“倒吸”控制体系,例如在美国专利No.4225638中所述的体系,其公开内容在此通过参考引入,
在旋涂中,显示片在垂直轴上旋转,在整个表面上分配涂料。通过旋转产生的离心力引起未固化的涂料容易流向(且常常超出)显示片的边缘。仔细控制该工艺可防止涂料在显示片的边缘上流动。允许未固化的涂料流出显示片的边缘导致浪费的涂料;然而,这一方法可比较容易地控制防止流出显示片的边缘。
挡板(shield)(优选一次性)可围绕旋转显示片,以捕获过量的涂料并防止它干扰其他显示片或移动部件。挡板可以是任何形状或材料的隔板(barrier),例如通常由塑料制成的圆柱形、锥形或截头锥形。它可具有开放或封闭的顶部和/或开放或封闭的底部。顶部优选开放以供容易接近转轴(spindle),但视需要它可封闭。可视需要收集废的涂料。若挡板具有封闭的底部,则它可包括管道以允许废的涂料流出以供收集。可视需要在挡板上存在通风装置。
可通过任何合适的方式,其中包括,但不限于机械或电机械方式,将显示片固定到旋转装置,例如转轴或转盘上。例如可使用真空、可剥离的粘合剂、电磁、静电、空气压力或其他紧固体系,固定显示片。真空体系提供容易的方法固定显示片。
优选通过将显示片置于转盘的转轴上,从而旋转显示片。在一个实施方案中,显示片置于其上的真空转轴的内部可抽真空,以保持显示片在原地。旋转转轴与如此固定的显示片将旋转待涂布的显示片。
可在转轴顶部存在流平装置,从而允许显示片当置于转轴上时容易流平。转轴可在任何合适的速度下旋转,但已知通常速度范围为约500RPM-约3000RPM,典型地约600RPM-约2500RPM是合适的。转轴可继续旋转,或者根据特定循环,它们可交替旋转并终止,例如反复旋转5秒并终止5秒。可视需要存在单一的转轴或多个转轴。可按照任何合适的方式,其中包括,但不限于一列,或者在一个或更多个圆内排列多个转轴。
在完成分配和分配循环之后,可固化涂料。优选热固化,但可使用任何合适的固化方法,例如IR或UV固化。可固化涂料同时使显示片保持在原地。或者,可移动涂布的显示片到单独的位置以供固化。
在固化涂料之前,可任选地移动涂布的显示片到单独的位置处,以允许在发生充分的固化之前,未固化的涂料(可继续轻轻地流动)在显示片上达到其最终形状和厚度。在这一“预固化”步骤期间,可视需要加热或者在其他情况下处理显示片,以便影响最终结果。
在预固化和/或固化步骤过程中,可视需要,任选地旋转显示片。
可视需要在控制的温度下发生沉积、预固化和/或固化步骤中的任何一个。温度可保持恒定,或者它可在该工艺的任何步骤期间变化。例如,可在温度可以控制(或者恒定或者变化)的烘箱内发生任何步骤,后固化也可以是理想的。
在固化之后,涂布的显示片可视需要任选地冷却。
涂层的厚度通常为约0.0001英寸至约0.15英寸,和优选约0.0005英寸到约0.010英寸。
令人感兴趣的是,采用刚才所述的旋涂,显示片不需要平坦或者为平面状。相反,它可例如在一个或更多个侧面处具有弯曲部分,且仍然在整个小片上涂布。这意味着待涂布的显示片可以具有复合或复杂形状,而不是简单地平坦的。它也可以是小片的组件,所述小片的组件不仅起到显示片的作用,而且作为器件,例如蜂窝式移动电话的主体。
此外,当旋转显示片时,涂料从上表面流动到显示片的边缘上。因此,显示片的边缘可与上表面同时涂布。当固化涂料时,在显示片的上表面和边缘上形成整体式涂层。该方法不要求额外的步骤涂布边缘。术语“上表面”是指待涂布的表面,与其取向无关。
图1和2示出了根据本发明的装置10的一个实施方案,其中可使用所述装置10旋涂显示片。存在具有中空中心20的转轴15,其中可通过所述中空的中心抽真空。存在固定到转轴上的流平器件25。显示片35置于流平器件25上,和抽真空使显示片保持在原地。沉积涂层40并在显示片35上固化。挡板30围绕转轴15。
可视需要,使用涂层,将两个显示片层压在一起,正如图3所示。涂层110可施涂到显示片105上。然后可将具有涂层110的显示片105置于显示片100上。然后固化涂层110。在层压之前或之后,显示片100和105中的一个或两个可具有施涂到相对侧上的涂层(未示出)。显示片100和105可以具有相同的或不同的尺寸,这取决于应用。
实施例1
采用双面涂布的胶带将2个预清洁的玻璃显微镜载片固定到转轴上,和每一个在约800RPM下旋转,同时未固化的聚氨酯液体沉积在玻璃片上成0.002英寸的涂层厚度。然后固化聚氨酯。落球试验表明尽管玻璃破碎,但所有的小片保持基本上在一起。
实施例2
采用聚氨酯离心流延0.040×1″×1″的玻璃载片。中心处的厚度为0.002英寸,而在边缘处它从侧面中心的0.003英寸变化到角落处的0.004英寸。
进行落球试验,和玻璃震裂。然而,所有小片保持基本上在一起。在下述条件下进行落球试验:
a)球的直径0.656;
b)球的重量18.9g;
c)下落的thru barrier27.25英寸长
d)离下落区3″的圆筒(barrel)
e)下落区3/8×6″×14″
为了比较目的,在通过筛网印刷方法而不是旋涂方法用Deco-chem涂布的3块玻璃载片0.040×1×3上进行落球试验,且结果为下述:
A载片1次冲击Deco-chem无色(clear)-震裂-小片分离
B载片润湿干燥Deco-chem无色-震裂-小片分离
C载片润湿干燥润湿Deco-chem无色-震裂-小片分离
筛网干燥
1次冲击 1 1
湿法干燥 1 1
1 1
润湿干燥润湿 1 1
11 1
实施例3
用99%的醇(异丙醇)清洁7片玻璃蜂窝式移动电话窗,然后在2500RPM下,采用4次脉冲注射经4-5秒用未固化的聚氨酯液体旋转流延,然后在升高的温度下压板固化。结果为在每一小片上聚氨酯相对均匀的涂层。
实施例4
将配件固定到玻璃上,并通过在1-1500R.P.M下,旋转流延1)进行5秒和终止5秒共10分钟,实现约0.001英寸的中心厚度;和2)旋转流延进行5秒和终止5秒共有限的时间,以产生中心厚度为约0.002英寸的较重的涂层,从而施涂未固化的聚氨酯液体。
详细地并通过参考本发明的具体实施方案描述了本发明,但要理解,可在没有脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明范围的情况下各种改性和变化是可能的。更具体地,尽管本发明的一些方面在此处鉴定为优选或尤其有利的,但认为本发明不不必限于本发明的这些优选方面。
Claims (13)
1.涂布电子或机械器件用显示片的方法,它包括:
提供用于电子或机械器件的玻璃显示片;
在该显示片的上表面上沉积可流动的涂料;
在垂直轴上旋转显示片,以便可流动的涂料从上表面流动到显示片的边缘,其中该可流动的涂料选自聚氨酯、环氧树脂、硅酮、橡胶和丙烯酸类树脂;和
固化该可流动的涂料,形成用于电子或机械器件的涂布的显示片,其中固化的涂料在显示片的上表面和边缘上形成整体式涂层。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在旋转显示片之前,在显示片上沉积可流动的涂料。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中在旋转显示片的同时,在显示片上沉积可流动的涂料。
4.权利要求1的方法,它进一步包括在显示片上沉积可流动的涂料之前,预调节显示片。
5.权利要求1的方法,它进一步包括在固化可流动的涂料的同时,加热显示片。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中在固化可流动的涂料的同时加热显示片包括改变加热温度。
7.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在固化可流动的涂料之前,在显示片上流平可流动的涂料。
8.权利要求7的方法,进一步包括在流平可流动的涂料的同时,加热显示片。
9.权利要求8的方法,进一步包括在流平可流动的涂料的同时,旋转显示片。
10.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在固化可流动的涂料的同时,旋转显示片。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中在范围为500RPM-3000RPM的速度下旋转显示片。
12.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括沉积可流动的涂料之前,施涂底漆到显示片上。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中底漆是硅烷。
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2006
- 2006-08-24 KR KR1020087006983A patent/KR101331040B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-24 EP EP06802214A patent/EP1928798A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-24 WO PCT/US2006/033020 patent/WO2007025011A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-24 CN CN2006800381806A patent/CN101341104B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-24 US US11/509,835 patent/US7722924B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-05-24 US US12/786,076 patent/US20100233357A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7722924B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
US20070048528A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR101331040B1 (ko) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2007025011A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
EP1928798A1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
CN101341104A (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
US20100233357A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
KR20080051140A (ko) | 2008-06-10 |
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