CN1012943B - 消除有机物气味的方法 - Google Patents
消除有机物气味的方法Info
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Abstract
由各类有机物分子产生的气味可以消除到含量在嗅觉器官探测阈值之下,此方法是将该种产生气味物质与一种结晶形硅质分子筛相接触,该分子筛的四面体氧化物单元至少约90%是SO2四面体,孔隙开口大小标称值至少为直径5.5,并且其中原来的水合水已基本上除掉,在25℃和水蒸汽压力(P/P0)4.6乇测定的吸附水容量不大于10%(重量)。
Description
本发明是涉及气味的消除,更具体讲,是通过液体或气体介质与具有某些关键物理及化学性质的晶形分子筛相接触而从这些介质除掉产生气味的有机化合物的方法。本发明还涉及适用于本方法的分子筛组合物。
一些物质有气味,还有一些没有气味。所以到现在虽然通过反复多次研究并提出若干理论,但仍然是未有确切答案的问题。按照物理学理论,气味是由于有气味物质发出的高频辐射与嗅觉感受器中的色素粒的相互作用。这种辐射是来自于每种特性气味物质的特性分子振动,而各种气味之不同是由于所发出辐射的波长之不同。在化学理论中,是由于该类分子的官能部分与嗅觉感受器发生反应,然后由大脑接收感觉到是气味。根据最新的推断,对气味感觉器的精密刺激的能量是来自于一种气味物质的电化学作用,更具体讲是由于一个类别的分子溶解于该种嗅觉粘液时产生的键角度改变,结果是由该嗅觉感受器探查到的静电电场的变化或不平衡。这种理论能够解释为什么化学结构很不相同的许多种物质能具有相同或相似的气味,以及为什么两种或多种气味物质的混合物被觉得是无气味。
且不论为什么某些物质表现出气味的原因,人们提出了许多消除这些气味的方法。一般来讲,这些方法可以归为两类,即(a)气味遮盖,即将一种带有强烈并使人较有快感气味的物质放在含有具不快气味的物质的区域中,目的是使用主导的快感气味使该嗅觉感受器过负荷;或者(b)应用一种对气味物质有优先吸着性能的吸着剂,通过化学反应、吸
附或吸收作用将该具不快气味物质螯合。上述后一类方法与本发明有较大关系,但仍未知所涉及的机制是物理吸附或是化学吸附,还是两者都有。
长期以来,最常用的固体吸附剂是活性碳,但也提出应用硅胶、活性氧化铝、硅藻土、漂白土和其他粘土矿物和沸石单独使用或组合使用作为气味“吸附剂”。在美国专利4,604,110中披露了使用硅胶、活性碳和一种沸石的混合物用作为室内空气除气味的空气过滤元件的吸附剂。在美国专利3,789,799中提出一种苜蓿、膨润土和一种粘合剂的混合物,用于吸附和中和动物废料的气味。在美国专利4,437,429中提出了使用水合沸石与粘土的混合物,该混合物特别适用于控制宠物垃圾,业已观察到,使用沸石本身作为处理垃圾的材料由于它们吸附水的性质不及粘土,所以一般都不很成功。关于应用粘土与沸石混合物吸附动物垃圾的某些气味,美国专种4,437,429提出,其中的沸石成分不仅是以其水合物状态使用,而且该水合水是原来的水合水。据说使用曾经过热处理将其原来的水合水除掉的沸石时,靠再加入水是不足够的。
一般来讲,当使用沸石作为气味抑制用途时,优选的沸石是具有构架Si/Al比率较低、并对于水或其他高极性分子如氨或硫化氢有很高吸附容量的品种。前述美国专利4,437,429所披露的内容中,有许多种所谓高氧化硅沸石是特别值得注意的,这些沸石是应用诸如四烷基铵离子之类的有机模板剂所合成。这些包括有ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-12、ZSM-23。最适宜的沸石类别是天然矿物斜发沸石,它的标准构架SiO2Al2O3摩尔比率约为10。美具专利4,648,977也提出了使用高氧化硅分子筛,包括二氧化硅的多晶体物Silicalite(硅沸石)用于从含水介质中吸附包括硫醇在内的毒性有机物质,达到水纯化的目的。
业已发现,通过在-25℃-100℃,最好0℃-40℃温度范围与一种晶型硅质分子筛接触可以基本上消除某些带气味有机化合物的气味,
在该种分子筛中,至少约90%,最好至少约95%的构架四面体氧化物单元是SiO2四面体,并且在25℃和4.6乇对水的吸附容量低于10%(重量)。关于硅铝酸盐分子筛,适用于本发明实施的品种的构架SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比率为约35至无穷大,最好是200-500。全部适用的硅质分子筛的孔径为至少5.5A,最好为至少6.2A。在25℃和水蒸汽压力(P/P0)为4.6乇时,对水蒸汽的吸附容量最好低于6%(重量)。应用于本发明实施的该种分子筛的效能,与由于进行水一热处理的结果而存在于该微孔结构的内穴中的水合水存在量并无关系。事实上,这种原来的水合水至少是一大部分,通常是基本上全部在除掉该吸附剂可能含有并由于堵塞孔隙的模板剂的过程中被除掉。燃烧即可有效地除掉该有机部分。再者,应用水洗或用苛性碱或稀无机酸溶液洗涤以从孔隙系统中除去外来的合成药剂是有益的方法。将所含的碱金属,特别是非沸石成分的碱金属,即所包藏的碱金属含量降低,也是有益的。这些方法也用于除掉原来的水合水。
适于由本方法处理的带气味有机化合物可以是在23℃的蒸汽压力大于1mm Hg的任何种类的有机物分子。业已观察到,许多种具有更不快气味的化合物在加入到液态水中时,会使其表面张力降低。这些化合物是最适宜由本发明的方法来处理的一类物质。能够被适当处理掉的物质的总类别包括由人类感觉愉快或不快气味的物质。因此,由于在控制气味中能消除一般认为不快的气味而能带来最大益处,最好在本方法所处理的有机化合物是属于下列次级分类类别之一:
(a)含有-COOH或-CHO基并且少于12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和链脂酸和醛、例如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸(α-甲基丁酸)、己酸以及辛酸。
(b)硫原子的价数低于6,特别是价数为2的有机含硫化合物,例如巯基化合物,即具通式R-S-H的硫醇及苯硫酚,其中“R”是含1-8个
碳原子的烷基或链烯基、苯基或含6-9个碳原子的取代的苯基;具通式R-(S)n-R的硫化物,其中n的值为1-4,“R”与上述巯基化合物中的函义相同;具如下通式的硫醛和硫酮:
其中R′是氢或R,R是含1-8个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,或一个苯基,或含6-9个碳原子的取代的苯基;还有
(c)氮原子价数为3的有机含氮化合物,例如是具有通式RNR′的脂族胺,其中R是氢或R′,R′是含有1-6个碳原子的烷基或链烯基;以及含有一个亚氨基的杂环含氮化合物,并且亚氨基中的氮原子是该杂环的一个部分,特别是吡咯,更特别是在α-位置未曾取代的吡咯,还有缩聚的吡咯即吲哚,即吲哚本身以及其取代的衍生物。
属于这三个次级分类中的具体化合物包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、γ-羟基丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸(α-甲基丁酸)、乙酸、辛酸、异丁醛、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、丙硫醇、烯丙硫醇、异戊硫醇、正丁硫醇、巴豆基硫醇、苯硫酚、邻-甲基苯硫酚、烯丙基化二硫、烯丙基化硫、戊基化硫、二烯丙基化硫、苄硫醚、甲苯硫酚、异丁硫醛、异戊硫醛、γ-羟基丙基甲基化硫、β,β′-二氯乙烯基化硫、二甲基化四硫、甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、烯丙基胺、3-甲基吲哚(粪臭素)、4-甲基吲哚、7-甲基吲哚、β-(吲哚基-3)丙酸、α-氨基-β-(吲哚)丙酸(色氨酸)以及吲哚乙酸。
在本发明的实施中适用的硅质分子筛包括微孔结晶型硅酸盐,即沸石类分子筛以及所谓的二氧化硅多晶型物。关于后者的组成,它们的晶格是完全由SiO2四面体单元形成的理想形式,但刚刚合成出来的形式一般含有至少是痕量的来自合成药剂的铝杂质。硅铝酸盐分子筛包括一大类的人所熟知的结晶型沸石。这些高氧化硅含量的分子筛可以从市场购
得,或者用本技术领域中熟知的方法制备,包括直接水热法合成或某些类型的晶格除铝方法。在E.M.Flanigen的一篇总结文章中,全面评述了“高”Si/Al沸石和二氧化硅分子筛,此文刊于“Proc.,5th.Int.Conf Zeolites,Naples,1980”,L.V.C.Rees,ed.,Heyden,London,pp 760-780。这篇文章作为本发明的参考资料。
本发明的一个关键性方面,就是该硅质分子筛对水的吸附容量在上述条件下小于10%(重量)。另一个关键就是该晶格中的AlO2四面体单元的数目,即使存在的话,与SiO2四面体单元的数目相比也是极少的。业已观察到,构架SiO2/Al2O3的比率与对水的吸附容量之间存在某种关系,亦即所谓的硅质分子筛的疏水性。但是还观察到,在某些情况下,例如对于β-沸石以及氧化硅多晶型物TEA(三乙胺)-硅酸盐,它们的高硅量晶体并不伴随显著的疏水特性。关于此问题,请参阅后文所述的实例40的吸附剂。因此,虽然许多构架SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比大于约18,特别是大于约35的分子筛显示足够的疏水性而适用于本发明,而有些却不是这样。
已知的是,为能成功地消除气味,必须能有效地隔离气味来源分子使其含量低于它们能被探查到的阈值,而这个阈值在所有情况下都是一个极低的浓度。例如,许多种硫醇在浓度为每升空气0,00000004mg时已能为人类的嗅觉系统探查到。因为通常的周围大气环境中由鼻子吸一下气的体积约为50ml,所以很明显,此种硫醇能由人类嗅觉探查到的量只有约0,000000002mg。这样小的量已超出一切类型测试仪器的分析能力之外,包括气相色谱法在内。所以在已有技术中曾经提出,分子筛吸附剂具有极高的选择能力,能够把有机物分子螯合到这样的程度,使得吸附剂外面的残余浓度低于探测阈限值。
因此很明显,在本方法中所涉及到的远超过亲有机物的选择性问题。这里并不打算受制约于任何一种具体理论,但相信很可能要涉及下述的
一种或多种现象。一种预见是涉及一个催化过程,在这个过程中有气味分子本身起反应或与存在的其它类分子,例如氧起反应,形成对嗅觉感受器不再有刺激作用的化合物或聚合物。已知的是,当有机物所含的原子和结构相似时,高分子量分子要比低分子量分子的气味小得多;正癸硫醇和月桂硫醇的气味并不比它们相对应的醇的气味更大。因此,聚合和缩聚反应可以是有利于本方法的。另一个可能性是,有气味分子在此处所涉及的高硅量沸石吸附剂上的吸附等温线,在极低的被吸附物分压范围要比以前所预期的具更陡斜率。由于经常见到的有气味分子的分压很低,由上述原因使高氧化硅吸附剂表现出更优的吸附性能。另外还有一个因素,可能是有气味分子和分子筛之间的范德华相互作用力,使得有气味分子被牢固束缚和固着在该吸附剂内。还可能有两种或多种不同有气味分子的共吸附作用,结果产生一种协合作用,使两者的气味都被消除。
无论其原因为何,业已发现按如上定义的中至大孔隙的硅质分子筛,并将其原来的、刚刚合成时所带的水合水基本上除掉,并且其对水的吸附容量不大于10%,最好不大于6%(重量,25℃、水蒸汽压力P/P0为4.6乇时测定),对于气味的消除具极优的效能。应用有机模板剂所制备的多种合成沸石,很容易制备成高硅形式的沸石一有些甚至是由含未曾有意地加入的铝的反应混合物制备而成。。这类沸石具明显的亲有机物性质,包括ZSM-5(美国专利3,702,886);ZSM-11(美国专利3,709,979);ZSM-35(美国专利4,016,245);ZSM-23(美国专利4,076,842);还有ZSM-38(美国专利4,046,859),此处举出的只是一小部分。业已发现,已知是硅沸石和F-硅沸石的该种氧化硅分子筛特别适用于本发明,因此以之作为优选物质。这里物质分别在美国专利4,061,724和4,073,865有所披露。在此程度上,前述的硅质分子筛是合成为SiO2/Al2O3比率大于35,这些分子筛常常可以不需任何进一步处理来提
高其疏水性程度即可适用于本发明。对于不能直接合成为既具有很高Si/Al比率和/或也具有高度疏水性的分子筛,可以通过除铝技术、氟处理等等而得到亲有机物沸石产物。对Y-沸石进行高温水蒸汽处理而得到疏水形式的产物,此法是P.K.Maher等人在“Moleculer Sieve Zeolites,“Advan,Chem.Ser.101,American Chemical Society Washington,D.C,,1971,p,266中所报道。有一份更近的报道,其方法适用于一般种类的沸石,其中包括除铝处理和用硅取代而进入已除铝的晶格点中。此方法披露于1985年3月5日颁发给Skeels等人的美国专利4,503,023。
用卤素或卤化物处理沸石以提高疏水性的方法披露于美国专利4,569,833和4,297,335。
关于前文所述的吸附剂,重要之处是孔隙系统是开放性的,以便有气味分子能通入该等晶体的空穴中。对于应用大的有机模板离子,如四烷基铵离子所制备的硅铝酸盐或氧化硅多晶型物,必须除掉电荷平衡有机物离子以及所包封的模板物质,以使之能吸附有气味分子。在将上述这些物质以及无机残渣物清除的过程中,原始的水合水也被除掉。在将之暴露于大气中时,又得到一部分水合水,但这并不影响该种分子筛用于实施本发明所必要的特性,亦即该种分子筛既可以在水合态,也可以在脱水态使用,但一般最好在脱水态使用。在上述的大部分除铝过程中,原来的水合水也被除掉,并在需要时可以按类似方式将之取代,以用于本发明之实施。
应当指出,构架SiO2/Al2O3的比率是很重要的。这个比率与常规湿法化学分析所示之值并不一定相同。特别是当采用高温水蒸汽处理法进行除铝时,该沸石中的含铝四面体单元被破坏,但在该沸石晶体中铝的含量数值仍保留,至少是部分保留。对于此种沸石产物必须再求助于其他的分析方法,例如用X-射线法和核磁共振法。有一种命名为LZ-10的
经水蒸汽处理的Y-沸石组合物特别适用于本发明之实施,特别当与氧化硅多晶型物即硅沸石组合使用时。在美国专利4,331,694和1978年2月23日提出的美国专利申请系列号880,561中描述了制备LZ-10的方法。按如此组合的分子筛采用一切比例都显示出它们的益处,但其中每一类型的吸附剂的含量最好是占该两种吸附剂总重量(以水合后重量为基准)的至少10%。
该种硅质分子筛吸附剂与气味来源的接触方法并没有严格的限定,但所采用的方式应与离子型有机物不同,而是分子与之接触,甚至包括存在液体水或水蒸汽的情况亦为如此。相信本方法基本上是一种吸附过程而不是离子交换过程。该种硅质分子筛可以是与稀释剂、载体、分散介质等形成组合物的形式,甚至可以有含水介质,并以该配制剂形式施用于气味来源。组合物的形式可以是粉剂、附聚物、气雾剂或成型为一种形状,即单元片状材料,它们可以直接施用于气味的集中源,或将之放置于含有带气味分子的气流通过的区域。具体用途包括将该等吸附剂加入到爽身粉、脚气粉、生殖器官喷剂、月经垫、猫秽物箱、尿片、涂手膏、濑口水、无纺卫生纸等等,用于在浴室、厨房、垃圾压实机和贮存罐、电冰箱、橱柜等等防除气味。
接触时的温度条件并不重要,但最好在-25℃-40℃范围,即任何季节和任何地理位置的环境大气温度。压力也不是很重要因素,但最好至少约1大气压。本方法由后述的实例加以闸明。将许多种高硅铝硅酸盐和氧化硅多晶型物以可重视和前后一致的方式暴露于各种有气味物质,用以确定所吸附的气味的绝对或相对量。在实验中,应用了带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的硅橡胶隔膜的带螺旋盖小瓶。测得该小瓶的容量为43.5±0.1毫升。
所用的活性碳吸附剂是由Analabs,Inc,Hamden Connecticut供应,标签为ANASORB级的70/80筛目的色谱级产品。准备试验的吸附剂在小
瓶中称重,然后将小瓶封盖。用一个Hamilton注射器将被吸附物加入到已封口的小瓶中。用手工振摇试样,将液/固/汽物相混合,并在称重和混合后5-20分钟内以气相色谱分析小瓶的上部空间。
为测定该挥发性受试化合物在空气中的最大蒸汽浓度,将纯化合物置于43.5ml容量的小瓶中,并在分析之前至少贮存1小时。一般情况下将43.5ml小瓶上部空间的2微升一份试样进行分析;向其中注入2微升空气以保持始终一致的大气压力。
在每次注射试样之前和之后,将注射针置于200℃和真空条件下(估计压力<5×10-3乇)的注射器清洁器中。热源是用一个100瓦灯泡置于注射器上方1-2英寸处。这样做可以避免吸附在注射器的聚四氟乙烯零件上的蒸汽分子的交叉污染作用。这项加热热处理是在使用前约5分钟在真空室下进行。经过这个清洁步骤后,对室内空气进行分析,表明在注射器中无污染。
采用气相色谱分析技术以测定在样品小瓶上部室间中有气味组分的浓度。该色谱柱内径0.32毫米,长30米,采用熔融二氧化硅吸附剂毛细管柱,内涂以1微米Carbowax(聚乙二醇)作为吸附剂。应用火焰离子化鉴定器测定保留时间。色谱炉条件为50℃历时4分钟,然后以每分10℃升温至150℃。
实例1:
(a)在空而加盖的43.5ml小瓶中加入10微升异戊二酸,用上述试验方法测定上部空间中的浓度为668ppm。其保留时间为4,83分钟,在4.22分钟出现另一个小的色谱峰。
(b)向上述(a)所用含有异戊酸的小瓶中加入0.5g碳酸氢钠。该小瓶的上部空间的异戊酸浓度下降至2.2ppm。在(a)所观察到的4.22色谱峰依然存在,另外出现了4.87、6.36、6.61和6.96新的色谱峰。
(c)向上述(a)所用含有异戊酸的小瓶中加入0.5g活性硅沸石和
LZ-10沸石等份重量的混合物,测得小瓶上部空间的异戊酸浓度下降至0.82ppm,另外在4,22处的色谱峰消失,并且未增加任何新的色谱峰。
实例2:
(a)进行实例1的相同试验和分析,应用异丁醛作为气味成分。发现该试验物质含有轻质杂质,其保留时间在3-6分钟范围,异丁酸的保留时间为18.88分钟。异丁醛的保留时间为16.74分钟。向30微升异丁醛中加入0.5g碳酸氢钠使上部空间的蒸汽浓度下降至单独异丁醛时的浓度的21.4%。在加入碳酸氢钠后,上部空间中原来的异丁酸浓度有22%留下,同时轻质杂质的浓度只稍有下降。
(b)应用上述(a)的相同步骤,但用0.5g活性碳(Columbia Grade JXC 6/8)代替碳酸氢钠,发现在小瓶上部空间中留下4.5%的异丁醛和3.0%的异丁酸浓度。但轻质杂质也被除掉。
(c)采用上述(a)、(b)两部分的方法,在将0.5g硅沸石与LZ-10沸石的等份混合物加入到30微升异丁醛中,使小瓶上部空间中99.3%的异丁醛浓度和98.9%的异丁酸浓度被除掉。有一些轻质组分未被除掉。
实例3-10:
对8种不同的吸附物质试验了在三乙胺的上部空间的脱除气味能力,三乙胺是动物和人类排泄物中的普通成分。在进行此等试验时,在43.5ml小瓶中置入500mg固体吸附剂,并且加入足够量的三乙胺,使得三乙胺的重量负荷为4.37%。为进行对比,也将三乙胺加入无吸附剂的小瓶中。按前述的相同方式分析小瓶中上部空间的蒸汽。在实例3中所用的LZ-20吸附剂是从Y沸石制备,制备方式与LZ-10基本相同,只是水蒸汽处理条件不太荷刻,所得吸附剂在25℃和水蒸汽分压(P/P0)为4.6乇时的水吸附容量约10%(重量),钠含量(按Na2O计算)为0.2%(重量,无水物基准)。在实例10及其后的实例中所用的LZ-105-5吸附剂是一种ZSM-5型沸石,制备时未用有机模板的物质并经过酸洗处理,
得到的沸石的SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比率约36.7,Na2/Al2比率为1.19。实例6所用吸附剂组合物是硅沸石和LZ-10的等份重量混合物。下表示出分析结果。
表Ⅰ
吸附剂 上部空间中三乙胺浓度
ppm
无 470.
实例3 LZ-20 .003
实例4 LZ-10 .010
实例5 活性碳 .017
实例6 LZ-10;硅沸石 .033
实例7 硅胶 19.74
实例8 硅沸石 <108.
实例9 NaHCO <108
实例10 LZ-105-5 <108
实例11-20
进行与实例3-10相同的试验,其中气味物质改为异丁醛。完全无吸附剂时上部空间的饱和浓度为772ppm。经用吸附剂处理后,测得异丁醛含量如下:
表Ⅱ
上层空间异
吸附剂 丁醛浓度,ppm
实例11 无 772
实例11 LZ-20 .007
实例12 LZ-105-5;LZ20* .009
实例13 硅沸石;LZ-20* .026
实例14 LZ-105-5 .062
实例15 硅沸石 .069
实例16 活性碳 .069
实例17 LZ-10;硅沸石* .093
实例18 LZ-10 .108
实例19 硅胶 .479
实例20 NaHCO3177.56
*=重量份数
实例21:
应用异戊酸和丁硫醇的组合物来测定等份重量LZ-10与硅沸石的组合物的负荷重量百分数。其结果如下:
表Ⅲ
吸附剂上负荷重量百分数 处理后空气中残余浓度
(ppm)
异戊酸 丁硫醇 异戊酸 丁硫醇
无 无 1.58 206
0.93 0.83 .0012 .0011
1.86 1.67 .0011 .0011
2.79 2.65 .0019 .0097
3.71 3.33 .0014 .0136
7.43 6.67 .0021 .0762
9.29 8.34 .0174 4.73
实例22-29:
应用多种其他物质进行与实例21相同的试验。结果如下:
表Ⅳ
上部空间组成;ppm
吸附剂 异戊酸 丁硫醇
无 1.58 206
实例22 LZ-20 .0104 .2266
实例23 LZ-10 .0038 .5768
实例24 LZ-105-5 .5846 .0659
实例25 硅沸石 .3160 4.326
实例26 硅胶 .8216 6.386
实例27 硅沸石;LZ-20* .0237 .2060
实例28 LZ-105-5;LZ-20* .0111 .0659
实例29 硅沸石;LZ-20* .0174 .0082
*=等重量份数
实例30:
将实例22-29的各试样封盖后在室温存放24小时后再次测量。所得结果如下:
表Ⅴ
上部空间组成,ppm
吸附剂 异戊酸 丁硫醇
无 1.58 206
硅沸石 .0458 .1133
LZ-20 .0190 .7416
LZ-10 .0790 2.06
LZ-105-5 .4266 2.47
硅沸石 ;LZ-10 .5214 28.84
实例31-35:
将新鲜大蒜剁碎成细泥,在6个43.5ml封盖的小瓶中各放入0.5g。在其中5个小瓶中加入0.5g吸附物质,将之振摇。立即以及24小时后用气相色谱分析上部空间蒸汽。在下列表Ⅵ中示出其结果:
表Ⅵ
吸附剂 残余气味,
%饱和度
立即 24小时
无 100 100
实例31 硅沸石 ;LZ-10* 0.29 0.61
实例32 LZ-10 0.58 4.10
实例33 活性碳 0.25 0.47
实例34 硅沸石 0.18 0.29
实例35 NaHCO329 36
*=等重量份数
实例36-40
按实例22-25的相同方式进行试验,应用0.5g新鲜切碎的洋葱。在表Ⅶ中列出所得结果:
表Ⅶ
残余气味,
吸附剂 %饱和度
立即 24小时
无 100 100
实例36 硅沸石 ;LZ-10* 7.3 5.1
实例37 硅沸石 6.5 1.9
实例38 LZ-10 21.10 2.5
实例39 活性碳 7.5 9.1
实例40 NaHCO335 59
*=等重量份数
实例41:
为了确定某些疏水程度不足的高硅分子筛不适于用作为本发明的吸附剂,将一种构架SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比率为25.4,25℃和4.6乇水吸附容量为14.28%(重量)的β-沸石与异戊酸进行接种试验。通过主观的用鼻“吸气”试验发现,经过与该种吸附剂接触之后,来自异戊酸的气味仍有显著量残留下来。
一种二氧化硅多晶型物TEA(三乙胺)-硅酸盐(美国专利4,104,294)的特殊样晶具有构架Si/Al摩尔比率为381,并且其一般特性为非强疏水性,并且25℃和4.6乇的水吸附容量仅为2.3%(重量)。当使用此样品与异戊酸进行试验时,可探查到某些气味。此种反常现象的原因仍为未知。
Claims (20)
1、一种用于从环境中除去有机物气味的方法,包括在-25-100℃,应用一种至少经部分活化的晶形硅质分子筛接触并吸附该等有机化合物的分子,该分子筛中至少约90%的构架四面体氧化物单元是SiO2四面体,其孔隙直径至少为5.5A,并且在25℃和水蒸汽压力4.6乇时所测吸附水容量不大于10%(重量),所述有机化合物分子的接触和吸附达到的程度是吸附剂上方的残留浓度低于人们嗅觉的检测阈。
2、按权利要求1的方法,其中该硅质分子筛的吸附水容量为不大于6%(重量)。
3、按权利要求1的方法,其中该硅质分子筛是一种构架SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比率大于35的铝硅酸盐。
4、按权利要求3的方法,其中该铝硅酸盐的SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比率为200-500。
5、按权利要求2的方法,其中该硅质分子筛是一种二氧化硅多晶型物。
6、按权利要求1的方法,其中该硅质分子筛包括一种二氧化硅多晶型物与具构架SiO2/Al2O3比率为200-500的铝硅酸盐的混合物。
7、按权利要求1的方法,其中该产生气味的有机化合物在23℃的蒸汽压力大于1mmHg,并且当将之加到液态水中时,使水的表面张力降低。
8、按权利要求1的方法,其中该产生气味的有机化合物包括含有单个-COOH或-CHO基,并且含有少于12个碳原子的脂族酸或醛。
9、按权利要求8的方法,其中该有机化合物是异戊酸。
10、按权利要求8的方法,其中该有机化合物是丁酸。
11、按权利要求1的方法,其中该产生气味的有机化合物是一种硫的原子价数小于6的含硫有机化合物。
12、按权利要求11的方法,其中该有机化合物具有通式R-S-H,其中R是含1-8个碳原子的烷基或链烯基或苯基,或含6-9个碳原子的取代的苯基。
13、按权利要求1的方法,其中该产生气味的有机化合物是一种氮原子价数为3的含氮化合物。
14、按权利要求13的方法,其中该含氮化合物具有通式R2NR′,其中R是氢或R′,R′是含有1-6个碳原子的烷基或链烯基。
15、按权利要求14的方法,其中该含氮化合物是三乙胺。
16、按权利要求13的方法,其中该含氮化合物是吡咯或一种经取代的吡咯。
17、按权利要求14的方法,其中该含氮化合物是3-甲基吲哚。
18、一种用于从环境中除去有机物气味的方法,包括在-25~100℃,应用一种由二氧化硅多晶形物和骨架SiO2/Al2O3之比至少为35的Y型沸石的混合物组成的组合物接触,并吸附这些有机化合物的分子,所述的二氧化硅多晶型物和所述的Y型沸石各自具有在25℃和水蒸汽压力4.6乇测定时不大于10%(重量)的吸附水容量。
19、按权利要求18的方法,其中该二氧化硅多晶型物是硅沸石,该Y型沸石是LZ-10。
20、按权利要求1的方法,其中该结晶形硅质分子筛含有少于0.2%(重量)的碱金属(按无水基准计算)。
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US4795482A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-03 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for eliminating organic odors and compositions for use therein |
US5254337A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1993-10-19 | Uop | Deodorizing compositions for animal grooming |
JPH01159029A (ja) * | 1987-12-16 | 1989-06-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JPH0438790Y2 (zh) * | 1988-04-07 | 1992-09-10 | ||
US5019062A (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-05-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bicomponent material |
US5037412A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-08-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US5342333A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1994-08-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
CA2011670A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-09-20 | Diane L. Furio | Absorbent structures with odor control |
US5161686A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1992-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Odor-absorbing web material and medical material packages containing the web material |
US4910295A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-03-20 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Process for reducing the odor of ethylidene norbornene present in EPDM resin |
CA2071962C (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1994-09-20 | Nancy Karapasha | High capacity odor controlling compositions |
CA2071906C (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1999-12-28 | Diane Lynn Furio | Odor controlling compositions and articles |
USH1579H (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1996-08-06 | Furio; Diane L. | Odor-controlling compositions and articles |
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- 1987-06-30 US US07/067,977 patent/US4795482A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-04 US US07/128,649 patent/US4826497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-06-29 AT AT88110381T patent/ATE77261T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-29 MX MX012091A patent/MX167444B/es unknown
- 1988-06-29 ES ES198888110381T patent/ES2031956T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-29 DE DE8888110381T patent/DE3872064T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1988-06-29 AU AU18542/88A patent/AU602411B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-06-29 CN CN88103833A patent/CN1012943B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-06-29 EP EP88110381A patent/EP0297543B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1988-06-29 BR BR8803205A patent/BR8803205A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-29 HU HU883368A patent/HU206456B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-29 KR KR1019880007880A patent/KR940004617B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-29 JP JP63159580A patent/JPH074503B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-29 IN IN451/MAS/88A patent/IN171667B/en unknown
- 1988-06-29 CA CA000570796A patent/CA1314275C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-13 IN IN883/MAS/88A patent/IN172098B/en unknown
-
1992
- 1992-09-17 GR GR920401273T patent/GR3005711T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GR3005711T3 (zh) | 1993-06-07 |
US4795482A (en) | 1989-01-03 |
CN1035095A (zh) | 1989-08-30 |
IN171667B (zh) | 1992-12-05 |
IN172098B (zh) | 1993-04-03 |
AU602411B2 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
DE3872064D1 (de) | 1992-07-23 |
BR8803205A (pt) | 1989-01-17 |
ES2031956T3 (es) | 1993-01-01 |
AU1854288A (en) | 1989-01-05 |
MX167444B (es) | 1993-03-23 |
KR940004617B1 (ko) | 1994-05-27 |
HUT48123A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
EP0297543A3 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
JPS6485113A (en) | 1989-03-30 |
ATE77261T1 (de) | 1992-07-15 |
EP0297543A2 (en) | 1989-01-04 |
DE3872064T2 (de) | 1993-02-04 |
JPH074503B2 (ja) | 1995-01-25 |
US4826497A (en) | 1989-05-02 |
CA1314275C (en) | 1993-03-09 |
HU206456B (en) | 1992-11-30 |
KR890000111A (ko) | 1989-03-11 |
EP0297543B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
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