CN101283215A - 气罐及其制造方法 - Google Patents
气罐及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101283215A CN101283215A CNA2006800377162A CN200680037716A CN101283215A CN 101283215 A CN101283215 A CN 101283215A CN A2006800377162 A CNA2006800377162 A CN A2006800377162A CN 200680037716 A CN200680037716 A CN 200680037716A CN 101283215 A CN101283215 A CN 101283215A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas tank
- elastomer particles
- thermosetting resin
- particle
- thermoplastic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- -1 naphthenic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011353 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004843 novolac epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- LTVUCOSIZFEASK-MPXCPUAZSA-N (3ar,4s,7r,7as)-3a-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C([C@H]1C=C2)[C@H]2[C@H]2[C@]1(C)C(=O)OC2=O LTVUCOSIZFEASK-MPXCPUAZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URJFKQPLLWGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=[C]N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 URJFKQPLLWGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCCCOCC1CO1 WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUAUJXBLDYVELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2,2-dimethyl-3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC(C)(C)COCC1CO1 KUAUJXBLDYVELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical class CCC1=CN=C(C)N1 RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CC(C)=CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C12 MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010007247 Carbuncle Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001079 Thiokol (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Substances FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1CCCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21C VYKXQOYUCMREIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
- B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
- B29C70/025—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
- F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7154—Barrels, drums, tuns, vats
- B29L2031/7156—Pressure vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0607—Coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
- F17C2203/0673—Polymers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2154—Winding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
- F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/011—Improving strength
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0178—Cars
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1369—Fiber or fibers wound around each other or into a self-sustaining shape [e.g., yarn, braid, fibers shaped around a core, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种气罐及其制造方法,该气罐具有阻气型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳。该气罐的特征在于,所述外壳包括增强纤维束(A)、热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C),并且分散于热固性树脂(B)中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于增强纤维束(A)内。该气罐具有优异的强度和耐热性,并能够抑制气体透过性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及各种气罐。具体而言,本发明涉及适于安装在机动车等上的气罐以及制造所述气罐的方法。
背景技术
近年来,在机动车、住宅、运输机械等中已应用贮藏用作发电用燃料的氢或天然气的气罐(气缸)。
例如,作为机动车用动力源,聚合物电解质型燃料电池受到关注。在将这种燃料电池用于发电的情况下,通过将气体燃料(例如氢气)供给到设置于各燃料电池的一侧上的气体扩散电极层,以及将氧化气体(例如含氧的空气)供给到设置于另一侧上的气体扩散电极层,来引起电化学反应。这样发电时仅生成无害的水。因此,从对环境的影响以及使用效率的观点出发,上述燃料电池已受到关注。
为了向配备有上述燃料电池的机动车连续地供给诸如氢气的气体燃料,将气体燃料贮藏在车载气罐中。已检验的车载氢气罐的示例包括贮藏压缩氢的气罐和贮藏处于被吸收在金属氢化物(MH)中的状态的氢的储氢气罐。
在这些气罐中,已检验CFRP(碳纤维增强塑料)罐来用作贮藏压缩氢的车载气罐。CFRP罐构造成,在包括碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP材料)的层(外壳:纤维增强层)的内侧形成保持罐的气密性的内衬层(内壳)。这样的CFRP罐的强度大于由通用类型的塑料制成的罐,并且其具有优异的耐压性,使得其优选用作气体燃料罐。
此外,一种已知的制造CFRP罐的方法涉及通过在形成为容器形式的内衬层周围缠绕碳纤维长丝形式的CFRP材料来制造CFRP罐的技术(纤维缠绕方法)。因为碳纤维在纤维方向上具有强度和刚度,所以通过以上述方式缠绕CFRP材料能够提高罐的强度。
另外,为了燃料贮藏的目的,在利用诸如高压气体(天然气)或丙烷的液化气体作为燃料的机动车中安装有耐压罐。一般来说,市售和广泛使用的耐压罐由诸如钢和铝的金属制成。但是,金属制成的耐压罐较厚且较重。因此,除了较差的作业性以及会导致危险的特征外,运输这种罐需要很大的能量,因此降低机动车的燃料经济性。这是不利的。此外,每单位重量气体燃料的热值几乎是汽油的一半。因此,为了使得气体机动车在无燃料供给的情况下能够行驶的距离与市售的以汽油为燃料的机动车大致相当,有必要供给重量大于汽油的气体燃料,这是很成问题的。
由此,为了实现轻量化,已开发出具有由铝或塑料制成的内壳以及覆盖所述内壳且由耐压FRP(纤维增强塑料)制成的外壳的气罐。这种气罐主要由塑料制成,因此其重量比由金属制成的气罐轻。因此,期待能够通过使用上述气罐作为机动车用天然气罐来提高燃料经济性。但是,外壳的重量占据了罐的大部分重量。由此,包括具有最小化重量的外壳的罐是优选的,这是因为这种罐的重量轻于其它罐。此外,通过使用这种罐,除提高燃料经济性外,还可期待降低由轮胎和制动蹄的磨损引起的磨损耗费、减轻气缸工作时的劳动强度以及减少事故。
但是,FRP比金属更脆,因此当FRP受到来自外界的很大的冲击力时会产生龟裂(crack)等。龟裂的传播会导致由FRP制成的外壳的耐压性和强度急剧下降。此外,即使在外观上存在轻微损伤的情况下,增强纤维中的龟裂和损伤也会由于冲击力的反复施加而扩展,这会导致耐压性和强度的降低。
因此,日本专利公报(特开)No.8-219386A(1996)公开了一种气罐,所述气罐具有气阻型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳,所述外壳包括增强纤维束[A]、由热固性树脂制成的硬化材料[B]以及弹性体和/或热塑性树脂[C],并且在外壳的截面上,弹性体和/或热塑性树脂[C]局限于增强纤维束[A]的外周上。为使由FRP制成的外壳具有韧性、保持高耐压性以及抑制增强纤维中的龟裂和损伤的传播从而提高耐冲击性和耐疲劳性,已经实现这种气罐。日本专利公报(特开)No.8-219386A(1996)中公开的气罐基于用于实现CNG压力容器的技术。根据这种技术,改进了基质树脂的韧性,使得在假定向FRP施加冲击和向FRP反复施加冲击的情况下,防止由冲击引入的FRP的龟裂扩展。作为改进韧性的一种方法,使用热塑性弹性体。具体地,通过使用热塑性弹性体中的聚酯或者聚酰胺弹性体可获得需要的强度。
但是,对于日本专利公报(特开)No.8-219386A(1996)中公开的气罐的情况,弹性体和/或热塑性树脂[C]局限于增强纤维束[A]的外周上,导致以下的问题。
(1)由于在用作包括热塑性弹性体的基体树脂的热固性树脂与纤维之间的相容性较差而导致发生层间剥离。这是因为热塑性弹性体未充分地分散,而是由于用作弹性体的热塑性树脂与用作基体树脂的热固性树脂之间的差异而局限于基体树脂中,因此不能获得稳定的性能。
(2)热塑性弹性体的使用导致在纤维缠绕(FW)成形高压罐时这种弹性体对纤维的浸透性较差。这是因为热塑性弹性体的引入导致用于FW的树脂的粘度增加,使得这种弹性体对纤维的浸透性较差。
(3)热塑性弹性体的添加导致CFRP基质自身的玻璃化点(Tg)降低。由此,耐热性降低。此外,未具体说明用作容器的罐可接受的耐热性。弹性体成分的玻璃化温度通常较低,因此不能保持最初使基体树脂具有的耐热性。此外,执行高温循环测试作为容器的环境测试。由此,有必要说明基质树脂可接受的耐热性。
(4)引入热塑性弹性体,作为防止容器中(产生)的诸如龟裂的裂纹的方法。由此,由CFRP制成的高压容器中的龟裂防止不用于通过例如隔离从内衬泄漏的气体来抑制气体透过性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于高压气体的气罐和一种制造气罐的方法,所述气罐具有优异的强度和耐热性,同时抑制气体透过性。具体而言,本发明的目的是提供一种将氢透过性抑制到极低的水平和通过了环境测试的气罐,以及生产这种气罐的方法。
发明人已经发现上述目的可通过在不使已经分散于热固性树脂(B)中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)局限于增强纤维束(A)的外周上的情况下,使所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于增强纤维束(A)中来实现。此外,已经发现在基质成分的断裂韧性值与气体透过性之间以及基质成分的断裂韧性值与CFRP弯曲强度之间具有较强的相关关系。由此完成本发明。
具体而言,第一方面,本发明涉及一种气罐,所述气罐具有阻气型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳。所述外壳包括增强纤维束(A)、热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C),并且已经分散于热固性树脂(B)中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于所述增强纤维束(A)中。根据本发明,优选地,弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)分散于热固性树脂(B)中,使得产物具有海岛式结构。用这种结构,即使在赋予韧性之后,也可抑制热固性树脂的耐热性和机械强度的降低。此外,对于本发明的气罐的情况,均匀地分散于FRP层中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒吸收或分散外应力,从而防止龟裂产生,由此改进了韧性,使得穿过内壳的气体透过性被抑制在极低的水平。
基质成分的断裂韧性值与气体透过性之间以及基质成分的断裂韧性值与CFRP弯曲强度之间具有较强的相关关系。具体而言,对于本发明的气罐的情况,包括前述热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物的断裂韧性值优选为0.5MPa0.5至3.0MPa0.5,更优选为0.7MPa0.5至1.5MPa0.5。当断裂韧性值为0.5MPa0.5或更大时,充分地抑制了气体透过性。当断裂韧性值为3.0MPa0.5或更小时,气罐能够通过环境测试。此外,下文将详细说明述环境测试。
对于本发明的气罐的情况,包括前述的热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物中含有优选为0.5wt%至10wt%的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C),更优选为2.0wt%至5.0wt%。在0.5wt%或更多的情况下,能够充分地抑制气体透过性。在10wt%或更少的情况下,气罐能够通过环境测试。
前述弹性体颗粒(C)不受特别的限制。但是,所述弹性体颗粒优选是交联的弹性体微粒。更具体而言,该弹性体颗粒优选是交联的丁腈橡胶(NBR)微粒。
根据本发明,在各个弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的平均颗粒尺寸为0.05μm(50nm)至0.5μm的情况下,在包括热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物中,改进了树脂相与颗粒之间的粘合性。这样的改进对于在热固性树脂中防止龟裂是有效的。当平均颗粒尺寸小于0.05μm(50nm)时,热固性树脂的粘度增加,导致增强纤维束的浸透性较差。此外,当颗粒尺寸超过0.5μm时,不能获得足以减小气体透过性的韧性。
本发明的气罐的外壳所使用的热固性树脂不受特别限制。但是,一个优选示例是双酚F型环氧树脂。
第二方面,本发明涉及一种制造前述气罐的方法,所述气罐具有阻气型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳。这种方法的特征在于,在内壳的周围形成外壳,在所述外壳中,弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于增强纤维束(A)中,所述外壳通过用分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂(B)浸渍增强纤维束(A)而获得。
可以将弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)添加到热固性树脂(B)的基体树脂中或硬化剂中。但是,优选将所述颗粒添加到基体树脂中从而使所述颗粒容易地分散。有必要使弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)均匀地分散在热固性树脂(B)中。为了分散颗粒,优选用辊子、溶解器等来进行机械捏合(混合,knead)。此外,为了减小粘度,在加热和/或降压的情况下搅拌颗粒以使其分散。
根据本发明的制造气罐的方法,如上所述,包括上述热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物的断裂韧性值优选为0.5MPa0.5至3.0MPa0.5;包括上述热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物中含有0.5wt%至10wt%的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C);所述弹性体颗粒(C)优选是交联的弹性体微粒;所述弹性体颗粒(C)优选是是交联的丁腈橡胶(NBR)微粒;所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的平均颗粒尺寸优选为0.05μm(50nm)至0.5μm;以及所述热固性树脂(B)优选是双酚F型环氧树脂。此外,根据本发明,在内壳周围,以用分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂(B)浸透增强纤维束(A)的方式来成形外壳。特别优选地,所述外壳是通过纤维缠绕(FW)方法形成的。
第三方面,本发明涉及前述气罐的用途。气罐的优选示例包括待充氢气的气罐、待充液化天然气的气罐和待充液化丙烷气的气罐。
根据本发明,考虑是高压气罐的性能中的重要因素的气体透过性,前述目的通过使CFRP层用热固性树脂具有韧性来实现。具体而言,可以通过使用丝预浸渍体来形成由耐压FRP制成的外壳,所述丝预浸渍体通过用分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂(B)来浸透增强纤维束(A)而获得。结果,能够显著减小氢的透过量,这对于作为充有例如燃料电池车辆用氢燃料的贮藏罐的容器性能来说很重要,所述氢燃料被以高压压缩。具体而言,通过在热固性树脂中使用弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒,当这种罐被由于向其施加的气体内压或外部冲击而变形时,能够减少FRP中微小龟裂的产生。因此,穿过内壳(内衬)的氢透过能够被抑制在极低的水平。
附图说明
图1A和1B示意性地示出基质相中的龟裂传播机制。
图2是表示与断裂韧性值相对应的环境测试结果的图。
图3是表示与丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒的添加量相对应的环境测试结果的图。
图4是表示基于断裂韧性值的气体透过性的图。
图5示出表示基于丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒的添加量的高压罐气体透过性的图。
具体实施方式
图1A和1B示意性地示出基质相中的龟裂传播机制。图1A示出其中不分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒的常规热固性树脂。在这种情况下,初始阶段产生的龟裂大范围地传播。另外,图1B示出其中分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒的本发明的热固性树脂。即使在初始阶段产生龟裂之后,在弹性体等的颗粒与热固性树脂相之间仍保持良好的粘合性。由此,通过弹性体等的颗粒防止了龟裂的产生,并且龟裂不会大范围地传播。
对于本发明的罐,可以使用高强度和高弹性率(弹性模量)的纤维丝的以下示例中的至少一种形式作为表现出高强度的增强纤维(CFRP用纤维):碳纤维丝、石墨纤维丝、玻璃纤维丝和有机高弹性率纤维(例如聚酰胺或者聚乙烯纤维)。在这些纤维丝中,优选使用碳纤维作为高压容器用增强材料。优选地,使用1000至50000根碳纤维长丝,更优选为10000至30000根碳纤维长丝。
根据用于使本发明的将被赋予韧性的罐(高压容器)具有韧性的方法,添加并使用弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒。已经被引入到用于浸透的FRP用树脂中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒,可在例如出现龟裂从而导致在FRP中产生裂纹时防止裂纹扩展,所述龟裂是由于在向高压容器施加内压时产生的应力而引起的。
优选地,FW用树脂根据适当的设计具有环氧树脂结构。作为构成高压容器用FRP的基质树脂,构成热固性塑料的环氧树脂在耐热性和机械强度方面是合适的。根据本发明,使弹性体颗粒分散在环氧树脂中,从而使硬化的材料具有合适的韧性。
以下将详细说明基质树脂的结构。用于浸透纤维的FRP成型树脂是指包括以下必需成分的环氧树脂组合物:环氧树脂、硬化剂和用作韧性赋予剂的交联的橡胶颗粒。优选地,使用双酚型液态环氧树脂作为这种树脂组合物的基体树脂。这是因为双酚型液态环氧树脂在与纤维的粘合性、粘度和Tg方面取得良好的平衡。可以从在25℃的平均室温下具有液态形式的树脂中任意选择这种双酚型液态环氧树脂。特别优选地,在对纤维的浸透性方面,这种树脂是低粘度的液态双酚F型环氧树脂,但是不限于此。根据本发明,这种液态双酚型环氧树脂可以单独使用或者将两种或更多种组合使用。
此外,为了改进Tg,可以组合使用在室温下具有液态形式的其中环氧基缩合成环的脂环族环氧树脂。在室温下具有液态形式的其中环氧基缩合成环的脂环族环氧树脂的示例包括3,4-环氧基环己基甲基-(3,4-环氧基)环己烷甲酸酯、乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、双(3,4-环氧基环己基甲基)己二酸酯以及二脂环族二酯二环氧化物。
此外,为了使树脂组合物具有较低的粘度,可以组合使用具有较低粘度的环氧树脂,其被称为反应性稀释剂。这种反应性稀释剂的示例包括在室温下具有液态形式的单缩水甘油醚、二缩水甘油醚、单缩水甘油酯和二缩水甘油酯。
这种反应性稀释剂的具体示例包括新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚和新癸酸缩水甘油酯。
作为树脂组合物用的硬化剂,可以使用通常用于环氧树脂的硬化剂。其示例包括常规已知的有机化合物,所述化合物包括诸如羧酸酐基、羧基、羧酸酰肼基、氨基、羟基和巯基的官能团。具体而言,酸酐硬化剂和胺硬化剂被适当地用作FW用硬化剂。但是,因为在室温下具有液态形式的酸酐能够使树脂组合物具有低粘度,所以所述酸酐最适合用作本发明的硬化剂。其具体示例包括甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基内亚甲基四氢苯酐(methylnadic anhydride)和甲基内次甲基四氢苯酐(methylhimic anhydride)。
此外,使用在室温下具有液态形式的咪唑化合物作为硬化促进剂。其具体的示例包括2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑和1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑。
优选地,如上所述,使用环氧树脂作为用于本发明的热固性树脂。除了以上示例,其前体选自胺类的环氧树脂的示例包括四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯基甲烷、三缩水甘油基-对-氨基苯酚、三缩水甘油基-间-氨基苯酚和三缩水甘油基氨基甲酚的各种同分异构体。其前体选自酚类的环氧树脂的示例包括双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、苯酚线型酚醛环氧树脂和甲酚线型酚醛环氧树脂。其前体是具有碳碳双键的化合物的环氧树脂的示例包括脂环族环氧树脂。此外,也可以使用通过溴化任何前述的环氧树脂来获得的溴化环氧树脂。
可用的环氧树脂用硬化剂的示例包括酸酐(例如甲基内亚甲基四氢苯酐)、胺硬化剂(例如间苯二胺、甲基二苯胺、乙基甲基咪唑和异佛尔酮二胺)、聚氨基酰胺硬化剂、酚硬化剂(例如双(对羟基苯基)砜)、聚硫醇硬化剂和潜在硬化剂(例如双氰胺)。此外,被称为所谓固化促进剂的三氟化硼胺复合物和咪唑化合物可以与前述的硬化剂组合使用。此外,也可以组合使用经由异氰酸酯和二甲胺的附加反应得到的脲化合物。
可优选地用在本发明中的热固性非环氧树脂的示例包括马来酰亚胺树脂、具有乙炔末端的树脂、具有内亚甲基四氢苯酐的树脂、具有氰酸酯末端的树脂、具有乙烯基末端的树脂以及具有烯丙基末端的树脂。这些树脂可以根据需要与环氧树脂或者其它树脂相混合。此外,可以使用反应性稀释剂。此外,可使诸如热塑性树脂或者弹性体的改性剂混合到使耐热性不会显著降低的程度。此外,还可以使用在相关产业中广泛应用的热固性树脂,例如酚醛树脂、间苯二酚树脂、不饱和聚酯类树脂或者乙烯基酯树脂。
根据本发明,可以通过添加弹性体成分来使树脂组合物具有韧性。优选地,用于本发明的弹性体成分包括交联的橡胶微粒。待使用的交联的橡胶微粒的优选示例包括诸如以下橡胶的橡胶微粒:NBR(丁腈橡胶)、SBR(苯乙烯橡胶)、BR(丁二烯橡胶)、乳液聚合BR、CR(氯丁二烯橡胶)、IIR(丁基橡胶)、EPDM(乙丙橡胶)、CSM(氯磺化橡胶)、聚氨酯橡胶、聚硫橡胶、硅橡胶或者碳氟橡胶。
用于本发明的热塑性树脂在主链中具有键。这种键的可选的典型示例包括碳-碳键、酰胺键、酰亚胺键、酯键、醚键、碳酸脂键、氨基甲酸酯键、硫醚键、砜键、咪唑键和羰基键。以下示例由于其非常优异的耐冲击性而特别优选地用作本发明的热塑性树脂:聚乙烯基乙酸酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚酯、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚醚酮、聚芳酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、纤维素乙酸酯、纤维素丁酸酯。其中,因为聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚砜具有很强的韧性和良好的耐热性,所以特别优选地用于本发明。特别地,聚酰胺具有非常好的韧性,所以最优选用于本发明。
这些弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂可以单独使用,或者两种或更多地组合使用。但是,考虑到诸如环氧树脂的热固性树脂的分散性、硬化的材料的耐热性和耐热循环性、气体透过性等,有必要选择优选类型的颗粒。
此外,考虑到纤维的浸透性,有必要使FW用热固性树脂具有低粘度。这是因为纤维不太可能被具有极高粘度的热固性树脂浸透。注意,在粘度极低的情况下,热固性树脂趋于具有高流动性,因此粘附到纤维上的这种树脂的量减少。因此,在25℃下热固性树脂的粘度优选为100至1500mPa·s,更优选为300至800mPa·s。此外,还可以在考虑贮存期的情况下,在浸透时通过加热来降低粘度。
根据本发明,评估气罐(高压容器)所必须的一个因素是环境测试(根据KHK标准)。在该测试期间,通过检测高压容器的在弱碱性浸渍溶液中(被施加)热负荷的情况下的强度来进行评估。具体而言,该方法包括:1)施加摆动冲击以引起对容器的损伤;2)将容器浸渍到浸渍溶液(PH=4)中;3)在室温下进行5625次循环测试;4)在-40℃下执行2820次循环测试;5)在82度的压力下执行2820次循环测试;和6)向容器传递爆破压力(≥最大负荷压力×180%)。
在该测试期间需要耐热性。因此,与使耐热性下降的性能相对应的断裂韧性值确定为落在以下的范围。断裂韧性值确定为1.5MPa0.5或更小,所述值可确保135℃或更高的玻璃化温度(Tg)。此外,对于丁腈橡胶(NBR)的情况,其适当的量为5wt%或更小。结果,应当理解,在期待使用本发明的气罐(高压容器)的机动车中,即使在暴露于与前述环境测试类似的环境中,这种高压溶器也不会受到损伤。
评估气罐(高压容器)所必须的一个因素是气体透过性测试(根据KHK标准)。在评估时,将设计时的目标内压施加到高压容器,然后测量从容器内向外渗透出的气体量。基于基质树脂的断裂韧性值来适当选择并指定允许罐在耐热性下降的情况下通过测试的弹性体的量。可以确保0.25Ncc/Lh或更小的气体透过量的断裂韧性值确定为0.7MPa0.5或更大。此外,对于丁腈橡胶(NBR)的情况,适当的量为2wt%或更多。结果,特别地,可通过用添加弹性体确保强度,来获得另人满意的气体透过性。
可以使用具有高强度和高弹性率的至少一种类型的纤维丝作为构成本发明所用增强纤维束的增强纤维丝。这种纤维丝的示例包括碳纤维丝、石墨纤维丝、玻璃纤维丝和有机高弹性率纤维(例如聚芳酰胺纤维)。这种增强纤维丝优选是在纤维疏松性(fiber opening)方面较优异的非加捻式纤维丝,因此允许降低由折叠造成的应力集中程度以及减小空穴的产生。在这些增强纤维丝中,因为碳纤维丝在相对强度和相对弹性率方面优异(在减轻重量的效果方面非常优异),并且基本上不会在缠绕时引起丝断裂或起毛,所以优选碳纤维丝。因此,除提高生产率外,还可以防止由丝接头或毛的混入而引起的强度性能和耐冲击性能的恶化。
以下将说明使用高韧性基质树脂的FC车载高压氢罐的示例。
[高压罐结构]
高压容器具有阻气型内壳(内衬)和形成为覆盖所述内壳的耐压外壳(FRP层)。这种高压容器主要包括体部、与体部相接的镜部以及用于安装球管(bulb)的基体突起。这里使用的术语“FRP”表示通过用树脂浸透纤维并固化产物得到的材料。可使用具有高强度和高弹性率的至少一种类型的纤维丝作为FRP用纤维。这种纤维丝的示例包括碳纤维丝、石墨纤维丝、玻璃纤维丝和有机高弹性率纤维(例如聚酰胺或聚乙烯纤维)。在这些纤维丝中,优选使用碳纤维。优选地,使用1000至50000根碳纤维丝,更优选使用10000至30000根碳纤维丝。这里,使用24000根弹性率约为30tons的纤维丝。
对于用来浸透纤维的形成FRP的树脂,使用双酚F型液态环氧树脂作为FW用基体树脂。将能够抑制气体透过性的弹性体颗粒添加到基体树脂中。所使用的硬化剂是酸酐硬化剂。
[高压容器成形方法]
作为高压容器成形方法,使用其中罐内衬旋转从而缠绕纤维的方法。在排线架上沿一个方向设置碳纤维。由于罐内衬的旋转和包括在排线架中的伺服马达的运动,而在碳纤维上施加张力。在用于树脂浸透的层中,用液态树脂浸透纤维。然后,通过四轴控制的FW机供给所得的产物,以通过旋转罐内衬来缠绕该产物,然后通过加热来固化所述产物。这样便制成所述罐。
[性能-1(强度)]
对于前述材料结构,有必要指定已经被赋予韧性的基质环氧树脂的断裂韧性值,以确保高压容器在高温下的可靠性。进行前述的环境测试来评估高压容器的耐热性和耐化学性。图2示出通过使用乙丙橡胶(EPDM)颗粒作为弹性体颗粒获得的与断裂韧性值相对应的环境测试结果。
基于图2的结果,已经被赋予韧性的基质树脂的断裂韧性值确定为1.5MPa0.5或更小。在以大于前述情况的量添加基质树脂的情况下,高压容器的耐热性/耐化学性及其疲劳水平不能令人满意。
此外,图3示出与丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒的添加量相对应的环境测试结果,所述颗粒的添加量是通过使用平均颗粒尺寸为0.05μm至0.5μm的丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒作为弹性体颗粒获得的。基于图3的结果,可赋予韧性的丁腈橡胶颗粒引入量确定为5wt%或更少。当以大于前述情况的量添加颗粒时,应当理解,高压容器的耐热性/耐化学性及其疲劳水平不能令人满意。
[性能-2(气体透过性)]
对于高压容器的气密性,前述的高压容器内衬基本上确保了阻气性能。但是,所述高压容器不具有达到完全阻挡氢的程度的优异气密性。由此,根据本发明,允许FRP层具有阻气性。通过使用待添加入CFRP基质树脂中的天然橡胶,能够有效地抑制气体透过性。图4示出基于用作弹性体颗粒的乙丙橡胶(EPDM)颗粒的断裂韧性值的气体透过性。
基于图4的结果来理解以下的方面:
(1)在断裂韧性值较低(不添加弹性体颗粒)的情况下,气体透过量不能令人满意。
(2)当断裂韧性值为0.7MPa0.5或更多时,穿过高压罐的气体透过量能够令人满意。
(3)弹性体颗粒的添加对抑制气体透过性是有效的。
此外,图5示出基于用作弹性体颗粒的丁腈橡胶(NBR)添加量的穿过高压罐的气体透过性。基于图5的结果,应当理解:除了(1)和(3)外,(4)通过以2wt%或更多的量添加弹性体颗粒,穿过高压罐的气体透过量能够令人满意。
基于前述结果,应当理解,基质环氧树脂的使高温下的强度和气体透过性能够令人满意的断裂韧性值优选为0.7MPa0.5至1.5MPa0.5,和在这种情况下,丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒的添加量优选为2wt%至5wt%。
在本发明的另一个示例中,在某些情况下,在纤维的FW成形之前,将包括例如阻气性能优异的材料(弹性体颗粒)的树脂施加到内衬上。由此,可以在防止穿过CFRP层的气体透过之前最小化穿过内衬的气体透过。此外,可准备树脂后用刷子初步施加这种材料。此外,通过用诸如酒精、丙酮或MEK的溶剂稀释浸透用树脂从而降低所述树脂的粘度,然后,可以通过使用喷雾用喷雾器等将产物均匀地施加到内衬的外周上。此外,在施加这种树脂之后,可以允许用于稀释的溶剂在为固化而加热时蒸发。由此,这种溶剂不会影响成形的FRP。
工业应用
根据本发明,通过使用分散于热固性树脂中弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒,在通过向罐施加气体内压或外部冲击而使这种罐变形的情况下,减少了FRP中微小龟裂的产生。由此,能够抑制穿过内壳(内衬)的氢透过,从而使得其处于极低的水平。由此,能够改进诸如燃料电池车辆用氢罐的高压气体罐的安全性和实用性。
Claims (18)
1.一种气罐,所述气罐具有阻气型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳,所述外壳包括增强纤维束(A)、热固性树脂(B)以及弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C),并且,已经分散于热固性树脂(B)中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于增强纤维束(A)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气罐,其中,包括所述热固性树脂(B)以及所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物的断裂韧性值为0.5MPa0.5至3.0MPa0.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气罐,其中,包括所述热固性树脂(B)以及所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物中含有0.5wt%至10wt%的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述弹性体颗粒(C)是交联的弹性体颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述弹性体颗粒(C)是交联的丁腈橡胶(NBR)颗粒。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的平均颗粒尺寸为0.05μm(50nm)至0.5μm。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述热固性树脂(B)是双酚F型环氧树脂。
8.一种制造气罐的方法,所述气罐具有阻气型内壳和形成为覆盖所述内壳并由耐压性FRP制成的外壳,其中,在内壳的周围形成外壳,在所述外壳中,已经分散于热固性树脂(B)中的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)存在于增强纤维束(A)中,所述外壳通过用分散有弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂(B)浸渍增强纤维束(A)而获得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,包括所述热固性树脂(B)以及所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物的断裂韧性值为0.5MPa0.5至3.0MPa0.5。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,包括所述热固性树脂(B)以及所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的热固性树脂组合物中含有0.5wt%至10wt%的弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,所述弹性体颗粒(C)是交联的弹性体微粒。
12.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,所述弹性体颗粒(C)是交联的丁腈橡胶微粒。
13.根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,所述弹性体颗粒和/或热塑性树脂颗粒(C)的平均颗粒尺寸为0.05μm(50nm)至0.5μm。
14.根据权利要求8至13中任一项所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,所述热固性树脂(B)是双酚F型环氧树脂。
15.根据权利要求8至14中任一项所述的制造气罐的方法,其中,所述外壳是通过纤维缠绕(FW)方法形成的。
16.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述气罐是待充氢气的气罐。
17.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述气罐是待充液化天然气的气罐。
18.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的气罐,其中,所述气罐是待充液化丙烷气的气罐。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP296409/2005 | 2005-10-11 | ||
JP2005296409A JP2007107557A (ja) | 2005-10-11 | 2005-10-11 | ガスタンク及びその製造方法 |
PCT/JP2006/320690 WO2007043689A1 (ja) | 2005-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | ガスタンク及びその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101283215A true CN101283215A (zh) | 2008-10-08 |
CN101283215B CN101283215B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
Family
ID=37942904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2006800377162A Active CN101283215B (zh) | 2005-10-11 | 2006-10-11 | 气罐及其制造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8039072B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007107557A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101283215B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2625342C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE112006002717B4 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007043689A1 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103045144A (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 中昊晨光化工研究院 | 一种环氧气瓶胶及其制备方法 |
CN104203541A (zh) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-12-10 | 法孚机械加工系统股份有限公司 | 制造压缩气筒的方法 |
CN111350938A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 压力容器及其制造方法 |
CN113498007A (zh) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-12 | 大原祐子 | 具有抗噪层的喇叭振动片及其制造方法 |
CN115325432A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-11 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 高压罐的制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100068561A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Permeation protection for pressurized hydrogen storage tank |
DE102010002881A1 (de) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Benteler Sgl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Behälter und dessen Verwendung sowie Verfahren zum Umwickeln eines Körpers mit einem Kohlenstofffasermaterial |
DE102012023065A1 (de) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Druckbehälter und Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102013018088B4 (de) | 2013-02-10 | 2017-01-26 | Karim El Kudsi | Beschichtungen auf Epoxydharzbasis und ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendungen |
JP5892115B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-16 | 2016-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | タンクの製造方法、熱硬化処理方法、および、熱硬化処理装置 |
EP3101063A1 (de) | 2015-05-31 | 2016-12-07 | Karim El Kudsi | Innenbeschichtungen von trinkwasserrohren auf epoxydbasis und ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE102016006694B4 (de) | 2015-05-31 | 2018-07-12 | Karim El Kudsi | Innenbeschichtungen von Trinkwasserrohren auf Epoxydharzbasis |
JP6638623B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-09 | 2020-01-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | タンクの製造方法 |
DE102018121012A1 (de) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | Alzchem Trostberg Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckgasbehälters |
US11559964B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2023-01-24 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Composite structures, composite storage tanks, vehicles including such composite storage tanks, and related systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3789054T2 (de) * | 1986-12-25 | 1994-07-07 | Toray Industries | Zähe Verbundmaterialien. |
US5234757A (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1993-08-10 | The Dexter Corporation | Expandable films and molded products therefrom |
JP3591034B2 (ja) | 1995-02-15 | 2004-11-17 | 東レ株式会社 | ガスボンベおよびその製造方法 |
JPH08219393A (ja) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-08-30 | Toray Ind Inc | ガスボンベ |
CA2212244C (en) | 1995-12-04 | 2007-05-29 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Pressure vessel and process for producing the same |
CN1100665C (zh) * | 1995-12-04 | 2003-02-05 | 东丽株式会社 | 压力容器及其制造方法 |
DE19617379A1 (de) | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-06 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Vorvernetzte Siliconelastomer-Partikel mit Organopolymerhülle als Formulierungsbestandteil in wäßrigen Lackzubereitungen |
US6429157B1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 2002-08-06 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg fabric and honeycomb sandwich panel |
US6630221B1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2003-10-07 | Dexter Corporation | Monolithic expandable structures, methods of manufacture and composite structures |
JP2002188794A (ja) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 高圧水素タンクおよび高圧水素タンクの製造方法 |
JP3894035B2 (ja) | 2001-07-04 | 2007-03-14 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化基材、それからなるプリフォームおよび複合材料 |
JP4073649B2 (ja) | 2001-09-11 | 2008-04-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ガスタンクの製造方法およびガスタンク |
KR100589450B1 (ko) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-06-14 | 가부시키가이샤 도요다 지도숏키 | 고압탱크 |
-
2005
- 2005-10-11 JP JP2005296409A patent/JP2007107557A/ja active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-10-11 US US12/083,377 patent/US8039072B2/en active Active
- 2006-10-11 DE DE112006002717T patent/DE112006002717B4/de active Active
- 2006-10-11 CN CN2006800377162A patent/CN101283215B/zh active Active
- 2006-10-11 WO PCT/JP2006/320690 patent/WO2007043689A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-10-11 CA CA2625342A patent/CA2625342C/en active Active
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103045144A (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 中昊晨光化工研究院 | 一种环氧气瓶胶及其制备方法 |
CN103045144B (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2015-04-15 | 中昊晨光化工研究院 | 一种环氧气瓶胶及其制备方法 |
CN104203541A (zh) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-12-10 | 法孚机械加工系统股份有限公司 | 制造压缩气筒的方法 |
CN111350938A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 压力容器及其制造方法 |
CN113498007A (zh) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-12 | 大原祐子 | 具有抗噪层的喇叭振动片及其制造方法 |
CN115325432A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-11 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 高压罐的制造方法 |
CN115325432B (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2024-02-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 高压罐的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2625342A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
DE112006002717T5 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
WO2007043689A1 (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
CA2625342C (en) | 2011-11-22 |
DE112006002717B4 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101283215B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US20090255939A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
US8039072B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
JP2007107557A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2007043689A9 (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101283215B (zh) | 气罐及其制造方法 | |
US7790235B2 (en) | Composite pressure container or tubular body and composite intermediate | |
US7896190B2 (en) | Composites having an improved resistance to fatigue | |
EP3395851B1 (en) | Epoxy resin composition, fiber-reinforced composite material, molded article, and pressure vessel | |
JP5228853B2 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物、繊維強化複合材料およびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP5395156B2 (ja) | ガスタンク及びその製造方法 | |
US5075356A (en) | Bisphenol and neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ethers with glycidyl methacrylate copolymer | |
US7044324B2 (en) | Composite material | |
KR20230137633A (ko) | 에폭시 수지 조성물과 이로부터 제조되는 탄소섬유 복합재료 및 압력용기 | |
JP7463816B2 (ja) | プリプレグの製造方法及び高圧ガス貯蔵タンクの製造方法 | |
JP7279868B1 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物、プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材、高圧ガス容器 | |
WO2022030135A1 (ja) | 圧力容器用ライナー及び高圧ガス貯蔵タンク | |
JP7398028B1 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物 | |
KR102453290B1 (ko) | 강도전이율이 향상된 탄소섬유 복합재료와 그의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 압력용기 | |
JP3810142B2 (ja) | 繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物 | |
KR102307642B1 (ko) | 압력용기용 에폭시 수지 조성물과 테이프 형상의 프리프레그 및 그의 제조방법 | |
WO2023238615A1 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物 | |
JP2013244344A (ja) | ゴルフシャフト及びその製造方法 | |
JP2023069249A (ja) | 繊維強化プラスチックおよびガスタンク | |
KR20230140109A (ko) | 에폭시 수지 조성물과 이를 이용한 탄소섬유 복합재료 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |