CN101267914B - 多晶金刚石磨蚀元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

多晶金刚石磨蚀元件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101267914B
CN101267914B CN2006800344099A CN200680034409A CN101267914B CN 101267914 B CN101267914 B CN 101267914B CN 2006800344099 A CN2006800344099 A CN 2006800344099A CN 200680034409 A CN200680034409 A CN 200680034409A CN 101267914 B CN101267914 B CN 101267914B
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A·H·拉斯
G·J·戴维斯
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
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    • B24D3/06Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/10Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for porous or cellular structure, e.g. for use with diamonds as abrasives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements

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Abstract

通过掺入低含量的至少一种金属硼化物制造的多晶金刚石磨蚀元件,该金属选自镁、钙、铝、锶、钇、锆、铪和铬,以及稀土金属,优选铈和镧。将硼加入多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块中的优点是充分使用以及同时最小化或消除氧的存在的有害效果。

Description

多晶金刚石磨蚀元件及其制造方法
发明背景
本发明涉及多晶金刚石磨蚀元件、制造该多晶金刚石磨蚀元件和掺入它们的多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块(compact)的方法。
多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块(PDC)被广泛用于切割、磨碎、碾磨、钻孔和其他磨蚀应用。普遍使用的PDC是包含与烧结碳化物基材粘结的多晶金刚石(PCD)层的一类。该PCD层表现出工作表面和在工作表面外围的一部分周围的切割边。
多晶金刚石通常包含大量含有显著量的直接金刚石/金刚石连接的金刚石颗粒,并且通常具有第二相,该第二相含有金刚石催化剂/溶剂例如钴、镍、铁或者含有一种或多种这些金属的合金,优选镍并且更优选钴。
PDC通常在金刚石颗粒晶体学稳定的升高的温度和压力条件(HPHT)下制得。
将各种形式的硼加入超硬磨蚀坯块例如PDC和烧结碳化物中是公知的。已经描述了一些优点,例如熔点的降低一这使得能够在较低的压力和温度(<=1200℃,JP1021032)下伴随着较少的金刚石石墨化而进行烧结(US4,902,652;JP1017836)、提高的溶剂基质硬度(GB1456765;US5,181,938)、提高的断裂韧度和耐腐蚀性(US4,961,780;US6,098,731)、低的电阻率(GB1376467)和改进的坯块复制能力(GB1496106;US4,907,377)。
然而,上述专利参考文件中没有一篇考虑了氧在烧结过程中的作用。在本领域中公知氧的存在妨碍了烧结过程,由此导致最终坯块较低的耐磨性。氧通常以在金刚石颗粒上的表面氧化物或者在与金刚石粉末混合的金属颗粒中的表面氧化物或溶解的氧的形式引入预烧结的坯块。出于该原因,在烧结的多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块制造中的标准实践是在HPHT烧结步骤之前在真空下将金刚石粉末混合物脱气,以尝试除去金刚石颗粒上或者加入金刚石粉末中的任何金属颗粒上的任何表面氧化物。该方法仅仅在某种程度上是成功的,因为微量的氧仍然残留以致于必然在烧结期间存在一些氧,这对烧结过程是不利的。
较早提及的现有技术忽略了该获得有效烧结的重要方面。即使在US4,961,780中—其中要求加入氧化硼以提高断裂韧度和耐腐蚀性,也没有提及通过氧化硼添加剂引入体系的氧的有害效应。
在JP9142932中,提及了由于高的氧化硼或硼酸含量而烧结的金刚石坯块的强度和耐磨性退化,但除了将硼-氧添加剂的量限制在小于30体积%之外没有提及克服该问题的方法。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种多晶金刚石磨蚀元件,其包含金刚石材料的约0.01-约4wt%的至少一种金属或金属化合物,该金属选自镁、钙、铝、锶、钇、锆、铪、铬和稀土金属,特别是铈和镧。
优选地,金属选自稀土金属,特别是铈和/或镧。
以金刚石材料的重量计,金属或金属化合物优选以小于约2%,更优选小于约1.0%,并且最优选小于约0.7%的量存在,并且优选以大于约0.01%,更优选大于约0.1%,并且最优选大于约0.2%的量存在。其将以足以与存在的微量氧反应形成稳定的金属氧化物的量存在,尽管这将不一定包括大块金属物种形成。
该多晶金刚石磨蚀元件优选包含硼,硼是用于磨蚀元件制造中的烧结助剂。
金属或金属化合物可以分布遍及多晶金刚石材料,或者其可以位于其一个或多个离散区域中,例如在邻近磨蚀元件的工作表面的层中。
根据本发明的另一个方面,一种制造多晶金刚石磨蚀元件的方法包括以下步骤:提供大量金刚石颗粒和至少一种金属硼化物源以形成未粘结的组件,该金刚石颗粒优选与催化材料源一起提供,其中该至少一种金属硼化物的金属组分是强的氧吸气剂(清除剂),和将该未粘结的组件经受适合于制造多晶金刚石磨蚀元件的升高的温度和压力条件。
该金属硼化物的金属组分的氧化物具有高熔点,通常>2000℃,并且金属优选选自镁、钙、铝、锶、钇、锆、铪、铬和稀土金属,特别是铈和镧。特别地,稀土金属硼化物在本发明中是有利的。
该未粘结的组件优选包括基材,当未粘结的组件烧结时其制得了多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块。
基材将通常为烧结碳化物基材,其还将通常为催化材料源。一些附加的催化材料可以通常以包含金刚石催化剂/溶剂的第二相形式与金刚石颗粒混合。
由大量金刚石颗粒制得多晶金刚石层所需的升高的温度和压力条件是本领域公知的。一般而言,这些条件是4-8GPa的压力和1100-1700℃的温度。
附图简述
现在将仅仅通过例子参照附图更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1是本发明多个优选实施方案的多晶金刚石磨蚀元件的耐磨性相对于参考的多晶金刚石磨蚀元件的归一化耐磨性图;
图2是图1中提及的本发明的其中一个优选实施方案的XRF分析;和
图3是图1中提及的本发明的另一个优选实施方案的XRF分析。
优选实施方案的详述
本发明涉及多晶金刚石磨蚀元件、掺入它们的坯块及其制造。本发明还开发了将硼加入多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块中同时最小化或消除氧存在的有害效应的优点。通过将金属硼化物加入金刚石粉末发现观察到改进的磨蚀元件性能,其中该硼化物的金属组分是强的氧吸气剂。这类金属硼化物的金属组分的氧化物通常具有高熔点(>2000℃)。例子是镁、钙、铝、锶、钇、锆、铪和铬以及稀土金属,特别是铈和镧。
在烧结过程期间,加入金刚石粉末中的金属硼化物在烧结所需的高温—一般为>1200℃并且通常为1100-1700℃下通过溶解在熔融的催化剂/溶剂中而分解。当分解时,硼组分与加入金刚石中的金属粉末(通常为钴)形成合金或者与从烧结碳化钨基材渗透到金刚石层的熔融钴金属形成合金,和/或其本身位于晶粒间界上,变得掺入到新近重新结晶的金刚石中和/或以一定的方式扩散到金刚石颗粒中,以提供现有技术中描述的许多优点。同时,金属硼化物释放的金属组分例如铈被认为优先与体系中存在的任何氧结合,形成了离散的惰性金属氧化物颗粒,由此有效地从晶粒间界面上除去氧,在边界面上氧将影响烧结过程。以该方式,获得通常具有高耐磨性的烧结金刚石磨蚀坯块。
以金刚石粉末的重量计,加入金刚石粉末中的金属硼化物的典型含量小于约4%,优选小于约2%,更优选小于约1.0%,并且最优选小于约0.7%,并且大于约0.01%,更优选大于约0.1%,并且最优选大于约0.2%。对于每一金属硼化物类型,最优选的含量将是不同和特定的。金属硼化物的颗粒尺寸为从纳米尺寸的颗粒(10纳米的级别)到微米尺寸的颗粒,通常为10μm,并且优选0.1μm-2μm。在烧结之前金属硼化物可以作为粉末加入到金刚石粉末中并且混合,或者可以将其本身粒化或者与金刚石粉末一起粒化。还设想可以例如使用溶胶-凝胶技术将金属硼化物涂覆在离散的金刚石颗粒上,或者甚至可能从含有其作为添加剂的基材中渗出。金属硼化物源可由不同金属硼化物的混合物组成,但总共将合计不超过金刚石粉末的4wt%。
金属硼化物将分布遍及通常为层形式的多晶金刚石材料的厚度。作为选择,其可以位于多晶金刚石材料的离散区域中,例如在磨蚀元件的工作表面邻近的层中。在该情形下,其可以作为粉末或者覆盖金刚石层的压制层,或者作为预复合物杯中的内涂层,或者作为单独混合的金刚石/金属硼化物层而存在于预复合物中。
金刚石颗粒的尺寸为5nm-100μm,并且优选0.75μm-45μm。金刚石粉末可由在这些范围内的不同尺寸级分的混合物组成以产生多峰尺寸分布(如EP0626237和US5,468,286中的教导),或者可以仅仅是这些尺寸中的一种以产生单峰尺寸分布。
在HPHT处理期间,可以将溶剂/催化剂相作为加入的金属粉末而引入金刚石粉末/金属硼化物混合物中,和/或可以通过从基材/背衬中渗透而引入。还可能的是在金刚石层与基材之间提供所希望的渗透物(通常是Co、Ni、Fe、Cr或合金)的金属薄膜(垫片),以使得在烧结期间熔融的金属薄膜渗入金刚石层。该基材/背衬可以是烧结的碳化钨(例如Co/WC)、金属陶瓷(例如W/TiC、W/Ti/Ta或类似材料),或者多晶金刚石可以对其表现出良好粘结性的任何材料。以金刚石层的体积计,溶剂/催化剂将通常以小于30%,并且优选为20%或更小而存在于坯块中。
金刚石层可以负载在基材上,基材可以是非-平面性质的或者可以是未背衬的以用作独立的耐磨材料。其例子是在其中热稳定性重要的应用中,例如在岩石钻孔应用中的刮刀(gauge cutter)或者暴露于高温下的磨损部件。
其中金刚石颗粒嵌入金属粘结并且在烧结期间在金刚石颗粒之间没有出现共生的金刚石工具例如锯片的制造也将从本发明的方法中获益。
除了直的圆柱形切割或者磨蚀元件之外,本发明的多晶金刚石磨蚀元件还可以为例如半球形刀具的形式,例如子弹、纽扣或螺栓。
影响烧结的金属渗透物或添加剂可以是在使用金属粘结的锯片制造中通常使用的铁、钴、镍或其混合物或者合金。
现在将仅仅通过例子参照以下非限定实施例更详细地描述本发明。
实施例1(对比例)
以下列方式制备大量多晶金刚石坯块:将3g平均颗粒尺寸为22μm的金刚石粉末放置与碳化钨基材接触并且在高的压力和温度(约1300℃和5GPa)下处理。在烧结之后,将PDC刀具磨蚀至一定的尺寸并且通过将多晶金刚石切割边缘压在高速下旋转的花岗岩棒上而经受磨损试验。由此测量的耐磨性用作与实施例2-4中金属硼化物掺杂的PDC刀具对比的基线。
实施例2
根据实施例1制造多晶金刚石坯块,但在高的压力和温度下烧结之前加入金刚石粉末重量的0.5%用量的粒状二硼化铝。将这些刀具的耐磨性与实施例1中获得的那些相比,并且表现出平均4%的增大,这表明由于PDC刀具中二硼化铝的存在而因此耐磨性提高。
实施例3
根据实施例1制造多晶金刚石坯块,但在高的压力和温度下烧结之前加入金刚石粉末重量的0.7%的粒状六硼化铈。耐磨性表现出6%的提高。如图2中所示,通过XRF分析检测出铈的存在。
实施例4
根据以上方法制造含有0.7wt%的粒状六硼化镧的多晶金刚石坯块,并且耐磨性表现出6%的提高。如图3中所示,通过XRF分析检测出镧的存在。

Claims (9)

1.一种制造多晶金刚石磨蚀元件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供大量金刚石颗粒和至少一种金属硼化物源以形成未粘结的组件,所述金属硼化物按照金刚石粉末的重量计以大于0.1%且小于4%提供,其中该至少一种金属硼化物的金属组分是强的氧吸气剂,和
使该未粘结的组件经受1100-1700℃的温度和4-8GPa的压力,
其中将大量金刚石颗粒和至少一种金属硼化物源与催化材料源一起提供以形成未粘结的组件。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中该金属组分的氧化物具有大于2000℃的熔点。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中该金属组分选自镁、钙、铝、锶、钇、锆、铪、铬和稀土金属。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中该至少一种金属硼化物选自稀土金属硼化物。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中该至少一种金属硼化物的金属是铈和/或镧。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中该未粘结的组件进一步包括基材,当该未粘结的组件烧结时制得了多晶金刚石磨蚀坯块。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中基材是烧结碳化物基材。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中基材是催化材料源。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中将包含金刚石催化剂/溶剂的第二相形式的另外的催化材料与金刚石颗粒混合。
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DE602006012997D1 (de) 2010-04-29
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EP1924405B1 (en) 2010-03-17
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CA2618658A1 (en) 2007-02-15
CN101267914A (zh) 2008-09-17

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