CN101265171B - 阿托伐醌的合成工艺 - Google Patents

阿托伐醌的合成工艺 Download PDF

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CN101265171B
CN101265171B CN2008100696135A CN200810069613A CN101265171B CN 101265171 B CN101265171 B CN 101265171B CN 2008100696135 A CN2008100696135 A CN 2008100696135A CN 200810069613 A CN200810069613 A CN 200810069613A CN 101265171 B CN101265171 B CN 101265171B
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atovaquone
ammonium persulfate
reaction
naphthoquinones
acetonitrile
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CN101265171A (zh
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王宇
廖家华
李倩
刘青
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Chongqing Kangpu Formosan Union Chemical Corporation
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CHONGQING HALLOCHEM PHARMA Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阿托伐醌的合成工艺,在硝酸银催化剂存在下,以2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌和4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸为原料,于乙腈溶剂中反应,将反应试剂加入到反应容器中,边搅拌边加热至回流,在回流下滴加过硫酸铵水溶液,过硫酸铵用量为2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌摩尔数的2~3倍,反应完成后,冷却结晶,过滤,用三氯甲烷溶解结晶产物,再次过滤,收集滤液,减压蒸出三氯甲烷,用乙腈重结晶得阿托伐醌黄色针状晶体。本发明合成路线只需一步反应,节约了合成成本,得率高,且制备的阿托伐醌的纯度较高。

Description

阿托伐醌的合成工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化学合成药物的工艺,特别涉及一种阿托伐醌(Atovaquone)的合成工艺。
背景技术
阿托伐醌(I)(2-(反式-4-(4-氯苯基)环己基)-3-羟基-1,4-萘二酮,英文名称:Atovaquone,CAS号:95233-18-4)是辅酶Q的同系物,具有抗几种原虫的活性,对疟原虫属,其作用部位为细胞色素bcl结合点(结合点III)。二氢乳清醒脱氢酶是吡啶生物合成中重要的酶,通过辅酶Q连接线粒体作电子传递,因此本品通过抑制电子传递阻止吡啶的合成。一些代谢酶通过辅酶Q参与线粒体的电子传递,因此,本品抑制电子传递作用实际上是抑制了这些酶的活性。
Figure G2008100696135D00011
目前,阿托伐醌由2-氯-1,4萘醌(氯代萘醌)与4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸缩合反应生成,文献(Synthesis of atovaquone,Tetrahedron Letters,1998,39(42),Pages 7629-7632)报道的合成路线如下:
Figure G2008100696135D00021
在此合成路线中,需要缩合和水解两步反应,而且,缩合时未添加催化剂,反应速度慢,反应时间较长,并且,由于添加的反应试剂较多,导致最终制备的阿托伐醌纯品纯度不高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种纯度高且适宜于大量制备的阿托伐醌的合成工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
合成路线如下所示:
Figure G2008100696135D00022
阿托伐醌(III)的合成工艺,在硝酸银催化剂存在下,以2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌(II)和4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸(I)为原料,于乙腈溶剂中反应,合成工艺步骤为:
加入乙腈到反应容器中,再将2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌、4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸和硝酸银按摩尔数之比1∶1∶0.1~0.5加入到反应容器中,边搅拌边加热至回流,在回流下滴加过硫酸铵水溶液,过硫酸铵用量为2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌摩尔数的2~3倍,反应1~4小时后,冷却结晶,过滤,用三氯甲烷溶解结晶产物,再次过滤,收集滤液,减压蒸出三氯甲烷,用乙腈重结晶得阿托伐醌黄色针状晶体。硝酸银为催化剂,硝酸银的加入量对反应的影响不大,本发明对其加入量进行限定,只是便于本发明的实施,并不说明在本发明所限定的范围外不能实施。
本发明在反应时,搅拌速度为150~300rpm;在滴加过硫酸铵水溶液时,滴加过硫酸铵水溶液所消耗的时间控制在50~70min内。。
与现有的合成工艺相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)工艺流程缩短。现有合成工艺包括缩合和水解两步反应,而本发明选用的原料不同于现有合成工艺,根据新的原料重新设计的合成路线只需一步反应;
(2)由于本发明合成路线的缩短,避免引入过多的反应试剂,因此,节约了合成成本,同时,由于参加反应的试剂较少,因此,所制备的阿托伐醌的纯度较高;
(3)本发明以2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌为原料,2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌的合成工艺简单,成本低,且不会污染环境。
具体实施方式
合成路线如下:
Figure G2008100696135D00041
实施例1
将2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌(II)(4.30g,0.02mol),4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸(I)(4.9g,0.02mol),硝酸银(1.05g,0.0062mol),乙腈40ml加入到500ml四口烧瓶中,以300rpm的转速边搅拌边加热至回流,在1小时内滴加80ml过硫酸铵水溶液(12.0g,0.0525mol),回流搅拌3小时后冷却至0℃,维持30分钟,过滤,得黄色粉状固体,用30ml三氯甲烷溶解结晶产物,滤去不溶物,减压蒸出三氯甲烷,用40ml乙腈重结晶得阿托伐醌(III)黄色针状晶体(0.6g),熔点216℃~219℃(参考文献阿托伐醌的熔点为216℃~219℃),收率7.8%。
实施例2
将2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌(II)(10.20g,0.05mol),4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸(I)(11.94g,0.05mol),硝酸银(1.05g,0.025mol),乙腈150ml加入到500ml四口烧瓶中,以200rpm的转速边搅拌边加热至回流,在50min内滴加160ml过硫酸铵水溶液(34.2g,0.15mol),回流搅拌4小时后冷却至0℃,维持30分钟,过滤,得黄色粉状固体,用80ml三氯甲烷溶解结晶产物,滤去不溶物,减压蒸出三氯甲烷,用90ml乙腈重结晶得阿托伐醌(III)黄色针状晶体(1.38g),收率7.5%。
实施例3
合成工艺步骤和工艺条件与实施例1相同,不同之处在于加入过硫酸铵水溶液的量为:80ml过硫酸铵水溶液(9.1g,0.04mol),最终收率为7.65%。

Claims (3)

1.一种阿托伐醌的合成工艺,其特征在于:在硝酸银催化剂存在下,以2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌和4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸为原料,溶于乙腈中反应,其中,2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌、4-(4-氯苯基)环己基-1-甲酸和硝酸银的摩尔数之比为1∶1∶0.1~0.5,反应开始时,边搅拌边加热至回流,在回流下滴加过硫酸铵水溶液,过硫酸铵用量为2-乙氧基-1,4-萘醌摩尔数的2~3倍,反应2~4小时后,冷却结晶,过滤,用三氯甲烷溶解结晶产物,滤去不溶物,减压蒸干三氯甲烷,用乙腈重结晶得阿托伐醌黄色针状晶体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阿托伐醌的合成工艺,其特征在于:所述搅拌速度为150~300rpm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阿托伐醌的合成工艺,其特征在于:在滴加过硫酸铵水溶液时,滴加过硫酸铵水溶液所消耗的时间控制在50~70min内。
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