CN101263862B - Food and rink castoff feed processing method and culture medium and confecting method thereby - Google Patents
Food and rink castoff feed processing method and culture medium and confecting method thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN101263862B CN101263862B CN2008100113042A CN200810011304A CN101263862B CN 101263862 B CN101263862 B CN 101263862B CN 2008100113042 A CN2008100113042 A CN 2008100113042A CN 200810011304 A CN200810011304 A CN 200810011304A CN 101263862 B CN101263862 B CN 101263862B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing the food waste to feed through adopting the microecology fermentation technology, which is characterized in that: two groups of the microecology preparation are used during treating; one group of the microecology preparation comprises yeast, lactobacillus and combined fungus of enterococcus faecalis; and the other group of the microecology preparation comprises bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes. The method has the advantages that: the microecology preparation used as starter is added into the food waste, so as to remove the harmful microorganism such as pathogen through fermentation and realize full utilization and zero discharge of resources during feed processing; the consumption of energy is low; the equipment investment is low with simple and easy practice; and the produced microecology forage can replace the forage containing the antibiotic additive with green environmental protection. The invention also discloses a culture medium containing the component of seaweed, soybean sprout and sweet potato and a configuration process, the culture medium has the advantages of adapting to cultivation and proliferation of a plurality of probiotics and being beneficial to mass produce high-quality microecology preparation with low price and easy configuration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of feed, more particularly, relate to a kind of method of utilizing castoff of food and drink processing feed, and the used culture medium of this method and this culture medium preparation method.
Background technology
Food garbage mainly is made up of food wastes such as leftovers.It is a global difficult problem that food garbage is administered, and it causes the concern of the people of all social strata for a long time.Because food garbage contains nutrients such as the necessary fiber of abundant animal and fowl fodder, protein, fat and starch.So food garbage is all the feed of family and city suburbs livestock and poultry cultivation since ancient times, direct feeding animals.If but this food garbage that does not add processing directly feed livestock and poultry and can cause ten million " rubbish pig ", " rubbish chicken " brings harm for people's health.
China produces considerable food garbage every day.Have daily output food garbage in area, expert statistics Dalian to surpass 1000 tons, Shanghai is produced about 1100 tons daily, and the Xi'an is produced daily more than 500 tons, and every day is outwelled 5,000 ten thousand tons by Shaanxi Province.The research and development that the food garbage resource is made full use of have both at home and abroad obtained significant achievement.According to the microecology principle, adopt the micro-ecology fermentation technology to the food garbage purified treatment, make it be converted into micro-ecological feed fully, report very few.Domesticly see the treatment technology and complete set of equipments report that utilizes swill rubbish to produce feed, but related to probiotics (active bacteria formulation) processing; Though see the laboratory report that the swill biologic treating technique is produced feed, whether contain probiotics viable bacteria in the feed and do not see and mention.It is the micro-ecological feed and the production method thereof of primary raw material with the swill that Chinese patent ZL200410024920.3 discloses a kind of, after it enters Separation of Solid and Liquid with swill rubbish (food garbage), detect solid foreign materials, solid-liquid mixing pulping then, again swill is starched through high temperature (100-120 ℃) sterilization, the harmless treatment stage of microwave sterilization sterilization, add corn flour in proportion, wheat bran, dregs of beans, after fully mixing, inoculate candida utili, brewer's yeast and Lactobacillus plantarum (three kinds of bacterium composite bacteria agent capables), in fermentation vat 35-37 ℃ 24-48 hour, fermentation back material will be dried to solid feed under 50-70 ℃ of temperature conditions.After testing, contain microorganism viable bacteria number 〉=10 in the feed
6Individual/gram.
The method of above-mentioned patent is to adopt high-temperature sterilization to carry out harmless treatment, and shortcoming not only energy resource consumption is big, and can diminish the vitamins and other nutritious components in the food garbage.For example the compound sugar (oligosaccharides) that is produced by fibrous matter in the easy loss food garbage under hot conditions descends feed nutritive value.Oligosaccharides can make animal alimentary canal Bifidobacterium quantity increase, and regulates the alimentary canal microecological balance, strengthens immunity, the effect of disease preventing and treating is arranged, especially the nutritional labeling of animal.Therefore HTHP or add physico-chemical method such as acid food garbage is not had
The evilization processing procedure has reduced the quality of feed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, design a kind of feed making method of castoff of food and drink, its objective is according to the microecology principle, adopt the micro-ecology fermentation technology, reducing resource cost and reducing under the situation of investment cost, letter and the easy processing food garbage of row is turned waste into wealth.As leavening or title cleanser, add food garbage with probiotics (active bacteria formulation), make food garbage be transformed into micro-ecological feed, reach the feed process of complete utilization zero-emission by fermentation process.
To achieve these goals, the feed making method of a kind of castoff of food and drink of the present invention comprised the steps: that (1) adds first group of probiotics of weight 0.1-5% ratio in food garbage, 20-34 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 20-40 hour; First group of probiotics comprises Candida, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus acidi lactici and lactic acid coccus.(2) add second group of probiotics of 0.1-5% once more,, fermented 20-48 hour at 20-34 ℃; Second group of probiotics comprises bacillus cereus 1-5 part, bacillus subtilis 1-5 part, VREF 1-4 part, photosynthetic bacteria 1-6 part, and 13 parts in actinomyces.
The feed making method of above-mentioned castoff of food and drink, its improvement is, in step (2), add rice chaff 5-50% or corn flour 10-30% or wheat bran 2-10% or dregs of beans 0.5-10% or salt 0.1-0.5% simultaneously with second group of probiotics, again or the combination of a few class materials.In addition, also comprise afterwards that in step (2) step (3) is dried to solid feed with the product of step 2 under 23-45 ℃ of condition, make pulvis or particle.
Above-mentioned first group of probiotics is that probio is taked composite bacteria liquid that compound cultivation produces by weight 1: 1-5 loads the pulvis that system becomes.Second group of probiotics is to mix the composite bacteria liquid that forms by weight 1: the 1-5 ratio loads the pulvis that system becomes.Above-mentioned carrier is oyster shell whiting or bentonite or wheat bran.
The present invention also provides a kind of culture medium that is used for probiotics, and wherein, the component of solid matter in culture medium comprises seawood meal 0.5-2%, moyashi 1-5%, Ipomoea batatas 1-7%.Under the optimal way, also comprise 0.5-2% glucose or sucrose.
The method of concrete configuration culture medium is an example to prepare 100 gram culture mediums, comprises the steps: that (a) gets moyashi 1-5 gram, does slurry, removes slag, stays juice; Get seawood meal 0.5-2 gram, water distribution decocted 0.5-3 hour; Get scarlet potato 1-7 gram, do slurry, remove slag, stay juice.(b) above-mentioned juice is mixed, adds 0.5-2 gram glucose or sucrose, after water distribution is boiled, filter and remove residue, again through 100 ℃-120 ℃ sterilization 20-30 minute.The content of water is the 84-97 gram in the final 100 gram culture mediums, is slightly less than 84 grams certainly, and promptly a spot of moisture content runs off in the process for preparation, can ignore.
The invention belongs to the resource and environment technical field, relate to a kind of food garbage processing method, particularly the food garbage purified treatment is prepared the method for feed with the micro-ecology fermentation technology.The present invention does not adopt physics and chemistry processing procedures such as HTHP in to the food garbage innocent treatment procedure.And adopt the micro-ecology fermentation technology fully,, add food garbage and under 20-34 ℃ of condition, ferment as leavening with probiotics.At last when drying, also non-50-70 ℃ high-temperature drying can be utilized natural solar energy to make room temperature reach 20-45 ℃ at hot house or greenhouse and can carry out drying.The micro-ecological feed of producing, product viable bacteria content 〉=50 * 10
8Individual/gram, thus the quality of feed product guaranteed.
A greater variety of probios have been adopted in micro-ecology fermentation agent of the present invention, become composite bacteria agent capable, comprise saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces.The combination of the probio kind that optimizes is that the symbiosis compatibility is arranged, and bacterial classification is one group of composite bacteria agent capable preferably.Be divided into two groups at this.Promptly first group of probiotics (pulvis) is made up of Candida, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus acidi lactici and lactic acid coccus; Form by bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, VREF, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces for second group.More than various bacterium have plenty of independent cultivation, have plenty of several compound cultivations.According to bacterial classification combination requirement, with each culture compound be one group, the culture that contains probio that each group is mixed adds carrier (oyster shell whiting, bentonite or wheat bran etc.) respectively and makes pulvis.
The production of probiotics probio bacterial classification of the present invention is to adopt advanced liquid fermentation technology, has particularly adopted the culture medium of own initiative, has created strong condition for the probiotics of the high effect of large batch of production high-quality.
Probiotics of the present invention can replace antibiotic feed additive.With the food garbage is the micro-ecological feed that raw material is produced with the micro-ecology fermentation technology, can replace the feed that contains Antibiotic Additive fully.
Advantage of the present invention is that this biological treatment food garbage is comparatively thorough, can reach the complete utilization zero-emission of food garbage.Disposal cost is low, and consumes energy is few, and the investment of production equipment expense is few, and is simple and easily capable.
The micro-ecological feed that the present invention produces can be used as ecological concentrated feed and adds and be fitted in the feed, also can be used as microbial forage additive and adds to be fitted in the feed and use.The micro-ecological feed that the present invention produced has the growth of the pathogen of inhibition, strengthens immunity of organisms, and effects such as nutrition, reduction animal house harmful gas concentration are provided for body.It is a kind of feed product of environmental type.
The specific embodiment
The present invention makes the method for feed with the micro-ecology fermentation technology with food garbage, utilizes probiotics to add in the food garbage as leavening and makes food garbage be purified processing, and therefore make micro-ecological feed.Probiotics is made up of the composite bacteria agent capable of multiple probio, mainly comprises lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces.
Probiotics comprises fermenting twice as leavening to the detailed process of food garbage harmless treatment.The first group of probiotics that adds for the first time weight 0.1-5% ratio in food garbage was 20-34 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 20-40 hour; Add for the second time second group of probiotics of 0.1-5%,, fermented 20-48 hour at 20-34 ℃; Under the optimal way,, fermented 20-23 hour at 20-34 ℃.Aforementioned proportion is the percentage of relative desire processing feed gross weight, for example, and 100 kilograms of feeds of desire processing, every group of probiotics of adding 0.1-5 kilogram.
In addition, first group of probiotics is made up of Candida, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus acidi lactici, the compound cultivation of lactic acid coccus.Formation and the parts by weight of probio are bacillus cereus 1-5 part, bacillus subtilis 1-5 part, VREF 1-4 part, photosynthetic bacteria 1-6 part, actinomyces 1-3 part in second group of probiotics, and above-mentioned mushroom mixes forms second group of probiotics.
Above-mentioned first group of probiotics (composite bacteria agent capable) is pulvis, also can be two formulations of pulvis and aqua and mixes use.Under the optimal way, three kinds of probios of first group of probiotics of the present invention take compound cultivation to produce composite bacteria liquid, and by weight 1: 1-5 loads system and becomes pulvis.After second group of each probio of probiotics cultivated separately, ratio is mixed by weight, as bacillus cereus 1-5 part, bacillus subtilis 1-5 part, VREF 1-4 part, photosynthetic bacteria 1-6 part, actinomyces 1-3 part, mix to form composite bacteria liquid, more by weight 1: the 1-5 ratio loads system and becomes pulvis.Above-mentioned carrier is selected oyster shell whiting or bentonite or wheat bran for use.
Concrete feed making method embodiment 1: the food garbage of collecting is picked the foreign matter foreign material, pulverizing first group of probiotics putting 0.1-5% into by the food garbage percentage by weight in the back mixes, in fermentation vat (or fermenter), seal and build, through 20-34 ℃ of fermentation 20-40 hour.For the first time after the fermentation, again according to the different demands of various animals to feed, by weight, with required various materials such as the corn flour of the product of fermentation for the first time and significant proportion amount, dregs of beans, wheat bran, rice chaff, fully mix second group of probiotics that the back adds 0.1-5%, carried out fermenting the second time 1-2 days at fermentation vat 20-34 ℃.After this, product is taken out, under 23-45 ℃ of condition, be dried to solid feed, and make pulvis or particle.
Under the optimal way, the proportioning that adds required material with second group of probiotics simultaneously is rice chaff or 10-30% corn flour or 2-10% wheat bran or 0.5-10% dregs of beans or the 0.1-0.5% salt of 5-50%, again or the combination of a few class materials.Above-mentioned content is the percentage of relative desire processing feed gross weight when adding a kind of material separately.When combination added multiple material, the ratio that can be provided with was as required added, and was not limited to above-mentioned degree this moment.
Embodiment 2: the piglet micro-ecological feed that desire preparation is 100 kilograms, get and detect solid sundries again through 57 kilograms of the food and drink leftovers of fragmentation, add 1 kilogram of mixing of first group of probiotics, at the fermenter good seal through 34 ℃, fermentation in 23 hours.Fermentate adds 15 kilograms of rice chaff more for the first time, and 24 kilograms of corn flour, 2 kilograms of dregs of beans, 0.5 kilogram of salt, 0.5 kilogram of second group of probiotics mix sealing and build, and carry out fermenting the second time 23 hours at 34 ℃; Taking-up is dried to solid feed (pulvis or as particle) under 23-45 ℃ of condition.
The various probios that probiotics of the present invention is used are by screening, optimize the bacterial strain of coming out; It is strong that these bacterial strains have a proliferative ability, symbiosis, compatibility characteristics preferably each other, and these bacterial strains are formed composite bacteria agent capables use.
The used culture medium of probio is different from general culture medium commonly used, and this culture medium can adapt to the growth and breeding of multiple probio.With this culture medium can make nutrient solution contain the bacterium number surpass in the past 2-8 doubly.The component raw material sources of this culture medium extensively and be easy to get, price only be generally to use the 3-5% of culture medium always, adapts to very much the high-quality probiotics product of large-scale production.
The used culture medium of the present invention is that a kind of Chinese herbal medicines such as containing seawood meal 0.5-2%, moyashi 1-5%, pachyrhizus (Ipomoea batatas) 1-7% that adopted is the culture medium (degree is the ratio of the relative culture medium total amount of solid matter) of component.Sometimes can add a spot of glucose or sucrose, add an amount of pure water and make through decocting autoclaving.Wherein, in the culture medium of making, its pure water content is 84-97% (comprising the used water yields such as doing soybean sprout juice and Ipomoea batatas juice).Therefore in the step of preparation culture medium, at first, calculate total consumption of water outlet according to the output of culture medium, under the certain prerequisite of water consumption, suitably use in each link of each step, and in the final link that decocts, can suitably add water, to replenish the loss of moisture content in the processing link; Perhaps will not replenish moisture content, a small amount of loss ignored.
Culture medium embodiment: the culture medium of desire preparation 100 grams, get moyashi (sprouting about long 5mm) 2.2 grams, do slurry, remove slag, stay juice; Seawood meal (mixtures such as sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida, extra large laver) 1.4 grams decoct 0.5-3 hour (getting final product in common 1 hour); Scarlet potato 4.2 grams are done slurry, are removed slag, stay juice; Brown sugar 2 gram (glucose or sucrose also can); Pure water 90.2 gram, (containing the above-mentioned water that bean sprouts juice etc. spends of doing); After again the each component mixing being boiled, cross and filter to remove thick slag, got final product in 20 minutes through 120 ℃ of sterilizations again.
The above; only be the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the feed making method of a castoff of food and drink is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(S1) in food garbage, add first group of probiotics of weight 0.1-5% ratio, 20-34 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 20-40 hour; Described first group of probiotics is made up of the compound cultivation of mushroom that comprises Candida, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus acidi lactici and lactic acid coccus;
(S2) add second group of probiotics of 0.1-5% once more,, fermented 20-48 hour at 20-34 ℃; Described second group of probiotics comprises bacillus cereus 1-5 part, bacillus subtilis 1-5 part, 14 parts of VREFs, photosynthetic bacteria 1-6 part, and actinomyces 1-3 part.
2. according to the feed making method of the described castoff of food and drink of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (S2), add rice chaff 5-50% or corn flour 10-30% or wheat bran 2-10% or dregs of beans 0.5-10% or salt 0.1-0.5% simultaneously with described second group of probiotics, again or the combination of a few class materials.
3. according to the feed making method of claim 1 or 2 described castoff of food and drink, it is characterized in that described step (S2) also comprises step (S3) afterwards, under 23-45 ℃ of condition, be dried to solid feed, make pulvis or particle.
4. according to the feed making method of the described castoff of food and drink of claim 3, it is characterized in that described first group of probiotics is that probio is taked composite bacteria liquid that compound cultivation produces by weight 1: 1-5 loads the pulvis that system becomes; Second group of probiotics is to mix the composite bacteria liquid that forms by weight 1: the 1-5 ratio loads the pulvis that system becomes; Described carrier is oyster shell whiting or bentonite or wheat bran.
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| CN102731172A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-17 | 浙江省长三角循环经济技术研究院 | Treatment process for kitchen waste |
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| CN104611248A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | 角志海 | Composite biological living bacteria preparation and preparation technology thereof |
| CN104957369A (en) * | 2015-07-12 | 2015-10-07 | 宿州市笑果饲料科技有限责任公司 | Composite protein feed for livestock |
| CN104957370A (en) * | 2015-07-12 | 2015-10-07 | 宿州市笑果饲料科技有限责任公司 | Compound protein feed for poultry |
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Effective date of registration: 20160921 Address after: 116400 abalone village, Zhuanghe, Liaoning, Dalian Patentee after: Jun (Dalian) Biological Industry Co., Ltd. Address before: The Southwest Road in Shahekou District of Dalian City, Liaoning province 116000 Suzhou Nan Xiang No. 26 2-1-3 Patentee before: Dalian Yili Micro-ecology Technology Development Center |
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