CN101263794A - Ecological cultivation technique for crab - Google Patents
Ecological cultivation technique for crab Download PDFInfo
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- CN101263794A CN101263794A CNA2008100250035A CN200810025003A CN101263794A CN 101263794 A CN101263794 A CN 101263794A CN A2008100250035 A CNA2008100250035 A CN A2008100250035A CN 200810025003 A CN200810025003 A CN 200810025003A CN 101263794 A CN101263794 A CN 101263794A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000006830 Digitaria didactyla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000371997 Eriocheir sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001442651 Pinnotheres Species 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological crab culture technique, which is characterized in that, along the direction of water flow, the alternative spacing mode of purse seine crab breeding and enclosed grass raising is adopted; every year the crab breeding area is replaced by grass raising, and the grass raising area is replaced by crab breeding. The ecological crab culture technique of the invention has the advantages that, by adopting enclosed inter-culture technique of crab and waterweed, efficient material circulation is realized; the production of pollution is reduced, and the water quality of water body is improved; the invention is an economical, environmental and efficient green culture technique worth popularizing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecologic breeding technology, be specifically related to a kind of ecological cultivation technique for crab.
Background technology
In recent years, the unordered and excessive development that the net culture in enclosure is grown, and the net culture in enclosure grows the adjustment of kind, quickened the selective destruction to water plants and root system thereof has caused the water body bogginess in eutrophication and lake gradually.Crab is supported in the lake particularly has great destructiveness to the submerged plant root system to waterweeds resource, water plants difficult recovery in 2～3 years in the foster net in 1～2 year of crab encloses the district, the lake self-repairing capability a little less than.Taihu Lake, east is a shallow water arm of lake in corner, the southeast, Taihu Lake, and fishery resources are abundant, before 1996 mainly culturing careless bream, after carry out the transition to based on cultivating river crab gradually.The large tracts of land culture in enclosure causes a large amount of inputs of artificial feed, and residual bait and fish crab excreta increase severely in the lake, have had a strong impact on water quality.Unordered and the large-scale corral in present eastern Taihu Lake makes peasant along the lake be difficult to drag in the lake to cut pasture and water and shifts out nutritive salt, net enclose but not the culture zone in pasture and water run its course, the dead rotten organic sediment of pasture and water increases year by year in the lake, has quickened the bogginess in eastern Taihu Lake.Therefore protect the fine water in eastern Taihu Lake and other river, lake of China, control culture in enclosure scale is strengthened the protection of the aquatic higher plant of high-quality and is manually enlarged its distribution area, and the water quality that buffering is regulated part deterioration already is very urgent.
Waterweed is a dioecian plant.Early 1980s introduces from Japan with lake research institute by Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing is geographical.Because of its fast growing and high yield and nutritious and the fishery good palatability is very popular.Can stand 0 ℃ even cold below freezing.Waterweed is in the summit of growth phase in 5～June, and biomass can reach 5～8kg/m
2
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the technology of a kind of ecological cultivation crab, supports crab to environment damage to overcome present purse seine, improves quality of water environment when improving business efficiency.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of ecological cultivation technique for crab along water (flow) direction, adopts the foster crab of purse seine and encloses the mode of supporting careless alternate intervals of blocking; And annual all with last one year foster crab the zone replace with and support grass, the zone of supporting grass last one year was replaced with supported crab.Promptly along water (flow) direction, the waters is divided into several regions, can adopt purse seine to support crab-purse seine in 1 year and support the foster grass of the foster crab-purse seine of grass-purse seine ... scheme, in same waters and purse seine scope, adopted purse seine to support grass-purse seine and support crab-purse seine and support grass-purse seine and support crab in 1 year ... scheme.
Wherein, the zone of the foster crab of purse seine is identical with the region area of the foster grass of purse seine.
Wherein, the gross area of the foster crab of purse seine accounts for the 40-45% in whole breed waters, and purse seine is supported the 40-45% that the careless gross area accounts for whole breed waters, and remaining zone is the working region, is used to navigate, salvages pasture and water and cross water etc., and a large amount of pasture and water also can grow.
Wherein, described grass is a waterweed.Its kind method for planting is: because waterweed is vegetative propagation, so annual 3-4 month cuttage waterweed, every square of waters average skewer branch waterweed 200-500g.
In lake culture, it is 6667-13334km that the river crab area is grown in general net culture in enclosure
2(10-20 mu), net enclose generally and are set to be rectangle according to water (flow) direction, and conventional is the long limit that net encloses with main water (flow) direction, if with 6667m
2Water surface area is calculated, and net surrounding edge length is generally 80-120m.
By adopting technique scheme, support the crab zone at purse seine, the a large amount of excretas and the unnecessary nutrients that produce, enter purse seine along current and support the grass zone, supply water and give birth to the plant absorbing growth, simultaneously, water plants cradles to drop into supports the feed of crab zone as crab, and at growing period rationally cradling of waterweed helped its quick growth, also can greatly improve the output of waterweed.Can realize the efficient circulation of material in this way, thereby reduce the generation of pollutant, improve water quality.By 1 year, to rest the crab zone and support careless regional the replacement, the nutrients and the excreta that are deposited in the former foster crab zone in the bottom sludge can be absorbed for its growth by pasture and water, and in other words, pasture and water can further be removed the deep layer pollutant.
Therefore easily simultaneously, waterweed is compared with eel grass with the high-quality water plants hydrilla verticillata that routine is thought, has higher crude protein content etc., sees Table 1, is utilized by river crab etc.
Table 1 is that waterweed and other main aquatic vegetation composition compare
| Plant name | Moisture % | Crude protein % | Crude fat % | Raw fiber % | Nitrogen free extract % | Ash content % |
| Waterweed | 90.91 | 2.30 | 0.29 | 1.90 | 2.88 | 1.72 |
| Hydrilla verticillata | 92.69 | 1.53 | 0.18 | 1.40 | 2.32 | 1.61 |
| Eel grass | 94.77 | 1.12 | 0.24 | 0.90 | 1.98 | 0.99 |
| Little tooth pondweed | 86.43 | 2.67 | 0.40 | 2.83 | 6.04 | 1.63 |
| Hornwort | 93.59 | 2.61 | 0.14 | 1.02 | 1.68 | 0.96 |
The present invention is the optimal selection of water plants with the waterweed.Main because it is with the obvious advantage aspect organic matter and the trans-utilization nutriment in removing water body, and the cottage propagation of waterweed easily survives and forms high biomass, also is to culture crab to like one of feed of eating.
Beneficial effect: ecological cultivation technique for crab of the present invention, support technology between the crab of employing purse seine and pasture and water, realized the efficient circulation of material, particularly reduced total generation of regional pollution thing, improved water quality, be i.e. economy environmental protection again, be a kind of efficient green cultural technique, be worthy to be popularized.
Description of drawings
The schematic diagram of Fig. 1 for supporting between crab grass of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be under several initial nitrogen concentrations waterweed to the purification rate of total nitrogen.Wherein 1,2,3,4,5 initial nitrogen concentration is respectively 0.917mg/l, 1.220mg/l, 2.144mg/l, 2.870mg/l, 3.426mg/l.
Fig. 3 be under several initial phosphorus concentrations waterweed to the purification rate of total phosphorus.Wherein 1,2,3,4,5 initial phosphorus concentration is respectively 0.189mg/l, 0.129mg/l, 0.067mg/l, 0.041mg/l, 0.07mg/l.
Fig. 4 is the comparison of waterweed to different nitrogen and phosphorus content clearances.Wherein 1 is TN, and 2 is NH
4 +-N, 3 is TP, 4 is PO
4 3-P.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
2000, in cultivation base, eastern Taihu Lake with polyvinyl chloride net corral water surface 6000m
2, along water (flow) direction, purse seine is divided 8 600m
2Zone (long 100m, wide 60m), 8 zones are respectively applied for purse seine successively along water (flow) direction and support crab-purse seine and support grass-purse seine and support crab-purse seine and support grass-purse seine and support crab-purse seine and support grass-purse seine and support crab-purse seine and support grass.Try net encloses the waters and puts 300/600m of Pinnotheres of Chinese Mitten Crabs kind in a suitable place to breed
2April 10 to May 10 is cuttage water plants 3000kg altogether, every square of waters average skewer branch waterweed 500g.Observe after 30 days, measure cuttage waters plant plant height, waterweed is 45～60cm, and the waterweed cover degree is more than 50%.It is 800kg such as waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, hornwort that feed is thrown in every then waters, the corn of throwing something and feeding, wheat 75kg, spiral shell 270kg, fresh fish, frozen fish 150kg.Begin November to fish for, finish by the end of December.It is 55% that river crab works the rate of catching, average individual weight 190 grams, single net cage output 30kg, 1980 yuan of fishery incomes.
Calendar year 2001, in above-mentioned same waters, be respectively applied for the foster grass-purse seine of the foster crab-purse seine of the foster grass-purse seine of purse seine successively along water (flow) direction and support the foster crab of the foster grass-purse seine of the foster crab-purse seine of the foster grass-purse seine of crab-purse seine.Experimental technique is identical with 2000.
The test water sample is put 330/600m of river crab seedling in a suitable place to breed
2, test operation is similar.The feed of throwing something and feeding increases by 10%.Then river crab to work the rate of catching be 52%, average individual weight 175 grams, single net cage output 30.3kg, 1660 yuan of fishery incomes.As seen, the net culture in enclosure is grown density with 300/600m
2For easily.
From the culture zone 2 years water-quality ratios, the water quality monitoring of identical point position shows, cultures back water quality by 2 years and do not worsen, its water quality on average has certain improvement on the contrary, the results are shown in Table 2.
Water quality monitoring relatively in table 2 culturing area 2 years
Embodiment 2: the comparison of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata detergent power
In two cement pits of volume 1m * 1m * 1m, inject underground water, cuttage waterweed, each 2500g of hydrilla verticillata.Pond sewage is injected in plant survival back, keeps the depth of water at 0.5m.The parallel control group is established in experiment.Therapy lasted 5 days, during temperature at 25～28 ℃, water temperature is 22～25 ℃.Experimental result sees Table 3.
Experimental result shows, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata check both not have significant difference to the clearance of nitrogen, phosphorus in the fishery sewage through t, and the waterweed, the hydrilla verticillata that as seen belong to Hydrocharctaceae together have similar purifying functions.Because waterweed has the unit are output higher than hydrilla verticillata, therefore when environment is suitable, can more effectively remove the nutriment in the water body.
Table 3 waterweed, hydrilla verticillata are to the clearance of fishery sewage nitrogen, phosphorus
Embodiment 3: the submerged plant waterweed is to water body total nitrogen and total phosphorous removal effect
The concentration of total nitrogen total phosphorus all designs with the concentration of the eutrophication in Taihu Lake in the test water, exceeds its normal value mostly.N/P ratio TN: TP from 5 to 70 does not wait.During off-test, the average removal percentage of water body total nitrogen, total phosphorus is respectively 74.3% and 80.2% as can be seen from Table 4.This result shows that waterweed all has tangible removal effect to water body total nitrogen, total phosphorus.Removing mechanism about it may be plant nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, can directly be absorbed the structure component of back in order to synthetic plant self by plant.By nitrogen, phosphorus in the root absorption substrate, plant corpus absorbs nitrogen, the phosphorus in the water, thereby has the enriched in nitrogen stronger than floating plant, the ability of phosphorus.
Table 4 submerged plant is to the removal effect of water body TN, TP
Embodiment 4: the V-t curvilinear equation of submerged plant waterweed
The water plants of removing speed (V) unit of referring to biomass causes the reduction value of nutrient concentrations in the unit volume water body in the unit interval.Influence its factor of removing speed illumination, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutritive salt etc. are arranged.Analyze with regard to the relation of nutrient concentration (TN and TP) and removal speed below.
In the formula:
---t
N+1Constantly remove speed, mgl
-1D
-1G
-1
Utilize following formula, can calculate and try to achieve the removal speed V of waterweed under different TN and TP concentration under the experimental condition, it is over time as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
(TN is 0.9～3.5mg.l-1, and TP is 0.06～0.19mg.l-1), and waterweed is not correlation preferably to the removal speed V of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and water body total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentration in the used nutrient concentration scope of test.But along with the reduction of total nitrogen total phosphorus concentration in the prolongation of time and the water body, submerged plant also decreases mostly to the removal speed of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.The difference that causes for different initial concentrations is also not obvious.
Embodiment 5: waterweed is to the comparison of different nitrogen, phosphorus content sewage clearance
For the clearance of quantitative study waterweed, use KNO to different nitrogen and phosphorus content aquaculture wastewaters
3, NH
4Cl, KH
2PO
4The solution that the laboratory is configured to 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 20mg/L joins in the aquaculture wastewater, has measured the clearance of waterweed 96h to nitrogen phosphorus.Experimental result is seen Fig. 4.The result shows, in the finite concentration scope, waterweed increases the clearance of the nitrogen phosphorus increase clearance with nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water body, and after concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus surpassed certain limit, waterweed descended to the clearance of nitrogen phosphorus.When nutriment concentration exceeds the purification threshold value of waterweed, not only can not purify water, himself survival is affected.Therefore in lake ecological recovers, utilize water plants to purify water and to fully take into account the tolerance of various plant corpuss nutrient concentrations.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of ecological cultivation technique for crab is characterized in that along water (flow) direction, adopts purse seine to support the mode of crab and the foster careless alternate intervals of purse seine; And annual all with last one year foster crab the zone replace with and support grass, the zone of supporting grass last one year was replaced with supported crab.
2, ecological cultivation technique for crab according to claim 1 is characterized in that the zone of the foster crab of purse seine is identical with the region area of the foster grass of purse seine.
3, ecological cultivation technique for crab according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gross area of the foster crab of purse seine accounts for the 40-45% in whole breed waters, and purse seine is supported the 40-45% that the careless gross area accounts for whole breed waters.
4,, it is characterized in that described grass is a waterweed according to claim 1,2 or 3 described ecological cultivation technique for crab.
5, ecological cultivation technique for crab according to claim 4 is characterized in that the kind method for planting of waterweed is: the annual 3-4 month is used the directly cuttage in bed mud of waterweed stem, every square of waters average skewer branch waterweed 200-500g.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100250035A CN101263794A (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Ecological cultivation technique for crab |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100250035A CN101263794A (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Ecological cultivation technique for crab |
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| CN101263794A true CN101263794A (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102077788A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-06-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for improving culture survival rate of river crabs by using climbing device |
| CN102106275A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding river crabs by using float grass channel and water wheel aerator |
| CN102283142A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-12-21 | 大通湖天泓渔业股份有限公司 | Low-carbon cycle fishery production method |
| CN103493764A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Antivirus cultivation method for crabs |
| CN104194858A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-10 | 苏州德新元节能环保科技有限公司 | Method and production line for preparing biomass particles by adopting aquatic plants |
| CN104488780A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 刘长华 | Freshwater crab breeding method |
| CN108207779A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Net cage wintering method outside a kind of young young testudinate room |
-
2008
- 2008-04-28 CN CNA2008100250035A patent/CN101263794A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102077788A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-06-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for improving culture survival rate of river crabs by using climbing device |
| CN102106275A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-29 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding river crabs by using float grass channel and water wheel aerator |
| CN102106275B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-10-03 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding river crabs by using float grass channel and water wheel aerator |
| CN102283142A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-12-21 | 大通湖天泓渔业股份有限公司 | Low-carbon cycle fishery production method |
| CN102283142B (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-03-13 | 大通湖天泓渔业股份有限公司 | Low-carbon cycle fishery production method |
| CN103493764A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Antivirus cultivation method for crabs |
| CN103493764B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-09-16 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | The antiviral cultural method of crab |
| CN104194858A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-10 | 苏州德新元节能环保科技有限公司 | Method and production line for preparing biomass particles by adopting aquatic plants |
| CN104194858B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2017-06-30 | 苏州德新元节能环保科技有限公司 | A kind of use pasture and water prepare the method and its production line of biological particles |
| CN104488780A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 刘长华 | Freshwater crab breeding method |
| CN108207779A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Net cage wintering method outside a kind of young young testudinate room |
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