CN101253860B - Mosquito attrahent and method of preparing the same - Google Patents
Mosquito attrahent and method of preparing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101253860B CN101253860B CN200710037761A CN200710037761A CN101253860B CN 101253860 B CN101253860 B CN 101253860B CN 200710037761 A CN200710037761 A CN 200710037761A CN 200710037761 A CN200710037761 A CN 200710037761A CN 101253860 B CN101253860 B CN 101253860B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mosquito attractant and a preparation method thereof. The mosquito attractant is made from raw materials of glycerol, lactic acid and C10 -C16 saturated fatty acid which are esterified under the action of a catalyst of sodium acid sulfate and generate saturated fatty glyceride, lacti-glyceride and lacto-lactic acid; after the reaction reaches equilibrium the fractionation is carried out for a plurality of times in a depressure state to fractionate the water content and continuously carry out the esterification. When the reaction finishes, the reaction products are the inventive attractant after removing the catalyst of the sodium acid sulfate. In addition to the saturated fatty glyceride and the lacti-glyceride, the products further contain parts of saturated fatty glyceride, lactic acid, lacto-lactic acid and lactone-lactic acid. Combined with the carbon dioxide and the water vapor, the smell emitted from the attractant can simulate the human and the vertebrate metabolic products and thereby luring the female mosquito and other blood sucking insects into a mosquito trap device. The mosquito attractant has simple preparation method and stable release rate and the material thereof causes no environment pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insect attractant and preparation method thereof, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of mosquito attractant and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Mosquito belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, diptera, Dulicidae, is one type of important medical insect.The distribution of mosquito is very wide, all activities that has the mankind and mammiferous place that the mosquito class is nearly all arranged.The kind of mosquito is a lot, and the whole world has write down mosquito and had 3 subfamilies up to now, and 38 belong to, 3350 kinds and subspecies; The mosquito class of China has found also that at present 17 belong to more than 350 kinds, and wherein the mosquito class of anopheles, culex, 3 genus of yellow-fever mosquito accounts for more than half.
The sick mosquito kind of the common biography of China has: Anopheles sinensis, have a liking for people anopheles, anopheles minius, Anopheles dirus, Culex pipiens pallens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti etc.
The growth of mosquito is a holometaboly, divides 4 periods the history of life, i.e. ovum, larva (sub-Jue), pupa and adult.Move in the water preceding 3 periods, and adult moves in the land.Female mosquito lays eggs in ponding, and the mosquito ovum must could be hatched in water, summer usually after 2～3 days larva hatch.The length of larval phase is with water temperature and food and different, under the sufficient condition of 30 ℃ of temperature and food, needs 5～8 days approximately, turns to pupa through casting off a skin for 4 times.The resistance of pupa is strong, under anhydrous situation, as long as keep certain moistening, still can grow and turns into adult mosquito, and pupa turns into adult mosquito, is generally 2～3 days summer, and the emergence time, also can carry out daytime sometimes mainly in dusk and early morning.Soon, mating at once, suck blood, lay eggs after female mosquito sprouts wings.Depend on temperature, food and environment factors from egg development to adult mosquito required time, need 9～15 days approximately under optimum conditions, can breed 7～8 times in 1 year.
Male mosquito is not sucked blood, and only inhales water and nectar.Female mosquito can inhale water keeping individual survival, but ovary could be grown after must sucking human or animal's blood, raises up seed.The behavior of sucking blood of female mosquito generally has 4 stages; 1. take off: when compound concentration such as carbonic acid gas and lactic acid increases in the environment, stimulate the maincenter of flight orders in the mosquito brain to take off through the chemoreceptor on the feeler undercoat, and the trend object; 2. circuitous coiling: because the warm and humid convection current layer of one deck is arranged around the humans and animals body surface; After mosquito is found this strand air-flow through the hygroreceptor on the undercoat; Just fly to this air-flow very naturally, through spiraling always with cradle---human or animal's skin to this air-flow; 3. landing: select thin tender, euangiotic skin land; 4. suck blood: after stopping concealing, mouthpart thrusts skin to be spied, and the blood vessel location sucks blood.Female mosquito is many to begin to suck blood after emergence in 2～3 days, and the time of sucking blood is also many, and its optimum temperature is 20～35 ℃ in its movable time, and relative moisture is more than 50%.The research proof, carbon monoxide and chemical compound lot are driven effect to mosquito.
The object of sucking blood is different with the mosquito kind.What have has a liking for human blood partially, like Anopheles dirus, have a liking for people anopheles, aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens etc.; What have has a liking for domestic animal blood partially, like Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus etc.Anthropophilic partially mosquito can be held concurrently and inhaled the blood of animal, has a liking for the suction human blood of also holding concurrently of inhaling animal blood.But same mosquito kind blood-sucking habit also can morph, and mainly inhales human blood in Hainan Island like anopheles minius, then has a liking for ox blood partially in the Yangtze river basin.
The bloodthirsty property of mosquito has confidential relation to transmission of disease and popular.Anthropophilic partially mosquito, the chance of propagating human body diseases is more, often the main media of mosquito matchmaker disease.Can hold concurrently because of mosquito and to inhale the blood of humans and animals, the disease so ability disseminator beast takes a disease altogether is like Japanese Type-B encephalitis and yellow fever.The mosquito blood-sucking habit is to judge an important content of mosquito and disease relationship.
Back just mating in 1～2 day but mosquito sprouts wings, mating before female mosquito is everlasting and does not suck blood.Common female mosquito mating once just can be accepted the sperm in enough all one's life, but the mosquito that has wants mating several times throughout one's life.Female mosquito post-coitum all need be sucked blood, and makes the development of ovary, just can lay eggs.General female mosquito all between the lights or lay eggs to its breeding site early morning.Mosquito can lay eggs repeatedly in life, egg laying amount is different because of kind, and common tens are not waited to hundreds of.
The blanking time that female mosquito is sucked blood for twice is consistent with its ovarian cycle developmental phase, is about 2 days.Just make the development of ovary ripe more than 2 times but also there are indivedual mosquito kind need to suck blood.
Mosquito sucks blood, makes people's sufferings, the harassing and wrecking sleep except that directly stining thorn, and more serious is to propagate multiple disease through sucking blood.The human body diseases that mosquito passes all is biological, no matter its pathogene is protozoon, filaria or virus, all must just can pass to new host through growth and the multiplicative stage in media mosquito body.
The mosquito of China passes disease has four types of malaria, lymph filariosis, Japanese Type-B encephalitis and dengue fever (and dengue hemorrhagic fever).In addition, more important mosquito passes virus disease and also has yellow fever and various equine encephalitis etc., though China does not have these diseases so far, its communication media and weather conditions all exist in China.
It is movable that the adult mosquito ability of circling in the air generally arrives in the hundreds of rice at tens meters, like Culex pipiens pallens, Culex quinquefasciatus, armigeres obturbans etc.The mosquito class that multiply in the rice field, the stream is far away far from the residential area as Anopheles sinensis, its flying distance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus all about 0.5 kilometer, exceedance kilometer seldom.
Because mosquito is very big to the mankind's harm, the human method of driveing and kill always mosquito in searching.Method commonly used at present has:
1) various mosquito-repellent incenses: comprise common mosquito-repellent incense and electric mosquito-repellent incense (dividing solid and liquid again), often adopt powerful that life (left-handed allethrin) and the benefit of finishing to add (SR-EXTHIN) etc., drive or knock down mosquito in its main component of China.
2) aerosol jar insecticide: its main component is used Permanone, decis, resmethrin and tetramethrin etc. always; Also often adopt the composite of pyrethroid and inexpensive organic phosphor, carbamates; And add some synergist, like Octachlorodipropyl Ether etc., drive or knock down mosquito.
3) spraying agent: move in the water preceding 3 periods (ovum, larva, pupa) of multiplying course because of mosquito, so in the breeding place of mosquito (like ponding), or the ground (like shelter, mew) that haunts sprays agent for killing, the procreation course of mosquito capable of blocking.Medicine commonly used has Swebate, fenthion, chlopyrifos, Folithion, phoxim, 50Bti-14 and Bs preparation etc.
But above-mentioned these methods have all adopted chemical agent, and these chemical agents mostly have toxicity, are in such environment for a long time; Diminish health; Unfavorable to baby and pregnant woman especially, and, must strengthen the usage amount and the toxicity of chemical agent again along with the pesticide resistance of mosquito increases.In addition, mosquito-repellent incense and aerosol jar insecticide sphere of action are limited, and spraying agent not only timeliness is limited and bigger to environmental protection influence.
At present, that disclosed attractant technology exists is strong to the specific aim of mosquito, attracting ability is limited, or defective such as its complicated process of preparation.
Like the Chinese patent publication number is that " insect attractant " of CN1106144C discloses a kind of method of luring housefly class, mosquito class or wasp class to ad-hoc location.This method is included in the placement of described position and contains the bait of effectively luring composition; And described composition comprises at least a such compound; This compound molecular weight is 115 to 155, have the substituted benzene derivative of one or more short-side chain, and it has volatility in room temperature.Its method weak point is that the attractability of this method to housefly tested and described to the method that this invention relates in an embodiment to house insect such as housefly class, mosquito class or wasp class, but not strong to mosquito and other sucking blood property insect specific aims.
And for example the Chinese patent publication number is that " utilizing the system of attractant trapping winged insect " of CN1658753A discloses a kind of system that is used to trap winged insect, and it has adopted one or more biochemistry attractants, vision temptation.It preferably will be contained in the custom-designed shell with particular geometric shapes such as the biochemistry attractant of lactic acid, lactate or their combination and use; So that guarantee in long use practice, to have effective rate of release, but this attractant preparation method is complicated.
To the weak point that attractant in the prior art exists, the present invention provides a kind of new attractant that can attract female mosquito strongly through research, and the preparation method of this attractant.The smell that this attractant discharges combines with carbonic acid gas, warm and humid aqueous vapor, but the metabolic product of anthropomorphic dummy and vertebrate, to lure female mosquito and other hematophaguses to catching and killing in the device.In addition, mosquito attractant of the present invention, the preparation method is simple, and employed raw material can not pollute environment, and attractant effect is superior to lactic acid, and discharges steadily.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mosquito attractant.
The object of the invention is realized through following measure:
Mosquito attractant of the present invention is with glycerine, lactic acid and C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid is that feedstock production forms, wherein said glycerine, said lactic acid and said C
10-C
16The proportioning of saturated fatty acid is 1:0.5～2:0.5～1.5.
Wherein, said C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid is selected from a kind of in lauric acid, myristic acid and the palmitic acid.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of said mosquito attractant.
The preparation method of said mosquito attractant may further comprise the steps:
(1) proportioning raw materials: glycerine: lactic acid: C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid=1:0.5～2:0.5～1.5;
(2) esterification: esterification takes place in the raw material after the proportioning under the effect of catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium;
(3) mixture that esterification is obtained carries out vacuum fractionation, discharges moisture;
(4) secondary esterification;
(5) secondary vacuum fractionation.
The consumption of wherein said catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium is 0.5～5.0% of a raw material gross mass.
The reaction temperature of esterification is 120～150 ℃ described in the step (2), and the reaction time is 2.5～3 hours.
The vacuum of said vacuum fractionation is 550～650mmHg, and reaction temperature is 90～120 ℃.
The reaction temperature of secondary esterification is 120～150 ℃ described in the step (4), and the reaction time is 0.5～1 hour.
Research shows that lactic acid has good attractant effect to mosquito; Carbon chain lengths is that saturated fatty acid and the glyceride thereof of 10-16 also has certain attracting action to mosquito; So the present invention is that saturated fatty acid and the glycerine of 10-16 is raw material with lactic acid, carbon chain lengths, esterification, generation saturated fatty acid glyceride, glyceride lactate and dilactic acid take place under the catalytic action of catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium according to a certain ratio; Constantly carry out in order to make esterification; After reaction reaches balance, repeatedly under decompression state, carry out fractionation, moisture is distillated.Reaction is removed catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium after finishing, and products therefrom is mosquito attractant of the present invention, except saturated fatty acid glyceride, glyceride lactate, also has fractional saturation fatty acid, lactic acid, dilactic acid, lactic acid lactone in the product.
The beneficial effect of mosquito attractant of the present invention is: female mosquito is had better targeted and strong epigamic; The smell that this attractant discharges combines with carbonic acid gas, warm and humid aqueous vapor; But the metabolic product of anthropomorphic dummy and vertebrate is to lure female mosquito and other hematophaguses to catching and killing in the device.In addition, the preparation method of said mosquito attractant is simple, and employed raw material can not pollute environment, and attractant effect is superior to lactic acid, and discharges steadily.
Embodiment
Below with embodiment the present invention is made more detailed description.These embodiment only are the descriptions to best mode for carrying out the invention, scope of the present invention are not had any restriction.
Embodiment 1
Glycerine 46g, lactic acid 45g, lauric acid 50g, catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium 3.42g and a small amount of zeolite packed into have in the round-bottomed flask of electronics agitator, thermometer, fractionating device.Under agitation mixture is heated to 120-125 ℃ and carries out esterification through the heated at constant temperature cover; Behind the reaction 3h,, make the interior vacuum of reactor maintain 600mmHg to vacuumizing in the reactor; And keep reactor temperature to be about 95 ℃, distribute up to the still top is anhydrous.Afterwards, reaction system returns to above-mentioned atmospheric pressure state, continues esterification 1h, and once more to vacuumizing in the reactor, vacuum still maintained 600mmHg in the reactor after reaction finished, and reactor temperature is about 95 ℃, distributes up to anhydrous.The gained mixture is cooled to room temperature, obtains white solid, be mosquito attractant of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Glycerine 46g, lactic acid 67.56g, myristic acid 57.1g, catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium 5.1g and a small amount of zeolite packed into have in the round-bottomed flask of electronics agitator, thermometer, fractionating device.Under agitation mixture is heated to 135-140 ℃ and carries out esterification through the heated at constant temperature cover; Behind the reaction 3h,, make the interior vacuum of reactor maintain 600mmHg to vacuumizing in the reactor; And keep reactor temperature to be about 97 ℃, distribute up to the still top is anhydrous.Afterwards, reaction system returns to above-mentioned atmospheric pressure state, continues esterification 1h, and once more to vacuumizing in the reactor, vacuum still maintained 600mmHg in the reactor after reaction finished, and reactor temperature is about 97 ℃, distributes up to anhydrous.The gained mixture is cooled to room temperature, obtains white solid, be mosquito attractant of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Glycerine 48g, lactic acid 24.5g, palmitic acid 70.6g, catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium 3.15g and a small amount of zeolite packed into have in the round-bottomed flask of electronics agitator, thermometer, fractionating device.Under agitation mixture is heated to 135-140 ℃ and carries out esterification through the heated at constant temperature cover; Behind the reaction 2.5h,, make the interior vacuum of reactor maintain 600mmHg to vacuumizing in the reactor; And keep reactor temperature to be about 102 ℃, distribute up to the still top is anhydrous.Afterwards, reaction system returns to above-mentioned atmospheric pressure state, continues esterification 0.5h, and once more to vacuumizing in the reactor, vacuum still maintained 600mmHg in the reactor after reaction finished, and reactor temperature is about 102 ℃, distributes up to anhydrous.The gained mixture is cooled to room temperature, obtains white solid, be mosquito attractant of the present invention.
Embodiment 4
Glycerine 40g, lactic acid 75.6g, lauric acid 23.5g, catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium 3.24g and a small amount of zeolite packed into have in the round-bottomed flask of electronics agitator, thermometer, fractionating device.Under agitation mixture is heated to 125-130 ℃ and carries out esterification through the heated at constant temperature cover; Behind the reaction 3h,, make the interior vacuum of reactor maintain 600mmHg to vacuumizing in the reactor; And keep reactor temperature to be about 100 ℃, distribute up to the still top is anhydrous.Afterwards, reaction system returns to above-mentioned atmospheric pressure state, continues esterification 1h, and once more to vacuumizing in the reactor, vacuum still maintained 600mmHg in the reactor after reaction finished, and reactor temperature is about 100 ℃, distributes up to anhydrous.The gained mixture is cooled to room temperature, obtains white solid, be mosquito attractant of the present invention.
Embodiment 5
Glycerine 40g, lactic acid 79g, myristic acid 58g, catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium 5.31g and a small amount of zeolite packed into have in the round-bottomed flask of electronics agitator, thermometer, fractionating device.Under agitation mixture is heated to 135-140 ℃ and carries out esterification through the heated at constant temperature cover; Behind the reaction 3h,, make the interior vacuum of reactor maintain 650mmHg to vacuumizing in the reactor; And keep reactor temperature to be about 110 ℃, distribute up to the still top is anhydrous.Afterwards, reaction system returns to above-mentioned atmospheric pressure state, continues esterification 1h, and once more to vacuumizing in the reactor, vacuum still maintained 650mmHg in the reactor after reaction finished, and reactor temperature is about 110 ℃, distributes up to anhydrous.The gained mixture is cooled to room temperature, obtains white solid, be mosquito attractant of the present invention.
Test Example
Place: Shanghai Suburb living community
Testing equipment: the ecological mosquito eradication machine of the ecoMission X2 that Shanghai thunder jade-like stone bio tech ltd is produced
Test method:
Adopt the ecological mosquito eradication machine of four ecoMission X2, be numbered 1,2,3 and 4 respectively.Wherein, being numbered and putting into liquid lactic acid in 1 the mosquito eradication machine is attractant, is numbered in 2 the mosquito eradication machine and does not put into any attractant, is numbered the mosquito attractant of putting into the embodiment of the invention 1 gained in 3 and 4 the mosquito eradication machine.
Four mosquito eradication machines are by 1,3,2,4 number order, and being placed on the length of side respectively is the foursquare drift angle of 10m.Every other day, four mosquito eradication machines are rotated a position in the direction of the clock.Experimental period continues 16 days.Every mosquito eradication machine every day to catch the record of mosquito number scale as shown in table 1, every mosquito eradication machine 16 days on average to catch the mosquito number as shown in table 2.
Catch mosquito number (individual/sky) every day of every mosquito eradication machine of table 1
Every mosquito eradication machine of table 2 16 days on average catch mosquito number (individual)
| The mosquito eradication machine numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| On average catch mosquito number/sky | 203 | 28 | 490 | 468 |
Can find out from the test data of table 1: No. 3 and No. 4 mosquito eradication machines placing mosquito attractant of the present invention; In 16 days of test; Except the mosquito number of seizure in the 3rd day, the 11st, 12 day is less relatively is because test wind-force on the same day is bigger, has reduced due to the mosquito eradication machine gas concentration on every side, and the quantity of all the other several days IT mosquitoes is basically all more than 500; Sum is relatively stable, and this shows that mosquito attractant rate of release of the present invention is steady; With liquid lactic acid as No. 1 mosquito eradication machine of attractant begin several days catch the mosquito number about about 200; And along with the carrying out of testing; The sum of catching mosquito every day is in continuous minimizing, shows the liquid lactic acid of using without any processing as attractant, and rate of release is stable inadequately; And do not place any attractant No. 2 mosquito eradication machine every days catch mosquito quantity seldom.
Demonstrate from the test data of table 2: do not add any attractant, merely attract No. 2 mosquito eradication machines of mosquito with carbonic acid gas and moisture, its quantity of catching mosquito obviously is less than 1,3, No. 4 mosquito eradication machine that adds attractant.And be that No. 1 mosquito eradication machine of attractant is caught the mosquito number be less than 3, No. 4 mosquito eradication machines that adopt mosquito attractant of the present invention average every day with the liquid lactic acid, catch the mosquito number its average every day and be merely 3, No. 4 mosquito eradication machines and catch 42.4% of mosquito number.
Therefore, adopt mosquito attractant of the present invention that female mosquito is had better targeted and strong epigamic, attractant effect obviously is superior to lactic acid, and rate of release is steady.
Claims (7)
1. a mosquito attractant is characterized in that, said mosquito attractant is with glycerine, lactic acid and C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid is a raw material, esterification takes place under the catalytic action of catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium be prepared from wherein said glycerine, said lactic acid and said C
10-C
16The proportioning of saturated fatty acid is 1: 0.5～2: 0.5～1.5.
2. mosquito attractant according to claim 1, wherein said C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid is selected from a kind of in lauric acid, myristic acid and the palmitic acid.
3. the preparation method of the said mosquito attractant of claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) proportioning raw materials: glycerine: lactic acid: C
10-C
16Saturated fatty acid=1: 0.5～2: 0.5～1.5;
(2) esterification: esterification takes place in the raw material after the proportioning under the effect of catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium;
(3) mixture that esterification is obtained carries out vacuum fractionation, discharges moisture;
(4) secondary esterification;
(5) secondary vacuum fractionation.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, the consumption of wherein said catalyst sulfuric acid hydrogen sodium is 0.5～5.0% of a raw material gross mass.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the reaction temperature of esterification is 120～150 ℃ described in the step (2), the reaction time is 2.5～3 hours.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, the vacuum of wherein said vacuum fractionation are 550～650mmHg, and reaction temperature is 90～120 ℃.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the reaction temperature of secondary esterification is 120～150 ℃ described in the step (4), the reaction time is 0.5～1 hour.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103141480B (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-03-26 | 云南省林业科学院 | Mikania micrantha neck mirid sex attractant |
| CN105941509A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-21 | 张芳 | Mosquito sustained-release attractant and preparation method thereof |
| WO2018118123A1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-06-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mosquito attractant compositions and method of attracting mosquitoes |
| CN106417389A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-22 | 天津市双马香精香料新技术有限公司 | Essence for trapping mosquitoes and flies |
| CN111202065B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2021-09-10 | 新疆农业大学 | Adult drosophila ziziphus jujuba attractant and application thereof |
| CN108244137B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2021-06-18 | 四季科技(深圳)有限公司 | Mosquito trapping agent |
| CN109329658A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-15 | 张艺超 | A kind of female mosquito liquid feed and preparation method and feeding method |
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| CN1283958A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2001-02-14 | 特拉普姆斯有限公司 | Insect trap |
| CN1658753A (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2005-08-24 | 美国生物物理学公司 | System for trapping flying insects with attractant lures |
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- 2007-03-01 CN CN200710037761A patent/CN101253860B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1283958A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2001-02-14 | 特拉普姆斯有限公司 | Insect trap |
| CN1658753A (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2005-08-24 | 美国生物物理学公司 | System for trapping flying insects with attractant lures |
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| Title |
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| 张洪奎.蚊子的引诱物质.《农药》.1987,(第6期),35-36. * |
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