CN101246661B - 像素电路和显示设备 - Google Patents

像素电路和显示设备 Download PDF

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CN101246661B
CN101246661B CN2008100047962A CN200810004796A CN101246661B CN 101246661 B CN101246661 B CN 101246661B CN 2008100047962 A CN2008100047962 A CN 2008100047962A CN 200810004796 A CN200810004796 A CN 200810004796A CN 101246661 B CN101246661 B CN 101246661B
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三并彻雄
饭田幸人
内野胜秀
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Sony Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供了像素电路和显示设备,其中,该像素电路包括:开关晶体管,其导通受提供给控制终端的驱动信号的控制;驱动配线,用于传送驱动信号;以及数据配线,用于传输数据信号。驱动配线形成在第一配线层上并连接到开关晶体管的控制终端。数据配线形成在第二配线层上并连接到开关晶体管的第一终端。使用多层配线结构,使得在与其上形成第一配线层的层不同的层上形成第二配线层。通过本发明,能够抑制由提供栅极脉冲的配线电阻所引起的暗影和辉纹。

Description

像素电路和显示设备
相关申请的交叉参考
本发明包含于2007年2月14日向日本专利局提交的日本专利申请JP 2007-033509的主题,其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种显示设备,诸如具有以矩阵形式配置的像素电路的有机EL(电致发光)显示器,该显示设备中的每个像素电路都具有其亮度受电流控制的光电元件。更具体地,本发明涉及一种所谓的有源矩阵显示设备,其中,流过光电元件的电流受置于每个像素电路中的绝缘栅场效应晶体管的控制。
背景技术
通过根据将要显示的图像信息来控制每个像素的光强,诸如液晶显示器的图像显示设备显示图像。这对有机EL和其他显示器来说也成立。然而,有机EL显示器是在每个像素电路中都具有发光元件的所谓自发光显示器。这种显示器提供了包括高图像可见度、无需背光和高响应速度的优点。
另外,有机EL显示器与液晶显示器和其他类型显示器的显著不同在于,每个发光元件的亮度都受流过其的电流的控制以提供色阶。即,发光元件受电流控制。
与液晶显示器一样,可以通过单纯或有源矩阵来驱动有机EL显示器。然而,应注意,尽管前者的结构简单,但其具有包括难以实现大尺寸、高清显示的缺点。因此,近年来,有源矩阵显示器得以快速开发。在这种类型的显示器中,流过每个像素电路中的光电元件的电流受到设置在相同像素电路中的有源元件(通常是TFT(薄膜晶体管))的控制。
图1是示出了典型有机EL显示设备的配置的框图。
显示设备1包括具有以m×n矩阵配置的像素电路(PXLC)2a的像素阵列部2。显示设备1还包括水平选择器(HSEL)3、写扫描器(WSCN)4、数据配线DTL1~DTLn和扫描线WSL1~WSLm。数据配线DTL1~DTLn被水平选择器3选择并被施以与亮度信息相当的数据信号。通过写扫描器4选择性驱动扫描线WSL1~WSLm。
应注意,例如,可使用MOSIC来将水平选择器3和写扫描器4形成在多晶硅上或像素周围。
图2是示出了图1中的像素电路2a的配置实例的电路图(例如,参见美国专利5,684,365和日本专利公开第Hei 8-234683号)。
图2中的像素电路2a是所谓的双晶体管驱动电路,在所提出的大量电路配置中,图2中的像素电路2a的配置最简单。
图2中的像素电路2a包括p沟道薄膜场效应晶体管(下文称为“TFT”)11和12、电容器C11、和作为发光元件的有机EL元件(OLED)13。在图2中,DTL和WSL分别表示数据配线和扫描线。
有机EL元件通常具有整流能力。因此,有时也被称为OLED(有机发光二极管)。尽管在图2和其他图中用二极管符号来表示,但在以下说明书中并不要求有机EL元件必须具有整流能力。
在图2中,TFT 11的源极连接到电源电位VCC。发光元件13的负极连接至地电位GND。图2中的像素电路2a以下述方式工作。步骤ST1:
将扫描线WSL置于选定状态(在这种情况下,降低到低电平)。随后,对数据配线DTL施加写电位Vdata。因此,TFT 12导通,从而对电容器C11充电或放电并使TFT 11的栅极电位达到Vdata。步骤ST2:
将扫描线WSL置于未选定状态(在这种情况下,上拉到高电平)。这使数据配线DTL与TFT 11彼此电绝缘。然而,TFT 11的栅极电位由于容器C11而保持恒定。
步骤ST3:
流过TFT 11和发光元件13的电流具有与TFT 11的栅极-源极电压Vgs相当的值。因此,发光元件13以与该电流相当的亮度持续发光。
下文中,用于选择扫描线WSL以及将已提供给数据配线的亮度信息传送到像素电路的操作被称为“写”。
如上所述,一旦写入电位Vdata,则图2中所示的像素电路2a中的发光元件13以恒定亮度持续发光。发光元件13持续这样发光直到电位Vdata被重写。
如上所述,像素电路2a通过改变施加给用作驱动晶体管的TFT11的栅极的电压来控制流过发光元件13的电流值。
此时,p沟道驱动晶体管的源极连接至电源电位VCC。因此,该TFT 11一直在饱和区中工作。因此,TFT 11用作其电流具有以下等式1所示的值的恒流源。
(等式1)
Ids=1/2*μ(W/L)Cox(Vgs-|Vth|)2    ...(1)
这里,μ是载流子迁移率,Cox是每单位面积的栅极电容,W是栅极宽度,L是栅极长度,Vgs是TFT 11的栅极-源极电压,以及Vth是TFT 11的阈值。
具有单纯矩阵图像显示设备,每个发光元件只在被选时瞬间发光。相反,如上所述,具有有源矩阵显示设备,即使在完成写入之后,发光元件仍能够持续发光。因此,与单纯矩阵显示设备相比,有源矩阵显示设备可以提供高峰值亮度和小峰值电流,从而使这种显示设备尤其有利于用在大尺寸、高清晰度显示器中。
图3是示出了有机EL元件的电流对电压(I-V)特性的长期变化的示图。在图3中,实线所示的曲线表示初始状态的特性,而虚线所示的曲线表示长期变化后的特性。
如图3所示,有机EL元件的I-V特性通常随时间劣化。
然而,图2所示的双晶体管驱动电路是由恒定电流驱动的。因此,恒定电流持续流过有机EL元件。这使得即使在有机EL元件的I-V特征劣化的情况下,有机EL元件的发光亮度仍不会长期劣化。
顺便提及,图2中的像素电路2a包括p沟道TFT。然而,如果同一电路2a包括n沟道TFT,则现有的非晶硅(a-Si)工艺可用于制造TFT。这样减少了TFT基板的成本。
接下来将描述基本像素电路,其中,n沟道TFT取代了p沟道TFT。
图4是示出了包括取代了图2所示的p沟道TFT的n沟道TFT的像素电路的电路图。
图4所示的像素电路2b包括n沟道TFT 21和22、电容器C21、和作为发光元件的有机EL元件(OLED)23。在图4中,DTL和WSL分别表示数据配线和扫描线。
在像素电路2b中,TFT 21用作驱动晶体管。TFT 21的漏极连接至电源电位VCC,以及其源极连接至EL元件23的正极,从而形成了源极跟随器电路。
图5是示出了处于初始状态的用作驱动晶体管的TFT 21和EL元件23的工作点的示图。在图5中,沿水平轴绘制TFT 21的漏极-源极电压Vds,并沿垂直轴绘制其漏极-源极电流Ids。
如图5所示,通过用作驱动晶体管的TFT 21和EL元件23的工作点来确定源极电压。该电压随栅极电压而变化。
在饱和区中驱动TFT 21。因此,等式1中所示的电流Ids流过TFT 21。电流Ids与Vgs相关,Vgs与工作点的源极电压相关联。
发明内容
上述像素电路是所有电路中最简单的像素电路。然而,实际上,电路包含了诸如与有机EL元件串联连接以用作驱动晶体管的TFT和用于抵消掉迁移率和阈值的其他TFT的附加组件。
对于这些TFT,通过设置在有源矩阵有机EL显示面板的两侧或一侧上的垂直扫描器来生成栅极脉冲。这个脉冲信号通过配线传输并被施加给以矩阵形式配置的像素电路中的期望TFT。
如果将这个脉冲信号施加给两个或两个以上的TFT,则施加信号的定时很重要。
然而,如图6所示,经由缓冲器40将脉冲信号施加给像素电路2a中的晶体管(TFT)的栅极的驱动配线41通常由Mo(钼)制成。配线电阻r引起脉冲延迟和瞬时改变。这带来时滞,从而产生暗影和辉纹(blanding)。与扫描器的距离越大,通向像素电路2a中的晶体管栅极的配线的电阻越大。
例如,这导致面板的两端之间的迁移率校正周期不同,从而产生亮度差。
另外,由于迁移率校正周期与最佳周期的偏差,使得迁移率校正无法校正某些像素的迁移率的变化,从而在屏幕上产生了可见的条纹。
需要本发明提供一种能够抑制由提供栅极脉冲的配线的电阻产生的暗影和辉纹的像素电路以及使用该像素电路的显示设备。
根据本发明的第一实施例的像素电路包括:至少一个开关晶体管,其导通受提供给控制终端的驱动信号的控制;驱动配线,用于传送驱动信号;以及数据配线,用于传送数据信号。驱动配线形成在第一配线层上并连接至开关晶体管的控制终端。数据配线形成在第二配线层上并连接至开关晶体管的第一终端。使用多层配线结构,以使第二配线层形成在与其上形成有第一配线层的层不同的层上。
优选地,驱动配线层由与数据配线层相同的材料形成。
优选地,驱动配线层由铝Al形成。
根据本发明的第二实施例的显示设备包括以矩阵形式配置的多个像素电路。多个像素电路中的每个均包括:至少一个开关晶体管,其导通受提供给控制终端的驱动信号的控制;驱动配线,用于传送驱动信号;数据配线,用于传送数据信号;以及光电元件,其亮度随着电流的流动而变化。该显示设备还包括用于将驱动信号输出到驱动配线上的第一扫描器和用于将数据信号输出到数据配线的第二扫描器。驱动配线形成在第一配线层上。驱动配线连接至开关晶体管的控制终端和第一扫描器。数据配线层形成在第二配线层上。数据配线层连接至开关晶体管的第一终端和第二扫描器。使用多层配线结构,以使第二配线层形成在与其上形成有第一配线层的层不同的层上。
优选地,以与数据配线层相同的材料形成驱动配线层。
优选地,使用铝Al形成驱动配线层。
根据本实施例,像素电路包括至少一个开关晶体管、驱动配线和数据配线。像素电路具有多层配线结构,以使驱动配线形成在第一配线层上以及数据配线形成在第二配线层上。
本实施例可抑制由于提供栅极脉冲的配线的电阻而产生的暗影和辉纹。
附图说明
图1是示出了典型有机EL显示设备的配置的框图;
图2是示出了图1所示的像素电路的配置实例的电路图;
图3是示出了有机EL元件的电流对电压(I-V)特性的长期劣化的示图;
图4是示出了包括取代图2所示的p沟道TFT的n沟道TFT的像素电路的电路图;
图5是示出了处于初始状态的用作驱动晶体管的TFT 21和EL元件23的工作点的示图;
图6是用于描述配线电阻带来的缺点的示图;
图7是示出了使用根据本发明实施例的像素电路的有机EL显示设备的配置的框图;
图8是示出了根据本实施例的像素电路的具体配置的电路图;
图9是用于描述对暗影和辉纹进行消除的第一实例的示图;
图10A和图10B是用于描述配线图样所引起的短路的示图;
图11是示出了使用多层配线结构的配置实例的示图;以及
图12A~图12F是用于描述本实施例的操作的时序图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图描述本发明的实施例。
图7是示出了使用根据本发明实施例的像素电路的有机EL显示设备的配置的框图。
图8是示出了根据本实施例的像素电路的具体配置的电路图。
显示设备100包括具有以m×n矩阵配置的像素电路101的像素阵列部102。显示设备100还包括水平选择器(HSEL)103、写扫描器(WSCN)104、驱动扫描器(DSCN)105、以及第一和第二自动调零电路(AZRD1)106和(AZRD2)107。显示设备100还包括数据配线DTL、扫描线WSL和驱动线DSL。数据配线DTL由水平选择器103选择并提供有与亮度信息相当的数据信号。扫描线WSL由写扫描器104选择和驱动并用作第一驱动配线。驱动线DSL由驱动扫描器105选择和驱动并用作第二驱动配线。显示设备100还包括第一和第二自动调零线AZL1和AZL2。第一和第二自动调零线AZL1和AZL2分别由第一和第二自动调零电路(AZRD1)106和(AZRD2)107选择和驱动。
根据本实施例的像素电路101包括p沟道TFT 111、n沟道TFT112~115、电容器C111、包括有机EL元件(OLED:光电元件)的发光元件116、以及第一和第二节点ND111和ND112。
第一开关晶体管由TFT 114形成,第二开关晶体管由TFT 113形成,第三开关晶体管由TFT 115形成,以及第四开关晶体管由TFT111形成。
应注意,电源电压VCC(电源电位)的电源线对应于第一基准电位,以及地电位GND对应于第二基准电位。另外,VSS1对应于第四基准电位,以及VSS2对应于第三基准电位。
在像素电路101中,用作驱动晶体管的TFT 111和TFT 112、第一节点ND111、以及发光元件(OLED)116串联连接在第一基准电位(本实施例中的电源电位VCC)与第二基准电位(本实施例中的地电位GND)之间。更具体地,发光元件116的负极连接至地电位GND,以及发光元件116的正极连接至第一节点ND111。TFT112的源极连接至第一节点ND111。TFT 111的漏极连接至TFT 112的漏极,以及TFT 111的源极连接至电源电位VCC。
TFT 112的栅极连接至第二节点ND112。TFT 111的栅极连接至驱动线DSL。
TFT 113的漏极连接至第一节点111和C111的第一电极。TFT113的源极连接至固定电位VSS2,以及TFT 113的栅极连接至第二自动调零线AZL2。电容器C111的第二电极连接至第二节点ND112。
TFT 114的源极和漏极连接在数据配线DTL与第二节点ND112之间。TFT 114的栅极连接至扫描线WSL。
另外,TFT 115的源极和漏极连接在第二节点ND112与预定电位VSS1之间。TFT 115的栅极连接至第一自动调零线AZL1。
如上所述,在根据本实施例的像素电路101中,电容器C111作为像素电容连接在用作驱动晶体管的TFT 112的栅极和源极之间。TFT 112的源极电位经由在不发光期间用作开关晶体管的TFT113连接至固定电位。另外,将TFT 112的栅极和漏极连接在一起,从而能够对阈值Vth进行校正。
在根据本实施例的显示设备100中,电阻低于钼的电阻的材料用作从垂直扫描器的末级(输出级)引向像素电路101中的TFT(晶体管)的栅极的栅极配线。钼通常用于此目的。这防止了由于将驱动脉冲提供给像素电路101中的TFT栅极的配线电阻带来的脉冲延迟所产生的暗影和辉纹。
至少将这种对暗影和辉纹的消除应用于配线(即,扫描线WSL、驱动线DSL以及第一和第二自动调零线AZL1和AZL2)中的扫描线WSL。
以下将描述消除的第一实例。在本说明书中,示出了将消除应用于扫描线WSL的情况。
图9是用于描述对暗影和辉纹进行消除的实例的示图。
在图9中,1041表示写扫描器104的末级(输出级)缓冲器。该缓冲器被形成作为用于PMOS和NMOS晶体管PT1和NT1的CMOS缓冲器。另外,用作像素电路101的开关晶体管的TFT 114的栅极连接至写扫描器104的末级。扫描线WSL的驱动配线200具有电阻r’。
在本实例中,铝用于扫描线WSL(驱动配线200)和数据配线DTL。由铝制成的扫描线WSL的配线电阻r’低于由钼制成的扫描线WSL的电阻r。电阻r’约为电阻r的十分之一。
如上所述,在本消除实例中,铝用于扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL,从而抑制了脉冲信号延迟和瞬时变化。
顺便,通常,钼用于扫描线WSL,以及铝用于数据配线DTL。在半导体基板上布置这些配线和像素电路101。然而,与本实例相同,将相同的材料(即,铝)用于扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL会导致在扫描线WSL与数据配线DTL的交叉点处产生短路。
参照图1A和图10B描述配线中的这种短路。
图10A和图10B是用于描述由配线模式产生的短路的示图。
图10A示出了当将钼用于扫描线WSL(驱动配线200)以及将铝用于数据配线DTL时TFT 114(参照图9)的栅极部114a周围的结构。另外,图10B示出了当将铝用于扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL时TFT 114的栅极部114a周围的结构。在图10A和图10B中,201表示Al/Mo(铝/钼)触点,以及202表示Al/Poly(铝/多晶硅)触点。
如图10A所示,扫描线WSL由钼形成,以及数据配线DTL由铝形成。因此,在扫描线WSL与数据配线DTL的交叉点处不会出现短路。然而,如图10B所示,如果扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL都由铝形成,则在二者的交叉点处出现短路。
为了避免在扫描线WSL与数据配线DTL的交叉点处出现短路,本实例对扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL采用多层配线结构。
以下将参照图11描述这种多层配线结构。
图11是示出了使用多层配线结构的配置实例的示图。
如图11所示,使用诸如TiAl的材料将数据配线DTL提到新层301。因此,在这种配置中,水平高于其上设有扫描线WSL(驱动配线200)的第一配线层的第二配线层上设置新层301。另外,在这种配置中,在新层301上设置Al/Al(新层)触点302。经由触点302将新层301连接至TFT 114的第一终端。另外,在这种配置中,扫描线WSL连接至TFT 114的栅极部114a。在本消除实例中,数据配线DTL使用新层301来传输数据信号,以及驱动配线传输驱动信号。
应注意,扫描线WSL与新层301由相同的材料(即,铝)制成。在这种情况下,可以使用典型的TFT工艺。
如上所述,即使扫描线WSL和数据配线DTL都由铝制成,多层配线结构仍能够避免由于配线交叉所引起的短路。
接下来将参照图12A~图12F来描述上述配置的操作,重点在于像素电路的操作。
图12A示出了施加给驱动线DSL的驱动信号DS,图12B示出了施加给扫描线WSL的驱动信号WS,图12C示出了施加给第一自动调零线AZL1的驱动信号AZ1,图12D示出了施加给第二自动调零线AZL2的驱动信号AZ2,图12E示出了第二节点ND112的电位,以及图12F示出了第一节点ND111的电位。
使通过驱动扫描器105施加给驱动线DSL的驱动信号保持高电平。使通过写扫描器104施加给扫描线WSL的驱动信号WS保持低电平。使通过第一自动调零电路106施加给第一自动调零线AZL1的驱动信号AZ1保持低电平。使通过第二自动调零电路107施加给第二自动调零线AZL2的驱动信号AZ2保持高电平。
因此,TFT 113导通,从而使电流流过TFT 113。这使TFT 112的源极电位Vs(节点ND111的电位)下降到VSS2。因此,施加给发光元件116的电压变为零,从而使同一元件116停止发光。
在这种情况下,即使TFT 114导通,电容器C111保持的电压(即,TFT 112的栅极电压)保持不变。
接下来,在EL发光元件116的不发光周期期间,将施加给第一自动调零线AZL1的驱动信号AZ1提升到高电平,而使施加给第二自动调零线AZL2的驱动信号AZ2保持高电平。这使第二节点ND112的电位降低到VSS1。
随后,在将施加给第二自动调零线AZL2的驱动信号AZ2切换回低电平后,仅在预定时期内将通过驱动扫描器105施加给驱动线DSL的驱动信号DS切换回到低电平。
这使TFT 113截止,而使TFT 115和112导通。因此,电流流过TFT 112和111,从而提升了第一节点ND111的电位。
随后,将通过驱动扫描器105施加给驱动线DSL的驱动信号DS切换到高电平,并将驱动信号AZ1切换到低电平。
因此,校正了晶体管TFT 112的阈值Vth,从而使第二和第一节点ND112和ND111之间的电位差变为Vth。
在预定时期内保持这个状态,此后使通过写扫描器104施加给扫描线WSL的驱动信号WS保持高电平。将数据从数据配线DTL写入节点ND112。当驱动信号WS处于高电平时,将通过驱动扫描器105施加给驱动线DSL的驱动信号DS切换到低电平。随后,不久就将驱动信号WS切换到低电平。
此时,TFT 112导通而TFT 114截至,从而能够校正迁移率。
在这种情况下,TFT 114截至。TFT 112的栅极-源极电压恒定。因此,恒定电流Ids从TFT 112流入EL发光元件116。这使得第一节点ND111的电位在电流Ids流过EL发光元件116时被提升到电压Vx,从而使发光元件116发光。
此外,在该电路中,如果EL元件的发光时间很长,则EL元件的电流对电压(I-V)特性发生变化。这还引起第一节点ND111的电位发生变化。然而,TFT 112的栅极-源极电压Vgs保持恒定。因此,流过EL发光元件116的电流保持不变。因此,即使发光元件116的I-V特性劣化,恒定电流Ids仍持续流动。因此,发光元件116的亮度保持不变。
当像素电路具有扫描线(驱动配线)和数据配线(新层)与本消除实例的情况相同都是由铝形成的多层配线结构时,对整个面板进行消除,从而防止由于配线电阻引起的驱动信号(脉冲)延迟所产生的暗影和辉纹。这确保了具有最小暗影和辉纹的高质量图像。
接下来将描述消除的第二实例。在本实例中,与第一实例一样使用了多层配线结构。扫描线WSL(驱动配线200)由Ag(银)形成,以及数据配线DTL由铝形成。
由银制成的扫描线WSL的配线电阻r”低于由钼制成的扫描线WSL的电阻r。这抑制了脉冲信号延迟和瞬时变化,从而提供了与第一消除实例相同的效果。
另外,当与在第一和第二实例中一样使用多层配线结构时以及当电阻低于铝的材料用于新层301时,本实施例提供与第一和第二消除实例相同的效果。例如,银用于新层301。
这确保了配线电阻对信号传送产生很小的影响,从而提供了具有最小暗影和辉纹的高质量图像。
本领域的技术人员应该理解,根据设计要求和其他因素,可以有多种修改、组合、再组合和改进,均应包含在本发明的权利要求或等同物的范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种有机电致发光像素电路,包括:
开关晶体管,其导通受提供给控制终端的驱动信号的控制;
驱动晶体管,其栅极连接至所述开关晶体管的第二终端;
驱动配线,用于传送所述驱动信号;
数据配线,用于传送数据信号;以及
光电元件,其亮度随着电流流动的变化而变化,其中,
所述驱动配线形成在第一配线层上并连接至所述开关晶体管的所述控制终端,
所述数据配线形成在第二配线层上并连接至所述开关晶体管的第一终端,以及
使用多层配线结构,以使所述第二配线层形成在与其上形成有所述第一配线层的层不同的层上,以避免所述驱动配线和所述数据配线的交叉点处出现短路,在所述光电元件的发光期间所述驱动晶体管的栅源电压保持恒定,且流过所述光电元件的电流保持不变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的像素电路,其中,
所述驱动配线层由与所述数据配线层相同的材料形成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的像素电路,其中,
所述驱动配线层由铝Al形成。
4.一种有机电致发光显示设备,包括:
以矩阵形式配置的多个像素电路;
第一扫描器,用于将驱动信号输出到驱动配线上;以及
第二扫描器,用于将数据信号输出到数据配线上,所述多个像素电路中的每个均包括:
开关晶体管,其导通受提供给控制终端的所述驱动信号的控制,
驱动晶体管,其栅极连接至所述开关晶体管的第二终端,
驱动配线,用于传送所述驱动信号,
数据配线,用于传送所述数据信号,以及
光电元件,其亮度随着电流流动的变化而变化,其中,
所述驱动配线形成在第一配线层上并连接至所述开关晶体管的所述控制终端和所述第一扫描器,
所述数据配线层形成在第二配线层上并连接至所述开关晶体管的第一终端和所述第二扫描器,以及
使用多层配线结构,以使所述第二配线层形成在与其上形成有所述第一配线层的层不同的层上,以避免所述驱动配线和所述数据配线的交叉点处出现短路,在所述光电元件的发光期间,所述驱动晶体管的栅源电压保持恒定,且流过所述光电元件的电流保持不变。
5.根据权利要求4所述的显示设备,其中,
所述驱动配线由与所述数据配线层相同的材料形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的显示设备,其中,
所述驱动配线层由铝Al形成。
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