CN101242515B - 多媒体节目书签系统和方法 - Google Patents

多媒体节目书签系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101242515B
CN101242515B CN2008100815721A CN200810081572A CN101242515B CN 101242515 B CN101242515 B CN 101242515B CN 2008100815721 A CN2008100815721 A CN 2008100815721A CN 200810081572 A CN200810081572 A CN 200810081572A CN 101242515 B CN101242515 B CN 101242515B
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program
user
remote controller
storage device
module
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CN101242515A (zh
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D·A·布朗
H·D·卢克
R·P·瓦洛内
K·鲁宾逊
A·西德曼
K·比达德
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Tivo Solutions Inc
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Tivo Inc
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Abstract

一种检测编码遥控装置的方法和装置。该方法包含:从遥控器接收一信号;经遥控器面板上的编码芯片识别所述遥控器;为与所述遥控器相关的喜好搜索存储装置上的喜好;以及启动所述相关喜好的节目书签。用户在任何时候都能访问一节目书签并从该书签继续观看相关节目。

Description

多媒体节目书签系统和方法
本申请是申请日为2000年3月30日、申请号为“00808228.6”、发明名称为“多媒体节目书签系统”的发明专利申请的方案申请。
                    相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求1999年3月30日提交的美国临时申请No.60/127,178的权益。
                        技术领域
本发明涉及计算机环境中多媒体节目内容的控制。更具体地说,本发明涉及计算机环境中对储存节目内容的用户书签的记录与储存。
                        背景技术
多媒体装置在目前极为受到消费者的青睐,这些多媒体装置包含VCRs、DVD播放器、MP3播放器、盒带播放装置、CD播放器、录像带编辑器及个人视频录放器(PVR)等,全美几乎每一家庭中均有至少一项此类装置。
多媒体装置一般被设计成线性装置,这意味着节目内容可被看作一个长的片段,即便节目媒体上存在多个不同节目、不同歌曲等。举例而言,盒带或VCR带在单个媒体上可以有多个歌曲或节目。
CDs、DVDs及MP3播放器等数字系统均具有在其媒体中跳到其中一首歌或节目索引的附加能力。
典型的多媒体均能让用户停在媒体中的某一点上,并在启动时便返回到该特定点。然而,这些装置的的缺点是用户无法收看或聆听媒体中多首歌曲多个节目以及在他停止播放之处放置书签的能力,它们只提供返回到媒体中单个点的能力。
诸如VCRs等的简单系统属于机械式的,当用户关闭该装置时简单地停在其带中的一特定点上,用户再给机器通电便可继续播放磁带。
因此,提供一种能让用户保存并检索几个声频和/或视频节目的书签的多媒体节目书签系统是有利的。提供一种能让多个用户在同一装置上保存并检索其自己个人书签的系统是进一步有利的。
                        发明内容
本发明提出一种多媒体节目加书签的系统,该系统能让用户保存并检索单个装置上的多个声频和/或视频节目的标签。此外,本发明还提供一种能让多个用户在同一装置上保存并检索其自己个人节目书签的系统。
本发明的一个较价实施例提供一种标签功能,允许用户在其离开的地方对节目加书签。本发明记录对用户停止之处的节目的帧,只要用户命令系统这么做。另外,如果用户退出观看某节目,本发明能为用户自动地对节目加书签。本发明中显示一指示器,指示书签已被保存,用户在任何时候能够访问其书签并从其离开该节目之处起继续回放该节目。
可针对不同用户分别设定单一节目中的各标签,可针对家庭中的某个特定用户对遥控器编码,这允许家庭中每一成员有其个人遥控器及其个人书签。本发明注明一组书签属于一特定编码遥控器。用户可通过菜单以手控方式选择特定一组书签。
系统载入用户的相关书签信息,不具有存储于储存装置中相关节目的任何书签都被忽略及删除,如果存在节目本发明从相关书签处开始回放节目。
节目的多个书签对于用户而言均是透明的,因为用户所用的遥控器告诉系统只显示并启动该特定用户的书签。
本发明的方面及优点可由下述详细说明并配合图示说明而更加明显,这些原理描述仅为了说明,而非用以限定本发明的范围。
                            附图说明
图1为本发明一较佳实施例的高级方框示意图;
图2为利用本发明的多重输入与输出模块的较佳实施例的方框示意图;
图3为本发明活动图像专家组标准(MPEG)数据流及其视频及声频成份的示意图;
图4为本发明的包含在媒体切换器(Media Switch)中的语法分析程序及四个直接存储器存取(DMA)输入引擎的方框示意图;
图5为本发明的包格式化基本流(PES)缓冲器的各部分的示意图;
图6为媒体切换器输出循环型缓冲器中的经解析部分所得的PES缓冲器构成的示意图;
图7为本发明的媒体切换器及与其通信的各个部分的方框示意图;
图8为本发明的程序逻辑的高级方框示意图;
图9为本发明的程序逻辑的类别阶层分布方框示意图;
图10为本发明的裁剪高速缓存元件的较佳实施例的方框示意图;
图11为仿效本发明广播工作室视频混合器的较佳实施例的方框图;
图12为本发明的密闭字幕语法分析程序的方框示意图;
图13为本发明的一较佳实施例的高级方框示意图,利用VCR作为本发明的集成元件;
图14为本发明的摇控器图;
图15为本发明的一较佳实施例的高级方框示意图,表明本发明观众接口模块交互作用;
图16为本发明的中央菜单屏幕的示意图;
图17为本发明的节目表单屏幕的示意图;
图18为本发明的详细节目信息屏幕的示意图;
图19为本发明的详细节目信息屏幕的示意图;
图20a为本发明的显示在节目内容上的小型标题的示意图;
图20b为本发明的显示在节目内容上的中型标题的示意图;
图20c为本发明的显示在节目内容上的详细标题的示意图;
图21为本发明的建议收看节目列表屏幕的示意图;
图22为本发明的网路列表屏幕的示意图;
图23为本发明的节目主题列表屏幕的示意图;
图24为本发明的todo列表屏幕的示意图;
图25为本发明的冲突警告屏幕的示意图;
图26为本发明的覆盖在节目材料上的特技播放时间棒的示意图;
图27为本发明的特技播放时间棒及其相关元件的示意图;
图28为本发明的两列多媒体调度屏幕的示意图;
图29为本发明的两列基于主题调度屏幕的示意图;
图30为本发明的两列基于主题调度屏幕的示意图;
图31为本发明的两列基于主题调度屏幕的示意图;
图32为本发明的两列节目调度屏幕的示意图;
图33为本发明的两列节目调度屏幕的示意图,表明本发明的节目持续时间指示器。
                        具体实施方式
本发明具体提出一种计算机环境中的多媒体节目加书签系统。本发明的系统允许用户把几个声频和/或视频节目的书签保存在单个装置上并检索。另外,本发明提供一种允许多个用户将其自己个人专用的节目书签保存在同一装置上并检索。
本发明的一个较佳实施例提供一种书签功能,允许用户在他离开的地方对节目加上一书签。书签是为用户保存和检索的。本发明还允许不同的用户用一组组书签保存单个节目内的书签,这一组组书签与用户的编码遥控器或者以手控方式作访问相连续。本发明从相关书签(如果它们存在的话)起开始播放节目。
请参阅图1,该图所示为本发明的较佳实施例,其中包含一输入模块101、媒体切换器102及一输出模块103。其中,输入模块101用以接收电视(TV)输入流,这些数据流可为多种形式,如NTSC(National Television StandardsCommittee)或PAL广播;也可为数字形式,如DSS(Digital Satellite System)、DBS(Digital Broadcast Services)或ATSC(Advanced Television StandardsCommittee),其中DBS、DSS及ATSC基于活动图像专家组2(MPEG2)及MPEG2Transport标准,其中MPEG2 Transport标准为格式化由电视信源发送器所得的数字数据流的标准,使得电视接收器能打散输入流而在复用信号中找到节目内容。输入模块101能形成MPEG数据流。MPEG2传输复用器支援同一广播通道中馈送多个节目,其中包含多种视频、声频及私人数据。输入模块101将通道调谐到一特定节目,从中取出一特定MPEG节目,并将其送至系统的其它部分。利用分别的视频及声频编码器将模拟电视频号编码成类似MPEG的格式,因此系统的其它部分并不知信号是如何取得的。信息可以多种标准方式调制到模拟电视频号的垂直消隐时间(VBI)中,例如可以NABTS(North AmericanBroadcast Teletext Standard)方式将信息调制在NTSC信号的线10至线20中,而FCC要求使用线21作为封闭标题(Closed Caption,CC)及扩展数据服务(Extended data Services,EDS)。这些信号通过输入模块解码后再传送至其它部分,如同这些信号通过MPEG2私人数据通道传送一样。
媒体切换器102位于微处理器CPU106、硬盘或储存装置105及存储器104之间,输入流在转换成MPEG流之后即送进媒体切换器102中,媒体切换器102再将该MPEG流送进存储器中。接着,若用户正在实时看电视,媒体切换器102执行两项操作:将MPEG流送到输出模块103,并同时将其写进硬盘或储存装置105中。
输出模块103以MPEG流为输入信号,并依NTSC、PAL或其它所需的电视标准形成一模拟电视频号。输出模块103包含MPEG解码器、屏幕上显示(On-Screen Display(OSD))发生器、模拟电视编码器及声频逻辑。其中,OSD发生器能使程序逻辑提供一图像,该图像将重叠在最后所得模拟电视频号的顶部上。此外,输出模块可以多种标准格式将程序逻辑所提供的信息调制到输出信号的VBI上,其中这些标准格式包含NABTS、CC及EDS。
请参阅图2,由图中可知,本发明可轻易扩展成具有多个输入模块(调谐器)201,202,203,204,其中各输入可调写为不同类型输入。同样地,多个输出模块(解码器)206,207,208,209也同样可加入其中。用多个解码器可以实现屏幕画面的特殊效果,如图像中加入一图像。用户在收看另一节目时媒体切换器205可记录一节目,即在另一信息流正被存入硬盘中时可从硬盘取出一信息流。
请参阅图3,图中进入的MPEG流301已经交织了视频302,305,306及视频303,304,307部分,这些元素必须被分开再重组方能得到相互分离的视频308及声频309流或缓冲部分。以上步骤是必要的,因为分别的解码器会将MPEG的各元素转换回声频或视频模拟分量。这种分别传输需要产生时间序列信息,以使解码器得适当同步进行信号的正确回放。
媒体切换器驱使程序逻辑对适当时间序列信息与每一视频或声频区段产生关联,可能将它直接嵌入到数据流中。上述每一视频或声频区段的时间序列被称作一时间印记,这些时间印记单调地增大并在每一次系统启动时从零开始。这允许本发明在任何特定的视频区段中找到任何特定点。举例而言,若系统需要将五秒钟的内容读进正被高速缓存的进入连续视频流中,那么系统只需简单地向前读进该流中并寻找适当的时间印记。
在储存的文件上可以进行二进制搜索,以对信息流索引。每一信息流作为一系列固定大小的区段而存储,由于时间印记均匀分布而能进行快速二进制搜索。若用户欲从节目中间部分开始,那么系统就会对储存的各区段加以二进制搜索,直到其发现适当点为止,能以最少量信息得到所需结果。若信号被存作MPEG流,那么所需位置的寻找必须从其开始处起对该MPEG流进行线性语法分析。
请参阅图4。图中显示媒体切换器包含四个输入直接存储器存取(DMA)引擎402,403,404,405,而每个DMA引擎均有其相关缓冲器410,411,412,413。就概念上说来,每一DMA引擎均有一指针406、该指针的限度407、下一指针408及下一指针的限度409,且每一DMA引擎专用以处理某一种特定信息,如可处理视频402、声频403及经语法分析后的事件405。缓冲器410,411,412,413是循环型的,并用以收集这些特定信息。DMA引擎将指针406增至其相对的缓冲器,直至其值达到限度407。然后,DMA引擎再载入下一指针408及其限度409。当指针406及下一指针408设定成相同值以及其相应的限度值时,就产生一个循环型缓冲器。此外,下一指针408可设定成一不同地址,以提供向量DMA。
输入流先流进一语法分析程序401,语法分析器401对其进行语法分析,寻找MPEG区分事件,指示视频、声频或私人数据区段的开始。举例而言,当语法分析程序401找到一视频事件,将输入流传送到视频DMA引擎402。语法分析程序401对数据和DMA进行向上缓冲,通过视频DNA引擎402至视频缓冲器410。在此同时,语法分析程序401将一事件送至事件DMA引擎405,后者产生一事件到事件缓冲器413中。当语法分析程序401看见一声频事件,便将此字节流送至声频DMA引擎403,并产生一事件送到其事件缓冲器413中。同样地,当语法分析程序401看见一私人数据事件时,便将字节流送至私人数据DMA引擎404,并将一事件送至其事件缓冲器413中。当事件位于事件缓冲器内时,媒体切换器系利用中断机制告知程序逻辑。
请参阅图4及图5。语法分析程序401对事件缓冲器413填以诸事件,其中事件缓冲器中的每一事件501有一偏移量502、事件类型503及时间印记字段504。当每一事件位于缓冲器中时,语法分析程序401提供其类型和偏移量。举例而言,当一声频事件发生时,事件类型字段被设定成一声频事件,而偏移量则指示该事件在声频缓冲器411中的位置。程序逻辑本身了解声频缓冲器411在哪里开始并增加该偏移量以在该流中寻找该事件。地址偏移量502能告知程序逻辑下一事件将在何处发生,但不会告知该下一事件终结之处。前一事件已被高速缓存,所以当前事件的结尾处及该事件区段的长度能够被找到。
请参阅图5及图6。当程序逻辑被媒体切换器601中断时,该程序逻辑读取事件缓冲器602中累积的事件。从这些事件,程序逻辑产生成一系列逻辑区段603,这些逻辑区段603对应于经分析的MPEG区段615。程序逻辑将偏移量502转变成每一区段的真实地址610,并利用最后高速缓存的事件来记录事件长度609。若信息流是通过对模拟信号编码产生,那么该信息流不包含节目时间印记(PTS)值,但该印记值被解码器用以适当呈现出最后输出。因此,程序逻辑利用所产生的时间印记504而计算每一区段的模拟PTS结果,并将该结果置入逻辑区段时间印记607中。若信息流为数字电视流时,那么PTS值已经编码在该信息流中,程序逻辑会取出这些PTS信息,并将其置入逻辑区段时间印记607中。
程序逻辑不断收集逻辑区段603,直至达到固定的缓冲大小为止。当达到该缓冲大小时,程序逻辑产生一新缓冲器(称为封包化基本流(PES)605)缓冲区,依次包含这些逻辑区段603及补充控制信息。每一逻辑区段604直接指向循环型缓冲区(如视频缓冲区613),由媒体切换器601所填充。接着,该新缓冲区被送至其它逻辑部分,并继续以某种方式处理缓冲区中的信息流,如对其解码或将之写入储存媒体当中。因此,处理器并未将MPEG数据从存储器的一位置复制至另一位置上,故所需存储器带宽及处理器带宽较低,此项设计的成本也较低。
此外,MPEG流送进PES缓冲区的一个独特特性是,与逻辑区段相关的数据本身并不需出现在缓冲器中,即如前所述。当PES缓冲区被写进储存装置时,逻辑区段即以其出现的逻辑顺序写入储存媒体当中。这具有将信息流各部分聚集至该储存媒体中数据流的单个线性缓冲区中的效果,不论该信息流部分是在视频、声频或私人数据循环型缓冲区中。当该缓冲区从储存媒体中读回时,所需传输仅为一次;而逻辑区段信息则被更新,与在缓冲器606中的位置相对应。较高级的程序逻辑并不知这一变换,因为其只处理逻辑区段,因此轻易处理数据流,无需CPU将DRAM中的数据复制至另一位置。
媒体切换器的一个独特方面是能以有效且节省成本的方式处理高速数据流。媒体切换器所执行的工作包含带入视频及声频数据、送出视频及声频数据、将视频及声频数据送至盘片中、并在低价平台上从盘片中取出视频及声频数据。一般说来,媒体切换器与微处理器CPU以互为非同步及独立的方式运作,利用其DMA能力而在CPU介入最少的情况下移动大量信息。
请参阅图7。由图可知,媒体切换器701的输入侧与一MPEG编码器703相接。此外,还有MPEG声频704及VBI数据702专用电路馈送到媒体切换器701中。若数字电视频号被处理时,那么MPEG编码器703被MPEG2传输分用器代替,而MPEG声频编码器704及VBI解码器702则被删除,分用器通过视频输入媒体切换器对取出的声频、视频及私人数据通道流进行复用。
语法分析程序705对MPEG编码器703、声频编码器704及VBI解码器702进入的数据流加以解析;在数字电视流的情况中,解析之对象则为传输分用器输出的数据流。语法解析器705能检测试频或声频流中的所有重要事件的开始、所有帧的起始处、序列表头的开始处及所有程序逻辑所需得知的信息的所有片段,有关适当进行播放及对信息流加以特殊效果的工作,如快进、后转、播放、暂停、快速/慢速播放、寻找及快速/慢速逆向播放。
在语法分析程序705识别出信息为视频、声频区段或是私人数据时,会将标签707置于先进先出(FIFO)装置706中;DMA709能控制这些标签的取出时间;该标签707及该区段的DMA地址被置入事件队列708中。各种帧类型与相关循环型缓冲器(该信息所置放之处)被置入事件队列708中,其中帧类型信息可为视频I-帧、视频B-帧、视频P-帧、视频PES、声频PES、序列表头、声频帧或私人数据包的开始。在被送至DRAM后,中央处理单元(CPU)713中的程序逻辑对循环型缓冲器中的事件加以检查。
媒体切换器701通过数据总线711与CPU713及DRAM714相接。此外,地址总线712为媒体切换器701、CPU713及DRAM714共用。硬盘或储存装置710与媒体切换器701的端口之一相接。媒体憋换器701将信息流输出至MPEG视频解码器715及分别的声频解码器717。声频解码器717信号中包含系统产生的声频,即系统在响应于用户遥控器或其它部事件时所产生的声频。MPEG解码器输出的经解码声频以数字方式与分别的声频信号相混合718,所得的信号包含视频、声频及屏幕上显示的,被送至电视716。
在媒体切换器701接收8位数据、并将该数据送至盘片,与次同时另一数据流则从盘片中取出,并被送至MPEG解码器715。上述所有DMA引擎均可同时使用。媒体切换器701可利用现场可程序门阵列(FPGA)、ASIC或离散式逻辑以硬件形式实施。
不是必须对大量数据流进行语法分析以寻找每一帧的开始处,程序逻辑只需查看DRAM 714中的循环型事件缓冲器,每一帧的起点及类型均可得知。这种方法节省大量CPU功率、对CPU713的实时需求较小、CPU713在任何时间上速度都不需非常快、且媒体切换器701给予CPU713尽可能宽裕的时间以完成任务。语法分析机构705及事件队列708的存在使CPU713不需对声频、视频、缓冲器及数据流的实时特性进行语法分析,故得以降低成本。此外,这允许CPU环境中使用总线结构,以比所需速度可能低得多的时钟速率与便宜得多的存储器一起工作。
CPU713具有使一次DMA传输排队的能力并能够在其空闲时准备下一次DMA传输。这给CPU713大量的时间间隔,其间它能够服务于DMA控制器709。CPU713对DMA中断的回应可在较大的时间窗口中为之,因为其可服务较多的潜在DMA要求。取自MPEG2 Transport或对模拟电视频号编码而来的MPEG流通常以一种称为可变比特率(VBR)编码方式编码。这种编码方式能改变用以呈现一序列图像的数据量,改变的方式是利用该图像间之移动量的原理。这种编码方式大大降低信号的所需带宽,不过快速移动的图像序列(如棒求赛)在编码时可能需要较大的带宽。举例而言,Hughes Direc TV卫星系统对所有信号加以1至10Mb/S的带宽,且此带宽随各帧而不同。此时,所有的计算机系统不用这种结构难以跟上此快速变动的数据速率。
请参阅图8。CPU中的程序逻辑有三种概念部分,源部分801、转换部分802及信宿部分803。其中,源部分801用以形成数据之缓冲,转换部分802用以处理缓冲数据,而信宿部分803用以使用缓冲数据。转换部分的工作在于对其上的数据重排及排列,其中缓冲区被重排成对数据源为″空″之格式,这使得缓冲区回到″满″状态。接着,缓冲区排队等候,并以″满″的状态送予信宿部分。
源部分801用以接收编码器(如一数字卫星接收器)输出的数据,其需要缓冲器容纳下游转换部分的数据、将该数据封装到一缓冲器中、接着以前述方式沿管线推动缓冲器向下。源对象801并不知系统其余部分发生何事,信宿部分803消耗缓冲区,从上游转换部分取一个缓冲区,将数据送至解码器,随后释放该缓冲区以供再使用。
所使用的转换部分802具有两种类型,即空间转换及时间转换。其中,空间转换是指对正在通过的被缓冲数据进行图像卷积处理或压缩/解压缩处理等;而时间转换是在进入系统的缓冲区与离开该系统的缓冲区之间没有可表示的时间关系时所用,这种转换会将缓冲区写至储存媒体的一文件804,且在稍后推出该缓冲区,沿管线向下传送并适当排列在数据流当中。
参考图9,图中示出程序逻辑的C++类分层示意。TiVo媒体核心(Tmk)904,908,913与操作系统核心调停,并提供诸如存储器分配、同步化及线程化的操作。Tmk核心904,908,913将得自媒体核心的存储器构成作为一对象,并提供运算符(新的及删除的),用于构建及拆散该对象,每一对象(源部分901、转换部分902及信宿部分903)通过定义被多重穿线并能以平行方式运行。
TmkPipeline级905,909,914负责系统中的数据流控制,并指向从源部分901到信宿部分903的数据流的下一管线。若暂停管线动作,此时可将一称作″暂停″的事件送至该管线中的第一对象,该事件再被中继到下一对象,如此沿管线向下进行。这些传送动作与管线中流过的数据不同步,因此MPEG流的控制与该MPEG流本身是不同步且互相分离的,就如同电话技术一般。对于简单逻辑设计这允许相同时间,足以支持前述的特征,如暂停、倒转、快进等。此外,这种结构也允许数据流源之间的快速有效切换,因为被缓冲的数据能够被简单地舍弃,而解码器利用单一事件进行重置,之后新数据流中的数据即可往管线方向送去。这种快速切换的能力是有必要的,如正由输入模块捕获的通道的切换、或输入模块的活信号与所储存的数据流之间的切换均需这种能力。
源对象901为Tmk Source906,而转换对象902为Tmk Xfrm910,且两者均为限定管线中各阶层各的标准行为的中间阶层。就概念上而言,该两者交换管线中的缓冲区数据,其中源对象901从实体数据源中取出数据(如从媒体切换器中取出),并将该数据置入PES缓冲区中。在欲取得该缓冲区时,源对象901会向其管线的下游对象要求取得一缓冲区(allocEmptyBuf)。源对象901在存储器不足时会被阻隔,这说明管线会自我协调,即管线有其自动流程控制。当源对象901已填满该缓冲区,会将该缓冲区通过pushFullBuf功能送至转换部分902。
信宿部分903亦在数据流上受到控制,其呼叫nextFullBuf,它则告诉转换部分902为下一已填满缓冲器作好准备,这一操作可阻断信宿部分903直至缓冲区已准备就绪。当信宿部分903已完成对缓冲区的处理(即已耗散该缓冲区的数据),便呼叫releaseEmptyBuf,releaseEmptyBuf将缓冲区送回转换部分902。接着,转换部分902可将该缓冲区递回给源对象901等,再进行缓冲区的填充。本方法除了数据流自动控制的优点外,还能限制缓冲区的专用存储器大小,这是通过转换而执行缓冲区的重排而达成,因此在有限DRAM环境中能达到节省存储器的功能。
媒体切换器阶层909呼叫TmkClipCache912对象的allocEmptyBuf方法并从中接收PES缓冲区。接着,TmkClipCache912对象离开并到媒体切换器硬件中的循环型缓冲区并产生PES缓冲区。接着,媒体切换器阶层909填满该缓冲区,并将该缓冲区推进返回到TmkClipCache912对象。
TmkClipCache912维持高速缓存文件918在储存媒体上,还使两指针指向该高速缓存文件:一个推进指针919和一个当前指针920,前者显示来自源部分901的下一缓冲区的插入位置,后者则指向当前使用中的缓冲区。
当前指针所指向的缓冲区被送至Vela解码器阶层916,后者则向硬件中的解码器921对话。解码器921形成经解码的电视频号,该电视频号再被编码成NTSC、PAL或其它模拟格式的模拟电视频号。当Vela解码器阶层916完成对缓冲器的处理,便呼叫releaseEmptyBuf。
阶层的结构使系统易于测试及调试,每一阶层均可独立测试而确定该阶层是否得适当动作。这些阶层可被逐渐聚集而达到所需的功能,同时对每一对象的有效测试功能仍得以维持。
控制对象917接收用户命令,并将事件送至管线中,以控制管线正在作什么。举例而言,若用户在观看电视中,用户得压下遥控器上的暂停键,此时控制对象917对信宿部分903送出一事件,告知其暂停。信宿部分903停止要求新缓冲区,而当前指针920则停在信宿部分903的当前位置。当信宿部分903再接收到一事件,告知为播放时,便再将缓冲区取出。系统处于完全同步化,即从被停止的帧开始。
摇控器也可具有一快进键。当快进键被压下时,控制对象917送出一事件至转换部分902,告知其向前移动两秒钟。转换部分902发现移动两秒中需要向前移动3个缓冲区,于是便发出一重置事件至管线下游,将所有排列等待出现于硬件解码器中的数据或状态冲掉。这是相当关键的一步骤,因为MPEG流结构需维持多帧数据上的状态,而该状态在使指针再定位时将会无效。接着,转换部分902向前移动三个缓冲区,接着信宿部分903呼叫nextFullBuf,声明得到新的现行缓冲区。这种方法可同样应用于快倒模式,只要转换部分902向后移动当前指针920。
解码器中有一系统时钟参考,在快播中系统时钟参考被加速,而在慢播中被减速。根据时钟速度,信宿部分要求整个缓冲区变更快或更慢。
请参阅图10,图中由TmkXfrom阶层得到的其它两个对象被置于管线中,用以供盘片存取,一个称为TmkClipReader 1003,另一个称为TmkClipWriter1001。缓冲区进入TmkClipWriter 1001中,并被推至储存媒体1004的文件,而TmkClipReader 1003则要求缓冲区从储存媒体1005的文件取出。TmkClipReader 1003只提供allocEmptyBuf及PushFullBuf方法,而TmkClipWriter 1001只提供nextFullBuf及releaseEmptyBuf方法。因此,TmkClipReader 1003执行如输入或″推″TmkClipCache 1002一侧的功能,而TmkClipWriter 1001执行如输出或″推″TmkClipCache 1002一侧的功能。
请参阅图11,其中显示实现多功能的一个较佳实施例。信源1101有一电视频号输入,信源将数据送至PushSwith 1002,后者为从TmkXfrm导出的转换。推切换器(PushSwitch)1102具有多个输出,通过控制对象1114能够被切换。这意味着管线的一部分能够被停止而另一部分被开始。用户能够切换到不同的存储装置。PushSwitch 1102能够输出到TmkClipWriter 1106,后者继续到存储装置1107或者写入到高速缓存转换1103。
该装置的一个重要特征在于在程序逻辑的控制下用其便于选择性地捕获输入信号的某些部分;即基于诸如目前时间的信息、或许某一特定时间跨度或通过观众压下遥控器按键,TmkClipWriter 1106可以被打开而记录一部分信号,而在随后某一时间被关闭。一般而言,这种切换动作是通过送出一″切换″事件至PushSwitch 1102对象而达成的。
触发选择性捕获的一种附加方法是通过把信息调制成VBI或置入MPEG私人数据通道中。将从VBI或私人数据通道解码而得的数据送至程序逻辑,程序逻辑再检查该数据,以确定该数据是否指示被调制的电视频号的捕获应当开始。同样地,该信息也可指示记录该何时结束,或将另一数据项目调制成指示捕获该何时结束的信号。开始及结束指示器可被明显地调制成信号,或者以标准形式被置入该信号中的其它信息信息可用以对该信息加以编码。
请参阅图12。图中示出一个例子,说明程序逻辑如何对封闭字幕(CC)字段中所含的字进行扫描,以利用特定字或短语触发捕获而确定开始及结束时间的。图中给出一串NTSC或PAL字段1201,CC字节是从每个奇数字段1202中取出,并被送至循环型缓冲器1203中,以供字分析单元(Word Parser)1204处理。字分析单元1204收集字符直至碰到字边界为止,通常为空格、区间或其它分界字符等。MPEG声频及视频区段系被收集到一系列固定大小的PES缓冲器中,前文中已述及,将一特殊区段加到每个PES缓冲器中,用以保持从CC字段1205所取的字。因此,以与声频及视频时间同步地给出CC信息并可在显示数据流时被正确呈现于观众。这种设计可使程序逻辑在空闲时处理储存中数据流的CC信息,扩展负荷量、降低成本并提高效率。此时,存储在特殊区段中的字被送到状态表逻辑1206。
在数据流捕获时,在表格1206中查看每个字,以指示确认该字的动作。这个动作可以简单地改变识别器状态机1207的状态,或使状态机1207发出一动作要求,如″开始捕获″、″停止捕获″、″短语看到″或其它类似之动作请求。实际上,已识别的字或短语可引起管线被切换,例如如果在节目中使用非想要的语言重叠一个不同的声道。
注意分析状态表1206及识别状态机1207可随时加以变更或改变。举例而言,可为每一输入通道提供一个不同的表及状态机。此外,根据日期时间或者由于其他事件可以切换这些元件。
请参阅图11。图中增加一个PullSwitch 1104,其输出到信宿1105。信宿部分105呼叫nextFullBuf及releaseEmptyBuf,从PullSwitch 1104获取或送回缓冲区,PullSwitch 1104可以具有任意数目的输入,一个输入可以是ActionClip1113。遥控器可在各输入源之间切换。控制对象1114送出一事件到PullSwitch1104,告知其进行切换,它将从当前输入源切换到控制对象所选择的任何输入源。
ActionClip阶层可以可控制及可预测的方式对多种不同的储存信号提供排序,观众可通过遥控器另加控制。因此,ActionClip阶层就如TmkXfrm对象的衍生物,接受切换到下一储存信号的″切换″事件。
该项设计能让程序逻辑或用户对视频输出顺序加以设定,视频区段可加以排序及加以组合的数目可为任意,如同程序逻辑或用户在使用广播电台视频混合器一般。对TmkClipReaders 1108、1109、1110进行分配,每一个与PullSwitch 1104相接。PullSwitch 1104在TmkClipReaders 1108,1109,1110之间切换,对视频及声频剪接片段加以组合。流程控制为自动的,这是因为管线构成的方法。推与拉切换(Push与PullSwitches)与广播电台中视频切换器相同。
以上所述的导出阶层及产生的对象可以任何方式组合,形成多种不同的有用配置,如对电视数据流的储存、检索、切换及观看。举例而言,若输入及输出模块有多个时,在观看一个输入时另一个输入被储存,而用第二输入形成的画中画窗口用来预览先前储存的信息流。这种配置代表软件转换的一种独特且新颖的应用,在单个低成本装置中实现高成本、复杂硬件解决方案的功能。
请参阅图13。图中所示为一高级系统,该系统实施VCR备份。输出模块1303送出电视频号到VCR1307,让用户直接将电视节目记录在录像带上。本发明让用户将程序排队从盘片记录到录像带上,并排定将程序送至VCR1307的时间。标题页(EPG数据)可在节目送出之前先行送至VCR1307,较长的节目则可利用加快播放速度或丢除某些帧的方式加以调整,以拟合在较小的录像带上。
VCR1307的输出也可返回到输入模块1301。在此种配置中,VCR当作媒体切换器1302的一备份系统,任何储存过量的数据或优先级较低的程序被送到VCR1307,以便稍后检索。
输入模块1301可对编码在VBI上的信息解码并将其送至系统其它部分。输出模块1303可编码到由系统其它部分所提供的输出VBI数据。程序逻辑可将各种辨认信息编码到输出信号中,而输出信号将利用VCR1307被记录到录像带上。播放这一录像带返回到输入允许程序逻辑读回这一识别信息,使记录在录像带上的电视频号得到适当处理。举例而言,特定程序可与它何时被记录的、信源网路等信息一起记录到录像带中。当播放该程序返回到输入模块时,该项信息可用以控制信号的储存及向观众呈现等。
本领域专业技术人员应当能理解可以用这种机制将各种不同数据项目引入到尚未被适当当作电视频号的程序逻辑。举例而言,软件更新数据或其它数据可被送至该系统。程序逻辑从电视数据流接收此项数据时可对数据的处理方式加以控制,如要求示出某特定认证顺序或/及根据以前得到的密钥对内嵌信息加以解密。这种方法也可用于一般的广播信号,成为将非电视控制信息及数据提供给程序逻辑的有效手段。
此外,本领域专业技术人员应当理解,虽然上述以VCR进行具体说明,但实则可用于各种多媒体记录装置(如数字视频光盘-随机存取存储器(DVD-RAM))上。
本领域专业技术人员应当能理解,上述说明可用于其它的应用,这些应用都不脱离本发明的精神范围。举例而言,本发明可用于电子赌场犯罪的检测上,这时可将本发明的输入模块接至赌场的视频监视系统上而实现,记录的视频被高速缓存并同时输出到外部VCR上。用户可在外部VCR正在载入实时输入视频的同时切换到任何各视频并以检查(即利用倒带、播放、慢速播放、快进等)记录图像的某特定部分。
请再参阅图1。本发明的较佳实施例能提供一观众界面,使观众使用本系统的各种不同功能。本系统的结构让称为录像带循环片段的项目存储在硬盘或储存装置105中。录像带循环片段通过输入流进入系统的输入模块101,并由媒体切换器102转换成MPEG流并被置于储存装置中。此外,录像带循环片段还以MPEG流的形式进入系统中(通过一个背通道、VBI、传输媒体等)、由输入模块101使之绕过MPEG转换循环、并由媒体切换器102将之写至储存装置105中。
观众界面程序逻辑(由CPU106执行)命令媒体切换器102从储存装置105取出录像带循环片段,录像带循环片段为三至四秒钟的录像带(其长度与信息播放量相关,可以更长),使视频的结尾与开头无缝地合并在一起,系统从开头至结尾播放该录像带循环片段时得到连续的视频流效果,即每一次抵达结尾时得接回该录像带循环片段的开头。如上所述,输出模块103以MPEG视频循环片段流为其输入,并根据NTSC、PAL或其它所需电视标准形成一模拟电视频号,其中输出模块103的OSD发生器得让程序逻辑将文字或图片置于所形成的模拟电视频号的上方。
图7所示为系统的较低阶层说明。图中,CPU713告知媒体切换器701从储存装置710中检索某一特定录像带循环片段、并将其送往MPEG解码器715。屏幕上图像由CPU713建立,并通过OSD发生器而送至数字混合器718中。数字混合器718能将视频循环片段、屏幕图像及声频混合,并将混合结果送至电视或监视器716上。
本发明的观众界面利用输入装置与用户输入相作用,输入装置可为图14所示的遥控器等。请参阅图15,用户命令通过控制输入模块1504处理;观众界面1503处理该输入命令;适当令命被发送至媒体控制器1501(如显示视频循环片段);屏幕的显示由观众界面1503形成,并如上所述通过输出模块1505传送。
使用此类遥控器1401的观众压下TiVo键1401时,观众界面就显示如图16所示的菜单,其中TiVo中心1601位于中心位置,含有观众可观看的区域的列表,利用压下遥控器上的单一按键即可轻易对其作用。
观众界面将视频循环片段显示于电视或监视器上的屏幕背景区域中,这里图示屏幕左上方位置的字符1602是另一不同的视频循环片段。该字符的视频循环片段赋予该字符1602以更生动的画面,目的是利用让观众感觉该字符栩栩如生,字符的触角移动,字符的足部从一侧跳动至另一侧。屏幕上的每一成份均可为独立的视频循环片段,颜色淡化文本1603循环片段将该文字以类似标题的方式从屏幕的右侧旋转至左侧,而背景的其余部分又位于另一视频循环片段中。然在必要之时,整个背景显示也可以一视频循环片段表达。视频循环片段的设计得使CPU免于提取连续动画的工作,当该系统以同于播放任何其它MPEG流的方式播放这些视频循环片段时,CPU的负荷量就可降低。此外,视频循环片段的设计是显示高清晰度图像的节省成本方法。
任何短暂事件(如名字、光标、位置指示器等)都可利用OSD而通过视频循环片段画到屏幕上,诸如Now Showing的菜单选项1604可通过视频循环片段而送出。图示中,加亮条1605用以指示当前的菜单选项,这些选项可由用户加以选择。
加亮条可以利用视频循环片段来显示。图示中,加亮条1605似乎是直接送至屏幕上,然其实为一视频循环片段。每当用户压下遥控器上的按键1403以移动加亮条1605的位置时,为该位置选出适当的视频循环片段。
此外,加亮条1605可以如同短暂选项的方式通过视频循环片段送至屏幕上。
信息在屏幕上是以连续显示的格式出现。用户可在菜单中游移,即可移至右边(压下遥控器上按键1403的右侧)而得到更多信息,或可移至左边(压下遥控器上按键1403的左侧)而看到较少信息,并可回到原先之位置。选择键1404用以选择菜单选项,并可使适当动作被执行。
每一组菜单的背景在用户用过后均知为固定的。举例而言,Now Showing的背景屏幕颜色是琥珀色/黄色,而Now Showing的背景屏幕颜色是紫色,用户可通过颜色而很快知道当前处于哪一选项中。
请参阅图14、16及17。本发明在屏幕上提供有“暗示箭头”1706,1707,1708,1709,用以告知用户在其所指方向中有更多信息。这些箭头包含有上指箭头1709、下指箭头1707、左指箭头1708及右指箭头1706。其中,右指箭头1706向用户指示在压下遥控器1401上按键1403之右侧时得使用更多信息,左指箭头1708向用户指示在压下遥控器1401上按键1403之左侧时得使用更多一般层级详细数据。上指箭头1709及下指箭头1707向用户指示在其当前所在的加亮条1710处的上方或下方有更多的选项。当看不到箭头时,那么在该方向上不再有任何信息。
举例而言,用户只需框选Now Showing1604、并压下遥控器1401按键1403之右侧,此时Now Showing屏幕1701即会显现,该屏幕1701上有一节目列表1705,以往下排列的方式显现,最近的节目排在节目表最上端。Now Showing列表1705所含的节目列表计有用户要求系统记录者及系统认为用户感兴趣的节目。系统列表是根据用户对系统表达其对节目的偏好而来,可使用下述的往上往下率表达,往上往下率并以TiVo标签1712指示。黄点1702为一警示指示器,指示节目将播完,在短时间内就会自硬盘中删除(如在24小时以内)。一惊叹号1704的黄点指示节目将在更短的期间内删除(如在向后几小时内)。绿点1703指示系统将会储存该节目至用户蓄意删除之为止。红点1713指示该节目当前正存储在存储装置中。
下指箭头1711显示在列表1705的较下部区域处,在用户欲往下滚动以得到更多信息时显示。上指箭头显示在列表1705的较上部区域处,在有更多信息得以往上滚动时出现。用户以在遥控器1401上压下按键1403而往上或往下时分别在列表中往上滚动或往下滚动;通道按键1410往上或往下时分别在列表中往上或往下。
当用户压下遥控器1401上按键1403右侧时,用户看见一更详细节目信息屏幕。请参阅图18。该屏幕提供用户更多与该特定节目相关的信息。用户也可在不采取动作1805的条件下自动将节目删除、立即观看1801、立即删除1803、要求本发明将该节目储存更长1802或储存直至用户将其删除1802。若用户要求本发明将该节目储存得更久,那么黄色或具惊叹号的黄点就会消失。此外,用户也可将节目储存至外部VCR中,以供归档1805。本发明能同时显示加亮条1806、暗示箭头1810,1811,1812及视频循环片段1807,而节目1809的文字描述也有显示。
下指键1813显示于屏幕较下部分,指示用户可压下遥控器1401上的通道按键1410、在Now Showing列表上下一节目的详细节目信息。上指键显示于屏幕较上部分,指示节目列表在方方向上还有其它节目。有了这些功能,用户可得到Now Showing列表上相同功能的更详细内容。
请参阅图7、15及18。本发明提供书签功能,能让用户对其离开的节目之处加以书签。CPU713记录用户所停止的节目处所在的帧,或者用户可命令系统放置一书签,媒体切换器701则更新CPU713的视频流的状态。举例而言,用户可观看储存装置710中储存的两小时节目的前半小时,接着在其离开该节目之处加书签标记,或者用户也可将书签标在节目中感兴趣的点上。此外,在用户离开观看节目时(如到电视节目或菜单模式),本发明也可自动对该节目加书签标记。本发明将一指示器1708置于屏幕上,指示书签已被保存。
在任何时候,用户使用他的所有标签,并可从该标签处继续观看该节目。当一节目从储存装置710中删除时,其相关的标签也同时删除。此外,用户也可选择某一节目的某一特定书签或所有书签。一旦节目正播放中,用户可利用遥控器1401上的跳跃按键1414跳至一书签处,并可压下选择键1406而离开该书签。
可以为不同用户设定单一节目中的诸书签,遥控信号可针对家庭中某一用户而加以编码。这种作法使得家庭中每一成员均可有其个人遥控器,其优点在于父母控制能力、个人喜好及书签均可在每一遥控器使用时得以自动启动,且CPU 713能注明一书签属于一特定编码遥控器,每组数据均存储在存储装置710中。
遥控器经遥控器面板上的编码芯片能自识别系统。控制输入模块1504接收遥控器的命令信号;观众界面1503负责该遥控器的识别工作,并为所有相关喜好文件检查其在储存装置1502中的喜好设定。接着,观众界面1503利用用户的相关喜好文件(或者在未找到匹配时为缺省的喜好文件)书签信息,在储存装置1502中不具有相关节目的所有书签则被忽略及删除。观众界面1503命令媒体控制器1501显示开始帧对应于该喜好文件书签(若存在)的节目。
此外,编码遥控器也可供父母管制用,遥控器可设定成对每个遥控器父母具有不同水平的控制权。举例而言,子女的个人遥控器可被设定成不能观看任何大于G等级。
本领域专业技术人员应当理解,虽然上述内容将编码遥控器描述为一种使用个人用户之喜好文件的方法,但它也可实现其它方法如可作为使用手册选择。
节目中的多个书签对用户而言为可透视的,因为用户所使用的遥控器要求系统仅显示并起动特定用户书签。在必要时,用户也可看见其它用户设定的书签。
本领域专业技术人员应当理解,本发明的书签可应用于任何视频或视频应用,这里节目内容的物理位置易于确定,如可用于DVDs、VCRs、MP3s等。
用户可指示其对某一节目的喜好程度。在某一节目中,用户可以一、二或三个往上数来排一个特定节目的收视率,表示对该节目的喜好程度;用户也可以一、二或三个向下数来指示其不喜欢该节目;用户愈喜欢或愈不喜欢该节目时,该向上或向下指示的数目随之增加。
用户可在观看一节目或观看该节目信息时对该节目加以评量,节目评量的累积让系统将相关的节目保存在系统储存装置中上。这影响本案发明人于美国专利申请案08/中所描述的下层系统的性能。
请参阅图19、20a、20b及20c。每当用户观看一节目的一段情节或用户观看该节目信息1908时,本发明显示用户对该节目的排名(当其存在之时)。每当用户改变通道、切换至实播电视节目图像或令一标题出现时,标题2001画面即被显示在屏幕之较上部分。
标题可有三种阶层,每一阶层中顺序含有某一节目的更多信息,用户可在这三种阶层中旋转。最低阶层标题200包含最少信息,如通道201、站台编号2003及时间2004。第二阶层标题2005除显示最小标题2001的信息外,其还显示节目名称2006、总时间2007、节目MPAA或电视收视率2008及排名。最后标题2009用以将节目文字描述内容2010加至第二阶层标题2005,其中节目文字描述内容2010对用户而言为半透明的,能让用户在阅读文字时仍能观看节目。
请参阅图21。图中显示某些节目显示于TiVo的建议区2101中,这些节目为用户指示为其喜好者及其它系统认为用户所喜欢。
用户可要求系统记录节目的短瞬时间,显示的下一个x数、记录节目设定时间内所有发生的事件或取得节目的季通行证。季通行证能告知系统用户欲记录特定节目在整季中的所有信息。举例而言,系统能使该节目在每周一早上八点钟显示,并可在每周一下午八点钟将该节目存在储存装置中,直至该季结束止。此外,季通行证只在该节目属于具对白的节目时提供给用户。
在观看实播电视节目图像的任何时候,用户告诉系统其欲储存该节目的进度、记录该节目的下一次时间(若存在时)、或可取得该节目的季通行证。若用户正观看一节目,并告知系统其欲记录该节目的进度,此时系统将从该时间点开始记录该节目,并将这些部分加至节目在之前已具通行证并已处于缓冲状态。由于用户的选择会出现在他个人数据中,因此他可在稍后再行编辑其选择。
请参阅图22及23。Showcase区2201含有某电视或有线网路提供的节目列表,这些是网路节目阵容中当前所提供出来的节目。举例而言,用户将加亮条移至右侧,并可观看网路列表。用户可利用加亮该特定列、并移动该加亮条2204至右侧而选择NBC2203,NBC的节目菜单列表将会出现下一屏幕2301上。接着,用户可将加亮条2302移动而加亮一节目菜单,并接着移动加亮条2303至右侧而观看下一屏幕上的节目列表。
请再参阅图19。图中示出显示节目信息的一幕。用户可得到排名(若存在)1901及节目描述及通道信息。用户可见到多项选择,如现在观赏1902、记录一段情节1903、获取季通行证1904、观看将播出的节目1905、取消特定记录1906及观看主题1907(其在相同的主题区中显示其它节目)
请参阅图24,图中TiVo的将进行事件列表2401包含系统将储存于系统硬盘中的节目列表2402,并有与当天相距几天列表的显示,其中每一天都有系统将储存于系统硬盘的一相对节目列表。用户可选择其欲查询的当日,达到目的的该方式为加亮该天并将加亮条移至右侧。系统将储存于该天的节目列表有所显示。此外,本发明也可同时显示该天2404的全部节目2402列表与该节目名称2407。
节目旁有一核对标记,用以指示用户曾要求系统记录过该节目;两核对标记2403代表该节目2407属于季通行证的一部分。用户可核对列表上的所节目,或离开核对节目的状态。在存至储存装置时,标有核对标记节目的优先权较未标有核对标记者为高。
若用户欲核对的节目太多,那么本发明将会告知用户系统硬盘的空间已不足。用户被告知的还包括这些当前已被储存或将要被储存至系统硬盘上的节目中哪些节目应予脱离,已达储存真正欲储存的节目的目的。用户可接受用户的建议,或其也可得到当前被储存或计画将储存至储存装置上的节目列表,并可选择从该储存装置中移除不想再储存的节目。用户在选择不欲储存的节目时,其作法为在节目名称旁加一”X”,也可让系统选择将被移除的节目。
请参阅图25。所有节目计划发生冲突均立即对观众显示2501。这种冲突的发生原因包含观众选择将两同时显示、或两者有重叠时间(当仅具有一调谐器存在之时)的节目同时储存等。
请再参阅图14。观众还可利用遥控器1401上的上指1405及下指1404按键来告知系统其喜欢或不喜欢的节目类型或演员。举例而言,观众可从一列表中选取演员,并将一、二或三个上指或下指按钮置于某一特定演员名字之旁。观众可对其喜好演员列表加以处理,并可在该列表中加入或移除演员。此外,最喜欢导演也可如处理最喜欢演员的方式予以指明。系统能感受该观众的喜好,并建议用户观看由该演员、导演所表演的节目及该节目类型。
请参阅图7及图26。当用户收看一节目时,播放时间棒2601会出现在该实播视频上。此时,CPU713利用OSD发生器显示该播出时间棒2601及其相关部分图像,显示是通过数字混合器718至电视或监视器上。播出时间棒2601以可视的方式告知用户关于循环节目储存的大小及储存装置已被填满的量的信息(若储存装置能力不足时)。媒体切换器701能告知CPU713现正播放的帧及储存装态。
当前播出的节目是以上述方式存于循环型储存装置中。播出时间棒2601内的绿色高速缓存棒2602用以指示循环型储存装置已经填充的量;时间标记2603,2604显示于播出时间棒2601之内,用以提供用户一可视参考点,用户可利用此参考点判断当前时间及储存装置已记录的相对时间。时间标记2603,2604可为任意的时间增量,不过该时间增量通常为半小时或15分钟,每隔半小时(此时间也可选择)高速缓存棒2602即往左方移动。在播出电视节目时,当前时间所显示的位置必定为播出时间棒2601右手边2610者减去中央时间标记2604的时间增量。播出时间棒2601的整个时间长度的计算可从播出时间棒2601右侧2610的时间减去左边2609的时间。
游标2605沿播出时间棒2601移动,并位于高速缓存棒2602之上方,用以显示当前播出所在位置的时间点。游标2605及位置指示器2608互相连结,用以令用户目视其当前在节目中的位置所在。模式指示器2606位于游标2605之下,并跟随游标2605移动。模式指示器2606显示用户当前系处于播放、记录、暂停、慢播、快播、快进(1倍、2倍或3倍)、慢速倒播、慢速倒退或快速倒退(1倍、2倍或3倍)等模式,其中1倍、2倍或3倍的速度可由系统调整成任意所需倍数(如2倍、16倍及32倍)。
当储存装置尚未填满,高速缓存棒2602会向右延展,因为有愈来愈多的节目储存在循环型储存装置中。存储装置被填满,那么高速缓存棒2602就跑至右侧。当高速缓存棒2602抵达播出时间棒2601右侧时,其将移至播出时间棒2601左侧,高速缓存棒2602的右侧就位于播出时间棒2601中的时间标记2604处。播出时间棒2601中的游标2605及位置指示器2608同样也与高速缓存棒2607呈一体移动,用以指示当前在储存装置中的位置。位于播出时间棒2601右侧所显示的时间与播出时间棒2601中央处的时间标记2604有半小时偏移量(此为以半小时为增量时间设计时的差值)。
此外,播出时间棒2601的左侧也可显示压缩的时间标尺,当使用大的循环高速缓存器时使用该压缩的时间标尺。有时,播出时间棒2601右侧(其指示时间周期大于半小时)的存在是不利的,因为高速缓存棒2602在抵达右侧末端时将会移动至左侧,这会令用户混淆。
用户可将游标2605移至高速缓存棒2602中任何位置,即可利用播放1411、倒带1415、快进1408、暂停1412、慢动作播放1413、跳跃式播放1414及立即重播1415键来指定游标2605的位置。当立即重播用于足球转播时,立即重播键1415使游标2605在高速缓存棒2602中的位置倒回10秒钟(此时间为系统可调),如此用户即得以立即重播的方式观赏节目中的某部分。
当用户观看一已被记录之节目时,位于右侧2610的播出时间棒的时间指示器代表节目记录的总时间。高速缓存棒2602填满整个播出时间棒2601,指示该节目已完全保存于系统中。若储存的仅为节目的部分,那么储存高速缓存棒2602显示系统所储存该节目的长度。举例而言,若用户在节目已开始之后才记录该节目,且当时系统并未将该节目的开始部分存于其储存装置中,那么高速缓存棒2602将显示其播出之始为该节目开始后的某一时间。同样地,节目过早被结束时,上述行为也会动作,此时高速缓存棒2602将会在记录动作停止时结束。此外,游标2605也会显示用户当前于节目中所在位置的时间值(如1小时),而模式指示器2606的动作已在以上作说明,以下也有介绍。
请参阅图27,该图所示为播出时间棒旁的各个元件,其中包含播出时间棒本身2701及高速缓存棒2702、游标2703及半小时定时标记2704。模式指示器可指示记录动作刻正进行中2704。记录动作正进行时,用户可在已记录节目中移动,这是本发明的特有方面。游标2703可被移至高速缓存棒2702中的任何点,高速缓存棒2702指示记录动作的进行。模式指示器2705能显示记录2706、播放2707、倒带(三倍速度)2708、2709、2710、快进(3倍速度)2711、2712、2713、暂停及慢动作播放2715等动作中各动作的同时进行,图中示出的例子为结合2倍速度快进2716及3倍速度快进2717的记录。
播放时间棒及其相关显示小画面在节目内容上的显示仅为一小段时间,其中播放时间棒显示的时间为用户在启用任何播放相关动作之时,即记录、播放、倒带、快进、暂停及慢动作播放之时。若启用的模式为播放或记录时,播放时间棒及其相关元件将会在屏幕上显示一小段时间,如此能使节目在屏幕上的障碍物除去,以利用用户观看,且此显示时间可为系统所调整。若除了编辑模式或使用专用播放显示,播放时间棒及其相关元件可以无限播放。
此外,索引或书签指示器可显示于播放时间棒之上。举例而言,这些书签可为一垂直棒,棒可带颜色、有标志或有标签,唯一地给用户在该位置上存在索引或书签的提示。用户通过压下遥控器1401上的跳跃键可依序跳至每一所索引或书签指示器,索引及书签可由用户轻易加以置放或移动,如前所述。
本领域专业技术人员将会理解,本发明的播出时间棒可应用任何视频或声频应用中,只要该应用中节目的实际位置可轻易确定得知即可,如DVDs、VCRs、MP3s等均属之。
本发明的另一个独特方面是,用户可在系统记录另一节目并将其存储于储存装置上同时观看存储在储存装置上的预先记录的节目,这一同时操作是本发明结构的自然特征。要记录并存储于储存装置上的节目数目可为系统中的调谐器数或资源数。
请再参阅图14及15。本发明得在用户停止快进或后转模式时预测用户欲于节目中停止之处(停止位置过度的修正)。其中,用户发自遥控器1401的命令可由控制输入模块1504接收;用户首先可通过压下快进按键1408或后转按键1407将模式设定成快进或快倒。接着,观众界面1503告知媒体控制器1501在节目中快进或快倒。接下来,每压一次快进1408或快倒1407按键时,系统就分别进入1倍、2倍或3倍快进或快倒模式。当用户欲停止快进或快倒的进行时,其只需压下任何其它媒体控制按键即可,不过一般最常压下的为播放键1411。
观众界面1503接收来自控制输入模块1504的命令,并告知媒体控制器1501停止。接着,媒体控制器1501送给观众界面1503以节目内容被停止的帧位置。然后,观众界面告诉媒体控制器1501切换至用户所选模式中,并将该帧传送给媒体控制器1501,以开始进入该模式,其中该帧起始位置为加上或减去位置过度修正的当前帧。
本发明可因应每一用户的需求,其利用的方式为记取用户在停止快进或快倒模式(每一种速度均可)后用户的修正量(即快倒或快进)。修正因子的计算可由将用户的修正量及设定因子加以平均、取中间数或任何其它方式达成,对每一速度者均然。但若系统发现用户仍继续进行修正时,系统将会调整已得的修正因子。
另外,本发明也使用一种预测方法而在切换任一模式时令用户停在节目中的正确位置上。该预测方法先决定用户所在为1倍、2倍或3倍快进或快倒模式。接着,自动在帧上减去或加上一时间倍数(此值依1倍、2倍或3倍时的真正速度而定),并令用户位于修正帧处,其中该帧所指为切换被检测。当系统得知用户在其快速前或倒转模式停止后仍连续不断修正位置时,系统即再微调该时间乘数。
在另一方法中,本发明在初始时即测试用户的反应时间,所凭借者为一测试影带。在测试影带播放当中,用户被要求压下快进1408或快倒1407键,接着要求用户将影带内容停在其希望系统所停位置。然后用户每在快进或快倒模式时,该时间差就得被利用,并可随每种速度而调整。
本发明的最后一方法中,用户得进行敏感度设定,系统将以该设定作为修正。每当用户使用快进或快倒模式时,本发明将在播放帧上加上或减去该因子的一倍数。
本领域专业技术人员应当理解,本发明之书签可用以任何节目中各实体位置可以轻易确定视频及声频应用中,如可用于DVDs、VCRs及MP3s等。
请参阅图7、14、28、29、30及31。本发明向用户显示一节目指南区2801,这是当前正在传送、已经传送或计划排定在电视上播出的节目,这些节目指南信息存储在存储装置710中,而CPU713则可分析节目指南信息,并可建立节目排定信息。
节目指南区2801为半透明的,并重叠在当前用户观看的实际广播节目2802上。因此,在浏览节目指南日程表之时,用户可看见节目2802的进行,这使得用户能立即切换回节目2802中。举例而言,用户可在节目进入广告时段时切换而浏览节目指南2803;当用户看见广告时段结束,其得立即切回节目2802中。
在遥控器1409上压下电视指南按键1409可得到一中央节目指南区2801,用户在节目计划信息中巡航。节目指南区2803显示当前在电视上所呈现的、各通道上所有的及某一将达到的特定通道上。本发明在显示节目指南信息时是以两种不同模式表示,即两列或三列。一般而言,屏幕上一次只显示两列,用以使显示画面较整齐,并以较具亲和力的格式将信息呈现予用户,而非以传统的通道/时间格式。
两列模式2803显示现有通道系以旋转无穷列表的方式显示,显示于左边行2804中,而加亮通道的节目则显示于右行2805。用户压下往上或往下按键1403、或压下往上或往下通道按键1410而滚动通道列表。界面在滚动时对所有行来说都是相同的;暗示箭头在该界面中也是相同的,用以说明在所指方向中仍有更多信息。此外,当加亮条移至右方时,用户可得到更详细的信息,即如以上所述者。
当前时间周期2807显示于屏幕上左行2804之上,其可轻易由用户加以改变,其方式为压下遥控器1401上的返回键1407或向前键1408,以分别将时间周期2807向后移或向前移。时间显示画面的下方为用户可选择的通道2804列表,其中每一通道数字2809旁为站台编号2810及当前正播送的节目名称2811。用户在其所感兴趣的通道上移动加亮条2812,且该现行播放节目的描述2806,2808也有显示。本发明的较佳实施例将描述区2806置于两列之上。当用户改变时间周期2807时,节目名称2811改变成相对于时间周期2807时的名称,此时右行2805中的节目也改变成对应于时间周期2807。
当前显示于加亮通道上的节目信息显示于节目指南区2810的上部区2806、2808中;所有用户想获知、并为当前选择节目相关数据显示于上部区2806、2808中。这些信息包含:节目名称、对白、节目描述;显示于节目中的演员、所有咨询数据、声频参数、节目的流派、开始及停止时间、节目的MPAA或电视收视率、播出该节目的网路的标记、当前时间等。这些信息的显示时机可为节目被选择成欲记录时、节目已被选择成季通行证时、如果用户已表示出往上或往下的收视率。
用户可压下遥控器1401上按键1403而移至右行2805,这时用户即得在该通道中的节目2805上滚动。当某一节目被加亮时,该节目之信息(如以上所述)即得显示于节目指南区2801的上部区2806,2808中。
右行2805显示某特定通道的节目排程,且该节目排程开始于左行2804上所指的时间2807。节目名称2814及开始时间2813也有显示。举例而言,加亮者为通道2,右行显示所有节目系从现在时间或经选择的时间开始。用户可在节目2805列表中移动加亮条,并因此在节目指南信息中每天的时间区段内移动。往上或往下功能也可轻由用户使用(以上已有描述),这使得用户得免去在任一行节目列表中滚动的麻烦。
通道数字及编号2815系显示于右行2805之上,其中通道数字2815的改变可由用户轻压遥控器1401上的向后键1407或向前键1408而实现,即通道数字2815能分别在通道列表中向前或向后移动。左行2804通道列表依用户的通道选择而变动,即在通道表面中向前或向后滚动。右行节目列表2805改变至与用户选择的通道数字2815对应的节目,并自左行2804上显示的时间2807开始。
右行2805的节目列表可以两种直觉形式表出。第一种形式3201列出节目名称3203旁的每一节目的开始时间3202,列表3204的显示是以最近时间至最新时间依序往下排列的方式排列。
用户可加亮一节目,再移动加亮条至右侧,以得到如图18所示的画面。此时,用户得选择观看显在的节目(若该节目当前刻正播放中)1802、记录对白1803、获取季通行证1804、观看该节目1805未来的列表、取消记录(若该节目正被记录或计划记录中)1806或观看该主题区1807内的节目。
三列模式为在两列模式上加一较高级别列,这意味着在通道行左侧另加一列,不过在视觉上此时却只能显示两列,然较大屏幕或较高清晰度能一次显示三列。节目指南信息以各种不同方式加以分类,如分类成全电影2901、最喜爱通道3001、全通道3101及全运动节目等。第一列3103中含有用户可采用的分类方法;第二列3104呈现的为该分类方法相应的可用通道,其通道行描述与两列方法者同。欲进行分类时,用户只需以加亮条3102加亮较佳的分类方法,随后分类通道即可出现在右行3104中。
接着,用户可将加亮条移动至右行3104(压下遥控器1401上之右键1403即可),用户可因此在通道3104中滚动,经加亮的通道的节目信息显示于节目指南区的上屏幕部分,如以上所述。用户可再次将加亮条移至右侧,以得到如上所述之两列通道/节目格式。该两列通道格式可能是不同的(当使用分类方法而不为全部通道时),因为显示于左行的通道为该分类方法所得来的。
欲将节目指南区2801从屏幕上移开并返回到节目观看模式时,用户可再次压下电视指南键1409。
每当用户将加亮条移至另一区时,如上所述,本发明通过数字混合器718而产生切换声音。在用户尝试进行未准许的动作时,本发明则能发出警示声音,如用户欲将加亮条移至不存在的区,即暗示箭头未显示的地方。这种发声可由用户加以打开或关闭。
上述说明内容仅为本发明中的较佳实施例,而非用以限定本发明的范围,故本领域专业技术人员可利用这些实施例而对发明加以置换,但这些都不脱离在所附专利范围所言明的范围,本发明的范围当以后述的专利申请范围为基准。

Claims (18)

1.一种检测编码遥控装置的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包含下列步骤:
从遥控器接收一信号;
经遥控器面板上的编码芯片识别所述遥控器,所述编码芯片识别所述遥控器;
为与所述遥控器相关的用户喜好文件搜索存储装置上的喜好文件;以及
启动存储在所述相关的用户喜好文件中的节目书签。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
从所述存储装置播放一节目;
检测用户退出播放所述节目或在所述节目中加一个明显标记的点;以及
将所述退出点或所述明显标记作为与所述遥控器相关的节目书签存储在所述存储装置上。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述存储步骤响应于用户的命令而存储所述节目书签。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
从所述存储装置检索节目的节目书签;
从所述节目书签处播放所述节目。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,用户在任何时候都能访问一节目书签并从该书签继续观看相关节目。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当相关节目从所述存储装置移开时,节目书签便从所述存储装置中被删除。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,遥控器被对于特定用户编码。
8.一种检测编码遥控装置的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包含下列步骤:
从遥控器接收一信号;
经遥控器面板上的编码芯片识别所述遥控器,所述编码芯片识别所述遥控器;
在存储在与所述遥控器相关的存储装置上的多个用户喜好文件中的用户喜好文件中搜索父母控制水平;以及
启动相关的父母控制水平;
其中,对每个遥控器父母具有不同水平的控制权。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
根据与遥控器相关的父母控制权,不允许用户观看特定等级的节目。
10.一种检测编码遥控装置的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
从遥控器接收一信号的模块;
经遥控器面板上的编码芯片识别所述遥控器的模块,所述编码芯片识别所述遥控器;
为与所述遥控器相关的用户喜好文件搜索存储装置上的喜好文件的模块;以及
启动存储在所述相关的用户喜好文件中的节目书签的模块。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于还包括:
从所述存储装置播放一节目的模块;
检测用户退出播放所述节目或在所述节目中加一个明显标记的点的模块;以及
将所述退出点或所述明显标记作为与所述遥控器相关的节目书签存储在所述存储装置上的模块。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述存储模块响应于用户的命令而存储所述节目书签。
13.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于还包括:
从所述存储装置检索节目的节目书签的模块;
从所述节目书签处播放所述节目的模块。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,用户在任何时候都能访问一节目书签并从该书签继续观看相关节目。
15.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,当相关节目从所述存储装置移开时,节目书签便从所述存储装置中被删除。
16.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,遥控器被对于特定用户编码。
17.一种检测编码遥控装置的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
从遥控器接收一信号的模块;
经遥控器面板上的编码芯片识别所述遥控器的模块,所述编码芯片识别所述遥控器;
用于在存储在与所述遥控器相关的存储装置上的多个用户喜好文件中的用户喜好文件中搜索父母控制水平的模块;以及
用于启动相关父母控制水平的模块;
其中,对每个遥控器父母具有不同水平的控制权。
18.如权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于还包括:
根据与遥控器相关的父母控制权,不允许用户观看特定等级的节目的模块。
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EP2267997A3 (en) 2012-10-31
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US6642939B1 (en) 2003-11-04
DE60045377D1 (de) 2011-01-27
CN101242515A (zh) 2008-08-13
HK1096765A1 (en) 2007-06-08
EP2352276B1 (en) 2016-08-17
WO2000062533A1 (en) 2000-10-19
CN100407328C (zh) 2008-07-30
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EP2267997A2 (en) 2010-12-29
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