CN101213922A - Red raspberry cultivation technique in desertificated area - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a raspberry cultivation technology at the desertification place, which belongs to the technical field of the fruit tree cultivation method, and resolves the technical problems that: 1, since the desertification place is lack of water, the contradiction between the water supply and the water saving must be resolved in order to improve the yield and the quality of the fruit that requires the sufficient irrigation; 2, the supply-demand contradiction of the trace element fertilizer must be resolved for the high-quality fruit needs different trace element fertilizers, but the desertification place is lack of trace element. The key points of the technical proposal are that 1, the scientific application of the water-preservation agent can resolve the contradiction between the water supply and the water saving; 2, the application of the special trace element mix fertilizer for the raspberry can resolve the supply-demand contradiction of the trace element. The main function of the present invention is to recovery the vegetation of the desertification place, thereby having vast ecological benefit and economic benefit.

Description

Red raspberry cultivation technique in desertificated area

Technical field

The fruit growing method.

Background technology

Raspberry is the perennial deciduous fruit tree of rose family rubus, undershrub.Red raspberry fruits is the fresh fruit of jewel shape, peony, dense, the quality better of sweet taste; Fruit has unique perfume and natural colouring matter; Sugar content and apple, pears, citrus three big fruit are similar; Amino acid content is higher than apple, grape; Rich vitamins E and selenium, its anti-ageing material SOD (superoxide dismutase) and cancer-resisting substance (tanning acid) content is higher than existing any cultivation fruit and wild fruit; Its root, stem, leaf also all have medicinal efficacy; At aspects such as food, medicine, cosmetic, health cares extensive use is arranged, it is listed in the pioneer of third generation fruit and development of the West Regions.With one of three kinds of seeds that go up space raspberry is just arranged, prospect is very wide, and raspberry industrial economy benefit can reach hundred million yuan of tens-hundreds ofs.

The task with strategic importance is administered the desertification soil exactly in the development of the West Regions.Administering desertification has a lot of work to do, and its core work is a restore vegetation.Restore vegetation work comprises that the defeated work of returning farmland to grassland, conceding the land to forestry, deteriorate grassland improvement, sand ground plant seeds by airplane, sown pasture planting, careless field, the planting of shrubbery meadow, sand ground clover, the planting of prairie milk vetch meadow and sand-protecting barrier fix the sand etc.Want ecological benefits and economic benefit to take into account in revegetation work, could transfer people's enthusiasm to greatest extent.Have the very high ecological benefits and the economic benefit of highly significant desertificated area cultivation raspberry.Desertification is very serious in China, and the soil of desertification is 2,620,000 square kilometres, accounts for 27% of territory total area, thereby improvement China desertification soil meaning is very great.

Rosaceous plant is the most representative plant of sand ground shrubbery vegetation, has lot of superiority in revegetation: happiness sunlight, anti-the moon, cold-resistant; Like moisteningly, suitable loam also can be grown on the ground at poor soil; Well developed root system, vitality and resistance against diseases are all very strong.It is a perennial plant, and once cultivation just can restore vegetation.Raspberry belongs to the rose family and has These characteristics.

In order on desertification land, to cultivate raspberry, obtain the high yield good harvest, especially reach restore vegetation, red raspberry fruits reaches fine quality, and still needing desertificated area cultivation raspberry solves several problems:

1, in order to get bumper crops and to improve the quality fruit, must there be sufficient moisture to supply with, desertificated area water lacks very much, must solve the contradiction that supplies water with water saving for this reason.

2, high-quality red raspberry fruits needs comparatively comprehensively nutritive element, especially synthetic SOD must have copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, violent fertilizer etc., and the fertility in desertification soil is too poor, and famine nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element fertilizer have formed the serious disparities between supply and demand of fertilizer.

Look into new result and show, still do not have the patent of raspberry cultivation aspect at present, also do not have the reported in literature of desertificated area raspberry cultivation.The present invention utilizes new method to solve the problems referred to above.For the cultivation of desertificated area raspberry is laid a good foundation.

Summary of the invention

1, preferred raspberry cultivation water-loss reducer consumption

Every clump of raspberry cultivation cave area is 0.5m * 0.5m=0.25m ², dark 0.4m.Have around the cave, cultivation back 0.1m high enclose soil, in order to avoid rainwater flows away.All rainwater do not run off when guaranteeing heavy rain, and water-loss reducer consumption at this moment is the 25g-50g/ clump.

2, preferred water-loss reducer and sandy soil mixed proportion

Water-loss reducer can not be put into the soil pit of the raspberry of planting separately, can form a lump after meeting water like this, does not play a role, also can be harmful.Correct using method is that water-loss reducer is mixed with sandy soil, and its ratio is 1: 100-1: 10000.

3, raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula

Table 1 raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula (base manure is used)

Title	Consumption (kg/ mu)	Consumption (g/ clump)	Consumption (kg/hm 2)
				Zinc fertilizer (zinc sulphate) boron fertilizer (borax) molydbenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate) copper fertilizer (copper sulphate) manganese fertilizer (manganese sulphate) selenium fertilizer (potassium selenite)	0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.001-1	0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.0012-1.2	0.15-150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.015-15

The listed raspberry special microelement of table 1 mixing fertilizer is made base manure, when non-desertificated area uses, can not use simultaneously with water-loss reducer, can cultivate in the cave with evenly being sprinkling upon after the sandy soil of not conglomeration mix again.When the desertificated area using method, detailed description is arranged in specific embodiments of the invention.

Table 2 raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula (spraying fertilising)

Title	Consumption (kg/ mu)	Consumption (g/ clump)	Consumption (kg/hm2)
				Zinc fertilizer (zinc sulphate) boron fertilizer (borax) molydbenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate) copper fertilizer (copper sulphate) manganese fertilizer (manganese sulphate) selenium fertilizer (potassium selenite) water	0.01-3 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.0-3 0.001-0.3 1000	0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.0012-0.36 1200	0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.015-4.5 15000

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

1, the field is selected

Raspberry can be for reference at desertificated area cultivation rawness, thereby will follow easy first and difficult later principle.First subhumid (precipitation is 400-500mm) or semiarid region (200-400mm) cultivation.The intersection in two districts is that precipitation is 400mm, and precipitation of the present invention is foundation with 400mm.Also should have irrigation conditions.

2, plant period

Spring and autumn all can, the present invention elects spring planting as.Under the prerequisite that nursery stock does not sprout, to plant evening to good.

3, planting hole

Strip planting and bunch planting dual mode are arranged.This patent is the example explanation with the bunch planting.0.8 meter of clump distance, 1.2 meters of line-spacings.Each planting pit is that 0.4m is dark, and length and width are 0.4m, every clump of 3-5 strain, average out to 4 strains.Dug planting hole by above-mentioned requirements.

4, farmyard manure

Every cave farmyard manure 4kg, i.e. every clump of raspberry 4kg farmyard manure, average every strain raspberry is executed the 1kg farmyard manure.Farmyard manure wants quality good, and slaking is good could be used.

5, water-loss reducer

Every clump of raspberry is used water-loss reducer 40g, and average every strain has the 10g water-loss reducer.

6, the raspberry special microelement mixes fertile every mu of fertilizing amount prescription

Prescription: zinc sulphate 1.5kg

Borax 0.5kg

Ammonium molybdate 0.2kg

Copper sulphate 2kg

Manganese sulphate 3kg

Potassium selenite 0.2kg

Add up to 7.4kg

Composite fertilizer be fairly large composite, levigate, mix.Weigh up 7.4kg here when using, use for 0.07 hectare.Every cave is 8.88g, and in order to simplify, every cave 9g makes a special container, gets once just in time 9g, or takes by weighing 9g with platform balance, installs standby with small plastic bag.

7, batch mixing

With water-loss reducer 40g, trace element mixes fertile 9g and the 10kg sandy soil mix, and can carry out in iron plate or iron pan.Then with said mixture and farmyard manure, sandy soil (about 200-300kg) mixing.

8, implant the raspberry seedling

Half moves in the planting hole with above-mentioned compound, and 24 hours raspberry seedlings of water logging are implanted in the planting hole, and root will fully launch, and the depth is moderate, then remaining batch mixing is inserted.4 strain raspberry seedlings are arranged in every cave.4 strain saplings evenly distribute in planting hole.Tread then, water, necessarily water sufficient water.After water all infiltrates, lid layer surface dust again, about 5cm is thick.Impale the high cob wall of about 10cm around the cave, water flows away when preventing to rain.

9, topdress

Topdress and all will carry out every year.Chase after urea 225kg/hm after the rudiment in spring ²After yielding positive results, execute 2 hypophosphorous acid, two ammoniums and potassium sulphate, each consumption 300kg/hm ²And 150kg/hm ², in time water after executing.Apply fertilizer 60000kg/hm after autumn ², 12500 clumps of every land measures equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast, 50000 strains, i.e. 12500 clumps/hm ²Execute how many fertilizer once knowing for every clump.Necessarily note other during fertilising the water-loss reducer damage layer.The surface dust (thick approximately 5cm) that does not contain water-loss reducer to be removed during fertilising, dig the 20cm-30cm dell at distance plant 20cm place and topdress.The soil that digs out will be placed on the iron plate, replaces after topdressing again, and covers surface dust again.

10, irrigate

Because the water-loss reducer effect is arranged, the normal time need not irrigate in addition.Must must not miss opportunity when needing to irrigate according to situation on the spot.

11, chasing after trace element mixes fertile

All will carry out every year.Do not adopt root to topdress, adopt spray leaf fertilizer.It is as follows that the raspberry special microelement mixes fertile (spray-on process) every mu of fertilizing amount prescription:

Zinc sulphate 0.5kg

Borax 0.2kg

Ammonium molybdate 0.07kg

Copper sulphate 0.7kg

Manganese sulphate 1kg

Potassium selenite 0.07kg

Water 1000kg

Behind the above-mentioned material dissolution, leaven is executed in spraying.Above-mentioned fertilizer amount is 1 mu of usefulness, and promptly 833 clumps of raspberries are used.

12, other management

Stand is drawn and is tied up, and trimming beta pruning, winter protection are survived the winter, intertill and clean tillage and preventing disease and pest are equal to the raspberry normal management.Referring to relevant document.

Because various places soil regime difference all has a miniature reservoir of special-purpose raspberry (retaining can reach 10kg) in order to make every strain raspberry, can adopt following method.

Mixing method is different from embodiment 1.Embodiment is as follows:

The planting hole size mixes little fertilizer of water-loss reducer 40g, 9g and 40kg sandy soil with embodiment 1.And then farmyard manure and sandy soil mixed, half applies in the planting hole with it, four strain raspberries is evenly distributed implant in the planting hole, puts into 10kg and contain water-loss reducer, sandy soil that trace is fertile around every strain raspberry root.Can form " the miniature reservoir " that contains 10kg water after these sandy soil, and then second half sandy soil that will contain farmyard manure are inserted in the planting hole.Notice that the raspberry root system fully launches, the depth is moderate.Tread, water.Water covers surface dust after oozing well again.Other behaviour does all with embodiment 1.

Claims (6)

1. red raspberry cultivation technique in desertificated area, the cultivation cave is 12500/hm ², the farmyard manure 4kg that whenever spreads manuer in holes, the water-loss reducer 25g-50g that whenever spreads manuer in holes, trace element mixes fertile 9g.Chase after little spray-on process fertilising of adopting when fertile.

2. according to claim 1, following requirement is proposed:

Raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula.

Table 1 raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula (base manure is used)

Title Consumption (kg/ mu) Consumption (g/ clump) Consumption (kg/hm ²) Zinc fertilizer (zinc sulphate) boron fertilizer (borax) molydbenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate) copper fertilizer (copper sulphate) manganese fertilizer (manganese sulphate) selenium fertilizer (potassium selenite) 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.01-10 0.0110 0.001-1 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.012-12 0.0012-1.2 0.15150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.15-150 0.015-15.

3. according to claim 2, following requirement is proposed:

The raspberry special microelement mixes fertile every mu of fertilizing amount prescription.

Zinc sulphate 1.5kg borax 0.5kg ammonium molybdate 0.2kg

Copper sulphate 2kg manganese sulphate 3kg potassium selenite 0.2kg

Add up to 7.4kg

。

4. according to claim 1, following requirement is proposed:

Raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula (spraying fertilising)

Table 2 raspberry special microelement mixing fertilizer formula (spraying fertilising)

Title Consumption (kg/ mu) Consumption (g/ clump) Consumption (kg/hm ²) Zinc fertilizer (zinc sulphate) boron fertilizer (borax) molydbenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate) copper fertilizer (copper sulphate) manganese fertilizer (manganese sulphate) selenium fertilizer (potassium selenite) water 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.01-3 0.001-0.3 1000 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.012-3.6 0.0012-0.36 1200 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 0.15-45 15000.

5. according to claim 4, following requirement is proposed:

The raspberry special microelement mixes fertile (spray-on process) every mu of fertilizing amount prescription.

Zinc sulphate 0.5kg borax 0.2kg ammonium molybdate 0.07kg

Copper sulphate 0.7kg manganese sulphate 1kg potassium selenite 0.07kg

Water 1000kg.

6. according to claim 1, following requirement is proposed:

Water-loss reducer and sandy soil intermixture 1: 100-1: 10000.

Water-loss reducer mixes ratio commonly used with sandy soil be 1: 1000.