CN101213060B - 具有受控的材料进料的快速原型系统 - Google Patents

具有受控的材料进料的快速原型系统 Download PDF

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CN101213060B
CN101213060B CN2006800241656A CN200680024165A CN101213060B CN 101213060 B CN101213060 B CN 101213060B CN 2006800241656 A CN2006800241656 A CN 2006800241656A CN 200680024165 A CN200680024165 A CN 200680024165A CN 101213060 B CN101213060 B CN 101213060B
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约瑟夫·爱德华·拉博斯埃里
马文·E·埃思黑尔曼
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Abstract

一种沉积成型系统，装有驱动机构(10)，所述驱动机构用于供给细丝束(38)以形成模型。所述驱动机构(10)包括：枢转块(16)，所述枢转块(16)可旋转地连接到固定块(14)上；和电机(12)，所述电机(12)旋转驱动轴(46)。驱动辊(26)连接到驱动轴(46)上，并且惰辊(30)连接到惰轴(32)上，所述惰轴(32)在大致垂直于枢转块(16)相对于固定块(14)的旋转方向上并大体上平行于驱动轴(46)的方向上从枢转块(16)延伸。

Description

具有受控的材料进料的快速原型系统
技术领域
本发明涉及使用以挤出为基础的分层制造技术制造三维物体。更具体地，本发明涉及利用供给驱动机构的沉积成型系统，所述供给驱动机构容纳各种直径的细丝，本发明更有效地控制细丝的移动并更容易维护和修理。
背景技术
三维模型用于包括美学判断、证明数学计算机辅助涉及(CAD)模型、形成硬质工具、研究干扰和空间分布(interference and space allocation)以及试验功能性的功能。挤出为基础的分层制造机器根据由CAD系统提供的设计数据，通过从在预定图案中的挤出头挤出可固化的成型材料建造三维模型。或者是液体或者是固体成型材料的进料被供给到挤出头。一种技术用于以细丝束的形式供给成型材料。在成型材料的进料为固体形式的情况下，液化器使得该进料为可流动的温度以便于沉积。
用于制造三维物体的以挤出为基础的设备和方法披露在Valavaara的美国专利No.4749347、Crump的美国专利No.5121329、Crump的美国专利No.5340433、Crump等人的美国专利No.5503785、Danforth等人的美国专利No.5900207、Batchelder等人的美国专利No.5764521、Batchelder等人的美国专利No.5968561、Dahlin等人的美国专利No.6022207、Stuffle等人的美国专利No.6067480以及Batchelder等人的美国专利No.6085957中，所有这些专利都转让给斯特拉塔西斯公司(Stratasys，inc.)，即本发明的受让人。
在采用细丝供给的成型机器中，成型材料作为缠绕在卷轴上的柔性细丝被装入机器中，这例如披露在美国专利No.5121329中。当固化时利用足够的粘结剂粘附到前面的层上并且可以作为柔性材料供给的可固化的材料用作成型材料。包括液化器和分配喷嘴的挤出头接收细丝，在液化器中熔化细丝，并将熔化的成型材料从喷嘴中挤出到包含在建筑封套(buildenvelope)内的基部上。成型材料一层一层地挤出在由CAD模型限定的区域内。被挤出的材料熔合到先前沉积的材料上并固化以形成表现(或类似)该CAD模型的三维物体。在建造由温度降低时热固化的成型材料制成的模型中，建筑封套优选是在沉积期间被加热到刚好低于成型材料的固化温度，然后被逐渐冷却以从材料释放应力的腔室。如美国专利No.5866058中所披露的，此方法使得模型在建造时消除模型的应力，从而完成的模型是无应力的并且具有非常小的变形。
在通过沉积可固化材料形成三维物体中，支撑层或结构在下面建造伸出部分或建造在建造中不由模制材料本身支撑的物体的空腔内。例如，如果物体是地下洞穴的内部的模型且洞穴原型由底到顶构造，钟乳石将需要临时支撑直到顶部完成。利用相同的沉积技术和设备可以建造支撑结构，且成型材料通过该沉积技术和设备被沉积。在适当的软件控制下的设备产生作为用于正在形成的物体的伸出或自由空间部分的支撑结构的另外的几何形状。支撑材料或者由在成型设备中的分开的分配头沉积，或者由沉积成型材料的相同的分配头沉积。支撑材料选择为将在构造期间粘附到成型材料上并且可以从完成的物体上移除。已知成型材料和支撑材料的各种组合，例如在美国专利No.5503785中披露的。
在当前技术的Stratasys FDM
Figure 2006800241656_0
三维成型机器(如在上述专利中披露的，其采用细丝供给)中，包绕在线轴上的成型细丝卷通过将卷安装到轴上而装入机器内。细丝由热塑性或蜡材料制成。通过由低摩擦系数材料制成的导向管，使用者可以手动供给细丝束，将细丝从卷上解开直到细丝束到达在挤出头出的一对电机驱动的供给辊。相反，一系列供给辊可以利用并定位在细丝的卷或源的开始，沿供给通道并最终在挤出头处进给在成型机器内的细丝束。需要进给、驱动或供给细丝束的力可以大体上时常需要多达大约20磅的推力。
细丝束最终由供给辊进给到由挤出头承载的液化器内。在液化器内，细丝被加热到可流动的温度。当供给辊继续将细丝进给到挤出头内时，进来的细丝束的力将可流动的材料从分配头中挤出，在分配头处，可流动的材料被沉积到可移除地安装在建筑平台上的衬底上。从喷嘴挤出的材料的流量是细丝进给到头部的速度以及分配喷嘴孔板的尺寸的函数。在液化器中也会存在污物部分，并且这些污物部分与细丝一起从喷嘴中挤出。基于污物部分的尺寸，污物部分可以局部或完全堵塞喷嘴，这形成比液化器中的正常压力水平大大约4-5倍的很大的压力峰值。在此压力峰值期间，供给辊必须能够继续驱动细丝。
控制器控制挤出头在水平x、y平面内移动，控制建筑平台在垂直z方向上移动，并控制供给辊将细丝进给到头部内的速度。通过同时控制这些处理变量，成型材料以希望的流速以“珠子”或“线路”一层一层地沉积在由CAD模型限定的区域内。分配的成型材料在冷却时固化以形成三维固态物体。
为了控制器适当控制挤出头的移动以形成希望的限定的三维固态物体，供给辊必须以预定速度且细丝没有滑动地恒定地供给或驱动细丝。在供给辊中细丝的滑动在尽管供给辊旋转但是细丝没有以希望的速度进给时出现。细丝滑动导致供给到挤出头的成型材料减少，这又导致用于在限定的时间和位置建造希望的三维模型的成型材料减少。这会导致三维模型的建造不成功，即在建筑过程中，三维模型不是完好地构造为所设计的部分或由于缺少成型材料而会变形。
为了防止细丝滑动，供给辊由尿烷制造并安装在固定的轴上以压向细丝束和进给或驱动细丝束。然而，时间和由供给辊驱动的细丝束的直径的变化引起尿烷供给辊上的磨损，这最终导致供给辊不能将充分的压力施加在细丝束上以便在变化的条件下恒定地进给细丝束。特别地，当用于进给细丝所需要的推力达到20磅的压力时，该压力经常会超出尿烷供给辊能够施加到细丝上的力的大小，这导致细丝滑动并且甚至根本没有以希望的速度进给。
由此，存在提供一种对用于容纳具有变化的直径的细丝、同时更加有效地驱动供给辊以进给细丝的驱动装置的需要。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种沉积成型系统，所述沉积成型系统利用驱动机构以供给细丝束而形成模型。所述驱动机构包括枢转块和旋转驱动轴的电机，该枢转块可旋转地连接到固定块上。驱动辊连接到驱动轴上并且惰辊连接到惰轴上，该惰轴在大体上垂直于枢转块相对于固定块旋转的方向上以及平行于驱动轴的方向上从枢转块延伸。驱动辊进一步包括围绕它的外圆周表面的沟道，所述沟道包括用于驱动细丝束的一系列齿。
一种使用在沉积成型系统中的驱动机构，用于接收细丝束并且在希望的方向上控制细丝的运动，驱动机构包括：固定块，固定块具有在固定块内延伸的孔，并且还包括从固定块的侧壁延伸的部件和从部件延伸的孔；枢转块，枢转块具有与固定块的孔对准的通孔，并且还包括延伸通过固定块的孔的枢转轴以能够转动地连接枢转块到固定块；紧固件，紧固件延伸穿过枢转块的通孔并进入固定块的孔内；旋转驱动轴的电机，驱动轴大致平行于固定块的孔；弹簧，弹簧由坚固件保持在枢转的通孔中，弹簧被构造以偏置枢转朝向固定块；连接到驱动轴的驱动辊；惰轴，惰轴在大体上垂直于枢转块的旋转方向并且平行于驱动轴的方向上从枢转块延伸；和惰辊，惰辊安装在惰轴上，从而惰辊能够自由旋转并且其外轮缘与驱动辊的外轮缘相对。
附图说明
图1是图示使用分层挤出技术形成的模型及其支撑结构的视图；
图2A和2B分别是本发明的实施例的组装透视图和分解透视图；
图3是图2A中的截面3-3的前剖视图；
图4是沿图2A中的4-4局部剖开的前剖视图；
图5是沿图2A中的截面5-5的前剖视图；
图6是剖视俯视图，且完全示出了在图2A中的截面6-6中的部分；
图7是图6中的剖视俯视图的局部放大视图；
图8是本发明的驱动辊的实施例的侧视图；
图9是图8中的截面9-9的前剖视图；
图10是图9中的前剖视图的局部放大视图；
图11是使用在在先技术的细丝驱动机构中的在先技术供给辊的侧视图；和
图12是图11中的截面12-12的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1中示出类型的沉积成型系统来描述本发明。图1显示了根据本发明的挤出设备1，该挤出设备1建造由支撑结构3支撑的模型2。挤出设备1包括挤出头4、材料接收基部5和材料供给件6。挤出头4相对于基部5在X和Y方向上移动，而基部5在垂直方向Z上移动。材料供给件6将材料的进料供给到挤出头4上。在所述的实施例中，材料的固态进料被供给到挤出头4，并在由挤出头4承载的液化器7中被熔化。液化器7加热进料材料到稍微高于其固化点的温度，这将进料材料还原到熔化的状态。熔化的材料通过液化器7的喷嘴8被挤出到基部5上。
挤出头4的移动受到控制从而以多个通道和多层将材料沉积到基部5上以建造三维模型2，并且在建造模型2时进一步建造限定成物理支撑模型2的支撑结构3。模型2和它的支撑结构3在建筑腔室(没有示出)内建造在基部5上，所述建筑腔室具有控制成促进热固化的环境。沉积材料的第一层粘附到基部5上，从而形成基础，同时随后的材料层彼此粘附。
成型材料M被分配以形成模型2，且支撑材料S根据成型材料M的分配被分配以形成支撑结构3。为了方便，挤出设备1显示为仅仅具有一个材料供给件6。但应该理解的是，在本发明的实践中，成型材料M和支撑材料S作为来自分开的材料供给件的分开的材料进料提供给挤出设备1。挤出设备1然后可适合两种不同材料的分配，通过：(1)提供两个挤出头，以供供给有成型材料M，而另一个供给有支撑材料(如在Batchelder的美国专利No.5968561中披露的)；(2)提供既供给有成型材料M又供给有支撑材料S的单个挤出头4，且单个喷嘴8用于分配这两种材料(如在Crump的美国专利No.5121329的图6中示出的)；或(3)提供供给有两种材料的单个挤出头，且每一种材料通过分开的喷嘴8分配(如在Crump等人的美国专利No.5503785的图6中示出的)。
在上述实施例中，成型材料M和支撑材料S从挤出头4在多个水平层上沉积为大体上连续的“路径”，并以固态的形式被供给到挤出头。本发明旨在改进由材料供给件6提供到挤出设备1中的挤出头4的进料的输送。
本发明的驱动机构10的实施例显示在图2A和2B中。驱动机构10由挤出设备1的挤出头4承载以接收和进给由材料供给件6提供的材料的进料。驱动机构10包括电机12、固定块14和枢转块16。电机12和固定块14由一系列的紧固件被固定到电机安装板17上。枢转块16由枢轴18可旋转地连接到固定块14上，所述枢轴18容纳在从固定块14延伸的部件22的洞孔20内。紧固件24(例如螺栓)通过枢转块16并固定到固定块14上。紧固件24穿过枢转块16内的通孔56并且固定在固定块14的带螺纹的孔58内。紧固件24使得弹簧60处于通孔56内。
固定块14包括驱动辊或轮26，所述驱动辊26安装在驱动轴28上。驱动轴28从固定块14大体上平行于容纳枢轴18的洞孔20延伸。驱动辊26具有外圆周表面34。
惰辊或轮30安装在惰轴32上，所述惰轴32从枢转块16延伸。惰辊30包括上圆周表面36。惰轴32大体上平行于驱动轴28和枢轴18。惰轴32相对于驱动轴28定位从而惰辊30的外表面与驱动辊26的外表面相对。
细丝束38代表由材料供给件6提供的材料的进料。细丝束38由漏斗40定向成处于驱动辊26的外表面34和惰辊36的外表面36之间。漏斗40可以固定到固定块14上以将细丝束38引导到驱动辊26和惰辊30之间。细丝束38然后由驱动辊26和惰辊30引导到由挤出头4承载的液化器7，在液化器7处细丝束38被加热到熔化状态并通过喷嘴8被挤出以建造模型2。
一系列齿轮42使得电机12能够旋转驱动轴28以旋转驱动辊26。在本发明的实施例中，该系列齿轮42包括固定到电机12的输出驱动轴46上的驱动齿轮44。驱动齿轮44延伸通过电机安装板17。驱动齿轮44与从动齿轮46相互啮合。驱动轴28从从动齿轮46延伸以旋转驱动辊26。
驱动轴28通过在电机安装板17内的孔和固定块14的第二孔。可以使用本领域普通技术人员已知的一套轴承或其它可选技术作为驱动轴28和固定块14之间的接合部位。驱动轴28从固定块14延伸出以接收安装在其上的驱动辊26。驱动辊26可以通过本领域普通技术人员已知的任何技术固定到驱动轴28上，例如通过压配合。
惰轴32从枢转块16延伸并允许惰辊30自由旋转。固定器48(例如速度螺母)可以用来将惰辊30固定到惰轴32上。
驱动辊26的外表面34优选包括沟道55。在沟道55内形成了用于接触细丝束38的一系列齿52，以便在希望的方向上进给细丝束38。
惰辊30的外表面36可以由416cd不锈钢制造并且可以包括与驱动辊26的沟道50对准并相对的槽54。
在一个实施例中，电机12是精确伺服电机。然而，本领域普通技术人员将认识到也可以使用可选的电机，例如装有旋转编码器的电机。尽管电机12的输出驱动轴45可以用作驱动轴28，图2A和2B中示出的驱动机构10的实施例使用一系列齿轮42，该一系列齿轮42的从动齿轮46大于驱动齿轮44。较大的从动齿轮46使得能够对驱动轴28的旋转量进行更大的控制，因此对驱动辊26施加更大的控制。
驱动辊26的外表面34和惰辊30的外表面36形成用于接触并压向或挤压向细丝束38的辊隙(nip)，以便通过驱动辊26的旋转在希望的方向上进给或驱动细丝束38。将槽54定位成与沟道50相对有助于当细丝束38被压在或挤压在驱动辊26与惰辊30之间时维持接触并对准细丝束38。槽也有助于将对着细丝束38的压力施加在与沟道50中的一系列齿52相对的侧面上。此压力有助于将细丝束38嵌入到一系列齿52内，以便在希望的方向上进给细丝束38。
图3和4图示了枢转块16相对于固定块14的旋转。图3和4分别为沿图2A中的截面3-3和4-4的驱动机构10的前剖视图。在图3中，枢转块16图示处于其与固定块14接触的偏压位置。在此位置，驱动辊26和惰辊30之间的距离最小。在图4中，枢转块16远离固定块14枢转，并增加驱动辊26语言惰辊30之间的距离。
如图3中所示，枢转块16的通孔56在它的外边缘上具有较大的半径，且沿它的邻接固定块14的内边缘具有较小的半径，以形成肩部62。通孔56的内径允许紧固件24通过它，然而，肩部62接触弹簧60并将弹簧60置于肩部62与紧固件24的头部之间。一旦紧固件24固定到固定块14的带螺纹的孔58中，弹簧60就压向肩部62，从而将枢转块16偏压向固定块14。如果通过驱动辊26和惰辊30之间的细丝束38足够大，它将自动克服由弹簧60形成的施加在肩部60上的力，并使得枢转块16围绕枢转18远离固定块14旋转。
图4图示了从固定块14旋转开的枢转块16。当枢转块16从固定块14远离地枢转时，弹簧60继续将压力施加在枢转块16上并且将枢转块16向固定块14偏压。将枢转块16朝向固定块14偏压也可以将惰轴32和惰辊30分别朝向驱动轴28和驱动辊26偏压。这导致惰辊30将连续的压力施加在细丝束38上以进入驱动辊26的一系列齿52上。
当枢转块16旋转离开固定块14时，因为将枢轴18放置在大体上与驱动轴28和惰轴32平行的方向上，驱动辊26与惰辊30之间的距离增加了。这导致枢转块16围绕枢轴18的旋转方向大体上垂直于驱动轴28和惰轴32。固定到固定块14上的紧固件24限制枢转块16从固定块14的旋转量。枢转块16远离固定块的旋转范围在大约0度-15度之间，由此允许细丝束38的卷的直径厚度在大约0.040至0.100英寸之间。通过允许惰轴32相对于枢轴18旋转更多的量，可以增加细丝束38的直径的范围。这可以通过使用更长的紧固件24或将惰辊32进一步远离枢轴18或通过其它本领域中普通技术人员已知的技术而实现。
图5是沿图2A中的截面5-5的前剖视图。图5标示(突出)了缝隙A，所述缝隙A形成了由一系列齿52产生的沟道50的底部与槽54的底部之间的辊隙。在本发明的一个实施例中，当枢转块16远离驱动块14旋转时由缝隙A所代表的辊隙的宽度可以在0.059至0.109英寸之间变化。然而，本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，当枢转块16的旋转范围被调整时，由缝隙A所代表的辊隙可以被调整以便容纳不同直径的细丝束38。当驱动辊26和惰辊30进给细丝束38时，所述细丝束38通过缝隙A或辊隙。更具体地，当将细丝束38被导出漏斗40时，细丝束38被置于或夹紧在驱动辊26的沟道50内的一系列齿52与惰辊30的槽54之间。尽管惰辊30在自由旋转的同时，但是当其绕惰轴32旋转时将压力施加到与一系列齿52相对的侧面上的细丝束38上。惰辊30将细丝束38压到一系列齿52内并且允许驱动辊26在希望的方向上进给细丝束38。由于惰辊30在细丝束38上的压缩，一系列齿52可以夹紧或咬入细丝束38的相对侧并且控制其进给。
一系列齿52接触细丝束38并且部分嵌入细丝束38中。这由沿细丝束38的外表面的记号(tics)64图示。在一个实施例中，一系列齿52咬入或嵌入大约0.009英寸以产生记号64(在由斯特拉塔西斯公司制造的标准ABS成型或建筑材料中)。在此实施例中，这导致一系列齿52接触细丝束38的位置与槽54之间的距离对于在大约0.040至0.100英寸之间的细丝束直径的典型范围而言为大约0.031至0.091英寸。然而，本领域普通技术人员将认识到一系列齿52咬入或嵌入到细丝束38内的距离可以根据细丝的类型、细丝的硬度、细丝的直径以及齿52的尖锐度或高度而变化。
标记64代表一系列齿52对细丝束38的牵引点。相较于先前获得的牵引量，一系列齿52提供了对细丝束38的更大的牵引量。在细丝束38与一系列齿52之间的牵引力的增加允许驱动辊26以更大的力进给细丝束38并使得驱动辊26大体上避免了刮削或切下细丝束38的部分。这还导致本发明的细丝驱动机构10能够恒定地提供高达24磅的推力到细丝束38上，且没有破坏或刮削细丝束。结果，驱动机构10能够更好地控制对细丝束38的输送。
图6是剖视俯视图，且完全示出了在图2A中的截面6-6中的部分。如图6中所示，细丝束38的置于驱动辊26与惰辊30之间。惰辊30提供压向细丝束38的压力以将细丝束38压向位于驱动辊26的沟道50内的一系列齿52上。
图7提供了置于驱动辊26与惰辊30之间的细丝束38的放大视图。图7图示了一系列齿52沿线段B咬入并接触细丝束38。在细丝束38的相对侧上的线段B之间的最小距离优选地大于细丝束38的直径的大约1/10。此距离被作为距离D。维持线段B之间的最小距离在细丝束38的直径的大约1/10保证了细丝束38在两侧接触一系列齿52并且细丝束38没有达到最低点(bottomout)且没有仅沿沟道52的底部接触一系列齿52。
图7也图示了当细丝束38位于沟道50内时惰辊30的槽54如何进一步帮助将连续的压力施加在细丝束38上，以及惰辊30的槽54如何防止细丝束从沟道50中滑动或滑移。
图8是驱动辊26的侧视图。沟道50显示为沿外圆周大体上居中。一系列齿52沿沟道50形成而产生大致V形的形状。为了增加耐久性，辊优选由金属制成且由416cd不锈钢制造。在本发明的实施例中，驱动辊26沿它的外表面34的宽度大致在0.245与0.255英寸之间(优选为0.250英寸)，并且沟道宽度在大约0.084与0.114英寸之间(优选为0.089英寸)，且直径大致为0.550英寸。
图9是沿图8中的截面9-9的驱动辊26的剖视图。如图9中所示，沟道50沿驱动辊26的圆周延伸。一系列齿52也沿圆周特别是沿沟道50的基部被更清晰地示出。沟道50的深度以及驱动辊26旋转的速度将一起确定细丝束38被进给并供给到液化器的速度。沟道50的深度可以直接或间接测量。保证恒定的深度的技术用于沟道50，通过使用放置到沟道50内的铬球66(直径0.0625±0.0001英寸)。球66停留在由相连的齿52形成的穴上(如图9中所示)以测量驱动辊26的直径与球66之间的距离。对于在每一个相邻的齿52之间的每一个穴，距离C应该维持大体上恒定，以维持驱动辊26的可预知的和恒定的旋转速度。驱动辊26恒定的旋转速度对于控制细丝束38的供给速度是很重要的。
图10显示了图9中图示的剖视图的一部分的放大视图。如图10中所示，一系列齿52被更清楚地显示。一系列齿52和沟道40可以通过本领域普通技术人员所知的各种技术制造，例如通过使用具有大约0.020英寸的导向钻头(pilot drill tip)的3/0×60度定心钻(center drill)。一系列齿52通过沿径向线钻孔而形成，且相邻的径向线形成在大约8度至15度之间的角度E。一系列齿52被产生以在相邻齿之间形成大约60度的角度A。然而，此角度可以在大约55度至85度的范围之间变化，并且仍将获得大约20磅的希望的推力。沟道50的宽度和深度被设定成将细丝束38容纳在沟道50内，从而沿沟道50的侧面而不是它的基部的一系列齿52接触细丝束38。在相邻的齿52之间的交叉的边缘也大致没有清理毛刺以维持一系列锐利的齿52。一系列齿52由此能够咬入或夹紧细丝束38，并获得更好的牵引以利用更大的力在希望的方向上进给细丝束38，且没有滑动、刮削或破坏细丝束38。
沿一系列齿52的边缘咬入细丝束38的一系列齿52的齿廓代表对图示在图11和12中的在先技术齿廓的显著改进。图11提供了带齿的供给辊100的侧视图，该供给辊100试图克服与尿烷供给辊相关的磨损和滑动问题。带齿的供给辊100包括一系列齿102，该一系列齿102沿在供给辊100的外圆周表面106上的沟道104形成。
图12显示了沿带齿的金属供给辊100的图11中的截面12-12的俯视剖视图。细丝束108在图12中以虚线示出。如从图12中可以看见的，一系列齿102沿单个齿廓在沟道104附近的外边缘抓紧细丝束108，且细丝束108与一系列齿102之间为最小接触。如图11和12中所图示的一对带齿的供给辊100需要试图提供足够的力以如所希望的进给细丝束108。
一系列齿102试图沿它们靠近沟道104的顶部边缘咬入细丝束108。这导致当细丝束108通过该对供给辊100时，一系列齿102易于刮掉、削去或刮削细丝。在双带齿的供给辊100的情况下，当需要继续驱动细丝束108的推力达到18磅时，也易于出现细丝滑动的现象。细丝滑动也通常会导致从细丝束108刮掉或刮削细丝。细丝件或刮削屑易于使得细丝沿一系列齿102或在挤出头或成型机器的其他部分附近出现不希望的堆积。细丝堆积使得成型机器性能恶化或可以潜在地损坏成型机器或不利地影响它的性能。
与供给辊100或其它已知的在先技术的供给辊相比，驱动机构10能够接收更大直径范围的细丝，更易于制造和更易于维护，并且提供了对细丝束的更大的控制和驱动。尽管本发明已经参照优选实施例得到说明，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到，在不偏离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下，可以做出形式和细节上的改变。例如，在相邻的齿之间的角度可以变化，一系列齿切入其内的沟道的深度或者槽的深度也可以变化。另外，辊或轮可以由可选的材料制成，且本领域普通技术人员将认识到：一系列齿轮以及枢转块与固定块之间的枢转互连可以通过各种方式获得。

Claims (19)

1.一种使用在沉积成型系统中的驱动机构，用于接收细丝束并且在希望的方向上控制细丝的运动，所述驱动机构包括：
固定块，所述固定块具有在固定块内延伸的孔，并且还包括从所述固定块的侧壁延伸的部件和从所述部件延伸的孔；
枢转块，所述枢转块具有与固定块的孔对准的通孔，并且还包括延伸通过所述固定块的所述孔的枢转轴以能够转动地连接所述枢转块到所述固定块；
紧固件，所述紧固件延伸穿过枢转块的通孔并进入固定块的孔内；
旋转驱动轴的电机，所述驱动轴大致平行于所述固定块的所述孔；
弹簧，所述弹簧由所述坚固件保持在所述枢转的所述通孔中，所述弹簧被构造以偏置所述枢转朝向所述固定块；
连接到驱动轴的驱动辊；
惰轴，所述惰轴在大体上垂直于枢转块的旋转方向并且平行于驱动轴的方向上从枢转块延伸；和
惰辊，所述惰辊安装在惰轴上，从而所述惰辊能够自由旋转并且其外轮缘与驱动辊的外轮缘相对。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中一系列齿轮将电机连接到驱动轴，从而使得电机能够旋转驱动轴。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述驱动轴延伸穿过固定块上的第二孔。
4.根据权利要求3中所述的驱动机构，其中轴承接合在驱动轴与固定块的所述第二孔之间。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述电机旋转驱动齿轮，所述驱动齿轮的齿与从动齿轮啮合，驱动轴从所述从动齿轮延伸。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的驱动机构，其中所述从动齿轮大于所述驱动齿轮。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述电机是精确伺服电机。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述电机进一步包括编码器。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述部件沿固定块的底部从与枢转块相对的侧壁延伸。
10.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述枢转块的通孔大体上垂直于所述驱动轴延伸，并且所述通孔具有在外边缘的直径和沿着邻近所述固定块的内边缘的较小直径，以产生肩部。
11.根据权利要求10中所述的驱动机构，其中所述固定块的孔包括带螺纹的孔。
12.根据权利要求11中所述的驱动机构，其中所述紧固件被固定在所述固定块的带螺纹的孔内以便将所述弹簧置于通孔的肩部与紧固件的顶部之间。
13.根据权利要求1中所述的驱动机构，其中所述驱动机构进一步包括在驱动辊与惰辊之间引导细丝束的导向器。
14.根据权利要求1所述的驱动机构，其中所述驱动辊包括：
辊，所述辊具有限定内表面的孔；
辊的外圆周表面，所述外圆周表面具有比内表面大的直径；
在内表面与外表面之间的一对侧壁；
在该对侧壁之间沿外表面的沟道，其中所述沟道包括一系列齿，从而沿通道的基部相邻的齿形成在55°与85°之间的角度。
15.根据权利要求14中所述的驱动辊，其中所述外表面具有在0.245与0.255英寸之间的宽度。
16.根据权利要求14中所述的驱动辊，其中所述沟道具有0.084和0.114英寸的宽度。
17.根据权利要求14中所述的驱动辊，其中所述辊具有0.550英寸的直径。
18.根据权利要求14中所述的驱动辊，其中在相邻的齿之间的径向线形成在8°与15°之间的角度。
19.根据权利要求1所述的驱动机构，其中所述驱动辊包括：
辊，所述辊具有限定内表面的孔；
辊的外圆周表面，所述外圆周表面具有比内表面大的直径；
在内表面与外表面之间的一对侧壁；
在该对侧壁之间沿外表面的沟道，其中所述沟道包括一系列齿，所述齿在细丝的相对侧上接触细丝束，从而在细丝的相对侧的接触点之间的最小距离大于细丝束的直径的十分之一。
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