CN101209014A - Tobacco grafting breeding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grafting and culturing method of tobacco, which carries out mutual grafting among the breeds under the three subgenera of ordinary tobacco, rustic tobacco and petunioides to cultivate new plants or new breeds, in particular to the K326 and Hongda in the cured tobacco types of the ordinary tobacco, the Huize rustic tobacco and big rustic tobacco in the rustic tobacco, the N.gossei Domin and the N.glutinosa Linnaeus in the wide tobacco. The tobacco breeds respectively make any pair and group grafting of parental stock and cion. The plants survived after grafting are carried out field transplant according to a conventional method. The invention creates the grafting and culturing mode among the breeds under the systematic units of each subgenus of tobacco, provides broad utilizing space for various tobacco resources that can not be directly planted by people, provides new technical selection for the existing breeding cultivation and also adds novel remediation approach for the cultivation during the seeding stage and the filed stage of tobacco.
Description
Technical field the invention belongs to grow tobacco a cultivation technology, particularly tobacco grafting breeding method.
Background technology is well-known, and tobacco belongs to Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae (Solanaeeae) cigarette and belongs to (Nicotiana) on Plant Taxonomy.Cigarette belongs to and to be divided into not only common tobacco (but also being safflower tobacco N.tabacum), Aztec tobacco (N.rustica) and three subgenus of green eastern tobacco (P.etuniodes) totally 66 kinds.Tame mainly is safflower tobacco and Nicotiniana rustica grass seeds (referring to the 197th page of " Yunnan tobacco cultivation " book, Science Press's in January, 2007 front page).People are in the tobacco cultivation process, owing to reasons such as continuous croppings, the cigarette strain tends to soil biography property disease and insect pests such as infected balck shank, root black rot, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), root knot nematode disease, cause cigarette strain dip-dye harm even death in various degree, cause the decline of yield of tobacco, quality, so total crop failure.Usually, solving continuous cropping obstacle can adopt crop rotation, soil disinfection, agricultural chemicals to irritate measures such as root.But the crop rotation processing time is long, and soil disinfection and agricultural chemicals filling root etc. not only causes residue of pesticide many, and contaminated soil and environment reduce the tobacco leaf safety, harm consumer health, and cost height.Simultaneously, for a long time a kind is used with a kind of agricultural chemicals this kind is developed immunity to drugs to this agricultural chemicals; Next is to adopt tobacco seed raising technology to cultivate anti-adversity ability and the strong good new varieties of resistant to diseases and insects.But this method also is long, an input height of cycle, the merit of certain kind that will need people and the anti-adversity ability of other kind with resistant to diseases and insects perfect adaptation be in the same place, it is a complicated system engineering, the quality that a kind usually occurs meets the demand of cigarette industry very much, but its disease resistance and resistance do not reach the phenomenon of requirement again.And through plantation for many years, disease resistance worm and the resistance that the improved seeds of institute's seed selection are original also can degenerate (certainly, this method also is the main method of the good disease-resistant variety of irreplaceable cultivation).
Grafting is breeding plant and the important method that keeps scion plant genetic stability, is widely used in breeding and cultivating of gardening, fruit tree, vegetables very early.Make to paste wood as in the cultivation of cucumber, adopting black seed pumpkin, avoided the generation of soil biography venereal disease insect pests such as cucumber fusarium axysporum, verticillium wilt, nematode, and because the black seed pumpkin well developed root system, low temperature resistant performance is good, the output of cucumber can increase more than 50%, and quality is better.But, not that any plant all is suitable for grafting cultivation, particularly carry out engrafting and cultivating and also do not have the pertinent literature report in the prior art for tobacco, whether two above cigarette strain graftings of kind exist affinity, present which type of long-living long characteristic after the grafting, how or the like diseases and insect pests resistance can not be predicted in advance.This problem studied and explore have great science and practical value.
Summary of the invention purpose of the present invention be exactly to propose a kind of in the tobacco kind between each kind, carry out the method for the new plant of engrafting and cultivating between each subgenus kind, and the compatibility height, tobacco soil is passed the strong heteroplastic graft combination of venereal disease insect pest resistivity, improve tobacco product, quality and safety, remedy the deficiencies in the prior art.
This tobacco grafting breeding method that the present invention proposes is characterized in that and will carry out mutual grafting between the kind under common tobacco, Aztec tobacco and three subgenus of Bi Dong tobacco, cultivates the plant or the new varieties that make new advances.
Particularly: K326 in the common tobacco flue-cured tobacco type and the big gold dollar of safflower (hereinafter to be referred as red big); Yunnan local kind meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette in the Aztec tobacco and big orchid cigarette; N.gosseiDomin in the wild tobacco and N.glutinosa Linnaeus.Have in these combinations and stride the subgenus level, have and stride kind of level, kind level in also having kind.This several do not belong to same subgenus or do not belong to a kind of or do not belong to kind in the tobacco bred of same kind, do stock and scion respectively arbitrarily to the group grafting.
K326 makes stock, and meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gosseiDomin do scion.
Can hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette make stock, red big, K326, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gossei Domin do scion.
Red your writing stock, meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gosseiDomin do scion.
N.gossei Domin makes stock, red big, K326, can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette does scion.
N.glutinosa Linnaeus makes stock, red big, K326, can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette does scion.
The stock grafting mouth will keep with a certain distance from root.Scion is the stem or the axillalry bud of band growing point, carries out with the various grafting methods of widespread usage.Measure management such as carry out certain insulation after the grafting, preserve moisture.Plant behind the grafting survival carries out field-transplanting according to a conventional method.
Advantage of the present invention is the engrafting and cultivating mode between each kind in having started between each subgenus of tobacco, between the variant kind, having planted, for still can not directly utilizing the various tobacco germplasm of cultivation, people provide the wide space that utilizes, for existing breeding cultivation technology has increased the new choice of technology, increased new remedial measure for the tobacco in seedling stage and the cultivation in land for growing field crops stage simultaneously.
Embodiment is according to above overall technological scheme, the inventor is the plant strain growth proterties after building the graft compatibility of water proving ground to each tobacco bred, grafting, aspect such as resistant to diseases and insects and increasing both production and income compares experiment, proves that there is general compatibility in the mutual grafting of tobacco.Not only in planting between each kind, very strong affinity is also arranged between each subgenus, the survival rate of grafting is all up to more than 99%, and with the kind prosperity of root system in other subgenus kind and this kind than scion, and the kind with soil biography venereal disease insect pests such as anti-balck shank, root black rot, tobacco root knot nematode disease, common mosaics is made stock, kind with these diseases of susceptible in the field production is done scion, and its cigarette strain diseases and insect pests resistance and anti-adversity ability, output and quality obviously improve.
Specific practice is: adopt the present comparatively tobacco floating seed rearing technology of extensive use to grow seedlings.Seeding and seedling raising is distinguished in stock and scion simultaneously, grafting time was stock and scion seedling age 45-55 days, cigarette seedling cane height 4-6cm, cane diameter 0.4-0.6cm, true leaf 5-7 sheet, stock otch adopt the method for connecing of warding off from root 6-10cm, remove the growing point of rootstock seedling, its main shaft one side (longitudinal axis) is split dark about 1～1.5cm from top to bottom with blade; The scion plumular axis removes root and two cotyledons from two more than the cotyledon, be whittled into wedge shape, and the long 1～1.5cm of bevel inserts scion and splits mouth, makes stock and scion surfacing, fixes or ties up tight getting final product with plastic film strip with Grafting clip.In time put into after connecing and float dish and cultivate, and hide, insulation, insulation.Grafting 3-5 days wound healing, ventilation and penetrating light and rich water quality management are noted in the healing back, take away Grafting clip after 7-10 days or bar is tied up in releasing, the high 8-10cm of cigarette strain stem, the thick 0.6_-0.8cm of stem of 15-20 days grafting survival, floating seedlings cigarette transplantation of seedlings technology is transplanted the land for growing field crops routinely.
Each grafting combination grafting 200 strains, reaching into after the seedling standard each grafting, to make up 20 strains be a processing, repeats to transplant the land for growing field crops three times, contrasts the scion own-rooted tree into each grafting combination, each contrasts 20 strains.
Confirm by the experimental observation contrast: select well developed root system for use, the anti-soil of itself tool passes the kind of venereal disease insect pest ability and does stock and itself the anti-native weak kind of venereal disease insect pest ability is carried out grafting do scion combination that passes, compare in the insect pest of opposing soil biography venereal disease with the own-rooted tree of scion own, the increasing both production and income aspect has clear superiority: common balck shank, the root black rot, root wiring parasitosis has reduced 80%-95%, and because scion has begun only to remove true leaf 2-4 sheet leaf in addition from rhizome portion, cigarette strain effective blade increases the 3-5 sheet than kind of own-rooted tree behind the transplant survival, so volume increase 3-20 kilogram per mu.Because unit are has increased output, so obtain identical output, every mu can be reduced land used 3-8% and (plant 100,000 mu of cigarettes as a cigarette district, the employing grafting method is transplanted, just can reduce kind of a cigarette ground 3000-8000 mu), under the situation that China has a large population and a few land, it is very significant actively to promote this technical method.Concrete test situation such as following table:
Group is to plant cultivating result after the grafting between tobacco bred
| The grafting scope | The grafting combination | Grafting strain number | Graft survival rate % | New plant characteristic | A situation arises for damage by disease and insect compared with the control (scion own-rooted tree) | Yield of tobacco increases situation (kilogram/mu) | |
| Stock | Scion | ||||||
| Between kind | K326 | Red big | 200 | 100 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 96%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 68%. | 18 |
| Red big | K326 | 200 | 100 | The high 7cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 82%.The root knot nematode disease incidence of disease increases by 65%. | 13 | |
| Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | Big orchid cigarette | 200 | 99 | The high 5cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 6%. | 8 | |
| Big orchid cigarette | Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | 200 | 99 | The high 5cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 4%. | 9 | |
| N.gossei Domin | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | 200 | 100 | The high 5cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | No significant difference | 4 | |
| Between kind | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | N.gossei Domin | 200 | 100 | The high 5cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | No significant difference | 5 |
| Different | K326 | Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | 200 | 99.5 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.3cm, the long 5.2cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.4cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical. | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 5%. | 15 |
| K326 | Big orchid cigarette | 200 | 99.5 | The high 9cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.3cm, the long 4.2cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.8cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | No significant difference. | 17 |
| The subgenus kind | K326 | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | 200 | 99.5 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.2cm, the long 4.3cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.3cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 5%. | 6 |
| K326 | N.gossei Domin | 200 | 99 | The high 7cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.1cm, the long 3.1cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.1cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 59%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 41%. | 5 | |
| Red big | Big orchid cigarette | 200 | 99 | The high 9cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.3cm, the long 4.3cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.2cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 77%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 46%. | 7 | |
| Red big | Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | 200 | 99 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.5cm, the long 4.1cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.4cm, every strain increase has | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 5%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 21%. | 5 |
| Between | Imitate 4 on leaf, other proterties is identical | ||||||
| Red big | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | 200 | 99 | The high 7cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.9cm, the long 3.4cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.1cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 97%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 71%. | 5 | |
| Red big | N.gossei Domin | 200 | 99 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.3cm, the long 3.4cm that increases of waist leaf, wide increase 1.2cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 96%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 63%. | 3 | |
| Big orchid cigarette | K326 | 200 | 99 | The high 3cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth reduces 0.6cm, and waist leaf length reduces 3.4cm, the few 1.0cm of reductions, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 14%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 19%. |
| Big orchid cigarette | Red big | 200 | 99 | The high 3cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth reduces 0.7cm, and waist leaf length reduces 3.5cm, the few 1.0cm of reductions, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | Balck shank reduces 27%, and root knot nematode disease reduces 38%. | ||
| Big orchid cigarette | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | 200 | 99 | The high 7cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.8cm, the long 3.8cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | Balck shank increases by 87%, and root knot nematode disease increases by 68%. | 4 | |
| Big orchid cigarette | N.gossei Domin | 200 | 99 | The high 6cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.6cm, the long 3.8cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.1cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | Balck shank increases by 87%, and root knot nematode disease increases by 68%. | 3 | |
| Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | Red big | 200 | 99 | The high 3cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth reduces 0.7cm, and waist leaf length reduces 3.5cm, the few 1.0cm of reductions, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, other property | Balck shank reduces 31%, and root knot nematode disease reduces 46%. |
| Shape is identical | |||||||
| Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | K326 | 200 | 99 | The high 3cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth reduces 0.6cm, and waist leaf length reduces 3.1cm, the few 1.0cm of reductions, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease increases by 35%, and the root-knot nematode incidence of disease is sick to increase by 23%. | ||
| Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | N.glutinosa Linnaeus | 200 | 99 | The high 7cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.7cm, the long 3.6cm that increases of waist leaf, wide increase 0.6cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | Balck shank increases by 91%, and root knot nematode disease increases by 72%. | 5 | |
| Blue meeting swamppink cigarette | N.gossei Domin | 200 | 99.5 | The high 6cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.6cm, the long 3.7cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 0.8cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease adds 81%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease increases by 62%. | 3 |
| N.glutinosa Linnaeus | Red big | 200 | 99.5 | The high 13cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.8cm, the long 5.1cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.6cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | Balck shank subtracts the incidence of disease and reduces 96%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 95%. | 16 | |
| N.glutinosa Linnaeus | K326 | 200 | 99.5 | The high 10cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.5cm, the long 4.2cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.7cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 96%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 93%. | 20 | |
| N.glutinosa Linnaeus | Big orchid cigarette | 200 | 99.5 | The high 9cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.2cm, the long 5.2cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.8cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 92%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 94%. | 8 |
| N.glutinosa Linnaeus | Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | 200 | 99.5 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 0.9cm, the long 3cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 0.7cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 95%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 91%. | 6 | |
| N.gossei Domin | Red big | 200 | 99.5 | The high 14cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.6cm, the long 6cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.8cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 96%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 91%. | 19 | |
| N.gossei Domin | K326 | 200 | 99.5 | The high 12cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.6cm, the long 5.2cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.8cm, every strain increases by 4 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 96%, and the root knot nematode disease incidence of disease reduces 92%. | 18 |
| N.gossei Domin | Big orchid cigarette | 200 | 99 | The high 9cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.2cm, the long 4.4cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.2cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The sick rate of balck shank reduces 98, and root knot nematode disease reduces 95% | 6 | |
| N.gossei Domin | Can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette | 200 | 99.5 | The high 8cm that increases of the average stem of cigarette strain, stem girth increases 1.1cm, the long 4.1cm that increases of waist leaf, the wide increase of leaf 1.3cm, every strain increases by 5 on effective leaf, and other proterties is identical | The balck shank incidence of disease reduces 97%, and root knot nematode disease reduces 94% | 7 |
The kind that relates in the table is referring to " Yunnan tobacco kind will " (1997, Science Press).
Claims (7)
1. a tobacco grafting breeding method is characterized in that and will carry out mutual grafting between the kind under common tobacco, Aztec tobacco and three subgenus of Bi Dong tobacco, cultivates the plant or the new varieties that make new advances.
2. tobacco grafting breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that K326 in the common tobacco flue-cured tobacco type and red big; Meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette in the Aztec tobacco and big orchid cigarette; N.gossei Domin in the wild tobacco and N.glutinosa Linnaeus, these tobacco breds do stock and scion respectively arbitrarily to the group grafting.
3. tobacco grafting breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that K326 makes stock, and meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gossei Domin do scion.
4. tobacco grafting breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that can hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette make stock, red big, K326, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gossei Domin do scion.
5. tobacco grafting breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that red your writing stock, and meeting hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette, N.glutinosa Linnaeus and N.gossei Domin do scion.
6. tobacco grafting breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that N.gossei Domin makes stock, red big, K326, can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette does scion; N.glutinosa Linnaeus makes stock, red big, K326, can the hirsute shiny bugleweed flower cigarette, big orchid cigarette does scion.
7. according to the described tobacco grafting breeding method of one of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that the stock grafting mouth keeps the above distance of 3cm from root, the stem or the axillalry bud of band growing point got in scion, and the plant behind the grafting survival carries out field-transplanting.
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| SU709039A1 (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1980-01-15 | Молдавский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Орошаемого Земледелия И Овощеводства | Method of increasing tomatine content in raw vegetables |
| CN1273002C (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2006-09-06 | 攀枝花市仁和区生产力促进中心 | Method for grafting solanum melongena L into solanum erianthum |
-
2007
- 2007-12-25 CN CN2007100665062A patent/CN101209014B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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