CN102498955B - Method for improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 - Google Patents
Method for improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498955B CN102498955B CN 201110388366 CN201110388366A CN102498955B CN 102498955 B CN102498955 B CN 102498955B CN 201110388366 CN201110388366 CN 201110388366 CN 201110388366 A CN201110388366 A CN 201110388366A CN 102498955 B CN102498955 B CN 102498955B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85, which includes: selecting a rose stock; using a seedling of the flue-cured tobacco Yuanyan 85 as a scion; budding for grafting in early April; maintaining a graft union of the stock 2-3cm away from a root, shaping a cut into a 'T', using axillary bud with a growing point as the scion, and transplanting a plant to a field after grafting succeeds. Originally, the rose and the flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 are subjected to distant hybridization, using grafting improves pest and disease resistance of new plants while the new plants have the characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco Yuanyan 85 and also have unique fragrance of the rose, and aroma amount and aroma quality of tobacco leaves are both improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method by the distant hybridization improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85.
Background technology
Cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars belong to Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae, Nicotiana in Plant Taxonomy, and the annual herb plant is the kind of K326 and No. 2 cross breedings of cloud and mist.Existing 10 years of the at present a large amount of plantations of China, the characteristic of kind each side all has variation to a certain degree, particularly continuous cropping and chemical fertilizer application too much cause the minimizing of cured tobacco leaf oil content, perfume quantity minimizing, fragrance matter to reduce, and quality of tobacco is descended, and industrial applicability is worth reduction.The common adopting process technical finesse of industrial enterprise improves cloud and mist 85 tobacco leaf industrial applicability as adding the methods such as perfume additive, but improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 is only and solves quality of tobacco one of the most direct way that descends.
As everyone knows, existing cultivation tobacco bred derives from the common relationship of minority, affiliation is nearer, and hereditary basis is poor, is difficult to therefrom select breakthrough kind, particularly produce the new varieties of the upper high fragrance of being badly in need of, low harm, multiresistance, high-quality, very few especially.Therefore, only utilize wild species in the Nicotiana and the crossbreeding between the cloud and mist 85, be difficult to realize above-mentioned target.If can transfer to the useful properties in not equal, the plant that belongs in cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, it should be the effective way that addresses this problem.But there is not yet successful report in the prior art, reason is to occur very easily that two inter breed crossings are not affine, hybrid easily dies young, sterile, hybrid generation separates greatly usually, is difficult for the stable technical barrier that waits.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 is provided, by the mode of distant hybridization, promote cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars fragrance, improve its resistance against diseases.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Except as otherwise noted, percentage of the present invention is percetage by weight.
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on following understanding: rose belongs to the rose family, Rosoideae, Rosa, is the perennial woody flower plant.Happiness sunlight, cold-resistant, drought-enduring more waterlogging, well developed root system does not have obvious main root yet, and horizontal branch is more, and stronger sprout tillers ability is arranged, and root turion can form independently plant.Flower is for aubergine, and is elegant in smell pure, strong sweet.Research finds that its odor characteristic and cloud and mist 85 have preferably complementarity, itself and cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is hybridized be expected to promote cloud and mist 85 Flue-cured tobacco Quality.
A kind of method of improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter in the rose more than 0.5 centimetre as stock, chose seedling age 45～55 days, the cloud and mist 85 Flue-cured Tobacco seedlings of the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm are as scion;
(2) grafting time: early April;
(3) grafting method: adopt bud grafting method to carry out grafting, concrete operation step is in bud grafting front 10 days, selected stock bottom is cut off far from the branch of ground more than 5～7 centimetres, selected scion is whittled into a peltate bud sheet wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, stock is cut into "T"-shaped, choose out " T " notched cut on the stock with budding knife, scion is inserted in the otch, with plastic tape or other bondage material bondage;
(4) connect rear management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts at once anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering; Carry out according to a conventional method afterwards field-transplanting.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is pioneering carries out distant hybridization with rose and cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, has promoted artificially the gene of different plant species gradually to blend interchange by grafting, thereby has created the tobacco bred that makes new advances.The successful Application of this invention will provide the good varieties of plant of characteristic and technical support to the fresh and sweet fragrant characteristic perfume material safeguards technique system of " cloud and mist " brand to create.
2, result of the test shows, cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobaccos and rose have very strong affinity, graft survival rate about 78%.
3, rose well developed root system, extensive to weather and Local Adaptation, improved the resistant to diseases and insects of new plant.
4, tobacco incense tolerance, fragrance matter all increase, and new plant has increased again the distinctive fragrance of rose except having cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristics.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment is not to be restriction to technical solution of the present invention.All all fall into protection scope of the present invention based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done.
Embodiment 1～2
The inventor is plant growth proterties, graft compatibility, resistant to diseases and insects and cured tobacco leaf quality comparative trial after grafting is carried out in flue-cured tobacco base, Milei County, Yunnan Province.
Table 1 test basic condition
Embodiment test operation step is as follows:
(1) select stock and scion: stock is chosen respectively four seasons rose and the rose variety in Pingyin, requires life in 2 years, grows healthy and strongly, and without damage by disease and insect, diameter is more than 0.5 centimetre; Cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars are selected in scion, require seedling age about 50 days, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm, and leaf bud is full, anosis worm infringement cigarette seedling.
(2) grafting time: grafting time is selected in early April to carry out, and this moment, meristematic cell was movable strong, and healing is fast, and survival rate is high.
(3) grafting method: adopt the bud grafting method grafting.
1. bud grafting is front about 10 days, selected stock bottom is cut off far from the branch of ground more than 5～7 centimetres, so that operation.
2. cut scion.The scion of bud grafting method the branch of giving birth to selected scion and is cut off blade bud, only stays petiole.First at selected 1 leaf bud of branch, the horizontal partial application of 0.5 centimeters above selected leaf bud, be about 0.8 centimetre, the again horizontal partial application of 1 centimeters below leaf bud, then the xylem of being close to branch with cutter from lower end crosscut place is upwards pruned, cut upper end crosscut place always, be whittled into a peltate bud sheet-scion wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.
3. cut stock.On the north of stock far from ground 2～3 centimeters, horizontal partial application is about 1 centimetre, the degree of depth to be to cut off the stock cortex as degree, more downward vertically partial application in the middle of horizontal mouthful is about 1～1.2 centimetre, is cut into "T"-shaped.Then choose out the stock cortex with budding knife bone handle, in order to inject scion.
4. the fringe of pegging graft.Choose out " T " notched cut on the stock with budding knife, scion is inserted in the otch.The petiole of scion will be up during insertion.After the insertion, make the scion upper end with the alignment of " T " font transverse incision, if scion is long, can cut from the upper end.
5. bondage.With plastic tape or other bondage material, from tie up the interface top, down twine gradually first, leaf bud and petiole will be stayed the outside.
(4) connect rear management.To check whether grafting survives 1 week after connecing.Come off if the petiole of scion bumps immediately with have gentle hands light one, the scion color of the leather is bud green, illustrates and takes over a job.If petiole does not fall, scion is withered, is exactly not take over a job, and needs to mend to connect.After surviving 10-15 days, bondage is removed, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, anvil cut at once when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering.The ground, garden of grafting seedling will in time weed with a hoe and the worm that prevents curing the disease is caused harm.
(5) points for attention: grafting knife want sharp and sterilization in case interface infect; The length thickness of buddering is moderate, stock, budders and will fit tightly, and colligation is wanted firmly, sealing; Will pour water and keep moistening in ground, garden before and after the grafting, but water can not soak and budders; It is rapid, accurate that the grafting process is wanted.
The embodiment result of the test is as follows:
1, plant cultivating result
Select respectively well developed root system, to weather and Local Adaptation widely the four seasons rose and the rose variety in Pingyin does stock and cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars are done the combination that grafting is carried out in scion, compare with the own-rooted tree of scion own, although Other Main Agronomic Characters is basically identical, but improved the resistant to diseases and insects of new plant, increased the adaptability of new plant, and graft survival rate is higher, and accordingly as can be known, test has feasibility.
Plant cultivating result after table 2 grafting
2, cured tobacco leaf quality condition
Choose respectively cloud and mist 85 and improve the breed (each 100 of B3F, C3F, X2F) is aesthetic quality's tobacco sample of smokeing panel test, the sensory evaluating smoking identifies by the judging panel with the certification of smokeing panel test, undertaken by standard " YC/T138-1998 tobacco and tobacco product ", each index gives respectively different score values by the quality scale of smokeing panel test.
The contrast of table 3 tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality
This result of the test shows, the tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality comprehensive of improving the breed score is higher than cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, illustrates that the tobacco leaf interior quality is better than former kind.All increase from improve the breed tobacco aroma quality, perfume quantity and excitant of single index, new plant has increased again the distinctive fragrance of four seasons rose except having cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristics.
3, flavor matter content situation
The flavor matter composition is numerous in the flue-cured tobacco, and content is lower, and some content is atomic.The composition of these compositions, content and balanced proportions combined influence the odor characteristic of tobacco leaf.Method according to the classification of fragrance precursor is divided into 5 large classes to flavor matter: carotenoid catabolite, aromatic amino acid class, maillard reaction product class, western cypress alkanes and chlorophyll degradation product.
Table 4 fragrance matter content balance
Unit: ug/g
This result of the test shows, improve the breed with cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars in the kind of flavor matter basic identical, but the content of improving the breed all is higher than cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars.
The applicable cases of embodiment in product is as follows:
Embodiment test plant after maturation through gathering, just roasting, redrying beats the processing links such as leaf, again tobacco leaf deposited in the warehouse, behind 18 months natural alcoholizations, join in " Red River " board cigarette in 10% ratio.Through expert's evaluation of smokeing panel test: compare with cloud and mist 85 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, cloud and mist 85 tobacco leaves after the improvement can better be coordinated mutually with cigarette flavor, and fragrance matter is better, and perfume quantity is sufficient, and cigarette is with light rose fragrance, and pleasant impression is more comfortable, stimulate and reduce.
Claims (1)
1. the method for an improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yuanyan 85 may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter in the rose more than 0.5 centimetre as stock, chose seedling age 45～55 days, the cloud and mist 85 Flue-cured Tobacco seedlings of the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm are as scion;
(2) grafting time: adopt the bud grafting method grafting in early April;
(3) grafting: front 10 days of bud grafting, selected stock bottom is cut off far from the branch of ground more than 5～7 centimetres, selected scion is whittled into a peltate bud sheet wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, stock is cut into "T"-shaped, choose out " T " notched cut on the stock with budding knife, scion is inserted in the otch, with plastic tape or other bondage material bondage;
(4) connect rear management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts at once anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering; Carry out according to a conventional method afterwards field-transplanting.
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| CN103444446A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-18 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving potassium content of tobaccos by grafting flue-cured tobacco by utilizing grainamaranth |
| CN103947408B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-10-21 | 陈良 | Fennel grass breeding method containing apple mint herb fragrance and products thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101209014A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | 兰绍华 | Tobacco grafting breeding method |
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| CN101209014A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | 兰绍华 | Tobacco grafting breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (9)
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| JP特表2007-527717A 2007.10.04 |
| 兰绍华等.红花大金元不同砧木嫁接效应的比较.《烟草科技》.2010,(第11期),第55-60页. |
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| 戴冕等.烟草马铃薯嫁接体中的烟碱积累.《植物生理学报》.1979,第05卷(第03期),第287-289页. |
| 烟草马铃薯嫁接体中的烟碱积累;戴冕等;《植物生理学报》;19790930;第05卷(第03期);第287-289页 * |
| 程昕昕等.嫁接在烟草远缘杂交中的应用.《山西农业大学学报》.2004,(第04期),第376-378页. |
| 红花大金元不同砧木嫁接效应的比较;兰绍华等;《烟草科技》;20101231(第11期);第55-60页 * |
| 蔡健和等.利用嫁接技术防治烟草青枯病试验研究.《广西农业科学》.2010,第41卷(第6期),第558-561页. |
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