CN102487731A - Method for improving aromatic tobacco SAM variety - Google Patents
Method for improving aromatic tobacco SAM variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487731A CN102487731A CN2011103879125A CN201110387912A CN102487731A CN 102487731 A CN102487731 A CN 102487731A CN 2011103879125 A CN2011103879125 A CN 2011103879125A CN 201110387912 A CN201110387912 A CN 201110387912A CN 102487731 A CN102487731 A CN 102487731A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 21
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000060384 Mappia Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000442 meristematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving aromatic tobacco SAM varieties. Selecting flue-cured tobacco Mappia I as a stock, using SAM aromatic tobacco seedling as a scion, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method in the last 4 th month, vertically cutting the middle of a stem into 1-1.5 cm deep, inserting the scion into a cut of the stock, selecting axillary buds with growing points for the scion, and transplanting the plants in the field after the grafting survives. The invention creates a grafting cultivation technical method between the aromatic tobaccos with different tobacco types and the flue-cured tobacco varieties, artificially promotes the gene-infiltration exchange of different species, creates a new tobacco plant variety, increases the unique quality characteristic of flue-cured tobacco jade I besides the self characteristic, improves the aroma quality, increases the harmony of the internal chemical components of the tobacco leaves, and improves the stress resistance and the disease resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of tobacco cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of method through distant hybridization improvement Turkish tobaccos Samsun kind.
Background technology
Turkish tobaccos Samsun (SAM) kind is Turkey's type tobacco bred, claims east type tobacco again, belongs to the Solanaceae Nicotiana, is a kind of special tobacco type of safflower tobacco.This kind originates in Greece; Belong to jealous type kind, have strong fragrance and pure jealous quality characteristic, nineteen fifty-one is introduced China from Turkey; Special using value is arranged in tobacco product, is one of important source material of production mixed type, outer odor type and oriental type cigarette and pipe tobacco.Be still the main varieties of plant in producing region, Zhejiang and producing region, Hubei at present.Turkish tobaccos SAM kind fragrance foot, flavouring essence quality is better, and the inherent chemical composition of tobacco leaf is coordinated, and jealous pure comfortable, flammability is strong, and strength is moderate.But breeding time is longer, is 191 days, in the producing region, Yunnan plantation performance bad, economical character is relatively poor, susceptible balck shank and bacterial wilt, output, the output value are lower.For improving quality of tobacco, satisfy the needs of industrial or agricultural, improvement and cultivate the most prompt approach that Turkish tobaccos SAM kind is a small investment, results are big.
At present a little less than still having the basic research relative thin aspect the research of tobacco bred breeding method, problem such as high-quality rich-fragrance reduced-harmfulness kind lacks, the local characteristic kind is few.Therefore, widen tobacco bred and cultivate approach, study high fragrance, low harm breeding of new variety; Disease-resistant new quality variety seed selection; Approach such as degeneration-resistant new quality variety seed selection and local characteristic breeding of new variety satisfy the demand of production of cigarettes to raw material better, have become tobacco to cultivate main research work.Grafting be with the bud of improved seeds or the branch move receive another robust growth, on the adaptable plant of local natural conditions, make it to become the method for a new improved seeds plant.Grafting can keep the merit of scion variety; Can utilize the advantageous feature of stock again; Reach the ability that strengthens resistance, repellent damage by disease and insect, increases output and improvement quality; Can also the economic utilization propagating materials, it is breeding plant and the important method that keeps scion plant genetic stability, is widely used in breeding and cultivating of gardening, fruit tree, vegetables very early.Also do not have the pertinent literature report at present but tobacco is carried out engrafting and cultivating, tobacco is dissimilar to carry out grafting between kind down, cultivates the plant kind that makes new advances, and tobacco bred is cultivated have positive progradation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, a kind of method through distant hybridization improvement Turkish tobaccos SAM kind is provided to prior art.Defective to Turkish tobaccos SAM kind; And the good characteristic that has of the dark green kind of flue-cured tobacco, both are had complementary advantages, cultivate the plant kind that makes new advances and have both good characteristics; And remedied the deficiency of original kind, finally reach the purpose of improvement SAM kind.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that the present invention adopted is percetage by weight.
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on following understanding: the dark green kind plant height 95～125cm of flue-cured tobacco, and stem girth is moderate, leaf oblong, blade is bigger, and the leaf look light green, and growth is neat, and it is yellow consistent to fall, and economical character is better.This kind strong stress resistance, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, moisture-proof, anti-soil is barren, anti-balck shank and bacterial wilt, plantation shows better in Yunnan Province, and per mu yield and first-class cigarette ratio are higher.It is complementary to discover that its degeneration-resistant disease resistance, increasing yield and improving quality ability and SAM kind have preferably, itself and SAM Turkish tobaccos kind is carried out graft hybridization be expected to promote SAM Turkish tobaccos quality.
A kind of method that improves Turkish tobaccos SAM kind may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: stock is chosen the dark green kind of flue-cured tobacco, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm; Turkish tobaccos SAM kind is selected in scion for use, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5cm～1cm;
(2) grafting time: adopt the cleft graft grafting in early April;
(3) grafting: remove the rootstock seedling growing point; Dark 1～1.5 centimetre of stock stem intermediate vertical incision then, subsequently scion eggplant seedling is pulled up, remove the lower end at the semi-lignified place and be whittled into wedge shape; The wedge shape size is suitable with the stock otch; Insert in the otch of stock with being about to scion, after the alignment, fix with Grafting clip;
(4) connect the back management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering at once; Carry out field-transplanting by conventional method afterwards.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention has started the engrafting and cultivating method between different tobacco type Turkish tobaccos and the flue-cured tobacco cultivars; Promote the gene of different plant species to ooze artificially and closed interchange; Thereby different biotypes that had separately with hereditary capacity uniqueness, be incorporated into to some extent in the common individuality, create the tobacco plant kind make new advances; New plant kind has increased the dark green distinctive quality characteristic of flue-cured tobacco again except having self-characteristic.The successful Application of this invention will provide characteristic good varieties of plant to the cigarette industry demand, for the existing tobacco breeding technology of cultivating increases the new choice of technology, also increase new remedial measure for the cultivation in tobacco cultivation stage.
2, result of the test shows, SAM Turkish tobaccos and a dark green flue-cured tobacco have very strong affinity, and graft survival rate reaches 85%.
3, new plant quality of tabacco fragrance improves, and the inherent chemical composition harmony of tobacco leaf increases, and degeneration-resistant, disease resistance improves.New plant has increased the dark green distinctive characteristic of kind of flue-cured tobacco again except having Turkish tobaccos SAM breediness.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiment is not to be the qualification to technical scheme of the present invention.All all fall into protection scope of the present invention based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done.
Embodiment
Plant dark green kind of flue-cured tobacco and 800 strains of Turkish tobaccos SAM kind in flue-cured tobacco base, Milei County, Yunnan Province respectively, plant strain growth proterties, resistance, premunition and tobacco production and value amount after the grafting are compared.
The concrete operations step is following:
1 selects stock and scion: stock is chosen the dark green kind of flue-cured tobacco, the high 5～7cm of stem, and stem girth 0.5～1cm, leaf bud is full, no damage by disease and insect; Select Turkish tobaccos SAM kind for use, about the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5cm, the position that the stage casing has healthy and strong bud is cut into the 5-6 centimeter length and does scion, and every fringe should stay 2-3 bud, and leaf bud is full, anosis worm infringement cigarette seedling.
2 grafting times: grafting time is selected in early or mid April to carry out, and this moment, meristematic cell was movable strong, and healing is fast, and survival rate is high.
3 grafting methods: adopt the cleft graft grafting.Stock is split a grafting split mouth, scion is whittled into wedge shape, inserts and splits a mouthful interior a kind of grafting method.
(1) cuts scion.Bud is located both sides for about 3 centimetres and is whittled into wedge shape under scion.The long 2-3 of bevel centimetre, smooth smooth-going.
(2) split stock.Apart from ground 2-3 centimetre or and ground flat, block stock, it is level and smooth that section is wanted, in order to healing.Split partially at 1/3 place in the stock cross section.Split mouth and want level and smooth, dark about 3 centimetres.
(3) inserting fringe connects.Pry open gently with cleft grafting cutter wedge portion and to split mouth, slowly insert scion in it, anvil fringe cambium is accurately docked.The cash face does not all insert and splits mouth, and the 2-3 millimeter will be stayed in the outside, and the cambium contact-making surface is big like this, helps meristematic tissue formation and healing.
(4) colligation.Tie up interface from top to bottom.Note not touching scion, in case the cambium dislocation.After the colligation, in time seal interface with regard to yellow mud, bury the graft union with wet soil again, reality will be buried in the following position of stock, and the scion position should be buried with the training of loosening the soil, and germinates when living in order to one-tenth.
4 connect the back management.In time cultivate after connecing, and covering, heat and moisture preserving.Connect the back and will check whether grafting becomes alive 1 week, after becoming to live 10-15 days, bondage is removed, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, cut anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres at once when buddering, the ground, garden of grafting seedling will in time weed with a hoe and insect pests causes harm.
5 points for attention: grafting knife want sharp and sterilization in case interface infect; The length thickness of buddering is moderate, stock, budders and will fit tightly, and colligation is wanted firmly, sealing; Will pour water and keep moistening in ground, garden before and after the grafting, but water can not soak and budders; It is rapid, accurate that the grafting process is wanted.
Result of the test is following:
1 plant cultivating result
Select well developed root system, the infringement of no damage by disease and insect respectively, the dark green kind of the flue-cured tobacco that grows fine does stock and Samsun Turkish tobaccos kind is done the combination that grafting is carried out in scion.Compare with the own-rooted tree of scion own, plant plantation performance is better grown neatly, and the leaf look green, and the plant Other Main Agronomic Characters is improved, and growth adaptability increases, and graft survival rate is higher, can know in view of the above, and test has feasibility.
Plant cultivating result after table 1 grafting
A situation arises for 2 plant diseases
Respectively new plant after scion SAM and the grafting is carried out land for growing field crops disease resistance and resistance investigation statistics; New plant disease resistance and resistance all strengthen after the discovery grafting; Output improves, and new plant has had dark green No. one disease resistance and the resistance of flue-cured tobacco, and has improved per mu yield preferably.
Plant resistance and PR are after table 2 grafting
3 receive back tobacco leaf aesthetic quality relatively
Choose SAM respectively and improve the breed (each 100 of upper level A1, middle one-level A2, next stage A3) and be aesthetic quality's tobacco sample of smokeing panel test; The sensory evaluating smoking identifies by the judging panel with the certification of smokeing panel test; By regulating under standard " atmospheric environment that GB/T16447-1996 tobacco and tobacco product are regulated and the tested " defined terms; Smoked panel test by the red cloud HongHe tobacco group technique center committee member that smokes panel test, each index gives different score values respectively by the quality scale of smokeing panel test.
The contrast of table 3 tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality
This result of the test shows that the tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality score of improving the breed is higher than Samsun Turkish tobaccos kind, explains that the tobacco leaf interior quality is superior to former kind.With regard to the index of specifically smokeing panel test, improve the breed tobacco incense makings, perfume quantity, concentration, pleasant impression and flammability all increase, and new plant and has been improved the interior quality of former kind except having Samsun Turkish tobaccos breediness.
The applicable cases of embodiment in product:
Embodiment test plant treat after the maturation through gathering, processing links such as modulation, bin storage, be used for the blended type cigarette prescription in 10% ratio.Through expert's evaluation of smokeing panel test: compare with Samsun Turkish tobaccos kind, the Turkish tobaccos tobacco leaf after the improvement can better be coordinated with cigarette composition fragrance each other, aromatic flavour, and fragrance matter is better, and jealous pure comfortable, flammability is strong, and strength is moderate.
Claims (1)
1. method that improves Turkish tobaccos SAM kind may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: stock is chosen the dark green kind of flue-cured tobacco, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm; Turkish tobaccos SAM kind is selected in scion for use, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5cm～1cm;
(2) grafting time: adopt the cleft graft grafting in early April;
(3) grafting: remove the rootstock seedling growing point; Dark 1～1.5 centimetre of stock stem intermediate vertical incision then, subsequently scion eggplant seedling is pulled up, remove the lower end at the semi-lignified place and be whittled into wedge shape; The wedge shape size is suitable with the stock otch; Insert in the otch of stock with being about to scion, after the alignment, fix with Grafting clip;
(4) connect the back management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering at once; Carry out field-transplanting by conventional method afterwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011103879125A CN102487731A (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2011-11-29 | Method for improving aromatic tobacco SAM variety |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011103879125A CN102487731A (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2011-11-29 | Method for improving aromatic tobacco SAM variety |
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| CN102487731A true CN102487731A (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102870606A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting technique for integrating tobacco variety properties |
| CN103004482A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Novel culture method for flavored aromatic tobacco |
| CN103141311A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-06-12 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for reducing burley tobacco nicotine |
| CN103355102A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-10-23 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving suction taste of burley tobacco |
| CN103404375A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting and seed multiplication method for endangered tobacco genetic resources |
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2011
- 2011-11-29 CN CN2011103879125A patent/CN102487731A/en active Pending
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102870606A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting technique for integrating tobacco variety properties |
| CN103004482A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Novel culture method for flavored aromatic tobacco |
| CN103141311A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-06-12 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for reducing burley tobacco nicotine |
| CN103355102A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-10-23 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving suction taste of burley tobacco |
| CN103355102B (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2015-10-28 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of method improveing suction taste of burley tobacco |
| CN103404375A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Grafting and seed multiplication method for endangered tobacco genetic resources |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |