CN102498952A - Method for improving variety of NC297 flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the variety of NC297 flue-cured tobacco. The method comprises the steps of: selecting French wild grape as a tree stock and a seedling of NC297 flue-cured tobacco as a scion; performing grafting by adopting the tongue grafting method in the first ten-day period of April, wherein clefts of the tree stock and the scion are ligules and are about 1cm in length, the ligules are matched, the ligule of the scion is intersected with that of the tree stock and the ligulesa lean against each other; and after grafting and survival, transplanting the plant to field. According to the invention, the French wild grape and the NC297 flue-cured tobacco are subjected to distant hybridization initiatively. Through grafting, the resistance to disease and pest of the novel plant is improved. In addition to characteristics of the variety of NC297 flue-cured tobacco, the novel plant has unique sweet flavor of the French wild grape and the amount and quality of sweet smell of tobacco are improved.

Description

A kind of method that improves the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars

Technical field

The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method through distant hybridization improvement NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars.

Background technology

The NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars belongs to Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae, Nicotiana on Plant Taxonomy, the annual herb plant is the first familiar generation kind of being bred in 1998 by U.S. gold leaf seeds company.Introduction in 2006 is domestic, at first begins flue-cured tobacco cultivars applicability seed selection work in Yunnan.Through in a few years experiment with grope, obtained that NC297 grows, significant data such as regional suitability, field performance, tobacco leaf presentation quality, chemical composition, sensory evaluating smoking and industry checking and preliminary supporting production technology.From the result, NC297 has regional preferably adaptability, strong, the comprehensive proterties of growing way is good; Chemical composition is coordinated; The harmony of flue gas and mellow sense are better, and definition and mouthfeel are medium.But there is flat, the short sweetness of smoke, the problems such as gas is on the high side, later stage rust evil is heavier of mixing.The common adopting process technical finesse of industrial enterprise, add method such as perfume additive, but effect is not ideal, the effective way of industrial or agricultural needs is satisfied in improvement and to cultivate the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars be to improve quality of tobacco.

As everyone knows, existing cultivation tobacco bred derives from the common relationship of minority; Affiliation is nearer, and hereditary basis is poor, is difficult to therefrom select breakthrough kind; Particularly produce the new varieties that go up the high fragrance of being badly in need of, low harm, multiresistance, high-quality, very few especially.Therefore, only utilize wild species and the crossbreeding between the NC297 in the Nicotiana, be difficult to realize above-mentioned target.If can transfer to the useful properties in not equal, the plant that belongs in the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, should be the effective way that addresses this problem.But do not see the report that success is arranged in the prior art as yet, reason is to occur very easily that two inter breed crossings are not affine, hybrid dies young easily, sterile, hybrid generation separates greatly usually, is difficult for the stable technical barrier that waits.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to the deficiency to prior art, a kind of method of the NC297 of improvement flue-cured tobacco cultivars is provided, through the mode of distant hybridization, remedy flat, the short sweetness of NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars smoke, assorted gas is on the high side, the heavier problem of later stage rust evil.

The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme.

Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that the present invention adopted is percetage by weight.

Technical scheme of the present invention is based on following understanding: grape is claimed grape again, Vitis, Vitaceae, and defoliation liana slaps lobately, and 3～5 lack and split, and compound raceme is conical usually, and mostly its berry is circle or oval, color and luster is different with kind.Contain various abundant vitamins and trace element in the grape, long-term edible to the human body beneficial.France bryony (French Wild) belongs to European subspecies grape, has the maturity unanimity, color depth, characteristics such as pol height.Graceful grape honey fragrance is arranged, discover that its fragrance, taste characteristic and NC297 have complementarity preferably, itself and NC297 flue-cured tobacco are carried out engrafting and cultivating be expected to promote the NC297 Flue-cured tobacco Quality.

A kind of method that improves the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars may further comprise the steps:

(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter the French bryony more than 5 centimetres as stock, chose seedling age 45～55 days, the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cigarette seedling of the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm is as scion;

(2) grafting time: adopt the tongue grafting grafting in early or mid April;

(3) grafting: a cutter is up split along fringe by level and smooth place in scion, splits mouth and is ligule, long 1～2cm; The stock upper end is done along anvil and is split a cutter downwards, the ligule longitudinal incision that one-tenth one and scion match, and scion tongue and the stock tongue cut insert relatively; Tongue is intersected, be close to mutually, and bondage;

(4) connect the back management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering at once; Carry out field-transplanting by conventional method afterwards.

With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1, the present invention's initiative is carried out distant hybridization with French bryony and NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, has promoted the gene of different plant species to blend interchange artificially through grafting, thereby creates the flue-cured tobacco cultivars that makes new advances.The successful Application of this invention will be set up fresh and sweet fragrant characteristic perfume material safeguards technique system to " cloud and mist " brand good varieties of plant of characteristic and technical support will be provided.

2, result of the test shows, NC297 flue-cured tobacco and French bryony have very strong affinity, and the survival rate of grafting reaches 83.5%.

3, French bryony root system is flourishing, and disease resistance is strong, and is extensive to weather and region adaptability, improved the resistant to diseases and insects of new plant, and wherein the rust incidence of disease reduces 20%.

4, tobacco leaf sugariness, perfume quantity, fragrance matter all increase, and new plant has increased the distinctive fragrant and sweet gas of French bryony again except having NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristic.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiment is not to be the qualification to technical scheme of the present invention.All all fall into protection scope of the present invention based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done.

Embodiment 1

Red cigarette flue-cured tobacco base is planted NC297 flue-cured tobacco and 1000 strains of French bryony two kinds respectively in the Milei County, Yunnan Province, carries out plant growing proterties after graft compatibility, the grafting, resistant to diseases and insects and cured tobacco leaf quality comparative trial.The concrete operations step is following:

1, select stock and scion: stock is chosen French bryony kind, requires chosen position good, the stock young sprout of robust growth, and no damage by disease and insect, clip is not shorter than 5 centimetres apart from bud.Diameter is more than 0.5 centimetre; The NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is selected in scion for use, requires seedling age about 50 days, the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm, and leaf bud is full, anosis worm infringement cigarette seedling.

2, grafting time: grafting time is selected in early or mid April to carry out, and this moment, meristematic cell was movable strong, and healing is fast, and survival rate is high.

3, grafting method: adopt the tongue grafting grafting.

(1) cuts scion.3 centimeter length inclined-planes are cut at level and smooth place in scion, up split a cutter at following 1/3 place on inclined-plane along fringe again, make to split mouthful to be about 1 centimetre, become ligule.

(2) cut stock.Cut the inclined-plane about one 3 centimetres in the stock upper end, do along anvil and split a cutter downwards at 1/3 place on the inclined-plane again, is about 1 centimetre, the ligule longitudinal incision that one-tenth one and scion match.

(3) grafting fringe.With cut cut the fringe tongue and the stock tongue inserts relatively, tongue is intersected, be close to mutually.

(4) bondage.Tie up interface from top to bottom.Note not touching scion, in case the cambium dislocation.After the colligation, in time seal interface with regard to yellow mud, bury the graft union with wet soil again, reality will be buried in the following position of stock, and the scion position should be buried with the training of loosening the soil, and germinates when living in order to one-tenth.

4, connect the back management: connect the back and will check whether grafting becomes alive 1 week.Come off if the petiole of scion bumps immediately with have gentle hands light one, the scion color of the leather is bud green, explains and takes over a job.If petiole does not fall, scion is withered, is exactly not take over a job, and needs to mend to connect.Sprout tillers very easily takes place on stock after the grafting, should remove early.After becoming to live 10～15 days, bondage is removed, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, anvil cut when growing tall more than 10 centimetres at once when buddering.The ground, garden of grafting seedling will in time weed with a hoe and insect pests causes harm.

5, points for attention: grafting knife want sharp and sterilization in case interface infect; The length thickness of buddering is moderate, stock, budders and will fit tightly, and colligation is wanted firmly, sealing; Will pour water and keep moistening in ground, garden before and after the grafting, but water can not soak and budders; It is rapid, accurate that the grafting process is wanted.

The embodiment result of the test is following:

1, plant economical character performance

Select well developed root system respectively, to weather with adaptability extensive French bryony in region does stock and the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is done the combination that grafting is carried out in scion, compare with the own-rooted tree of scion own, the Other Main Agronomic Characters performance is better; The field growing way is stronger, and growth is neat, and the disease resistance of new plant strengthens; Comprehensive disease resistance is stronger, has increased the adaptability of new plant, and graft survival rate is high; Can know that in view of the above test has feasibility.

Table 1 is transferred plant cultivating result behind the outer coffin

2, cured tobacco leaf quality condition

Choose NC297 respectively and improve the breed (each 100 of B3F, C3F, X2F) and be aesthetic quality's tobacco sample of smokeing panel test; The sensory evaluating smoking identifies by the judging panel with the certification of smokeing panel test; Undertaken by standard " YC/T138-1998 tobacco and tobacco product ", each index gives different score values respectively by the quality scale of smokeing panel test.

The contrast of table 2 tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality

This result of the test shows that the tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality comprehensive of improving the breed score is higher than the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, explains that the tobacco leaf interior quality is superior to former kind.See that from single index the tobacco incense makings of improving the breed, perfume quantity improve a lot, assorted gas reduces, and pleasant impression is more comfortable, and new plant has increased the distinctive fragrant and sweet gas of French amur grape again except having NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristic.

The applicable cases of embodiment in product:

Embodiment test plant treat after the maturation through gathering, roasting, redrying just beats processing links such as leaf, and behind 18 months natural alcoholizations in warehouse, join in " Red River " board cigarette in 10% ratio.Through expert's evaluation of smokeing panel test: compare with the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, the NC297 tobacco leaf after the improvement can better be coordinated with cigarette flavor each other, and fragrance matter is better, and perfume quantity is sufficient, and cigarette has the fragrant and sweet gas of light grape, and pleasant impression is more comfortable, and assorted gas reduces, and stimulates and reduces.

Claims (1)

1. method that improves the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cultivars may further comprise the steps:

(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter the French bryony more than 5 centimetres as stock, chose seedling age 45～55 days, the NC297 flue-cured tobacco cigarette seedling of the high 5～7cm of stem, stem girth 0.5～1cm is as scion;

(2) grafting time: adopt the tongue grafting grafting in early or mid April;

(3) grafting: a cutter is up split along fringe by level and smooth place in scion, splits mouth and is ligule, long 1～2cm; The stock upper end is done along anvil and is split a cutter downwards, the ligule longitudinal incision that one-tenth one and scion match, and scion tongue and the stock tongue cut insert relatively; Tongue is intersected, be close to mutually, and bondage;

(4) connect the back management: grafting survival after 10～15 days is removed bondage, and the germinating bud on the stock of erasing, and cuts anvil when growing tall more than 10 centimetres when buddering at once; Carry out field-transplanting by conventional method afterwards.