CN101203404B - 多色内部装饰部件 - Google Patents

多色内部装饰部件 Download PDF

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CN101203404B
CN101203404B CN200680017576.2A CN200680017576A CN101203404B CN 101203404 B CN101203404 B CN 101203404B CN 200680017576 A CN200680017576 A CN 200680017576A CN 101203404 B CN101203404 B CN 101203404B
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decorative layer
decompression
backing
vacuum mold
fitting components
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CN101203404A (zh
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S·居特
O·克莱纳特
R·翁格尔
A·迪特里希
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Toyota Boshoku Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/14—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps
    • B29C43/146—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps for making multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B29C2063/021—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material characterized by the junction of material sections
    • B29C2063/022—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material characterized by the junction of material sections the junction being located in a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/001—Shaping in several steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
    • B29C43/184—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould shaped by the compression of the material during moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • B29C51/082—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/16—Lining or labelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/261—Handling means, e.g. transfer means, feeding means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30—Moulds
    • B29C51/32—Moulds having cutting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/002—Coloured
    • B29K2995/0021—Multi-coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041—Trim panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0281—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners made of a plurality of visible parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0293—Connection or positioning of adjacent panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49622—Vehicular structural member making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车辆的多色内部装饰部件的制造方法，该多色内部装饰部件具有确定的成形表面。还公开了通过所述方法获得的内部装饰部件。

Description

多色内部装饰部件
本发明涉及一种具有确定的成形表面的机动车辆的多色内部装饰部件的制造方法，并且还涉及由此获得的内部装饰部件。 
DE 44 47 645 C2涉及一种制造模制品(molded part)尤其是机动车辆的内部装饰部件或类似物的方法，该模制品是由用热塑性树脂预浸渍的无纺织物制造的，其中该无纺织物在热塑性树脂的软化温度以上在接触式热压机中进行二维加热并预压实，该无纺织物在高压和100到130℃的温度下在热压模具中压制，所压制的模制品在至少一个冷却步骤中冷却，其中在至少一个冷却步骤中在冷却模具与模制品之间保持至少一个接触压力，其中薄膜或其它装饰性材料通过下述方式被背衬(backed)于所压制的模制品上：通过与热相接触而加热所述薄膜或其它装饰性材料以及模制品上需要加上背衬的表面，在减压下使它们结合，随后将具有所述背衬薄膜或其它装饰性材料的所压制的模制品冷却。 
DE 44 00 388 C2涉及一种制造模制品尤其是机动车辆的装饰部件的方法，该模制品由至少一个支承层和背衬层组成，其中多个平层平行展开，方向相同，多个边缘保持一定距离且边缘分离，多层在两个压模表面之间一起压制以变得相互接合，由此与支承层的加工边相对的边缘与支承层接触并与其连接，其特征在于在支承层的边缘被分开且两层被压在一起之后，背衬层的突出边缘立即绕加工边折叠并被压制到支承层的背侧，同时模制品的前侧仍然接触所分配的压模表面。 
DE 196 07 781 A1涉及汽车装饰部件，其主要是具有基部和纺织品装饰的层状材料。因技术原因，迄今为止后者由聚酯纤维组成。相反，为减少特定总结构中的聚酯量，使用了聚丙烯纤维。这是通过在装饰工艺和初步背衬中的新背衬方法和特定热控制来实现的。 
 DE 199 59 654 A1描述了一种制造具有确定的表面轮廓的机动车辆的内部装饰部件的方法，其中在第一步中将形成可见表面的材料(1) 置于模具腔内并在压力和/或温度作用下成形，产生所需表面压纹，在另一步中，使基于天然纤维增强的聚合物材料的支承材料形成所述模具腔的形状，材料(1)的边缘部分没有被支承材料(2)覆盖，然后通过弯曲材料的边缘部分而将内部装饰部件从模具腔内脱模。 
在DE 43 05 847 A1中，描述了一种用于建筑体的内部装饰及其制造方法。该装饰具有装饰底板，其包括基材和以层压方式背衬到该基材上或与该基材结合的第一外层材料。装饰底板通过至少一个凹槽而再分为多个相邻的表面部分。这些表面部分中的至少一个用作嵌入部件。至少一个装饰部件与装饰底板粘合地连接，并包括至少一个设计为与嵌入部件相匹配的刚性底板以及至少一个覆盖该底板的第二外层。在其外部，装饰部件具有与装饰底板的凹槽紧密配合的凸缘。该凸缘环绕刚性底板。上述装饰是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备的：(1)将基材放到压模的第一模具部分上，其中该基材通过至少一个凹槽被再分为多个相邻的表面部分，且其中至少一个表面部分用作嵌入部件；(2)将装饰部件放到所述的压模的第二模具部分，其中该第二模具部分面对模制品。 
DE 103 33 161 A1描述了具有确定的表面轮廓的机动车辆的内部装饰部件。 
WO 90/03256涉及一种由纤维增强的部件支架来制造具有确定表面的实心制品的装置和方法，该实心制品在周期时间为40至60秒的一步法中压制。 
WO 01/41999 A1涉及一种制造具有确定的表面轮廓的机动车辆的内部装饰部件的方法，其中在第一步中将构成可见表面的材料置于模具腔内并通过压力和/或温度的作用进行模制，同时产生所需的表面压纹，在另一步骤中，将基于天然纤维增强的聚合物材料的支承材料嵌入模具腔，然后进行模制，材料的边缘部分没有被支承材料覆盖，然后通过弯曲材料的边缘部分而将内部装饰部分从模具腔脱模。 
现有技术的所有方法中，制造支架和装饰层均被加热至(高)背衬温度以将两部件接合在一起。同时，现有技术不允许使用应用于整体支承材料的各自具有确定的表面和/或颜色轮廓的多个不同部分的装饰层。 
WO 2005/009721 A1描述了一种制造具有确定的表面轮廓的机动车辆的内部装饰部件的方法。该方法是通过下述方式实现的：在第一步中，基于天然纤维加强的聚合物材料制造部件支架，并将其要配有装饰层的表面上的表面温度调节到150至180℃范围内的所需背衬温度； 
将装饰层的可见侧加热至200至220℃范围内的所需压纹温度，并将装饰层的背衬侧加热至所需背衬温度；并且 
随后，在其上部具有所述确定的表面轮廓的结构的模具中压制部件支架和装饰层。 
特别是日本汽车制造商在仪表板还有门装饰中利用了将纹理压纹于装饰材料的可能性。但是，这些部件经常显示压纹质量不高，不能满足高质量机动车辆的制造商在此方面的所需要求。 
为了在使用所谓的模具内压纹法及相应的内部装饰部件的机动车辆高端产品(premium segment)中取得成功，该方法及由此获得的内部装饰部件必须设计为通过薄膜处理压纹模具中甚至最精细的纹理结构，由此获得理想的纹理形成，从而在部件上形成最佳表面。 
同时，使用WO 2005/009721出版的工艺，可设想甚至几何上复杂且结构非常精细的纹理(最极端的示例：复制真实的皮革纹理)，并且产生至多2.5毫米的半径，而传统背衬工艺仅可能达到约5至6毫米的半径。 
因此，高端机动车辆的汽车制造商对模具内压纹法以及相应的内部装饰部件非常感兴趣。因其优质的纹理形成以及最重要的半径缩小(之前一般用聚氨酯(PUR)覆膜法)，该技术现在可与随后用PUR背衬发泡的PUR覆膜直接竞争。 
但是PUR技术目前有一项重要的优势：由于该方法的特性，覆膜可以制备为两种颜色，其中颜色范围由非常狭窄的槽分隔且在模具内涂覆工艺中涂成两种颜色、或使用以两种颜色着色的PUR系统喷涂，因此可生产具有两种或更多种颜色的整体表面，并随后与支承部件连接。 
但是，在现有技术的模具内压纹法中，仅有两个部件可独立制备并随后以适当的接合工艺如焊接或粘接相连接。但是这些接合工艺成 本非常高，且在接合面区域出现两种材料(因此增加了重量)。此外，缺口的路线和向内门板的过渡必须单调地相配，这在整体支架上更容易实现。 
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种制造相应的机动车辆的内部装饰部件尤其是多色部件的方法。 
在第一实施方式中，本发明的上述目标是通过从部件支架1和二维粘于其上的至少两层装饰层2a、2b来制备机动车辆的内部装饰部件的方法而实现的，其中该装饰层2a、2b具有分别确定的表面和/或颜色轮廓，其中： 
在第一步中，将各装饰层2a、2b的各可见侧3a、3b加热至180至220℃范围内、尤其是200至220℃范围内的各所需压纹温度，将装饰层2a、2b的背侧加热至130至170℃范围内的各所需模塑温度，在各压纹模具中，通过压制、吹塑和/或深拉来制备各模制品的几何形状并同时制备装饰层2a、2b的相应表面纹理； 
在第二步中，如必要，修整各装饰层2a、2b的边缘，尤其是在颜色分隔区域中； 
在第三步中，以相同定向(mutual orientation)定位各装饰层2a、2b，并通过减压将其固定；并且 
在第四步中，将定向的装饰层2a、2b转移至背衬模具中并以原有已知的方式在与可见侧3a、3b相对的表面上用部件支架1进行背衬。 
根据本发明的方法的优点尤其在于可以制造特征在于整体支架的多色部件。 
例如，通过本发明，可以制造在模具内压纹法中压有不同薄膜颜色的整体门饰支架。例如，使用不同的薄膜层压体时，栏杆和底部的泡沫厚度，使得在栏杆区域使用的泡沫厚度较大从而获得更佳的触觉属性，而在底部减少泡沫厚度以便节约。另外，可在栏杆和底部使用对应于设计人员期望的不同纹理，而工艺技术中不会产生问题。 
图1示出了装饰层2a的制备。首先，装饰层2a(其可以在其底侧任选地具有泡沫层)的上侧被加热至200至220℃范围内的温度，其下侧被加热至130至170℃范围内的温度。在由上部(冲头)和下部(压纹壳)组成的模具中，通过压制和/或深拉来制备装饰层2a的相应模制 品的几何形状，如图2所示。同样方法完成装饰层2b的制备。在由上部(冲头)和下部(压纹)组成的模具中，通过压制和/或深拉来制备装饰层2a的相应模制品的几何形状及其表面压纹，如图2所示。同样方法完成装饰层2b的制备。 
模具的压纹下部优选具有(激光)孔，以使空气可以从装饰层2a、2b与模具壁之间的缝隙逸出。也可以使用真空法来代替膜冲压(filmpunch)，但根据以前的经验，冲压法可获得清晰度明显更高的精细纹理。 
图3示出了如何在边缘处修整生产的压纹膜。这可以例如通过自动设备在相应的切削容器上完成，但也可在第一工艺步骤中在相应的工具边缘上轻松地修整边缘。 
图4示出了通过与图3同样的方法在模具下部制备的装饰层2a。 
图5示出了如何以相同定向来定位两个装饰层2a、2b，并通过减压将其固定于正真空模具中。颜色分隔槽根据组件的几何形状定向，并且也在真空下固定。然后，带有膜的正容器旋转180℃进入实际的背衬工具(负)并输送。现在，切断施于正容器上的减压，例如，在背衬模具的下部施加真空，从而固定装饰层2a、2b。现在部件支架1和装饰层2a、2b可以原有已知方式进行背衬。由于装饰层2a、2b之间的接缝的背侧在进行背衬前是暴露的，可以原有已知的方式加强该槽的背侧，例如通过夹持、焊接或通过以附加强化构件啮合。 
在压模中，可提供较大半径余量，这使得能够限定在0.5毫米，特别是2至3毫米范围内的非常窄的半径。还应该指出，由于在后来要进行背衬的装饰层2a、2b上的减压负载，对泡沫的损坏较小，因此可以避免泡沫断裂与褶皱问题。 
同时，还可以在不同装饰层2a、2b的锐边弯曲半径和随后接缝处压纹。另外，通过本发明，当从皮革模型出发产生电/激光纹理时，可以实现双重光泽。 
本发明的另一实施方式包括机动车辆的内部装饰部件，该内部装饰部件由部件支架1和二维粘于其上的至少两个装饰层2a、2b组成，该装饰层2a、2b具有分别确定的表面和/或颜色轮廓。 
在本发明的特别优选的实施方式中，根据本发明的机动车辆的内 部装饰部件的特征在于所述部件支架1包括门饰支架，尤其是基于天然纤维增强的聚合物材料，例如，亚麻等天然纤维增强的聚丙烯材料、亚麻等天然纤维增强的PUR、或亚麻等天然纤维材料增强的环氧树脂材料、以及通过注塑工艺制备的PP、ABS或聚酰胺等。这些材料广泛用于汽车制造，因此是技术人员所公知的。 
在本发明的另一优选实施方式中，薄膜，特别是泡沫背衬的塑料薄膜，用作装饰层2a、2b。这种装饰层2a、2b的材料，如部件支架1的材料，也是制备机动车辆的内部装饰部件的领域的技术人员所公知的。 
根据本发明，特别优选塑料薄膜选自热塑性聚烯烃、ASA、聚氯乙烯或热塑性聚氨酯。塑料薄膜的背衬侧优选包括泡沫薄膜如聚乙烯/聚丙烯。 
将部件支架1和/或装饰层2a、2b与可见侧3a、3b相对的一侧的背衬温度调节为150至180℃范围内的值。如果所选择的背衬温度过高，恐怕会对装饰层2a、2b背侧的泡沫结构产生不利影响。另一方面，如果所选择的背衬温度过低，则部件支架1和装饰层2a、2b之间难以充分粘接。或者，可以通过用常规粘合剂(分散体、溶剂、热熔粘合剂或粘合薄膜)涂覆部件支架、然后将其与装饰层粘接来确保装饰层和部件支架间的粘接。 
在根据本发明的优选实施方式中，使用了总表面从部件支架(1)(图中未示出)的支承边缘伸出、并且在另一工艺步骤中在该部件支架的支承边缘上折叠的装饰层2a、2b。或者，也可在背衬工艺中将装饰层2a、2b在支承边缘上折叠。 
根据本发明，特别优选在正真空模具中使各装饰层2a、2b的方向相同。 
在根据本发明的工艺的第四步中，特别优选将通过减压固定于真空模具中的方向相同的装饰层2a、2b旋转(具体的说，旋转180度)，并将加入背衬模具中。 
根据本发明，进一步优选在第三和第四工艺步骤之间从上述真空模具中除去减压，并通过对可见侧3a、3b施加减压而使定向的装饰层2a、2b固定于背衬模具中。 

Claims (6)

1.一种由部件支架(1)和二维结合于其上的至少两个装饰层(2a、2b)来制造机动车辆的内部装饰部件的方法，所述装饰层(2a、2b)具有分别限定的表面和/或色彩轮廓，其中 
在第一步中，将各装饰层(2a、2b)的各可见侧(3a、3b)加热至180至220℃范围内的各所需压纹温度，将装饰层(2a、2b)的背侧加热至130至170℃范围内的各模制温度，且在各压纹模具中，通过压制和/或深拉制备各模制品的几何形状并同时制备装饰层(2a、2b)的相应表面纹理； 
在第二步中，如必要，修整各装饰层(2a、2b)的边缘； 
在第三步中，将各装饰层(2a、2b)以相同方向定位，并通过减压将其固定于正真空模具中以在各装饰层(2a、2b)之间形成接缝；并且 
在第四步中，将用正真空模具定向的装饰层(2a、2b)转移至背衬模具中并以原有已知的方式在与可见侧(3a、3b)相对的表面上用部件支架(1)进行背衬。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于使用了其总表面从所述部件支架(1)的支承边缘伸出、并且在另一工艺步骤中在所述支承边缘上折叠的装饰层(2a、2b)。 
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于使用了总表面从所述部件支架(1)的支承边缘伸出、并且在背衬工艺中在所述部件支架的支承边缘上折叠的装饰层(2a、2b)。 
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于在第三步中各装饰层(2a、2b)在正真空模具中方向相同。 
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于在第四步中将通过减压固定于真空模具中的方向相同的装饰层(2a、2b)旋转并引入背衬模具中。 
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于从所述真空模具中除去减压，并通过对各可见侧(3a、3b)施加减压而使各装饰层(2a、2b)直接固定于背衬模具中。 
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