CN101175967A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101175967A
CN101175967A CNA2006800169827A CN200680016982A CN101175967A CN 101175967 A CN101175967 A CN 101175967A CN A2006800169827 A CNA2006800169827 A CN A2006800169827A CN 200680016982 A CN200680016982 A CN 200680016982A CN 101175967 A CN101175967 A CN 101175967A
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core pipe
pipe
heat exchanger
coil pipe
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沼田光春
柴田豊
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/06Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular crimped or corrugated in cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/156Making tubes with wall irregularities
    • B21C37/158Protrusions, e.g. dimples
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/22Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes
    • B21C37/26Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes helically-ribbed tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/06Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of metal tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0012Brazing heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0016Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being bent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/022Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of two or more media in heat-exchange relationship being helically coiled, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/424Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions
    • F28F1/426Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions the outside portions and the inside portions forming parts of complementary shape, e.g. concave and convex
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06Tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14Heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047Water-cooled condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02Heat pumps of the compression type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/06Heat exchange conduits having walls comprising obliquely extending corrugations, e.g. in the form of threads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49362Tube wound about tube

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种热交换器,在该热交换器中,压迫芯管(31)的外表面以在其内表面上形成凸起(313),在芯管(31)的外周上呈螺旋状地缠绕盘管(32)。之后使芯管(31)和盘管(32)整体弯曲,进行钎焊作业。其结果为,在弯曲部处,盘管(32)的外表面与芯管(31)的外表面在弯曲中心(b)侧的部分没有间隙地接触,盘管(32)的外表面与芯管(31)的外表面通过钎料(33)在弯曲部(C-C)的弯曲中心侧(b)的部分结合在一起。

Description

热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及热交换器,特别涉及具有芯管和盘管的热交换器,其中上述芯管通过压迫外表面而在内表面形成有凸起,上述盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上。
背景技术
在用于空调装置、供热水器等的热交换装置中,有些会设置这样的热交换器:具有形成第一流体的流道的芯管以及缠绕在芯管的外表面上、并形成第二流体的流道的盘管,该热交换器在第一流体与第二流体之间进行热交换。例如作为热泵式供热水器等的供热水用热交换器,具有双重管式热交换器,该双重管式热交换器由流通水的芯管与流通制冷剂的盘管这双重管构成,将该双重管缠绕成为长圆形的漩涡形形状并作为一个热交换器单元,通过把热交换器单元多级重叠地相互连接起来,构成了热交换器主体。对此提出有这样的技术:在对应于芯管的工具的外周上,在将盘管缠绕成螺旋状后,拔出工具,从而形成盘管形状体,把芯管插入到盘管形状体中从而形成热交换器。并且为了提高热交换器中的芯管的传热性能,还提出有这样的技术:通过压迫芯管的外表面来在内表面上设置凸起,以提高传热性能(专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特公平6-70556号公报
但是,当在工具的外周上呈螺旋状地缠绕盘管后,拔出工具从而形成盘管形状体,将芯管插入到盘管形状体中从而形成热交换器,在这样的情况下,有可能在芯管与盘管之间产生接触不良,导致传热性能下降。特别是在热交换器的芯管采用通过压迫芯管的外表面从而在内表面上设置有凸起的芯管的情况下,在弯曲部处芯管的截面由于凸起而出现凹凸,因而有可能在芯管与盘管之间产生接触不良,导致传热性能下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,克服上述问题点,实现热交换器的传热性能的提高,上述热交换器具有芯管和盘管,该芯管通过压迫外表面而在内表面上形成有凸起,该盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上。并且本发明的目的在于提供一种传热性能良好的热交换器的制造方法。
本发明第一方面的热交换器具有芯管和盘管,上述芯管通过压迫外表面而在内表面形成有凸起,上述盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上,芯管具有直线部和弯曲部,在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触,在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面通过钎料结合起来。
此处,在热交换器的芯管的内表面上设置有凸起。因而可以通过设置在管内的凸起来实现热传递率的提高,从而提高热交换器整体的性能。另一方面,当在芯管上缠绕了盘管之后,将它们缠绕成长圆形的漩涡形形状,在这样的情况下,在弯曲部处,芯管的截面由于凸起而出现凹凸,因而有可能在芯管与盘管之间产生接触不良,导致传热性能下降。但在这种热交换器中,在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触,并且在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面通过钎料结合起来。因此至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,从而可以实现传热性能的提高。
本发明第二方面的热交换器的制造方法是具有芯管和盘管的热交换器的制造方法,其包括以下工序:压迫芯管的外表面以在其内表面上形成凸起的工序;将盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上的工序;在盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上的状态下,弯曲芯管的工序;以及通过钎料将盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面钎焊在一起的工序。
通常,当在设置有凸起的部分进行弯曲加工时,弯曲部处芯管的截面由于凸起而出现凹凸,所以有可能在芯管与盘管之间产生接触不良,导致传热性能下降。但在本发明中,首先压迫芯管的外表面以在内表面上形成凸起,然后将盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上,在盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上的状态下,例如使用工具等进行使芯管与盘管整体弯曲从而弯曲芯管的作业。利用这种方法,至少在与工具等接触的弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面可与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触,至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,可以实现传热性能的提高。
而且,当在设置有凸起的部分进行弯曲加工时,在弯曲作业过程中可能在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形,产生破损等。于是,以往都不在弯曲部处设置凸起,在弯曲部无法获得由凸起带来的传热性能提高的效果。但当在芯管的外表面上缠绕了盘管的状态下使芯管与盘管整体弯曲时,即使在弯曲部设置有凸起,整体的强度也会变大,可以在弯曲作业过程中抑制在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形和破损。
另外,在钎焊工序中,通过用钎料将盘管的外表面和芯管的外表面钎焊在一起,来使芯管与盘管接合,可以实现传热性能的提高。
本发明第三方面的热交换器在本发明第一方面的热交换器的基础上,该热交换器具有:芯管,其通过压迫外表面而在内表面上形成有凸起;盘管,其缠绕在芯管的外表面上;以及钎料,其将盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面钎焊在一起,其中,芯管具有弯曲部,该弯曲部是芯管在外表面上缠绕有盘管的状态下进行弯曲而形成的。
在本发明中,芯管具有直线部和弯曲部。而且弯曲部是在芯管的外表面上缠绕有盘管的状态下弯曲芯管而形成的,由此可以缠绕成:在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触。
如上所述,根据本发明可以获得以下效果。
本发明第一方面的热交换器中,在热交换器的芯管的内表面上设置有凸起,因而可以通过设置在管内的凸起来实现热传递率的提高,从而提高热交换器整体的性能。另外,当在芯管上缠绕了盘管之后,将它们缠绕成长圆形的漩涡形形状,在这样的情况下,在弯曲部处,芯管的截面由于凸起而出现凹凸,因而有可能在芯管与盘管之间产生接触不良,导致传热性能下降。但在这种热交换器中卷绕成:在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触,并且在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面与芯管的外表面通过钎料结合起来。因此至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,从而可以实现传热性能的提高。
本发明第二方面的热交换器的制造方法中,首先压迫芯管的外表面以在内表面上形成凸起,然后将盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上,在盘管缠绕在芯管的外表面上的状态下,例如使用工具等进行使芯管与盘管整体弯曲从而弯曲芯管的作业。利用这种方法,至少在弯曲作业过程中,在与工具等接触的弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管的外表面可与芯管的外表面没有间隙地接触,至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,可以实现传热性能的提高。
而且,当在设置有凸起的部分进行弯曲加工时,在弯曲作业过程中可能在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形,产生破损等。于是,以往都不在弯曲部处设置凸起,在弯曲部无法获得由凸起带来的传热性能提高的效果。但当在芯管的外表面上缠绕了盘管的状态下使芯管与盘管整体弯曲时,即使在弯曲部设置有凸起,整体的强度也会变大,可以在弯曲作业过程中抑制在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形和破损。
另外,在钎焊工序中,通过用钎料将盘管的外表面和芯管的外表面钎焊在一起,来使芯管与盘管接合,可以实现传热性能的提高。
本发明第三方面的热交换器中,至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,可以实现传热性能的提高。并且,当在芯管的外表面上缠绕有盘管的状态下使芯管与盘管整体弯曲时,即使在弯曲部设置有凸起,整体的强度也会变大,可以在弯曲作业过程中抑制在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形和破损。
附图说明
图1是热泵供热水器的示意图。
图2是水热交换器的概要图。
图3是芯管的俯视图。
图4(a)是包含热交换器的弯曲部的局部放大图,图4(b)是弯曲部的沿C-C线的剖面图。
图5(a)是表示芯管的螺旋状凸起的形成工序的图,图5(b)是表示芯管的上下对应的凸起的形成工序的图。
图6是表示芯管的弯曲部的形成工序的图。
图7(a)是表示膏状钎料的涂敷工序的图,图7(b)是表示热交换器的钎焊工序的图。
标号说明
1:供热水循环;100:热泵供热水器;2:制冷剂循环;30:水热交换器;31:芯管;311:水流入口;312:水流出口;313、413:凸起;32:盘管;33:钎料;50、60、70:弯曲用工具;100:凸起形成工具。
具体实施方式
根据附图和实施例说明本发明的热交换器。
图1是采用了本发明的热交换器的热泵式供热水器的示意图。在图1所示的热泵式供热水器中,花费较长的时间将水从大约10度单向加热到大约90度,以便高效地利用电费便宜的夜间电力。此处,热泵式供热水器具有供热水单元1和热泵单元2。供热水单元1中按顺序连接有自来水管11、贮热水箱12、水循环用泵13、供水管3、构成水热交换器30的芯管31、温水管16、混合阀17和供热水管18。这里,从自来水管11向贮热水箱12提供自来水。通过水循环用泵13将温度低的水从贮热水箱12的底部提供到水热交换器30的芯管31进行加热。加热后的温水流进贮热水箱12的上部。经由温水管16从贮热水箱12的上部出水的高温的温水通过混合阀17与混合水管19的冷水混合。所提供的热水的温度通过该混合阀17被调节,然后通过供热水管18提供给使用者。
其次,热泵单元2具备制冷剂循环回路,通过盘管32按顺序将压缩机21、水热交换器30、膨胀阀23、空气热交换器24连接起来而构成了该制冷剂循环回路。制冷剂被压缩机21压缩为高压之后,被输送到水热交换器30。在水热交换器30中进行了热交换的制冷剂通过膨胀阀23被提供给空气热交换器24。制冷剂吸收来自周围的热并回流到压缩机21中。
图2是热泵供热水器中的水热交换器30的概要图。如图2所示,水热交换器30由芯管31和盘管32构成。芯管31在同一平面上具有直线部A和弯曲部B,以成为长圆形形状的方式形成为漩涡形状,而且该芯管31形成水通道W。盘管32呈螺旋状地缠绕在芯管31的外周上,其形成制冷剂通道R。并且将芯管31中的漩涡的外周侧作为水流入口311、将芯管31中的漩涡的中心侧作为水流出口312。在水热交换器30中,盘管32内的制冷剂在制冷剂流入口322从A22方向流入并进行放热。之后,制冷剂在制冷剂流出口321从A21方向流出。在水流入口311从A11方向供给的自来水通过该热而被加热,其成为温水,并在水流出口312向A12方向流出。
下面说明芯管31。如图3所示,在本实施例中使用了这样的芯管31:在内径D为8mm的管内表面上,以管轴方向上的间距P为20mm的方式,上下对称地设置有高度H1为1mm的凸起。在图3中,仅表示出了从纸面方向观察设置在上方的凸起313。并且在芯管31的内表面上存在着平面部31a,该平面部31a上没有设置凸起。因而可通过设置于管内的凸起313来实现热传递率的提高,从而提高热交换器整体的性能。另外,芯管31在同一平面上以成为长圆形形状的方式形成为漩涡形状,并且该芯管31形成水通道W,但芯管31的弯曲半径R为40mm。此处,优选芯管31的弯曲半径R是芯管31的外径的3~5倍。
图4(a)是热泵供热水器的包括水热交换器30的弯曲部B的局部放大图,图4(b)是弯曲部的沿C-C线的剖面图。在本实施方式中,压迫内径D为8mm的芯管31的外表面,使外表面凹陷,从而在芯管31的内表面上,以管轴方向上的间距P为20mm的方式,设置有高度H1为1mm的凸起。即,在芯管31的与在内表面上形成有凸起的部位对应的外表面处形成有凹陷。并且如图4(b)的剖面图所示,呈螺旋状地把盘管32缠绕到芯管31的外周上之后,在使芯管31与盘管32整体进行了弯曲的弯曲部处,在弯曲中心D侧的部分,盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面没有间隙地接触;在弯曲部C-C的弯曲中心D侧的部分,盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面通过钎料33结合起来。另一方面,在外侧的部分,在盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面之间形成有间隙。
<热交换器的制造工序>
首先在芯管31的内表面上形成凸起313。此处,作为凸起的形成方法,可如图5(a)所示,制作形成为齿轮形状的工具100,将齿轮100的齿的部分压在芯管31的外表面上,以形成螺旋状的内表面凸起313。并且如图5(b)所示,通过对管轴(a)在对置的位置上压迫齿轮101的方法,可以形成直线排列在管轴方向上的凸起413。另外,作为凸起的形成方法,并不限于这些方法。
然后呈螺旋状地把盘管32缠绕在芯管31的外周上。之后,在盘管32缠绕在芯管31的外表面上的状态下,例如使用一般市面上销售的弯管机等工具,进行使芯管31与盘管32整体弯曲从而形成弯曲部的作业。如图6所示,在本实施方式中,由于芯管的外径为9.5mm、盘管的外径为6.2mm,所以把盘管缠绕在芯管上的状态下的外径为15.7mm左右。因而使用外径为15.9mm的折弯机来形成弯曲部。本实施例中所使用的工具由固定的工具50、60和进行工作的工具70构成。首先,在盘管32缠绕在芯管31的外表面上的状态下,把它们夹入固定的工具50和60之间,使被固定的工具70以工具50的圆心501为中心向箭头方向弯曲。在这样的作业过程中,在弯曲中心501侧,由于盘管32与芯管31沿着工具50弯曲,所以可以将它们缠绕成盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面没有间隙地接触。另外,作为工具,不限于弯管机。
通过这种方法,至少在与工具50接触的弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管32的外表面可以与芯管31的外表面没有间隙地接触。通常,如果在设置有凸起的部分进行弯曲加工,则在弯曲部芯管的截面由于凸起而出现凹凸,因而可能会产生芯管与盘管的接触不良,导致传热性能降低。但是在本发明中,首先压迫芯管31的外表面以在其内表面上形成凸起,然后把盘管32缠绕在芯管31的外表面上,至少在弯曲部的弯曲中心侧的部分,不会产生芯管31与盘管32的接触不良,可以实现传热性能的提高。
并且,当在设置有凸起的部分进行弯曲加工时,在弯曲作业过程中可能在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形,产生破损等。于是,以往不在弯曲部处设置凸起,从而在弯曲部无法获得凸起带来的传热性能提高的效果。但是,如果在芯管31的外表面上缠绕了盘管32的状态下使芯管31与盘管32整体弯曲,则即使在弯曲部设置有凸起,整体的强度也会变大,可以在弯曲作业过程中抑制在芯管外表面的凹陷部位产生大的变形和破损。
最后进行钎焊作业。首先如图7(a)所示,在芯管31上呈螺旋状地缠绕有多根盘管32的热交换器30中,把收容在容器80中的膏状钎料33涂敷在盘管32上。之后如图7(b)所示,使热交换器30通过真空炉或者气氛炉H内进行钎焊。在该过程中,盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面通过钎料33结合起来。在弯曲部B1~B6中,至少在弯曲中心侧的部分,盘管32的外表面与芯管31的外表面通过钎料33结合起来,可以实现传热性能的提高。

Claims (3)

1.一种热交换器(30),该热交换器(30)具有芯管(31)和盘管(32),上述芯管(31)通过压迫外表面而在内表面形成有凸起(313、413),上述盘管(32)缠绕在上述芯管(31)的外表面上,其特征在于,
上述芯管具有直线部(A)和弯曲部(B),
在上述弯曲部(B)的弯曲中心(b)侧的部分,上述盘管(32)的外表面与上述芯管(31)的外表面无间隙地接触,
在上述弯曲部(B)的弯曲中心(b)侧的部分,上述盘管(32)的外表面与上述芯管(31)的外表面通过钎料(33)结合起来。
2.一种热交换器(30)的制造方法,其特征在于,该热交换器(30)具有芯管(31)和盘管(32),
上述热交换器(30)的制造方法包括以下工序:
压迫上述芯管(31)的外表面以在其内表面上形成凸起(313)的工序;
将盘管(32)缠绕在上述芯管(31)的外表面上的工序;
在上述盘管(32)缠绕在上述芯管(31)的外表面上的状态下,弯曲上述芯管(31)的工序;以及
通过钎料(33)将上述盘管(32)的外表面与上述芯管(31)的外表面钎焊在一起的工序。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器(30),其特征在于,
该热交换器(30)具有:
芯管(31),其通过压迫外表面而在内表面上形成有凸起(313);
盘管(32),其缠绕在上述芯管(31)的外表面上;以及
钎料(33),其将上述盘管(32)的外表面与上述芯管(31)的外表面钎焊在一起,
上述芯管(31)具有弯曲部(B),该弯曲部(B)是上述芯管(31)在外表面上缠绕有上述盘管(32)的状态下进行弯曲而形成的。
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