CN101128653A - 排气混合系统 - Google Patents

排气混合系统 Download PDF

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CN101128653A
CN101128653A CNA2006800063362A CN200680006336A CN101128653A CN 101128653 A CN101128653 A CN 101128653A CN A2006800063362 A CNA2006800063362 A CN A2006800063362A CN 200680006336 A CN200680006336 A CN 200680006336A CN 101128653 A CN101128653 A CN 101128653A
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exhaust
distributor chamber
exhaust passage
additive
blade
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Y·T·布伊
B·蒂茹那夫卡拉苏
S·C·比斯瓦斯
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Caterpillar Inc
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Caterpillar Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3133—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit characterised by the specific design of the injector
    • B01F25/31331—Perforated, multi-opening, with a plurality of holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B01F25/43161—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod composed of consecutive sections of flat pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合排气组分的系统(18)。该系统可以包括排气通道(16)和设置在所述排气通道内的基本上封闭的分配室(28)。分配室可以包括外壁(34)和设置在外壁中的至少一个开口(38)，上述外壁(34)限定分配室体积，而上述开口(38)构造成在分配室体积和排气通道之间提供流体连通。添加剂供应装置(26)可以构造成向分配室体积中供应至少一种排气添加剂。

Description

排气混合系统
技术领域
本发明一般涉及排气混合系统，更具体地，本发明涉及与选择性催化还原系统一起使用的混合系统。
背景技术
选择性催化还原(SCR)提供一种用于从发动机、工厂和发电厂的矿物燃料动力系统中除去氮氧化物(NOX)排放物的方法。在SCR期间，催化器促进排气中NOX和氨之间的反应以便产生水和氮气，从而除去排气中的NOX。
供SCR系统使用的氨可以由液体尿素产生，上述液体尿素喷射到排气中并转变成氨。氨和排气流之间的充分混合可以改善氨与NOX之间的反应，因而减少NOX排放，并防止高度反应性氨释放到大气中。
在2004年4月20日授权给Pawson的美国专利No.6722124(下文简称“’124专利”)中公开了一种用于混合排气流的系统。’124专利的系统包括一多孔管状封闭物，所述多孔管状封闭物可以在排气流中产生高度湍动区域。所述系统还包括用于把尿素直接喷射到高度湍动的区域中以便使尿素与排气流混合的喷射器。
尽管’124专利的系统可以将尿素与排气流混合，但’124专利有几个缺点。例如，’124专利的系统可能增加高度湍动区域上游排气的压力。这种增加的压力对其它机械部件可能有严重影响。例如，增加的排气压力可能降低某些发动机的功率输出和燃料利用效率。
本发明旨在克服现有技术排气混合系统中存在的一个或多个问题或缺点。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面包括一种用于混合排气组分的系统。该系统可以包括排气通道和设置在所述排气通道内的基本上是封闭的分配室。分配室可以包括外壁和至少一个设置在所述外壁中的开口，上述外壁限定分配室体积，而上述开口构造成提供在分配室体积和排气通道之间的流体连通。添加剂供应装置可以构造成向分配室体积中供应至少一种排气添加剂。
本发明的第二方面包括一种用于混合排气组分的方法。该方法可以包括供应排气到排气通道，并通过将添加剂供应到设置在排气通道内的基本上封闭的分配室中而使排气与至少一种添加剂混合。
本发明的第三方面包括工作机。工作机可以包括发动机、排气通道、和排气混合系统，上述排气通道构造成接收由发动机产生的排气流。排气混合系统可以包括设置在排气通道内的基本上是封闭的分配室。分配室包括外壁和至少一个设置在所述外壁内的开口，上述外壁限定分配室体积，而上述开口构造成提供分配室体积和排气通道之间的流体连通。添加剂供应装置可以构造成向分配室体积中供应至少一种排气添加剂。
附图说明
图1示出按照示例性公开的实施例的包括排气混合系统的工作机；
图2示出按照示例性公开的实施例的排气混合系统；
图3A-3C示出按照示例性公开的实施例的排气混合系统的分配室；
图4A-4C提供按照示例性公开的实施例的排气混合系统的混合叶片组的侧向端视图；
图5提供按照示例性公开的实施例的排气混合系统的混合叶片组的侧向透视图；
图6A-6B提供按照示例性公开的实施例的排气混合系统的多个混合叶片组的侧向端视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明的工作机10。如图所示，工作机10包括用于产生电功率的发电机组。工作机10可以包括任何具有发动机12和排气系统14的工作机10，该工作机10包括例如抽油装置、公路卡车、挖掘机、越野车、火车、飞机、和/或远洋船。排气系统14可以包括排气通道16、排气混合系统18、和催化器20。
发动机12由于燃烧燃料如柴油、汽油、和/或煤而可能产生排气流22。排气通道16可以构造成接收由发动机12产生的排气流22。混合系统18可以将一种或多种添加剂供应到排气流22中，并可以构造成促进一种或多种添加剂与排气流22的混合，以便形成混合的排气流24。催化器20可以设置在混合系统18的下游，并可以促进一种或多种添加剂与混合的排气流24中其它组分的反应。
图2更详细示出按照示例性公开的实施例所述的排气混合系统的视图。混合系统18可以包括添加剂供应装置26，所述添加剂供应装置26构造成将一种或多种添加剂供应到基本上封闭的分配室28中。任选地，混合系统18可以包括至少一个混合叶片组30、32，所述混合叶片组设置在添加剂供应装置26和分配室28的下游。
添加剂供应装置26可以从多个合适的供应装置中选定。例如，供应装置26可以包括一个或多个喷射器、阀、泵、喷嘴、和/或出口。供应装置可以构造成根据各种工作机特点来控制一种或多种添加剂的流速、压力、和/或温度，上述工作机的特点包括例如发动机工作特点、排气通道16的尺寸、发动机12所产生的排气量、及所希望的一种或多种添加剂的作用。
供应装置26可以构造成将任何合适的添加剂供应到排气流22中。例如，供应装置26可以构造成供应各种不同的化学药品，所述化学药品包括氧化剂、还原剂、排气系统清洗剂、排气富集添加剂、和/或一种或多种可以有利于控制排气排放的添加剂。在另一个实施例中，一种或多种添加剂可以包括氨。
一种或多种添加剂可以用多个合适的形式提供。例如，一种或多种添加剂可以包括液体、气体、和/或液体与气体的组合物。供应装置26可以构造成将例如与压缩气体结合的液体如尿素供应到分配室28中。
分配室28可以包括外壁34，所述外壁34可以限定分配室体积36。外壁34可以包括至少一个开口38，所述开口38可以提供分配室体积36与排气通道16之间的流体连通。供应装置26可以构造成供应一种或多种添加剂到分配室体积36中。一种或多种添加剂可以通过至少一个开口38流入排气流22中，从而将一种或多种添加剂分配在排气通道16内。
另外，分配室28可以包括多个不同的形状和/或尺寸。分配室28的形状和/或尺寸可以根据排气通道16的尺寸和/或形状选定。例如，在一个实施例中，分配室28可以具有圆筒形状，如图2所示。圆筒形分配室28可以有一端位于供应装置26附近，且分配室28可以横跨排气通道16的直径延伸。另外，分配室28可以在其一端或两端处可选地接触排气通道16。
如上所述，分配室28可以包括至少一个在外壁34中的开口38。开口38的数量、尺寸和/或位置可以根据多个因素选定，这些因素包括例如分配室28和/或排气通道16的尺寸、由供应装置26供应的具体添加剂、和/或分配室28的形状。在一个实施例中，分配室28可以包括1至200个开口38。在另一实施例中，分配室可以包括40至60个开口38。
开口38可以用多个方式设置在外壁34上，以提供一种或多种添加剂与排气流22的合适混合。图3A-3C示出几个包括不同位置的开口38的实施例。例如，在一个实施例中，各开口38可以在外壁34上均匀间隔开(图3A)。在另一个实施例中，各开口38可以分成一个或多个排和列(图3B)。在又一实施例中，外壁34可以包括在一侧比另一侧上多的开口38(图3C)，以在上游或下游使一种或多种添加剂流入排气通道16。任何合适的开口模式都可以用来使一种或多种添加剂与排气流22混合。
如图3A-3C所示，开口38可以包括多个圆孔。然而，开口38可以包括多个不同形状，以提供一种或多种添加剂与排气流22的合适混合。例如，开口38可以包括一些具有矩形、圆形和/或方形形状的孔。在另一实施例中，开口38可以包括一个或多个细长的狭缝，所述细长的狭缝在外壁34上可以有多个合适的长度、形状和/或位置。任何合适的形状都可以选定用于开口38。
分配室28的外壁34可以用多种不同的材料生产。具体材料可以根据成本、可制造性、耐磨性、耐热性和耐腐蚀性选定。在一个实施例中，用于外壁34的具体材料可以选定为在排气流22和一种或多种添加剂如尿素和/或氨的存在下具有高耐腐蚀性。
混合系统还可以包括至少一个混合叶片组30、32，所述混合叶片组30、32设置在分配室28的下游。混合叶片组30、32可以构造成使位于周边的排气偏转，并促进位于周边的排气与一种或多种添加剂的混合。如图2所示，混合系统18包括两个叶片组30、32。然而，混合系统18可以包括任何合适数量的叶片组30、32。例如，混合系统18可以包括在0和10个之间的叶片组30、32。
叶片组30、32可以相对于分配室28设置在多个合适的位置处。叶片组30、32的具体位置可以根据多个因素选定，这些因素包括例如排气通道1 6的尺寸、排气压力、和所希望的混合程度。例如，在一个实施例中，叶片组30可以设置在分配室28的下游一距离处，所述距离等于排气通道16直径的五分一之一和3倍之间。另外，叶片组32可以设置在叶片组30下游一距离处，所述距离等于排气通道16直径的五分之一和3倍之间。叶片组30、32可以选用任何合适的位置。
混合叶片组30、32可以包括多个合适的叶片构造。例如，叶片组30、32可以各包括2-10个叶片40、42，上述叶片40、42可以用多个合适方式沿着排气通道16的圆周分布。例如，在一个实施例中，各叶片40、42可以围绕排气通道16的圆周均匀间隔开。在另一实施例中，各叶片40、42可以不均匀地间隔开。在还有另一实施例中，各叶片40、42可以在一个叶片组30中均匀间隔开，而在第二叶片组32中不均匀间隔开。可以采用任何合适的叶片40、42的数量和分布。
图4A-4C示出一个叶片组30的多个实施例，然而，这些实施例也可以适合于多个叶片组30、32。在这些实施例中，各叶片40围绕排气通道16的圆周均匀间隔开。在一个实施例中，如图4A中所示，叶片组30可以包括3个间隔约120度设置的叶片40A。在另一实施例中，如图4B中所示，叶片组30可以包括4个间隔约90度设置的叶片40B。在又一实施例中，如图4C中所示，叶片组30可以包括5个间隔约72度设置的叶片42C。
可以采用各种不同的叶片形状和尺寸。例如，每个叶片40、42都可以具有基本上是梯形的形状(如图4A-4C中所示)。可供选择地，各叶片40、42可以具有卵形、圆形、三角形、方形、或矩形形状。任何合适的叶片形状都可以使用，只要叶片40、42能使排气流从排气通道16偏转流向排气通道的中心就行。
另外，叶片40、42可以相对于排气通道16成一定角度44定向，如图5中所示。可以选定任何合适的角度，以使排气从排气通道16的周边偏转朝向排气通道16的中心。角度44可以根据排气通道16的尺寸、叶片40、42的尺寸和/或对排气通道16中压力的控制来选定。在一个实施例中，角度44可以在约10度和90度之间，在另一实施例中，叶片40、42与排气通道16的夹角可以在约20度和40度之间。
此外，一个外片组30的叶片40可以与另一叶片组32的叶片42进行特殊的对准。例如，图6A-6B示出叶片组30、32各种可能的对准。在一个实施例中，如图6A所示，叶片组30、32可以各具有4个叶片40、42，所述4个叶片40、42在同一组中各叶片间隔开90度，而一个叶片组30的各叶片40可以偏离第二叶片组32的各叶片42约45度。在另一实施例中，如图6B所示，一个叶片组30的各叶片40可以与第二叶片组32的各叶片42对准。可以选定任何对准，以提供所希望的排气流22与一种或多种添加剂混合的程度。
混合系统18可以设计用于控制排气通道16中从混合系统18的一边到另一边的压降。从混合系统18的一边到另一边的压降可以通过测量混合系统18上游的排气压力与混合系统18下游的排气压力的差值确定。在一个实施例中，混合系统18可以构造成产生小于约1英寸水柱的压降(约249帕斯卡)。特别地，在一个实施例中，混合系统18可以构造成产生小于约0.5英寸水柱(约124.5帕斯卡)的压降。
可以通过选定一定尺寸和形状的分配室28和叶片组30、32来控制压降。例如，在一个实施例中，排气通道16可以有直径约10英寸的圆形横截面几何形状。混合系统18可以包括分配室28及两组混合叶片30、32，上述分配室28具有圆筒形状并横跨排气通道16的直径延伸。分配室28可以具有约0.6至0.8英寸的圆筒直径，并可以包括约40-60个直径在约0.1至0.3英寸的圆形开口38。叶片组30、32可以各包括4个叶片40、42，所述4个叶片40、42间隔开90度，并具有约4-5英寸的长度和约3-4英寸的宽度。一个叶片组30可以相对于第二叶片组32偏置约45度。
分配室28和混合叶片40、42的具体尺寸和形状可以根据其它机械特点改变。例如，分配室28和叶片40、42可以根据排气通道的尺寸制得较大或较小。另外，某些机械可以包括产生低排气压力的发动机。可选地或此外，某些机械可以用其它部件如压力感应系统、通风孔、和/或减压阀来控制排气压力。在这些机械中，可以使用较大或较小的分配室28和/或混合叶片40、42。
催化器20可以包括多个合适的催化器类型。例如，催化器20可以包括SCR催化器、三效催化器、和/或氧化催化器。另外，在排气通道16中可以包括多个催化器20，并且这些催化器可以设置在混合系统18的上游和/或下游。在一个实施例中，催化器20可以包括SCR催化器，而供应装置26可以构造成将尿素和氨的其中至少一种供应到分配室体积36中。
工业实用性
本发明提供一种排气混合系统。该混合系统可以用来将一种或多种添加剂如尿素或氨与排气流混合。该混合系统可以与其中需要使一种或多种添加剂与排气流混合的任何机械一起使用。
系统18可以包括设置在排气通道16中SCR催化器系统20上游的分配室28。氨和/或尿素可以喷入分配室28中，以促进与排气流22的混合。混合系统18可以具有若干优于其它混合系统的优点。混合系统18可以在排气通道16的包括中心和周边区域的所有区域中充分混合。充分混合可以促进氨在SCR催化器20处与NOX完全反应，从而减少NOX排放并防止氨流走。
应该注意，尽管混合系统18特别说明供与SCR催化器一起使用，但混合系统18可以与任何催化器系统一起使用。例如，混合系统18可以构造成使一种或多种排气富集剂和/或还原剂与排气流22混合。这些富集剂和/或还原剂可以与排气流22混合，以促进需要不同催化器类型的多个排气系统的操作。这些操作可以包括例如排气系统脱硫、机上氨生产、诊断测试等。
本发明的混合系统18可以在不牺牲发动机性能的情况下提供充分的混合。排气通道16流路的任何改变，包括增加混合系统18，都可能影响排气通道16内排气的压力。特别地，某些混合系统可能在上游机械部件，包括发动机12，上产生高的背压。高的背压可能严重影响这些部件的运转，同时减少功率输出并使燃料利用效率变差。本发明的混合系统18可以在不显著改变排气压力的情况下提供排气流22与添加剂的充分混合。
对该领域的技术人员来说显然的是，可以对上述系统和方法进行各种修改和变型，而不会脱离本发明的范围。对该领域的技术人员来说，通过考虑说明书和文中公开的实施例的应用，所公开的系统和方法的另一些实施例将变得显而易见。说明书和实施例仅应看作是示例性的，本发明的实际范围由下面的权利要求书及其等效物指出。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合排气组分的系统(18)，包括：
排气通道(16)；
设置在排气通道内的基本上封闭的分配室(28)，所述分配室包括：
限定分配室体积(36)的外壁(34)；和
设置在外壁中的至少一个开口(38)，该开口构造成在分配室体积和排气通道之间提供流体连通；以及
构造成将至少一种排气添加剂供应到分配室体积中的添加剂供应装置(26)。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括设置在分配室下游的至少一组叶片(30)。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，排气添加剂包括尿素。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括设置在分配室下游的至少一个催化器(20)。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，从该系统的一边到另一边的排气压降小于1英寸水柱。
6.一种用于混合排气组分的方法，包括：
将排气(22)供应到排气通道(16)；和
通过将添加剂供应到设置在排气通道内的基本封闭的分配室(28)中而使排气与至少一种添加剂混合。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括用至少一组叶片(30)在分配室的下游混合排气流。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，排气添加剂包括尿素。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括使至少一部分排气和至少一种添加剂接触催化器(20)。
10.一种工作机(10)，包括权利要求1-5所述的排气混合系统(18)。
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