CN101116864A - Method for restoring vegetation system the soil of which is in combined pollution of vestalium, zinc, plumbi and cuprum - Google Patents
Method for restoring vegetation system the soil of which is in combined pollution of vestalium, zinc, plumbi and cuprum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant system repairing method for composite polluted soil of chromium, zinc, lead and copper. According to the invention, Sedum alfredii H and Elsholtzia harchowensis are intercropped in the composite polluted soil of chromium, zinc, lead and copper, the root system of the Sedum alfredii H absorbs chromium, zinc and lead, the Elsholtzia harchowensis absorbs copper, and the Sedum alfredii H and the Elsholtzia harchowensis transport the pollutions to the overground part, the overground part is harvested and removed regularly or according to the growth height of the Sedum alfredii H and the Elsholtzia harchowensis, thereby removing a plurality of chromium, zinc, lead and copper from the soil, the biological normal position repair for the composite polluted soil of chromium, zinc, lead and copper can be implemented. The method is economic and convenient, and has no secondary pollution, and the invention can conserve both moisture and soil, and can beautify the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the botanical system restorative procedure of cadmium zinc lead bronze combined contamination soil, belong to the improvement technical field of contaminated soil.
Background technology
The soil area of China's heavy metal pollution has reached 2,000 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 1/5 of total area under cultivation.From updated research research result, China's heavy metal pollution of soil is on the rise, and based on combined pollution.Beijing, Guangdong, the several industrial and minerals in Liaoning and dirty irrigated area heavy metal pollution of soil status investigation are shown, the heavy metal content in soil in industrial and mining area and dirty irrigated area generally exceeds standard, the zinc in soil content of chronic administration mud can reach 370～470mg/kg, and cadmium content is up to 130mg/kg in some dirty irrigated area agricultural land soils.China produces and uses plumbous relevant enterprise, and lead dust and lead fume exceed standard 13-1417 doubly in the air, and leaded grit can directly drop to ground in the atmosphere, makes soil suffer plumbous pollution.Some suburb, industrial city agricultural land soil lead contents are higher than more than 100 times of background value.Development of mines, the discharging of industry " three wastes ", the unreasonable use of domestic waste, mud and cupric agricultural chemicals (as Bordeaux mixture), barnyard manure agricultural, cause soil particularly the copper content in the agricultural land soil sharply increase.The soil of heavy metal pollution, not only soil fertility degeneration reduces crop yield and quality, worsens water environment, and can jeopardize human life and health by food chain.Zinc as the human body excess intake can cause symptoms such as rapid heart beat, vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive lead can cause central lesion, tired out, headache, spasm, phrenoblabia etc. occur, renal tubular function obstacle that cadmium can cause and glomerular filtration rate(GFR descend or the like.
At present, comparatively ripe and physical chemistry technology that be used for the heavy metal pollution of soil reparation has: soil moved in to improve the original, the technology of digging, drip washing technology, heat treatment technics, electrolysis tech, curing technology.Above-mentioned physical chemistry recovery technique respectively has its advantage, but all exists quantities big, the expense costliness, be difficult to launch the improvement of massive pollution soil, cause secondary pollution easily simultaneously and cause soil texture to destroy, ecological problems such as soil activation decline and soil fertility degeneration.Phytoremediation (phytoremediation) is that a kind of can the realization purifies the new technology that target can produce good economic benefits again and have exploitation value, compares with traditional physical chemistry technology, possesses skills and double dominant economically.
Cadmium content generally is no more than 1mg kg in the common plant
-1, lead content generally is no more than 5mgkg
-1, the normal contents of copper is 5-20mg/kg, excessive heavy metal has very big toxicity to common plant, on cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil, plants common plant and is difficult to reach quick cadmium, zinc, lead, the cuprum compound polluted thing purpose removed from contaminated soil.Sedum alfredii Hance is the zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant that China finds first, simultaneously lead had very high accumulation ability, cadmium, zinc, the lead of high-load in the soil had very strong restrain oneself, absorption and accumulation ability, Elsholtzia haichowensis also is that I cross distinctive copper hyperaccumulative plant, and being used in combination in the heavy-metal composite pollution soil remediation of two kinds of hyperaccumulative plants has broad application prospects.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of small investment, non-secondary pollution, the plant in-situ remediation method of improvement cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil.
For achieving the above object, the present invention manages in conjunction with corresponding agronomic measures simultaneously by intercropping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis on by cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil.Absorb cadmium, zinc, lead, copper in a large number and upwards transport and be transported to overground part by Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis root system, gather in overground part and it is transferred to other place and focus on, then can take away a large amount of cadmiums, zinc, lead, copper in the soil environment, from contaminated soil, remove cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted thing purpose fast thereby reach.
The botanical system in-situ remediation method of cadmium zinc lead bronze combined contamination soil provided by the invention, step is as follows:
1) being planted Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis with intercropping system, uses azophoska and fertilizer, promote the root growth of Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis by cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil;
2) periodical reaping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis are gathered in Sedum alfredii Hance first and are growth 3-4 month, later every growth 3 months or grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, and overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting; The elsholtzia splendens growth is its overground part of harvesting after 10 months, gathers in its overground part when whenever growing into 80～100cm height later on;
3) Sedum alfredii Hance of harvesting and Elsholtzia haichowensis being transferred to other place focuses on or carries out resource processing and handle.
Sedum alfredii Hance (Sedum alfredii Hance) is a herbaceos perennial, stem, mesophyll matter shape; Root-like stock is horizontal to be walked, the leaf alternate, and bottom Ye Chang comes off.Different with general plant, Sedum alfredii Hance is a kind of new zinc, cadmium hyperaccumulative plant, simultaneously lead is had very strong accumulation ability, cadmium, zinc, the lead of high-load in the soil is had very strong restrain oneself, absorption and accumulation ability.Under the field condition, the overground part dry weight can reach 3219kg/hm
2, overground part Zn content range is 4134～5000mg/kg, and mean value is 4515mg/kg, and the cadmium content scope is at 247～381mg/kg, and lead content is 177mg/kg.Under the lower situation of zinc in soil, cadmium, lead content, also can a large amount of zinc, cadmium, the lead of enrichment in the Sedum alfredii Hance body, so it can repair the soil of serious pollution and slight pollution.Absorb zinc, cadmium, lead in a large number by the plantation Sedum alfredii Hance, from contaminated soil, remove cadmium, zinc, land pollutant purpose fast thereby reach.
Elsholtzia splendens is the annual herb plant, and stem is upright, in the open air up to 50～150cm.According to estimates, the dry matter production of elsholtzia splendens can reach 4.5t/hm in the open air
2Elsholtzia splendens has extremely strong patience to copper, and external enwergy out of office is a normal growth in 1645～8950mg/kg soil environment in copper content, and the copper content of its root system and aerial part can be up to 2288mg/kg and 304mg/kg, far above general plant (0～30mg/kg).In the with serious pollution soil of Cu, elsholtzia splendens can and be restrained oneself high-caliber copper by powerful and intensive root system absorption and enrichment, and the copper content of overground part can reach 0.89～1.42kg/hm
2, can reduce the copper content in the soil behind the results overground part.
Sedum alfredii Hance and elsholtzia splendens can be grown in the soil environment of pH5-8, and wide adaptability can be used for restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal in the most of area of China.Under the basic soil condition, the validity of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper is low, influences the absorption of Sedum alfredii Hance to it, can reduce soil pH value by the mugineic acid material, improves absorption and the enrichment of Sedum alfredii Hance to cadmium, zinc, lead, copper.In implementation process, can also be in conjunction with agronomic measures, as using fertilizer, the physicochemical property of improving the soil promotes moving Sedum alfredii Hance root growth, improves biomass, quicken Sedum alfredii Hance to the absorption of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper and and to the transhipment of overground part, improve remediation efficiency.
Sedum alfredii Hance is a herbaceos perennial, it is slower to transplant the back growth fraction in 1 year, gather in first after growth 3-4 month, later every growth harvesting in 3 months once or Sedum alfredii Hance grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting.Therefore when utilizing Sedum alfredii Hance to repair the zinc cadmium pollution soil, notice that the time and the each stem that gather in stay height, in order to avoid the effect that influence is repaired and administered.After elsholtzia splendens grows to 10 months, or when looking the elsholtzia splendens height and being 80～100cm, can gather in the elsholtzia splendens overground part, transfer to other local pooling of resources processing, and reclaim element wherein, avoid causing secondary pollution.
The speed of Sedum alfredii Hance vegetative propagation (based on the strain bud) is very fast, can form good ground and cover in short growth period, and its cover degree almost can reach 100%.On the other hand, Sedum alfredii Hance also has the characteristics that are suitable for cradling, and when other environmental condition is comparatively suitable, can cradle 3～4 batches of this plant shoots of results in 1 year.Annual Sedum alfredii Hance will be up to 180kg/hm to the zinc removing amount of soil edge
2, cadmium removing amount will be up to 1.80kg/hm
2, 1.44 kg/hm are measured in plumbous removing
2The Sedum alfredii Hance overground part is fit to scale, mechanized operation up to 40 centimetres simultaneously.
The Sedum alfredii Hance of harvesting and elsholtzia splendens should be transferred to other place and focus on or carry out resource processing and handle.And can reclaim wherein cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, and avoid producing secondary pollution, can directly produce economic benefit simultaneously.
Compare with traditional contaminated soil improvement method, the present invention repairs cadmium, zinc, lead bronze combined contamination soil by intercropping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, utilize Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis to the absorption of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper with to the transhipment of overground part, by the harvesting overground part, reach and from soil environment, take away cadmium, zinc, lead, copper pollutant purpose.Simultaneously in conjunction with the agronomic measures of using azophoska and fertilizer, improve the soil physical chemistry condition, improve the biological effectiveness of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, promote the growth of Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis root system, reinforcement improves remediation efficiency to the absorption of cadmium, zinc, lead, copper with to the transhipment of overground part.This method small investment, quantities is little, and administrative skill is less demanding, does not destroy soil physico-chemical property, non-secondary pollution, and can conserve water and soil, beautify the environment.Be a kind of applied range, small investment, maintenance cost low, simple to operate " green recovery technique ".The invention solves the reparation and the governing problem of cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil, have good social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit, in cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil remediation, have broad application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the result of the test of Sedum alfredii Hance in the embodiments of the invention 1; Among the figure, a figure is the output of per hectare Sedum alfredii Hance, and b figure is the removing amount of per hectare cadmium, and c figure is the removing amount of per hectare zinc, and d figure is the removing amount of per hectare lead;
Fig. 2 is the result of the test of Sedum alfredii Hance in the embodiments of the invention 2; Among the figure, a figure is the output of per hectare Sedum alfredii Hance, and b figure is the removing amount of per hectare cadmium, and c figure is the removing amount of per hectare zinc, and d figure is the removing amount of per hectare lead;
Fig. 3 is the result of the test of Elsholtzia haichowensis in the embodiments of the invention, and among the figure, a figure is the output of per hectare Elsholtzia haichowensis, and b figure is the removing amount of per hectare copper.
The specific embodiment
Following example will further specify the feasibility and the effect of the inventive method.
Embodiment 1
Containing zinc 2001mg/kg, cadmium 21.15mg/kg, plumbous 1503mg/kg, copper 1435mg/kg combined contamination soil intercropping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, use azophoska, growing period manages by traditional crop management method.Sedum alfredii Hance is filled the gaps with seedlings after the results transplanting for the first time back 4 months results aerial parts, carries out after-crop after 3 months, and Elsholtzia haichowensis is gathered in the crops after 10 months in growth.After measured, after the results, the dry output of Sedum alfredii Hance is 600kg/hm for the first time
2, the overground part cadmium content is 207mg/kg, and zinc content is 10587mg/kg, and lead content is 117mg/kg, and the cadmium of taking away from soil, zinc, lead are respectively 0.12kg/hm
2, 6.35kg/hm
2And 0.07kg/hm
2(see figure 1), after the after-crop, the dry output of Sedum alfredii Hance is 2141kg/hm
2, the overground part cadmium content is 149mg/kg, and zinc content is 18761mg/kg, and lead content is 125mg/kg, takes away cadmium, zinc, lead and be respectively 0.32kg/hm from soil
2, 40.0kg/hm
2And 0.28kg/hm
2(see figure 1).The soil cadmium content is changed to 20.7mg/kg by 21.15mg/kg after twice results, the total cadmium that is equivalent in the soil reduces 2.2%, zinc in soil content is changed to 1978mg/kg by 2001mg/kg, the total zinc that is equivalent in the soil reduces 1.2%, lead content is changed to 1408mg/kg by 1503mg/kg, is equivalent to the total plumbous minimizing 6.3% in the soil.Later every growth 3 months harvesting once or Sedum alfredii Hance grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, the cadmium in the soil, zinc, lead content constantly reduce.Elsholtzia splendens overground part biological yield can reach 9200kg/ha after planting a season, and the copper content that overground part is removed in the soil environment is 0.89kg/hm
2(Fig. 3).
Embodiment 2
Containing zinc 2001mg/kg, cadmium 21.15mg/kg, plumbous 1503mg/kg, copper 1435mg/kg combined contamination soil intercropping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, use azophoska and fertilizer, growing period manages by traditional crop management method.Sedum alfredii Hance is filled the gaps with seedlings after the results transplanting for the first time back 4 months results aerial parts, carries out after-crop after 3 months, and Elsholtzia haichowensis is gathered in the crops after 10 months in growth.After measured, after the results, the dry output of Sedum alfredii Hance is 1278kg/ha for the first time, and the overground part cadmium content is 193.5mg/kg, and zinc content is 10000mg/kg, and lead content is 177mg/kg, and the cadmium of taking away from soil, zinc, lead are respectively 0.24kg/hm
2, 12.78kg/hm
2And 0.23kg/hm
2(see figure 2), after the after-crop, the dry output of Sedum alfredii Hance is 3219kg/ha, and the overground part cadmium content is 180mg/kg, and zinc content is 19413mg/kg, and lead content is 139.6mg/kg, takes away cadmium, zinc, lead and be respectively 0.58kg/hm from soil
2, 62.5kg/hm
2And 0.45kg/hm
2(see figure 2).The soil cadmium content is changed to 20.48mg/kg by 21.15mg/kg after twice results, the total cadmium that is equivalent in the soil reduces 3.2%, zinc in soil content is changed to 1951mg/kg by 2001mg/kg, the total zinc that is equivalent in the soil reduces 2.5%, lead content is changed to 1403mg/kg by 1503mg/kg, is equivalent to the total plumbous minimizing 6.6% in the soil.Later every growth 3 months harvesting once or Sedum alfredii Hance grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, the cadmium in the soil, zinc, lead content constantly reduce.Elsholtzia splendens overground part biological yield can reach 9300kg/hm after planting a season
2, the copper content that overground part is removed in the soil environment is 1.44kg/hm
2(Fig. 3).Application of organic fertilizers has obviously promoted the growth of Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, improved biomass, has promoted root system that cadmium, zinc, lead, copper are absorbed and to the transhipment of overground part, improves remediation efficiency.
Claims (1)
1. the botanical system restorative procedure of cadmium zinc lead bronze combined contamination soil is characterized in that:
1) being planted Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis with intercropping system, uses azophoska and fertilizer, promote the root growth of Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis by cadmium, zinc, lead, cuprum compound polluted soil;
2) periodical reaping Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis are gathered in Sedum alfredii Hance first and are growth 3-4 month, later every growth 3 months or grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, and overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting; The elsholtzia splendens growth is its overground part of harvesting after 10 months, gathers in its overground part when whenever growing into 80～100cm height later on;
3) Sedum alfredii Hance of harvesting and Elsholtzia haichowensis being transferred to other place focuses on or carries out resource processing and handle.
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| CN107737805A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-27 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of ecological restoring method of zinc cadmium heavy-metal contaminated soil |
| CN109772880A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Application of eight king of river in remediating heavy metal cadmium zinc-copper lead-contaminated soil |
| CN109967522A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | 河南小威环境科技有限公司 | A method of removal heavy metal in soil cadmium and zinc |
| CN110216137A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-10 | 河南小威环境科技有限公司 | A method of it repairs by heavy-metal contaminated soil |
| CN110523772A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 安徽禾美环保集团有限公司 | A kind of chromium-copper combined pollution plant restoration method |
| CN111069272A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-28 | 广东东图规划科技有限公司 | Method for repairing soil pollution |
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