CN102553903A - Remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps that: the heavy metal contaminated soil with lower soil nutrient and organic matter contents is selected to be remedied; the remediation plant sedum plumbizincicola is planted; an organic waste and a bio-surfactant are respectively added at a rhizosphere when the plant height grow to be 5 to 10cm; the bio-surfactant is repeatedly added to the soil every 60d; and after the remediation plant matures, the ground and underground parts are harvested and are centrally treated; and the content of heavy metal in soil is determined. By adding agricultural organic wastes, the soil nutrient and organic matter contents are improved, the increase of plant growth and root exudates is promoted, thus increasing the accumulation of heavy metal in underground roots and ground stems and leaves of the plants, and the quantity of rhizosphere soil microbes. The heavy metals are desorbed from soil particles by the bio-surfactant so as to improve the bioavailability of the heavy metals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated environment recovery technique field, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing industrial or agricultural organic waste and biosurfactant to strengthen restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
Background technology
The heavy metal pollution wide material sources, contaminative is strong and be difficult to control.The heavy metal that gets in the soil can not be decomposed and in the medium-term and long-term accumulation of soil by microorganism, and some is final after by crop absorption to get into human body through the food chain effect, has certain ecological risk.At present, China receives nearly ten million hectare of the cultivated area of heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, accounts for 1/5 of total area under cultivation.Nearly ten million ton in the grain of annual heavy metal pollution, and then cause enormous economic loss.Therefore, our heavy-metal contaminated soil being controlled and administered is one of major issue that needs to be resolved hurrily in the field of environment protection.
Phytoremediation technology is a kind of green recovery technique, have the investment low, simple to operate, non-secondary pollution can be used for advantages such as large-area pollution control.But, a variety of causes such as soil nutrient, weather, temperature and pollutant biological effectiveness are low, and the hyperaccumulative plant biomass is generally lower; Poor growth, phytoremediation efficient is limited, therefore; Need on the phytoremediation basis, take some enhancements to improve its efficient.
The kind of industrial or agricultural organic waste is a lot, and the organic waste of aquaculture mainly is farm animal excrements such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung; Paper-making industry mainly is a bark, reed and secondary stock; The main rice husk of plant husbandry, mushroom slag, corncob, stalk and cotton seed hulls etc.Raising along with the level of production; The present various industrial or agricultural organic waste discharge capacitys of China increase gradually; Bring direct and indirect infringement and pollution to environment, and owing to containing the waste that a large amount of organic substances and nutrient cause resource in the organic waste.Organic waste is used after processing such as compost fermentation has good effect to soil physico-chemical property and plant growth.Research shows; Organic waste (furfural dregs, sheep excrement, maize straw, rape cake) is used by different volumetric ratios after hot fermentation is handled has desirable influence to soil physico-chemical property and crop yield, and soil quality (total porosity, crumb structure, pondage, the soil organism, alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, quick-acting K, CEC) and crop yield and quality all have increase in various degree.Lower to the heavy-metal contaminated soil nutrient and the content of organic matter, plant growth rate is slow, and remediation efficiency is low; Soil microbial activities and quantity are also lower; The problems such as activation process of remote-effects heavy metal ion; We add nutrient and the abundant industrial or agricultural organic waste of the content of organic matter in soil, thus growth of effective stimulus plant and edaphon quantity and active increase.At present, the industrial or agricultural organic waste is rarely reported in the application in heavy-metal contaminated soil phytoremediation field.
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Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves:The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing industrial or agricultural organic waste and biosurfactant to strengthen restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.This method can improve plant greatly and draw heavy metal efficient, and has environmental friendliness, non-secondary pollution, economy and characteristics such as workable.
Technical scheme:A kind of method of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, step is following:
(1) select soil nutrient and the lower heavy-metal contaminated soil of the content of organic matter to repair; The quick-acting nitrogen contents of the nutrient of selected soil are less than 200 mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents is less than 50 mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is lower than 150 mg/kg, and soil organic matter content is lower than 20 g/kg;
(2) Implant Prosthesis plant companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop;
(3) by the time plant when growing to plant height 5 ~ 10 cm, the district adds organic waste and biosurfactant respectively at the plant roots circle; Said organic waste is fermentation cow dung, papermaking dry powder or mushroom slag, and applied amount is fermentation cow dung 0.5% ~ 2%wt, papermaking dry powder 0.05% ~ 0.5%wt, mushroom slag 1% ~ 3%wt; Described biosurfactant produces bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa liquid fermentation gained by rhamnolipid, according to 0.03 g/kg ~ 0.06 g/kg addition is sprayed in the soil uniformly;
(4) every at a distance from 60 d, repeat to apply biosurfactant one time to soil;
(5) after the rehabilitation plant maturation, results ground and under ground portion focus on;
(6) measure heavy metal content in soil.
In the step (2), said rehabilitation plant is companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop, and the row spacing of plantation is 1.0 ~ 1.2 m, and ridge length is 15 ~ 20 m, and the plant line space is 0.2 ~ 0.3 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.15 m, every ridge plantation 3 ~ 4 row.
In the step (3), said organic waste applies mode: in plant roots loop diameter 5 ~ 25 cm scopes, the degree of depth is that the soil layer place of 5 ~ 10 cm applies, and stirs with soil.
Be chosen in 150 ~ 180 d the growth period of said rehabilitation plant companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop.
Beneficial effect:
The invention has the advantages that: through adding the industrial or agricultural organic waste; Improve the soil nutrient and the content of organic matter; Promote the increase of plant growth and root exudates, and then increase heavy metal accumulation and rhizosphere soil microorganism quantity in plant underground roots portion and ground cauline leaf.And through biosurfactant heavy metal desorb from the soil particle is got off, improve the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.
According to experimental result, the organic waste addition is respectively fermentation cow dung 0.5% ~ 2% (mass fraction), papermaking dry powder 0.05% ~ 0.5% (mass fraction); Mushroom slag 1% ~ 3% (mass fraction), organic waste are that soil provides abundant nutrient and organic matter, but because heavy metal and the humus content of the soil have substantial connection; After soil organic carbon increases; The also corresponding increase of its adsorption capacity to heavy metal is so the content of organic waste can not infinitely increase.The optimum addition of rhamnolipid is 0.03 g/kg ~ 0.06 g/kg; This is mainly determined by the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of this material; The critical micelle concentration of rhamnolipid is 250 mg, by document and this experimental result, adds concentration more than 1CMC; Not only can effectively promote heavy metal desorption from the soil particle, also can promote the plant growth.Simultaneously, from adding cost consideration, be not that dosage is high more good more, comprehensive repair cost and experiment effect, the optimum addition of rhamnolipid are 0.03 g/kg ~ 0.06 g/kg.Compare with contrast, after the plantation plant is added organic waste and biosurfactant, supply examination heavy metal in soil concentration to reduce in various degree, its clearance reaches 9.8% ~ 30.1%.This result shows nutrient in the organic waste and growth of organic effective stimulus plant and microbial activity increase; And biosurfactant is with the repair mechanisms of heavy metal from the soil particle desorption; Promoted heavy metal from soil, to transfer to the plant shoot branch, be a kind of desirable, cheaply, the combined remediation method of the friendly type of environmental protection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 different disposal heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content [handles 1: plant; Handle 2: plant+fermentation cow dung (5 g); Handle 3: plant+fermentation cow dung (10 g); Handle 4: plant+fermentation cow dung (5 g)+rhamnolipid (2 g); Handle 5: plant+fermentation cow dung (10 g)+rhamnolipid (2 g)];
Fig. 2 different disposal heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content [handles 1: plant; Handle 2: plant+papermaking dry powder (1 g); Handle 3: plant+papermaking dry powder (2 g); Handle 4: plant+papermaking dry powder (1 g)+rhamnolipid (1 g); Handle 5: plant+papermaking dry powder (2 g)+rhamnolipid (1 g)];
Fig. 3 different disposal heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content [handles 1: plant; Handle 2: plant+mushroom slag (10 g); Handle 3: plant+mushroom slag (20 g); Handle 4: plant+mushroom slag (10 g)+rhamnolipid (2 g); Handle 5: plant+mushroom slag (20 g)+rhamnolipid (2 g)];
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
At the contaminated soil of heavy metal cadmium content 1.02 mg/kg, quick-acting nitrogen content 154.5 mg/kg of the nutrient of soil, available phosphorus contents 23 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 85 mg/kg, soil organic matter content 7.8 g/kg; With bunch planting way plantation companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop, the plantation line-spacing is 0.3 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.15 m, and the management method according to common crops behind plant survival is managed; When treating that plant grows to plant height 10 cm; The red-spotted stonecrop root loop diameter 25 cm scopes in the companion ore deposit; In soil, apply fermentation cow dung 10 g, in soil, applying 0.5 L concentration after mixing again is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors, mixes about earthing 2 cm of back; It is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors that every separated 60d repeats in soil, to apply 0.5 L concentration, mixes.Cultivate collection soil sample behind 180 d, and analyze the heavy metal in soil cadmium content and change, estimate repairing effect.
Behind 180 d; The soil heavy metal cadmium content data is seen shown in Figure 1; Wherein, the heavy metal cadmium content of phytoremediation (handling 1) is reduced to 0.908 mg/kg separately, and it is 0.755 mg/kg that the plantation plant is added fermentation cow dung (handling 3) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously; Adding fermentation cow dung and rhamnolipid (handling 5) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously is 0.713 mg/kg, and enhancements (handling 3 and 5) has improved 137% and 174% respectively than independent phytoremediation efficient.
Embodiment 2:
At the contaminated soil of heavy metal cadmium content 1.87 mg/kg, quick-acting nitrogen content 129.1 mg/kg of the nutrient of soil, available phosphorus contents 45 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 114 mg/kg, soil organic matter content 12 g/kg; With bunch planting way plantation companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop, the plantation line-spacing is 0.3 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.2 m, and the management method according to common crops behind plant survival is managed; When treating that plant grows to plant height 10 cm; The red-spotted stonecrop root loop diameter 20 cm scopes in the companion ore deposit apply papermaking dry powder 2 g, simultaneously in soil; In soil, applying 0.25 L concentration is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors; Mix about earthing 2 cm of back, whenever repeating in soil, to apply 0.25 L concentration at a distance from 60 d is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors, mixes.Cultivate collection soil sample behind 180 d, and analyze the heavy metal in soil cadmium content and change, estimate repairing effect.
Behind 180 d; The soil heavy metal cadmium content data is seen shown in Figure 2; Wherein, the heavy metal cadmium content of phytoremediation (handling 1) is reduced to 1.75 mg/kg separately, and it is 1.61 mg/kg that the plantation plant is added papermaking dry powder (handling 3) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously; Adding papermaking dry powder and rhamnolipid (handling 5) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously is 1.45 mg/kg, and enhancements (handling 3 and 5) has improved 117% and 250% respectively than independent phytoremediation efficient.
Embodiment 3:
At the contaminated soil of heavy metal cadmium content 2.55 mg/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen content 81.1mg/kg of the nutrient of soil, available phosphorus contents 33 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 84 mg/kg, soil organic matter content is lower than 8.3 g/kg; With bunch planting way plantation companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop, the plantation line-spacing is 40 cm, and the management method according to common crops behind plant survival is managed; When treating that plant grows to plant height 12 cm; The red-spotted stonecrop root loop diameter 20 cm scopes in the companion ore deposit apply two spore mushroom mushroom slag 20 g, simultaneously in soil; In soil, applying 0.5 L concentration is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors; Mix about earthing 2 cm of back, it is 4 g/L rhamnolipid fermentation liquors that every separated 60d repeats in soil, to apply 0.5 L concentration, mixes.Cultivate collection soil sample behind 180 d, and analyze the heavy metal in soil cadmium content and change, estimate repairing effect.
Behind 180 d; The soil heavy metal cadmium content data is seen shown in Figure 3; Wherein, the heavy metal cadmium content of phytoremediation (handling 1) is reduced to 2.41mg/kg separately, and it is 2.27 mg/kg that the plantation plant is added mushroom slag (handling 3) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously; Adding mushroom slag and rhamnolipid (handling 5) back heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content simultaneously is 2.18 mg/kg, and enhancements (handling 3 and 5) has improved 100% and 164% respectively than independent phytoremediation efficient.
Surfactant is mainly through with the heavy metal in soil ion complexation and reduce the surface tension dual mode and reduce the adhesiveness of soil and heavy metal, thereby helps complex compound to separate the micella of entering surfactant from soil particle.Compare with chemical surfactant, rhanolipid as biosurfactant removes the characteristic that possesses surfactant, also has environmental friendliness, non-secondary pollution and economic dispatch characteristics, has very big potential application foreground in the environment remediation field.In addition, rhamnolipid can promote the plant growth in the finite concentration scope.
The present invention improves physicochemical properties such as soil porosity, aggregate structure and the content of organic matter through organic waste; Promote the plant growth through increasing nutrient; Improve phytoremediation efficient; The increase of nutrient and plant rhizosphere secretion further improves rhizosphere soil microorganism quantity and metabolic activity, increases its conversion to the heavy metal biological available state.Humus in the organic waste also has certain suction-operated to heavy metal, can effectively weaken the animal migration of heavy metal in soil.Through the interpolation of surfactant, further improve heavy metal ion and get off from the soil particle desorption.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal is characterized in that, step is following:
(1) select soil nutrient and the lower heavy-metal contaminated soil of the content of organic matter to repair; The quick-acting nitrogen contents of the nutrient of selected soil are less than 200 mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents is less than 50 mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is lower than 150 mg/kg, and soil organic matter content is lower than 20 g/kg;
(2) Implant Prosthesis plant companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop;
(3) by the time plant when growing to plant height 5 ~ 10 cm, the district adds organic waste and biosurfactant respectively at the plant roots circle; Said organic waste is fermentation cow dung, papermaking dry powder or mushroom slag, and applied amount is fermentation cow dung 0.5% ~ 2%wt, papermaking dry powder 0.05% ~ 0.5%wt, mushroom slag 1% ~ 3%wt; Described biosurfactant produces bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa liquid fermentation gained by rhamnolipid, according to 0.03 g/kg ~ 0.06 g/kg addition is sprayed in the soil uniformly;
(4) every at a distance from 60 d, repeat to apply biosurfactant one time to soil;
(5) after the rehabilitation plant maturation, results ground and under ground portion focus on;
(6) measure heavy metal content in soil.
2. the method for a kind of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2); Said rehabilitation plant is companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop; The row spacing of plantation is 1.0 ~ 1.2 m, and ridge length is 15 ~ 20 m, and the plant line space is 0.2 ~ 0.3 m; Spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.15 m, every ridge plantation 3 ~ 4 row.
3. the method for a kind of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1; It is characterized in that in the step (3), said organic waste applies mode: in plant roots loop diameter 5 ~ 25 cm scopes; The degree of depth is that the soil layer place of 5 ~ 10 cm applies, and stirs with soil.
4. the method for a kind of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1 is chosen in 150 ~ 180 d the growth period that it is characterized in that said rehabilitation plant companion ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop.
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Application publication date: 20120711 |