CN101066807A - Sewage treating micro algae apparatus and process - Google Patents
Sewage treating micro algae apparatus and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101066807A CN101066807A CN 200710057507 CN200710057507A CN101066807A CN 101066807 A CN101066807 A CN 101066807A CN 200710057507 CN200710057507 CN 200710057507 CN 200710057507 A CN200710057507 A CN 200710057507A CN 101066807 A CN101066807 A CN 101066807A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of environment protecting technology, and is especially sewage treating micro algae apparatus and process with high photosynthesis efficiency, high sewage treating efficiency and short sewage treating period. The sewage treating micro algae apparatus includes culture medium comprising carbon source of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, carbonic acid, CO2 or their mixture; nitrogen source of inorganic and/or organic nitrogen compound; phosphorus source of inorganic and/or organic iron compound; and inorganic salt selected from sodium salt, potassium salt, magnesium salt, etc. The present invention is used mainly for sewage treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental technology field, relate to sewage disposal technology, relate in particular to device and the treatment process thereof of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage.
Background technology
Water is the most basic natural resources that the mankind depend on for existence, is that other any resource institute is irreplaceable.China is the country of a lack of water, and water resources ownership per capita approximately is 25% of a world average level, and along with expanding economy, water shortage status also will be more and more serious.Therefore,, effectively save existing water resources, keep sustainable economic development, must adhere to optimizing the cycling and reutilization road of water and water in order fundamentally to solve water shortage problem.And the water surrounding that worsens has day by day more aggravated to utilize the deficiency of water resources, more and more becomes the important restraining factors of economy and social development.Thereby treasure water resources, and set up the water prevention and cure of pollution system, containment water environment degradation trend seems very urgent.
Simultaneously, China is one of the most serious country of environmental pollution in the world, the annual sewage discharge in the whole nation reaches 36,000,000,000 tons, and wherein only 10% sanitary sewage and 70% trade effluent obtain handling, and have the water outlet of half industrial sewage treatment facility not reach discharging standards approximately.Other raw sewerage directly enters rivers,lakes and seas, causes the water surrounding of China to suffer severe contamination and destruction.Some geographic drinking water sources are subjected to severe contamination, and people ' s health is caused serious harm.
The river,lake and reservior water pollution of China mainly comprises nutrition and Organic pollutants two aspects such as nitrogen phosphorus.The pollution in water body of total nitrogen, total phosphorus can cause the eutrophication of water body, causes " wawter bloom " or " red tide ", also causes serious harm for waters ecology, life production and HUMAN HEALTH.For the control of eutrophication, developed country takes the technological line of " high strength pollution treatment-natural, ecological recovers " mostly based on control nutritive salt, promptly controls external source and pollutes input and cooperate the ecological recovery measure, has obtained big effect in this respect.Contaminated river,lake and reservior water body is repaired and reduced the discharging of pollution in environment has been pressing for of socio-economic development and improvement of the ecological environment.
Sewage mainly adopts anaerobism or aerobic microorganism degradation technique except that the organism in the decontaminated water at present, therefore still contain excessive nitric acid, salt ammonia and phosphoric acid salt in the sewage of handling, so the problem of the further denitrogenation of water and dephosphorization becomes the difficult point and the emphasis of domestic and international research after the waste water second-stage treatment.If adopt physics or chemical process to remove these ions, the one, cost is very high, and the 2nd, cause the waste of secondary pollution and these nutritive substances easily.The denitrification dephosphorization technique that the sewage work of China design is at present adopted mainly by the removal of polyP bacteria at the circulation realization phosphorus of anaerobic and aerobic, is realized denitrogenation by nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria.Existing each technology all comprising space or time go up anaerobism, anoxic, aerobic three kinds of states alternately, because every kind of bacterium has different needs to nutritive substance and growth conditions, and different microorganisms all will participate in the high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization flow process of system, therefore will guarantee that all microorganisms are impossible, this system that just makes is difficult to reach efficient operation.And exist complex process equally, need artificial inflation or add organic carbon source, and cause the waste of nitrogen phosphorus nutrition.In recent decades, the secondary that utilizes little algae to handle to contain nitrogen and phosphorus and three grades of sewage because have less investment, cost is low and characteristics such as easy operation, more and more caused people's attention and obtained extensive studies.Many studies show that, many little algaes can effectively absorb and assimilate nutritive ingredients such as nitrogen in the water and phosphorus in process of growth, therefore have and handle the possibility that contains compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, can remove the organism in the decontaminated water simultaneously, the mechanism of algae purification water quality is to oxygen supply of water body by photosynthesis, increase the dissolved oxygen of water body, make aerobic bacteria can constantly carry out degradation of organic matter, algae then utilizes the organic CO2 that produces of degradation by bacteria.In addition, little Trentepohlia in a class species diversity complexity, also do not obtain the Biological resources developed far away, combination that therefore can be by screening different little algae strains, little algae and little algae and little algae combine with bacterium and handle specific sewage.Big quantity research shows that also little algae is handled the sewage that contains inorganic nutrients compositions such as nitrogen phosphorus except being used for, and little algae also might be used for handling the organic sewage of high density.Because algae can carry out photosynthesis, therefore, the construction costs that the biological-ecological water body is repaired is relatively low, need not consume energy or low power consuming, and running cost is cheap.Have, required little algae kind has the advantages that the source is wide, breeding is fast again, for example can be under certain condition, to its screen, directed domestication, enrichment culture.In addition, this treatment technology can not form secondary pollution not to the water body delivering medicament.At last, as the autotrophy photosynthetic organism, can be used for producing biomass when disposing of sewage, the latter then can be applied to feed, the fodder additives of animal or be used for extracting fine chemical product and the new bio energy.The little algae that breeds after the sewage disposal can also be as rich biological food in the water, and the latter then can be directly as the fresh food of economic fishery products or through gathering processing.So, the sewage disposal work of the very suitable China of this cheap practical technique.
Though can use open cultivation pool, be that the so-called efficient oxidation pool (HROP) is cultivated little algae and handled agricultural, industry and municipal effluent, but because after sewage treatment process finishes, from the treated water body, reclaim little algae complexity very, therefore limited little algae in Application of Sewage.Three kinds of methods of main at present employing are removed the little algae in the water body: sand filtration method, centrifuging and chemical flocculation, these methods or efficient are low, cost is high, or generation contains the mud of little algae in a large number and produces secondary pollution.Therefore after utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage handling problem become and utilize dispose of sewage a big bottleneck of practical application of little algae, the researchist has proposed to adopt the notion of fixing magnificent technical finesse sewage for this reason.So-called little algae immobilization is cultivated, both utilizing before little algae disposes of sewage, be fixed on the little algae that is growing in certain matrix and then carry out sewage disposal and be considered to a kind of more feasible method, because after employing immobilization cultured microalgae is disposed of sewage and can be removed sewage disposal from, the separation problem of algae, water.All relevant little algae immobilizations are at present cultivated the processing aspect and all are in laboratory stage, and the kind of little algae of being studied is very limited, and not overripened.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of and can fully improve photosynthetic efficiency, significantly improve density and the output of little algae, near and first mate improve sewage processing efficiency, shorten the device and the treatment process thereof of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage in treatment time, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the device that utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage, comprise substratum, substratum comprises carbon source, nitrogenous source, phosphorus source, iron source, inorganic salt, wherein said carbon source is yellow soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, carbonic acid, carbonic acid gas or its mixture; Described nitrogenous source is selected from organic nitrogen compound, inorganic nitrogen compound or its mixture; Described iron source is organic iron compound, inorganic iron compound or its mixture; Described inorganic salt are selected from following material for one or more: sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, calcium salt, manganese salt, brill salt, molybdate, zinc salt, boride, iron salt, mantoquita or its mixture.
Described inorganic nitrogen compound comprises nitrate, ammonium salt or its mixture, and organic nitrogen compound is a urea.
Described carbon source concentration is 0-50mM/L, and used nitrogen concentration is 0.01-50mM/L; Described phosphorus source concentration is 0.01-1.0mM; Described inorganic salt concentration is a standard with the sodium salt, is 0.01-100ppm.
The medium pH value is 5.0-11.0.
Comprise the pre-cultivation of little algae and utilize little algae step of disposing of sewage, the pre-cultivation of little algae comprises the steps:
The A algae is tamed, screens by algae;
Algae is cultivated in the culture systems step by step in advance in little algae in claim 1 substratum in B domestication back;
The outdoor open cultivation of C algae kind.
Utilize little algae to dispose of sewage, comprise the steps:
1 utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage;
2 adopt the little algae after zooplankton is considered the drinking water processing;
The collection of 3 zooplanktons;
The processing of 4 zooplanktons.
Described culture temperature is 5-45 ℃, is preferably 10-30 ℃, more preferably 15-25 ℃.
Described cultivation is carried out under ventilation or stuffiness and agitation condition, described cultivation is cultivated under source of artificial light or lamp, described cultivation is carried out under qi of chong channel ascending adversely or not qi of chong channel ascending adversely and agitation condition, and culture systems is enclosed or open cultivation facility.
The collection of described zooplankton is to adopt filtering method, and the filtration unit of employing is the 100-300 order, and promptly the aperture is 150-50uM.
The present invention can bring following effect:
The present invention only needs to add some inorganic salt in substratum, mustn't add organism as nutrition, as the energy, has advantages such as less investment, cost is low, cultivation is simple with luminous energy.
The present invention adopts the photo bio reflecting device, adopts automatization control, and control Wastewater Treatment Parameters that not only can be stable improves processing efficiency, can also reduce labour intensity.
The present invention adopts multistage training mode to cultivate little algae, can shorten the pre-incubation time of little algae.
Embodiment
The invention provides the substratum that a kind of freshwater microalgae is used, comprise carbon source, nitrogenous source, phosphorus source, iron source, inorganic salt, wherein said carbon source comprises yellow soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, carbonic acid, carbonic acid gas or its mixture; Described nitrogenous source is selected from organic nitrogen compound, inorganic nitrogen compound or its mixture; Mixture; Described inorganic nitrogen compound comprises nitrate, sulfuric acid by, ammonium chloride or its mixture, and organic nitrogen compound comprises urea, proline(Pro), smart atmosphere acid, the acid of asparagus fern atmosphere, the acid of junket atmosphere, peptone, L-glutamic acid or its mixture.Described iron source is organic iron compound, inorganic iron compound or its mixture; This is selected from following material for one or more described inorganic salt: sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, calcium salt, manganese salt, brill salt, molybdate, zinc salt, boride, mantoquita and composition thereof.
In substratum of the present invention, wherein said carbon source concentration is 0-50mM/L, and used nitrogen concentration is 0.01-50mM; Described phosphorus source concentration is 0.001-0.5mM; Described iron source concentration is 0.01-20uM; Described inorganic salt concentration is a standard with the sodium salt, is 0.01-100ppm.Its pH value is 3.0-12.0; Temperature is 5-45oC, and illumination is natural lighting or artificial lighting
The present invention also provides a kind of method of cultivating little algae in above-mentioned substratum.This method is to carry out in ventilation and mechanical stirring condition.Described little algae is a kind of in blue-green algae and the green alga, be rich in nutritive ingredient especially protein and unsaturated fatty acids chlorella (Chlorella chlamydomonas Chlamydomonas, haematococcus pulvialis Haematococcus, Scenedesmus, Synechococcus, Phormidium, Anabaena, Synechococcus sp.strain PCC 7942) etc.The algae kind is kept in solid inclined-plane or the liquid nutrient medium.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that little algae removes the total nitrogen total phosphorus in the decontaminated water simultaneously of cultivating, need not add organic carbon source in little algae culturing process, it is to adopt closed or open culture systems, cultivate little algae, this method adopts the photoautotrophy method to cultivate little algae, compares with other method, in substratum, only need to add some inorganic salt, mustn't add organism as nutrition, as the energy, have advantages such as less investment, cost is low, cultivation is simple with luminous energy.
The present invention adopts the multi-stage type microalgae culture system, adopts method that combines and the facility of the open and little algae of closed culture of big area, and closed cultivation is meant the transparent vessel in sealing.Open cultivation refer in the open or the cultivation pool in the greenhouse in cultivate, grow the pond in cultivation: the pond that the pond body has Steel Concrete or soil to build up, cover or the film of plastic covering or rubber mass not, there is the isolation strip centre, whipping appts is arranged in the pond, nutrient solution is circulated; Be provided with on the pond and make skeleton by steel or other material etc., glass reinforced plastic, glass, synthetic glass or plastics film are made the awning on wall, top, around the canopy by the ventilation window.This breed pond need not be keeped in repair all the year round, can reduce nutrient solution and pollute, and prolongs the breeding production phase.The inventive method can be under the lower situation of temperature, utilizing thin waterway formula optical-biological reaction reactor to begin expanding species in advance cultures, shortened the expanding species cycle effectively, just provide highdensity, fine provenance, thereby saved the treatment time for outdoor large-area breed and production.
The present invention adopts multistage training mode to cultivate little algae, can shorten the pre-incubation time of little algae.Comprise the following steps:
The screening of algae kind;
Little algae carries out closed cultivation in bioreactor;
Little algae is cultivated in greenhouse or the outdoor open cultivation pool again;
Adopt spissated method, perhaps directly little algae is transferred in the sewage;
The present invention has prolonged the culture cycle of little algae, has improved the growth and breeding speed of little algae.
The present invention utilizes little algae rapidly except that total nitrogen, total phosphorus in the decontaminated water.
The invention solves the problem of little algae and water sepn after the sewage disposal, adopt animals filter foods such as zooplankton such as wheel animalcule, water flea to fall little algae in the water, the water after the processing can be used as aquaculture, improves the physics-chem characteristic of water.Comprise the following steps;
Planktonic screening, domestication
The pre-cultivation of zooplankton
The cultivation of zooplankton in passing through the sewage that contains little algae after little algae is handled
Collection utilization of zooplankton and separating of water
The invention solves the handling problem of handling zooplankton in the water of back, can be processed as aquaculture by the collection of zooplankton bait is provided, also can provide fresh food for aquaculture, the processing of gathering, handle the back as fish meal substitute, feed, freezing bait obtains cheap animal proteinum.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Chlorella is cultivated in the substratum shown in the table one, inoculum density is 5,000,000 cells/ml, cultivates after 5-10 days, and it is mg/ml that chlorella liquid is transferred to nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration is in the sewage of mg/ml, sewage is the screen filtration of 160 orders～200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk (aperture is 120um), passes through 5-10 days again, inserts wheel animalcule, density is 0.2-2 wheel animalcule/ml, after 7-10 days, water body filters with the 200-300 eye mesh screen, and water can be used as aquaculture or discharging.
The mother liquor ultimate density
NaNO3 1.5g 1.5g/L
CaCl2 18g/500ml 1ml/L 36mg/L
Na2CO3 10/500ml 1ml/L 20mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 37.5g/500ml 1ml/L 75mg/L
K2HPO4 15.25g/500ml 1ml/L 30.5mg/L
Perhaps:
K2HPO4·3H2O 20g/500ml 1ml?/L 40mg/L
Fe-EDTA?mix 1ml/L
A5+Co 1ml/L
Fe-EDTA
Na2EDTA 0.1g/100ml 1ppm
Fe.NH3Citrate 0.1g/100ml 1ppm
Citric?Acid 0.6g/100ml 6ppm
Trace element
g/L Final?Concentration
H3BO3 2.86 2.86ppm
MnCl2.2H2O 1.81 1.81ppm
ZnSO4.7H2O 0.22 0.22ppm
Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.39 0.39ppm
CuSO4.5H2O 0.079 0.079ppm
Co(NO3)2.6H2O 0.494 0.494ppm
Embodiment 2
Chlorella is cultivated in the substratum shown in the table two, inoculum density is 5,000,000 cells/ml, respectively at 5 ℃, 45 ℃, be preferably 10 ℃, 30 ℃, more preferably 15 ℃, 25 ℃, cultivate after 5-10 days, it is mg/ml that chlorella liquid is transferred to nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration is in the sewage of mg/ml, and sewage is the screen filtration of 120 orders (aperture is 120um), and temperature is respectively at 5 ℃, 45 ℃, be preferably 10 ℃, 30 ℃, more preferably 15 ℃, 25 ℃, passed through again 5-10 days, insert wheel animalcule, density is 0.2-2 wheel animalcule/ml, after 7-10 days, water body filters with the 200-300 eye mesh screen, and water can be used as aquaculture or discharging.
Stock?solutions Per?400ml Final?Conc(mg/L)
1 NaNO3 10.0g 250
2 MgSO4.7H2O 3.0g 25
3 NaCl 1.0g 75
4 K2HPO4 3.0g 75
5 KH2PO4 7.0g 175
6 CaCl2.2H2O 1.0g 25
per?L
Trace?element?solution
ZnSO4.7H2O 8.82g 8.82
MnCl2.4H2O 1.44g 1.44
MoO3 0.72g 0.72
CuSO4.5H2O 1.57g 1.57
Co(NO3)2.6H2O 0.49g 0.49
Autoclave?to?dissolve
8 H3BO3 11.42g 11.42
9 EDTA-KOH?solution
Na2EDTA 50.0g 50
KOH 31.0g 31
10 FeSO4.7H2O 4.98g 4.98
H2SO4(concentrated) 1.0ml 1.0
Final?Solution
Per?L
Stock?solution?1-6 10.0ml?each
Stock?solution?7-10 1.0ml?each
Embodiment 3
Chlorella is cultivated in the substratum shown in the table one, and inoculum density is 5,000,000 cells/ml, cultivates after 5-10 days, it is mg/ml that chlorella liquid is transferred to nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration is in the sewage of mg/ml, and sewage is the screen filtration of 120 orders (aperture is 120um), passes through 5-10 days again, insert wheel animalcule, density is 0.2-2 wheel animalcule/ml, and after 7-10 days, water body filters with the 100-300 eye mesh screen, the 200-300 eye mesh screen is good especially, and water can be used as aquaculture or discharging.
mL?stock?solution g/400?mL?H2O Final(mg/L)
10?NaNO3 10.0 250
10?CaCl2.2H2O 1.0 25
10?MgSO4.7H2O 3.0 75
10?K2HPO4 3.0 72
10?KH2PO4 7.0 175
10?NaCl 1.0 25
2mL?of?PIV?trace?element?solution
PIV?metal?solution.
To?1000mL?of?glass-distilled?water，add?0.750g?of?Na2EDTA，and?dissolve?fully.Add?the?following?salts?in?the?amounts?indicated：
Na2EDTA 1.5
FeCl3.6H2O?97mg 0.194
MnCl2.4H2O?41mg 0.082
ZnCl2?5mg 0.01
CoCl2.6H2O?2mg 0.004
Na2MoO4.2H2O?4mg 0.008
Embodiment 4
Nannochloropsis oceanica is cultivated in the substratum shown in the table one, inoculum density is 5,000,000 cells/ml, cultivates after 5-10 days, and it is mg/ml that Nannochloropsis oceanica liquid is transferred to nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration is in the sewage of mg/ml, sewage is the screen filtration of 120 orders (aperture is 120um), passes through 5-10 days again, inserts copepods, after 7-10 days, be that the 1000-6000 individuality/water body filters with the 50-120 eye mesh screen when rising when density reaches density, water can directly be used as aquaculture or discharging.
In addition, be yellow soda ash, sodium bicarbonate in carbon source, under carbonic acid, carbonic acid gas or its mixture situation; Be selected from nitrogenous source under the situation of organic nitrogen compound, inorganic nitrogen compound or its mixture; In the iron source is under the situation of organic iron compound, inorganic iron compound or its mixture; Be selected from following material for one or more at inorganic salt: test respectively under the situation of sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, calcium salt, manganese salt, brill salt, molybdate, zinc salt, boride, iron salt, mantoquita and composition thereof, can produce culture effect, but 1,2,3,4 embodiment effective as described above not.
Comprise under nitrate or ammonium salt or its mixture situation at inorganic nitrogen compound, be also to test respectively under the situation of urea, proline(Pro), smart atmosphere acid, the acid of asparagus fern atmosphere, the acid of junket atmosphere, peptone, L-glutamic acid or its mixture at organic nitrogen compound, be 0 at carbon source concentration, 50mM/L, nitrogen concentration is 0.01,50mM/L; Phosphorus source concentration is 0.01,1.0mM; Inorganic salt concentration is a standard with the sodium salt, is 0.01,100Ppm tests respectively, not 1,2,3,4 embodiment effective as described above.
Claims (9)
1, the device that utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage is characterized in that, comprises substratum, and substratum comprises carbon source, nitrogenous source, phosphorus source, iron source, inorganic salt, and wherein said carbon source is yellow soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, carbonic acid, carbonic acid gas or its mixture; Described nitrogenous source is selected from organic nitrogen compound, inorganic nitrogen compound or its mixture; Described iron source is organoiron compound, inorganic iron compound or its mixture; Described inorganic salt are selected from following material for one or more: sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, calcium salt, manganese salt, brill salt, molybdate, zinc salt, boride, iron salt, mantoquita or its mixture.
2, the device that utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described inorganic nitrogen compound comprises nitrate, ammonium salt or its mixture, and organic nitrogen compound is a urea.
3, the device that utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon source concentration is 0-50mM/L, and used nitrogen concentration is 0.01-50mM/L; Described phosphorus source concentration is 0.01-1.0mM; Described inorganic salt concentration is a standard with the sodium salt, is 0.01-100ppm.
4, the device that utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the medium pH value is 5.0-11.0.
5, the treatment process of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage is characterized in that, comprises the pre-cultivation of little algae and utilizes little algae step of disposing of sewage, and the pre-cultivation of little algae comprises the steps:
The A algae is tamed, screens by algae;
Algae is cultivated in the culture systems step by step in advance in little algae in claim 1 substratum in B domestication back;
The outdoor open cultivation of C algae kind.
6, the treatment process of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 5 is characterized in that, utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage, and comprises the steps:
1 utilizes little algae to dispose of sewage;
2 adopt the little algae after zooplankton is considered the drinking water processing;
The collection of 3 zooplanktons;
The processing of 4 zooplanktons.
7, the treatment process of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described culture temperature is 5-45 ℃, is preferably 10-30 ℃, more preferably 15-25 ℃.
8, the treatment process of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described cultivation is carried out under ventilation or stuffiness and agitation condition, described cultivation is cultivated under source of artificial light or lamp, described cultivation is carried out under qi of chong channel ascending adversely or not qi of chong channel ascending adversely and agitation condition, and culture systems is enclosed or open cultivation facility.
9, the treatment process of utilizing little algae to dispose of sewage according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the collection of described zooplankton is to adopt filtering method, and the filtration unit of employing is the 100-300 order, and promptly the aperture is 150-50uM.
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