CN101044114B - 硝基苯并吲哚和它们在癌症疗法中的用途 - Google Patents
硝基苯并吲哚和它们在癌症疗法中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101044114B CN101044114B CN2005800362035A CN200580036203A CN101044114B CN 101044114 B CN101044114 B CN 101044114B CN 2005800362035 A CN2005800362035 A CN 2005800362035A CN 200580036203 A CN200580036203 A CN 200580036203A CN 101044114 B CN101044114 B CN 101044114B
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- Prior art keywords
- indoles
- benzo
- dihydro
- chloromethyl
- indole
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- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract
本发明一般涉及硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚和相关类似物、它们的制备和它们单独或者与放射和/或其他抗癌药联用、作为癌症疗法低氧-选择性药物和放射性致敏剂的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚和相关类似物、它们的制备和它们单独或者与放射和/或其他抗癌药联用、作为癌症疗法低氧-选择性药物和放射性致敏剂的用途,还涉及它们用于基因-定向的酶-前体药物疗法(GDEPT)和抗体-定向的酶-前体药物疗法(ADEPT)的用途。
发明背景
已经确定,很多人类肿瘤含有显著比例的低氧细胞(Kennedy等人,Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol Phys.,1997,37,897-905;Vaupel等人,Semin.Oncol.2001,28,25-35)。低氧细胞存在的原因是肿瘤内混沌生长和无效微脉管系统,以致肿瘤经常表现大的毛细管间距离和可变的血流。肿瘤中氧张力的减低引起抗放射性。可能需要放射剂量增加高达三倍才能杀死缺氧的肿瘤细胞。已经鉴定在肿瘤低氧的存在与放射疗法局部控制的失败之间存在联系(Nordsmark等人,Radiother.Oncol.1996,41,31-39;Brizel等人,Radiother.Oncol.,1999,53,113-117)。这种肿瘤低氧现象已经用于开发一类被称为“低氧-活化前体药物”的抗癌剂,它们有时也被称为“生物还原性药物”,不过后者术语也涵盖被在有氧条件下被还原所活化的前体药物(Brown等人,Semin.Radiat.Oncol,1966,6,22-36;Denny等人,Br.J.Cancer,1996,74(Suppl.XXVII)32-38;Stratford & Workman,Anti-Cancer Drug Des.,1998,13,519-528)。
各种硝基(杂)芳族化合物已被报道为低氧-活化前体药物。它们包括:
-硝基咪唑(i),它被认为在硝基被内源性细胞硝基还原酶还原后经历片段化(McClelland等人,Biochem.Pharmacol,1984,33;303-309),
-二硝基苯甲酰胺芥(ii)和类似物,其中相似的硝基还原作用活化该芥(Palmer等人,J Med.Chem.1996,39,2518;Helsby等人,Chem.Res.Toxicol.,2003,16,469-478;Denny等人,NZ临时专利申请529249),和
-硝基苯并二氢吲哚(iii)和类似物,已被报道为被大肠杆菌NTR酶活化的强效生物还原性药物(Denny等人,PCT Int.Appl.WO98/11101A2,1998;Atwell等人,J Org.Chem.1998,63,9414-9420;Atwell等人,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.1997,7,1493-1496)。
本发明的目的是提供一类特定的硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚和它们相应的磷酸盐,作为生物还原性前体药物用在癌症疗法中,或者至少为公众提供有用的替代选择。
发明概述
在第一方面,本发明提供式I化合物,
其中X、Y和W独立地选自H、卤素、C1-4烷基、OR1、OP(O)(OH)2、SR1、NR1 2、COR1、SOR1、SO2R1、SO2NR1 2、SO2NR1OR1、SO2NR1NR1 2、SO2NHCOR1、CO2R1、CONR1 2、CONHSO2R1、CF3、CN、NO2,其中X和Y位于任意一个可用的位置6-9,其中每个R1独立地代表H或C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被磷酸酯[P(O)(OH)2]基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代,其中Z可以选自下列结构(Ia-Ic)
其中E可以选自-N=或-CH=,G可以选自O、S或NH,Q可以独立地选自一至三个R2、OR2、OP(O)(OH)2、卤素、NR2 2、NO2、CO2R2、CONR2 2、NR2COR2,其中每个R2独立地代表H、低级C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被磷酸酯[P(O)(OH)2]基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代;CYC可以代表5-或6-元碳环或者含有一个或两个独立地选自N、O和S的原子的杂环,和其生理功能性盐衍生物,
其条件是当W代表H时,X和Y不均代表H。
优选地,在式I化合物的一种实施方式中,Z选自:
优选地,式I化合物选自如下之一:
1-(氯甲基)-5,6-二硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,6-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-[(2E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-[5-(2-羟基乙氧基)吲哚-2-羰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-5,7-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5,9-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,9-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺;
7-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-羟基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰肼(sulfonohydrazide);
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-N-丙酰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;和
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺。
优选地,在式I化合物的进一步实施方式中,至少一个X、Y、W或Q被磷酸酯[P(O)(OH)2]基团取代。
优选地,式I化合物选自如下之一:
二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯;
二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯;
二氢磷酸2-({2-[7-(氨基磺酰基)-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-羰基]吲哚-5-基}氧基)乙基酯。
在第二方面,本发明提供式II化合物,
其中X、Y和W独立地选自H、卤素、C1-4烷基、OR1、OP(O)(OH)2、SR1、NR1 2、COR1、SOR1、SO2R1、SO2NR1 2、SO2NR1OR1、SO2NR1NR1 2、SO2NHCOR1、CO2R1、CONR1 2、CONHSO2R1、CF3、CN、NO2,其中X和Y位于任意一个可用的位置6-9,其中每个R1独立地代表H或C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被磷酸酯[P(O)(OH)2]基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代,其中Z可以选自下列结构(Ia-Ic)
其中E可以选自-N=或-CH=,G可以选自O、S或NH,Q可以独立地选自一至三个R2、OR2、OP(O)(OH)2、卤素、NR2 2、NO2、CO2R2、CONR2 2、NR2COR2,其中每个R2独立地代表H、低级C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被磷酸酯[P(O)(OH)2]基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代;CYC可以代表5-或6-元碳环或者含有一个或两个独立地选自N、O和S的原子的杂环,和其生理功能性盐衍生物,
其条件是当W代表H时,X和Y不均代表H。
优选地,在式II化合物的一种实施方式中,Z选自:
优选地,式II化合物选自
7-乙酰基-5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;和
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚。
在第三方面,本发明提供一种提供癌症治疗的方法,它包括对需要癌症治疗的受治疗者给予治疗有效量的如上所定义的式I化合物。
优选地,该受治疗者具有处于低氧环境中的肿瘤细胞。
优选地,该肿瘤细胞是白血病细胞,实体癌、包括乳腺、肠和肺肿瘤细胞和/或小细胞性肺肿瘤细胞。
优选地,该方法进一步包括在式I化合物给药之前、期间或之后对该受治疗者给予放射疗法的步骤。
进一步优选的是,该治疗方法进一步包括在对肿瘤细胞给予如上所定义的式I化合物之前、期间或之后对该受治疗者给予一种或多种化学治疗剂的步骤。
尽管这些化合物将通常用在人类受治疗者的癌症疗法中,不过它们也能够用于靶向其他温血动物受治疗者中的肿瘤细胞,例如其他灵长类,农用动物如牛,和竞技动物和宠物如马、狗和猫。
应理解的是,式I化合物能够被单独或者与其他化学治疗剂或治疗措施、尤其放射疗法同时或者先后联合给药,这依赖于所要治疗的病症。
优选的化学治疗剂可以选自:
顺铂或其他铂类衍生物,
替莫唑胺或其他DNA甲基化剂,
环磷酰胺或其他DNA烷基化剂,
阿霉素、米托蒽醌、喜树碱或其他拓扑异构酶抑制剂,
甲氨蝶呤、吉西他滨或其他抗代谢物,
紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)、多西他赛(Docetaxel)或其他微管蛋白修饰剂,替拉扎明、博莱霉素或其他DNA-断裂剂。
在本发明的第四方面,提供药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的式I化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂、助剂、载体、缓冲剂或稳定剂。
药学上可接受的赋形剂、助剂、载体、缓冲剂或稳定剂应当是无毒的,并且应当不干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其他材料的确切属性将依赖于给药的途径,这可以是口服或者注射,例如皮肤、皮下或静脉内注射。
口服给药用药物组合物可以是片剂、胶囊剂、粉剂或液体形式。片剂可以包含固体载体或助剂。液体药物组合物一般包含液体载体,例如水、石油、动物或植物油、矿物油或合成油。可以包括生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖或其他糖溶液,或者二醇如乙二醇、丙二醇或聚乙二醇。胶囊剂可以包含固体载体如明胶。
就静脉内、皮肤或皮下注射而言,活性成分将是肠胃外可接受的水溶液形式,它是无热原的,并且具有适合的pH、等渗性和稳定性。有关领域技术人员完全能够制备适合的溶液,例如使用等渗的载体如氯化钠注射液、林格氏注射液、乳酸化林格氏注射液。根据需要可以包括防腐剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂和/或其他添加剂。
在进一步的方面,本发明进一步涉及如上所定义的化合物的用途,它们适合作为ADEPT和GDEPT治疗方法中的硝基还原酶(例如由大肠杆菌中nfsB基因编码的硝基还原酶)的底物。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供有效量式I化合物在制备药物中的用途,该药物用于治疗需要癌症治疗的受治疗者。
优选地,该药物被制成用于治疗处于低氧环境中的肿瘤细胞。
优选地,该药物被制成用于靶向低氧肿瘤细胞,例如白血病,实体癌、包括乳腺、肠和肺肿瘤,包括小细胞性肺肿瘤。
优选的是,制备该药物以便能够在如上所定义的式I化合物的给药之前、期间或之后对肿瘤细胞给予放射疗法。
进一步优选的是,制备该药物以便能够在如上所定义的式I化合物的给药之前、期间或之后对肿瘤细胞给予一种或多种化学治疗剂。
尽管这些药物将通常用在人类受治疗者的癌症疗法中,不过它们也能够用于靶向其他温血动物受治疗者中的肿瘤细胞,例如其他灵长类,农用动物如牛,和竞技动物和宠物如马、狗和猫。
“治疗有效量”被理解为如上所定义的式I化合物足以对需要癌症治疗的受治疗者显示有益效果的量。实际给药的量、速率和时间-过程将依赖于所治疗疾病的属性和严重性。治疗处方属于一般医务人员和其他医生的职责范围。
低氧环境被理解为氧张力低于正常组织的体外或体内环境。
如上所定义的化合物的生理功能性盐衍生物被理解为包括生理学上可接受的碱盐,例如从适当的碱衍生,例如碱金属(例如钠)、碱土金属(例如镁)盐、铵盐和NR4”(其中R4”是C1-4烷基)盐。其他盐包括酸加成盐,包括盐酸盐和乙酸盐。这类盐可以借助本领域本身已知的技术加以制备。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供制备式III化合物的方法,
其中W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,该方法包括在第一步中使式IV化合物
其中W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,
与有效量的卤化剂反应,得到式V化合物
其中U是Br或I,W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,和
在第二步中使式V化合物与有效量的强碱、继之以1,3-二氯丙烯反应,得到式VI化合物
其中U是Br或I,W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,在第三步中经历环化反应,得到如上所定义的式III化合物。
优选地,卤化步骤使用有效量的N-溴琥珀酰亚胺或N-碘琥珀酰亚胺实现。
优选地,用在第二步中的强碱是氢化钠。
优选地,环化步骤使用有效量的氢化三丁基锡和自由基引发剂如偶氮双异丁腈实现。
优选地,该方法进一步包括制备式IV化合物的步骤:使式VII化合物
其中W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,
与有效量的t-BuOH和三乙胺、继之以叠氮磷酰二苯酯(diphenylphosphorylazide,DPPA)反应。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供硝化式VIII化合物的方法,
其中W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,J代表H、叔丁氧羰基或三氟乙酰基,得到式IX化合物
其中W、X和Y如上关于式I化合物所定义,J代表H或三氟乙酰基。
优选地,硝化作用使用KNO3/H2SO4或者任意一种适合的硝化剂实现。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供在还原条件下还原如上所定义的式I化合物得到如上所定义的式II化合物的方法。优选地,还原作用借助化学还原或低氧代谢进行。最优选地,还原步骤在体内低氧条件下进行。
在最后一方面,本发明提供制备如上所定义的通式I和通式II化合物的方法。这类方法如下所述。
应认识到的是,如上所定义的本发明化合物可能存在不同的对映体和/或非对映体形式。在这类情况下,应理解,式I可以代表任意可能的对映体或非对映体形式或者任意这类形式的混合物,和其任意生理功能性盐衍生物。
尽管上文广泛地定义了本发明,不过将为本领域技术人员所领会的是,参照下列说明、流程、实施例和图1,其他发明方面将变得显而易见,这些均仅供示例,其中:
图1显示1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(206)的晶体结构的Oak Ridge热学椭圆图(ORTEP)呈现形式。
发明详述
如上文所定义,本发明提供硝基苯并吲哚和它们生理功能性盐衍生物,特别涉及这些化合物在低氧条件下活化或者作为被酶或治疗性电离放射所活化的前体药物在癌症治疗中的用途。确切而言,本发明提供硝基苯并吲哚,它们优于前人所述那些(Denny等人,PCT Int.Appl.WO98/11101A2,式I化合物,其中W、X和Y都代表H)之处在于在二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚核上多个位置加成多个取代基,得到了低氧选择性提高的化合物。其中取代基是7-位甲酰胺或磺酰胺的实例显示尤其高的低氧选择性。
下表1和2显示本发明化合物的代表编号。
下列流程以图形方式显示制备本发明式I和式II化合物的方法。在这些流程中也包括用于实现每一合成步骤的合成试剂细节。流程后的实施例更加详细地描述实际合成步骤和合成条件。
流程A
(i)HCl(g)/二噁烷;
(ii)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(iii)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/DMAP/吡啶;
(iv)5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/D)MF。
如下流程B所示,式IV化合物(104)的制备可以从化合物2-萘甲酸进行,如WO02/067930所述,该说明书全文引用在此作为参考。
流程B
(i)NBS/MeCN;
(ii)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(iii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(iv)HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后(CF3CO)2O/吡啶;
(v)AlCl3/AcCl/CS2或PhNO2;
(vi)f.HNO3/CH2Cl2;
(vii)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(viii)Cs2CO3/CH2Cl2/MeOH,然后5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/吡啶,或者5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA。
流程C
(i)ClSO3H;
(ii)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(iii)RNH2/CH2Cl2/THF,然后Cs2CO3,然后HCl(g)/MeOH/蒸发,然后RCO2H/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(iv)NH3,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(v)RCO2H/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(vi)NH2OH,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(vii)BOCNHNH2,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(viii)HCl/二噁烷;
(ix)NH2(CH2)2OH,然后Cs2CO3;
(x)Me2NH,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(xi)NH3/THF/-78℃;
(xii)(EtCO)2O/Et3N/DMAP,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH。
流程D
(i)ZnI2/LiCl/PdCl2(PhCN)2/Ti(OiPr)4/二甘醇二甲醚;
(ii)KCN/Pd(PPh3)4/CuI;
(iii)f.HNO3/CH2Cl2;
(iv)Cs2CO3/CH2Cl2/MeOH,然后HCl(g)/二噁烷,蒸发,然后5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH;
(v)90%H2SO4。
流程E
(i)f.HNO3/CH2Cl2;
(ii)Cs2CO3/二噁烷/MeOH/H2O;
(iii)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(iv)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/DMAP/吡啶,或者5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA。
流程F
(i)DPPA/Et3N/t-BuOH;
(ii)NBS/MeCN;
(iii)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(iv)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(v)浓H2SO4,然后KNO3;
(vi)aq.H2SO4;
(vii)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/DMAP/吡啶,或者5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA。
流程G
(i)DPPA/Et3N/t-BuOH;
(ii)NBS/MeCN;
(iii)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(iv)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(v)浓H2SO4,然后KNO3;
(vi)浓HCl;
(vii)N,N-二甲基-1,2-乙二胺/DMF,然后DECP;
(viii)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/DMF/DMAP/吡啶,或者RCO2H/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(ix)H2N(CH2)2OH/PyBOP/THF。
流程H
(i)(Me)2NCSCl/DABCO/DMF;
(ii)225℃;
(iii)KOH/MeOH/H2O,然后Me2SO4;
(iv)NaBO3.4H2O/AcOH;
(v)DPPA/Et3N/t-BuOH;
(vi)NBS/MeCN;
(vii)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(viii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(ix)浓H2SO4,然后KNO3;
(x)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸或者5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA。
流程I
(i)Ac2O/AlCl3/CH2Cl2;
(ii)Pd(OAc)2/DPPP/MeOH/DMSO/Et3N,然后CO(g);
(iii)NaOH/EtOH/CH2Cl2/H2O;
(iv)DPPA/tBuOH/Et3N;
(v)NBS/K2CO3/MeCN;
(vi)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(vii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(viii)HCl/二噁烷,然后TFAA/吡啶;
(ix)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(x)Cs2CO3/MeOH/CH2Cl2,然后HCl(g)/二噁烷;
(xi)5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/DMA。
流程J
(i)KOH/MeOH/CH2Cl2/H2O;
(ii)DPPA/tBuOH/Et3N;
(iii)NBS/K2CO3/MeCN;
(iv)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(v)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(vi)HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后TFAA/吡啶;
(vii)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(viii)Cs2CO3/MeOH/CH2Cl2;
(ix)HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后RCO2H/EDCI/DMA;
(x)90%H2SO4;
(xi)N,N-二甲基乙二胺/DMF,然后DECP。
流程K
(i)CuCN/NMP;
(ii)Pd(OAc)2/DPPP/MeOH/DMSO/Et3N,然后CO(g);
(iii)NaOH/EtOH/CH2Cl2/H2O;
(iv)DPPA/tBuOH/Et3N;
(v)NBS/K2CO3/MeCN;
(vi)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(vii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(viii)HCl/二噁烷,蒸发,然后浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(ix)HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/DMA;
(x)90%H2SO4。
流程L
(i)BuLi/THF,然后MeSSMe;
(ii)BuLi/THF,然后CO2;
(iii)NaBO3.4H2O/AcOH;
(iv)DPPA/Et3N/t-BuOH;
(v)NBS/MeCN;
(vi)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(vii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(viii)浓H2SO4,然后KNO3;
(ix)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-碳酰氯/DMAP/吡啶;
(x)5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA。
流程M
(i)BuLi/THF,然后SO2(g),然后NCS/CH2Cl2;
(ii)Bn2NH/Et3N/THF;
(iii)Pd(OAc)2/D)PPP/MeOH/Et3N/DMSO/CO(g);
(iv)KOH/H2O/MeOH/CH2Cl2;
(v)DPPA/t-BuOH/Et3N;
(vi)NBS/K2CO3/MeCN;
(vii)NaH/DMF,然后1,3-二氯丙烯;
(viii)Bu3SnH/AIBN/苯;
(ix)HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后(CF3CO)2O/吡啶;
(x)浓H2SO4;
(xi)浓H2SO4/KNO3;
(xii)Cs2CO3,然后HCl(g)/二噁烷,然后RCO2H/EDCI/DMA。
流程N
(i)TFAA/THF;
(ii)(COCl)2/DMF,然后NaN3,然后甲苯回流,然后tBuOH;
(iii)Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(iv)5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(v)TFA,然后NH3。
流程O
(i)iPr2NP(OtBu)2/四唑/THF/CH3CN,然后H2O2;
(ii)H2/Pd/C/MeOH;
(iii)Et3N/THF,然后Cs2CO3/MeOH;
(iv)5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(v)5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸/EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(vi)TFA/CH2Cl2。
流程P
(i)Bu2SnO/BnOH;
(ii)iPr2NP(OtBu)2/四唑/THF/CH3CN,然后H2O2,然后H2/Pd/C/MeOH;
(iii)EDCI/TsOH/DMA;
(iv)TFA/CH2Cl2。
流程Q
i)H2/PtO2/THF。
本发明化合物的应用
本发明式I化合物能够用在人或动物体癌症的治疗方法中。这类治疗包括治疗癌症患者低氧环境中癌细胞生长的方法,包括对需要治疗的患者给予本发明式I化合物。式I化合物能够在这种背景中用作单一成分,或 者与其他细胞毒性药或其他治疗剂/疗法联合使用,尤其对于低氧细胞相对无效的那些,例如放射疗法。当式I化合物在放射之前给药时,也能产生治疗协同性,原因是化合物与放射-诱发的DNA自由基反应导致低氧细胞的放射性敏感化(如Wardman,Radiat.Phys.Chem.,1987,30,423-432所述),或者是化合物被低氧组织中放射所还原的结果,如Wilson等人,Anticancer Drug Design1998,13,663-685所述。这些措施可用于任意表现低氧区域的癌症类型。另外,式I化合物能够在癌症疗法中用作ADEPT或GDEPT治疗系统的一部分,如下文所讨论。癌症的治疗包括病症如白血病和实体肿瘤如乳腺、肠和肺肿瘤、包括小细胞性肺癌,和其他癌症类型。
将被理解的是,在考虑肿瘤的治疗时,治疗包括医师为减轻肿瘤对患者的效应所采取的任意措施。因而,尽管肿瘤的完全消退是可取的目标,不过有效的治疗也将包括任意能够实现肿瘤的部分消退以及延缓肿瘤生长、包括转移的速率的措施。这类措施能够有效地延长和/或增强生活质量和缓解疾病的症状。
(i)本发明的式I化合物
本发明的式I化合物能够用在患者癌症的治疗方法中,该方法包括对需要治疗的患者给予有效量的式I化合物。本发明化合物可以以药物组合物的形式给药。
尽管化合物的确切剂量将取决于医师,考虑患者的条件和需要,典型的剂量和给药制度将取决于临床试用中的经验。预计总剂量在约0.1至200mg/kg每名受治疗者的范围内,优选约10mg/kg每名受治疗者。
(ii)GDEPT疗法
GDEPT(基因-定向的酶-前体药物癌症疗法)是被认为适合使用本发明化合物的工具。GDEPT疗法牵涉载体(核酸、病毒、细菌或细菌孢子)的给药,它能够在肿瘤中表达活化前体药物的酶。这类前体药物-活化性酶包括硝基还原酶,它们能够还原式I化合物的硝基,从而活化它们为GDEPT前体药物。这样一种酶的实例是大肠杆菌nfsB基因产物,它编码能够在需 氧和低氧条件下还原芳族硝基的硝基还原酶(NTR)(Anlezark等人,Biochem.Pharmacol,1992,44,2289-2295)。GDEPT的前体药物-活化性硝基还原酶的进一步实例是人细胞色素P450氧化还原酶(Patterson等人,Gene Ther.,2002,9,946-954)。适合于GDEPT的载体包括人腺病毒,例如表达NTR的复制-缺陷型腺病毒(Chen等人,Gene Ther.,2004,11,1126-1136),和表达前体药物-活化性酶胞嘧啶脱氨基酶的条件性复制腺病毒(Zhan,Cancer Gene Ther.,2005,12,19-25)。能够用作GDEPT载体系统的细菌孢子的实例由重组梭状杆菌(Clostridiasp.)所提供,它们在肿瘤低氧区域萌芽后表达NTR(Lemmon等人,Gene Ther.,1997,4,791-796)。
优选地,该GDEPT酶是一种非哺乳动物硝基还原酶,例如细菌硝基还原酶。公开在WO93/08288中的大肠杆菌硝基还原酶可能是适合的。该酶可以被标准重组DNA技术所修饰,例如克隆该酶,测定其基因序列,再借助序列的截短、取代、删去或插入等方法、例如位点-定向的诱变改变基因序列。可以参考Sambrook等人的“Molecular Cloning”(1989,ColdSpring Harbor)关于标准重组DNA技术的讨论。所进行的修饰可以是任意仍然保留酶还原式I硝基的能力但是改变该酶的其他性质、例如其反应速率或选择性的修饰。
另外,N-和/或C-末端序列的小型截短可以是生成载体所需处理的结果,其中在载体中编码该酶的核酸序列与各种其他载体序列连接。
一种适合的给药途径是注射粒子的无菌溶液。病毒、例如从包装细胞系分离的病毒也可以通过区域灌注或直接肿瘤内定向或者直接注射到体腔中(腔内给药)、例如腹膜内注射来给药。
在使用GDEPT系统时,前体药物将通常在编码酶的载体的给药之后被给予。预计前体药物的总剂量在约0.1至200mg/kg每名受治疗者的范围内,优选约10mg/kg每名受治疗者。
(iii)ADEPT疗法
ADEPT(抗体-定向的酶-前体药物癌症疗法)是适合使用一些本发明化合物的工具。
关于在ADEPT系统中的应用,定向于肿瘤特异性标志物的抗体与硝基还原酶连接,该酶可以如上所述被修饰。抗体可以是单克隆或多克隆的。出于本发明的目的,术语“抗体”除非有相反指定,包括全体抗体中保留肿瘤靶抗原结合活性的片段。这类片段包括Fv、F(ab′)和F(ab′)2片段,以及单链抗体。此外,抗体及其片段可以是人源化抗体,例如EP-A-239400所述。
抗体可以通过常规杂交瘤技术产生,或者在经过修饰的抗体或片段的情况下,借助重组DNA技术产生,例如在适合宿主载体中表达编码与启动子有效连接的经修饰抗体或片断的DNA构建体。适合的宿主细胞包括细菌(例如大肠杆菌)、酵母、昆虫和哺乳动物。当借助这类重组技术产生抗体时,通过连接编码该酶的核酸序列(可选地如上所述被修饰)与编码抗体或其片段的构建体序列的3’或5’末端,可以产生该酶。
ADEPT的抗体/酶缀合物能够被同时给药,但是在临床实践中,经常发现优选在前体药物之间给予酶/药物缀合物,例如之前多达72小时或者甚至1周,目的是给予酶/药物缀合物一次定位于肿瘤靶区域中的机会。通过以这种方式操作,在给予前体药物时,前体药物向细胞毒性药物的转化趋于被限制于酶/药物缀合物所定位的区域,也就是靶肿瘤区域,并且式I毒性片段的过早释放得以最小化。
在ADEPT中,利用WO89/10140所述廓清和/或灭活系统能够进一步提高酶/药物缀合物的定位程度(所定位的与自由循环中的活性缀合物之比)。这通常牵涉在缀合物的给药之后和前体药物的给药之前,给予能够与缀合物的一部分结合的组分(“第二组分”),以便使酶灭活和/或加速缀合物从血液中廓清。这样一种组分可以包括该系统酶组分的抗体,它能够使酶灭活。
第二组分可以与大分子连接,例如葡聚糖、脂质体、白蛋白、巨球蛋白或血液O组红细胞,以便抑制第二组分离开血管空腔。另外或者作为替代选择,第二组分可以包括足够数量的共价键合的半乳糖残基,或者其他糖类残基,例如乳糖或甘露糖,以便它能够结合血浆中的缀合物,但是能 够与缀合物一起被肝脏中的半乳糖或其他糖受体从血浆中除去。第二组分的给药和设计使用应当使得它将不在任何可感知的程度上进入肿瘤的血管外空间,因为在那里它可能在前体药物的给药之前和期间使所定位的缀合物灭活。
在ADEPT系统中,前体药物和缀合物的剂量将最终取决于医师,他将考虑诸如患者的年龄、体重和条件等因素。在Bagshawe等人,Antibody,Immunoconjugates,and Radiopharmaceuticals(1991),4,915-922中给出了适合的前体药物和缀合物剂量。适合的缀合物剂量可以是500至200,000酶单位/m2(例如20,000酶单位/m2),适合的前体药物剂量可以是约0.1至200mg/kg、优选约10至100mg/kg每名患者每天。
为了保证缀合物在所需治疗部位的最大浓度,在正常情况下需要两种组分的给药间隔至少4小时。确切的方案将受到多种因素的影响,包括所靶向肿瘤的属性和前体药物的属性,但是通常在48小时内在所需治疗部位将存在足够的缀合物浓度。
ADEPT系统在用于硝基还原酶时也优选地包含适合的酶辅助因子。适合的辅助因子包括烟酸或烟酰胺的核苷或核苷酸。
抗体/酶缀合物可以借助任意常用于ADEPT疗法的途径给药。
ADEPT的确切剂量方案当然将需要由个别患者的个别医师来决定,这继而将受到前体药物和所要从前体药物中释放的细胞毒性药物的确切属性的控制,但是可以给出一些一般性指导。这种类型的化学疗法在正常情况下将牵涉改性病毒的肠胃外给药,静脉内途径给药经常是最实用的。
下列实施例是本发明的代表,提供详细的制备本发明化合物的方法。在这些实施例中,在Microchemical Laboratory,University of Otago,Dunedin,NZ进行元素分析。在Electrothermal2300熔点仪上测定熔点。在Bruker Avance-400光谱计上获得NMR光谱,1H为400MHz,13C为100MHz,以Me4Si为参照。在VG-70SE质谱计上测定质谱,电离电位70eV,标称分辨率1000。酌情在标称分辨率3000、5000或10000下获得高分辨率光谱。以电子轰击方式获得所有光谱,使用PFK作为参照,另有规定除 外。在硅胶(Merck230-400目)上进行柱色谱,另有规定除外。
实施例1:1-(氯甲基)-5,6-二硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(1)(流程A).
将1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯[J.Org.Chem.,1998,63,9414-9420](101)(600mg,1.65mmol)的二噁烷(15mL)溶液用无水HCl饱和,在20℃搅拌1h,然后在低于30℃的减压下蒸发。使残余物在CH2Cl2与稀KHCO3水溶液之间分配,将有机相用水洗涤,干燥,然后通过硅胶柱过滤,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(102)(372mg,86%),为红色固体:mp(CH2Cl2/石油醚)100-101℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.11(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.55(ddd,J=8.2,7.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.40(ddd,J=8.7,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),6.27(brs,1H),4.23-4.15(m,1H),3.89(dd,J=11.0,3.7Hz,1H),3.81(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),3.78-3.66(m,2H).元素分析(C13H11ClN2O2)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的102(500mg,1.90mmol)的浓H2SO4(5mL)溶液冷却至-5℃,用粉状KNO3(288mg,2.85mmol)处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌另外15min,然后倒入冰水中,收集固体,溶于CH2Cl2。将溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,产物从EtOAc/iPr2O中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5,6-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(103)(446mg,76%),为红色固体:mp206-207℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.23(dd,J=8.7,1.0Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=7.7,0.9Hz,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.67(dd,J=8.4,7.6Hz,1H),6.72(s,1H),4.32-4.22(m,1H),3.94-3.83(m,2H),3.83-3.75(m,2H).元素分析(C13H10ClN3O4)C,H,N.
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(122mg,0.49mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10mL)悬液用草酰氯(0.13mL,1.49mmol)继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌15min,然后在减压下蒸发,与苯无水共沸。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺103(100mg,0.33mmol)的无水吡啶(2mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(5mg)。将搅拌着的混合物升温至室温达30min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。收集固体,经过硅胶色谱纯化,用 CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,然后从CH2Cl2/EtOAc中结晶,得到1(84mg,48%),为黄色固体:mp278-279℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.67(s,1H),9.16(s,1H),8.61(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.92(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.94(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.73-4.60(m,2H),4.19-4.05(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3,81(s,3H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C25H21 35ClN4O8(M+)m/z540.1048,实测值540.1051.元素分析(C25H21ClN4O8)C,H,N.
实施例2.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,6-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(2)(流程A).
将胺103(100mg,0.33mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(111mg,0.39mmol)、EDCI[1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐](249mg,1.30mmol)与无水TsOH(40mg,0.23mmol)在无水DMA(4mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌3h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集固体,在室温溶于CH2Cl2,干燥,在低于30℃的减压下浓缩。将残余物用EtOAc研制,得到粗制2。将游离碱的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH/Me2CO/EtOAc中结晶,得到2·HCl(129mg,69%),为黄色固体:mp225-226℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.88(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),10.12(brs,1H),9.22(s,1H),8.63(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.40(dd,J=7.6,0.6Hz,1H),7.93(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.99(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.79-4.66(m,2H),4.36(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),4.20-4.07(m,2H),3.53(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.87(s,6H).元素分析
(C26H24ClN5O6·HCl·1 1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例3.6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(3)(流程B).
将搅拌着的2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(104)[PCT Int.Appl.(2002)WO02/067930,Searcey,M.,Patterson,L.H.](20.3g,83mmol)的MeCN(150mL)溶液在0℃用NBS(17.82g,100mmol)逐份处理,然后在0℃搅拌另外2h。 在减压下浓缩混合物,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2。溶液通过短硅胶柱过滤,产物从MeOH中重结晶,得到1-溴-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(105)(24.09g,90%),为白色固体:
mp90-91℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.82(s,1H),8.15(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.66(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),1.49(s,9H).元素分析(C15H16BrNO2)C,H,N,Br.
将搅拌着的105(800mg,2.48mmol)的DMF(6mL)溶液在0℃用NaH(119mg,60%油分散体,2.98mmol)逐份处理。将混合物升温至室温达30min,然后冷却至0℃,用1,3-二氯丙烯(0.72mL,7.8mmol,混合的异构体)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌另外4h,然后用10%NaCl水溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机萃取液,用水洗涤(x3),干燥,在100℃减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/石油醚(7:3)洗脱,得到1-溴-2-萘基-(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(106)(958mg,97%),为油;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO](旋转异构体与Z与E型的混合物)δ8.23(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.07-7.94(m,2H),7.71(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.65(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.51,7.45(2d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.44-6.26(m,1H),6.21-5.99(m,1H),4.58-4.46,4.44-4.17,4.14-3.96(3m,2H),1.50,1.26(2s,9H).HRMS(EI)计算值C18H19 79Br35ClNO2(M+)m/z395.0288,实测值395.0261
将106(23.0g,58mmol)、Bu3SnH(16.4mL,61mmol)与AIBN(1.2g,7.3mmol)在无水苯(200mL)中的混合物在回流N2下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/石油醚洗脱,得到油。将其溶于MeOH,在长期冷冻后收集沉淀,从石油醚中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(107)(13.6g,74%),为白色固体:mp107-108℃;
1H MR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.07(vbr,1H),7.94-7.80(m,3H),7.52(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.29-4.11(m,2H),4.08(dd,J=11.1,2.3Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=11.1,2.9Hz,1H),3.88(dd,J=11.0,7.1Hz,1H),1.55(s,9H).元素分析(C18H20ClNO2)C,H,N.
将107(400mg,1.26mmol)的二噁烷(15mL)溶液用无水HCl饱和,在室温搅拌1h,然后在低于30℃的减压下蒸发。将残余物溶于吡啶(3mL),在0℃用三氟乙酸酐(0.21mL,1.49mmol)逐滴处理。将混合物升温至室温达5min,然后用水稀释,收集所沉淀的固体,溶于CH2Cl2,通过硅胶柱过滤,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(108)(363mg,92%),为白色固体:mp(CH2Cl2/石油醚)157℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.32(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.07-7.96(m,3H),7.62(ddd,J=8.2,6.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.53(ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.1Hz,1H),4.61-4.52(m,1H),4.51-4.39(m,2H),4.15(dd,J=11.3,3.0Hz,1H),4.04(dd,J=11.3,5.9Hz,1H)元素分析(C15H11ClF3NO)C,H,N.
在0℃,将固体108(4.7g,15mmol)加入到AlCl3(7.0g,52mmol)与AcCl(2.5mL,35mmol)在CS2(60mL)中的混合物中,将搅拌着的混合物在70℃加热3h。在60℃沸腾除去溶剂,将黑色残余物冷却,用冰和浓HCl处理。混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(3x100mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩,将残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(1:4)洗脱,得到产物(3.9g,73%),根据NMR显示为64%6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(109)和23%7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(110)的混合物,其余为其他乙酰化产物的混合物。从EtOAc/石油醚中结晶得到纯的109,为白色固体:mp121-123℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.72(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.60(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=7.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.70(dd,J=8.3,7.3Hz,1H),4.60-4.40(m,3H),4.18-4.10(m,1H),4.07-3.99(m,1H),2.76(s,3H);13C NMRδ201.8,153.2(q,JC-F36.9Hz),139.9,136.1,129.6,128.1,127.8,127.5,127.2,126.8,126.3,124.9,116.1(q,JC-F288Hz),52.5,47.6,41.1,30.0.元素分析(C17H13ClF3NO2)C,H,N.
将109(1.0g,2.8mmol)的CH2Cl2(20mL)溶液用发烟HNO3(6mL)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌30min,用冰淬灭。将混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL),干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc石油醚(从1:4至1:1)洗脱,得到6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H- 苯并[e]吲哚(111)(640mg,57%),为褐色固体:mp182-184℃(EtOAc/石油醚);
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ9.18(s,1H),9.06(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.68-4.63(m,1H),4.57-4.49(m,1H),4.48-4.30(m,1H),3.93-3.87(m,1H),3.65-3.58(m,1H),2.70(s,3H);13C NMRδ200.4,154.7(q,JC-F39.2Hz),148.7,139.2,138.2,130.9,130.4,127.7,127.5,125.9,119.6,115.7,115.6(q,JC-F288Hz),52.7,45.4,42.7,28.5.元素分析(C17H12ClF3N2O4)C,H,N.
将111(53mg,0.13mmol)的CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,20mL)溶液用Cs2CO3(100mg,0.31mmol)处理,将混合物在室温搅拌15min,然后倒入水(100mL)中,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2(5mL)。加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酰氯(如上1的合成所述从5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(60mg,0.24mmol)制备)的吡啶(0.1mL)溶液,将混合物在室温搅拌30min,然后用HCl水溶液(1N)洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩。产物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:1)洗脱,继之以从CH2Cl2/石油醚中结晶,得到3(40mg,57%),为黄色固体:mp180-183℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ9.41(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),7.89(dd,J=8.4,1.0Hz,1H),7.72(dd,J=6.9,0.9Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=8.3,7.3Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.86(s,1H),4.85-4.80(m,1H),4.74-4.67(m,1H),4.33-4.25(m,1H),4.08(s,3H),3.94(s,3H),3.91(s,3H),3.93-3.87(m,1H),3.59-3.51(m,1H),2.70(s,3H);13C NMR δ200.5,160.5,150.5,148.6,141.4,140.9,138.9,138.3,130.6,129.7,128.7,127.2,126.6,126.0,125.7,123.5,118.8,116.6,107.1,97.7,61.5,61.1,56.3,54.7,45.6,43.4,28.5.元素分析(C27H24ClN3O7·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例4.6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(4)(流程B).
将111(200mg,0.5mmol)的CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,50mL)溶液和Cs2CO3(0.5g,1.5mmol)在室温搅拌15min,然后倒入水(100mL)中。将混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL),将萃取液干燥,加入无水HCl的二噁烷溶液。15min后,在减压下浓缩混合物,向残余物先后加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚 -2-甲酸盐酸盐(180mg,0.63mmol)、EDCI(250mg,1.31mmol)、无水TsOH(20mg,0.12mmol)和DMA(3mL)。将反应在室温搅拌16h,然后倒入冰冷的稀NaHCO3水溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机相,用水(3x30mL)和盐水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩,得到4(200mg,75%):mp(CH2Cl2/MeOH)>300℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.71(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.35(dd,J=8.5,0.9Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=7.2,0.8Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.5,7.2Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.20-7.15(m,2H),6.94(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.98-4.89(m,1H),4.73-4.68(m,1H),4.67-4.60(m,1H),4.16-4.04(m,4H),2.69(s,3H),2.68-2.63(m,2H),2.24(s,6H);13C NMR δ200.7,200.6,160.5,153.0,147.2,141.3,136.8,131.9,131.7,130.3,129.7,127.6,127.4,127.0,117.4,116.3,115.7,113.2,106.1,103.1,66.1,57.7,54.7,47.7,45.4,41.5,28.5.元素分析(C28H27ClN4O5·1/2H2O)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例5.7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-1-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(11)(流程B).
将108(0.88g,2.8mmol)用AlCl3和AcCI在PhNO2中于0℃酰化,在室温搅拌16h,如上操作,得到粗产物。经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从0:1至1:3)洗脱,得到7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(110)(196mg,33%,基于原料的消耗):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)168-170℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.52(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.14(dd,J=8.8,1.7Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.68-4.62(m,1H),4.49-4.41(m,1H),4.28-4.19(m,1H),3.99-3.93(m,1H),3.61-3.55(m,1H),2.74(s,3H);13C NMRδ197.6,182.8,154.9(q,JC-F38.4Hz),142.1,134.1,132.2,131.3,131.1,125.7,125.5,131,1,118.1,116.0(q,JC-F288Hz),52.7,45.4,42.6,26.6.元素分析(C17H13ClF3NO2)C,H,N.
进一步洗脱得到回收的108(360mg,40%)。
将110(200mg,0.56mmol)的浓H2SO4(10mL)溶液冷却至5℃,用KNO3 (60mg,0.6mmol)一次性处理。将混合物在5℃剧烈搅拌30min。将反应用冷水淬灭,混合物用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:4至1:1)洗脱,得到7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(112)(177mg,86%),为橙色固体:mp(EtO Ac/石油醚)158-160℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ9.18(s,1H),9.06(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.74-4.68(m,1H),4.58-4.51(m,1H),4.40-4.31(m,1H),4.00-3.92(m,1H),3.74-3.66(m,1H),2.75(s,3H);13C NMRδ196.9,149.1(q,JC-F38.8Hz),140.7,136.5,131.5,130.9,130.8,127.0,126.5,123.6,123.1,ll5.7(q,JC-F288Hz),115.5,52.8,45.3,42.7,26.5.元素分析(C17H12ClF3N2O4)C,H,N.
如上将112(80mg,0.2mmol)去保护并与5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酰氯反应,粗产物经过色谱纯化,得到11(60mg,56%):mp(CH2Cl2/石油醚)257-260℃;
1H NMR[(Cp3)2SO]δ11.58(s,1H),9.17(s,1H),8.96(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.29(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.15(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),4.95-4.87(m,1H),4.67-4.58(m,2H),4.17-4.05(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),2.75(s,3H);13C NMRδ197.2,160.6,149.3,147.5,142.6,140.3,139.0,134.9,131.8,131.3,129.6,126.0,125.8,125.1,124.5,123.1,120.9,115.5,107.2,98.0,61.0,60.8,55.9,54.9,47.5,41.2,26.6.元素分析(C27H24ClN3O7)C,H,N.
实施例6.7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(12)(流程B).
类似地将112(177mg,0.44mmol)去保护并与5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐反应,得到12(230mg,98%):mp(CH2Cl2/MeOH)>350℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.71(s,1H),9.23(s,1H),8.97d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=8.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.94(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.92-4.80(m,1H),4.74-4.60(m,2H),4.18-4.03(m,4H),2.73(s,3H),2.66(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C28H27ClN4O5·H2O)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例7.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-磺酰胺(7)(流程C).
将固体108(1.6g,5.1mmol)逐渐加入到氯磺酸(6.0mL,90mmol)中,同时冰浴冷却。然后将混合物加热至60℃达2h,缓慢倒入冰水中淬灭反应,同时搅拌。收集所沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,干燥,经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:4至1:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰氯(113)(0.53g,25%),为淡黄色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)189-192℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.70-8.64(m,2H),8.13-8.08(m,2H),8.00(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.72-4.68(m,1H),4.55-4.48(m,1H),4.33-4.25(m,1H),3.98-3.93(m,1H),3.68-3.61(m,1H);13C NMR δ 154.9(q,JC-F38.4Hz),143.9,140.7,132.7,131.8,130.1,130.0,125.8,124.8,123.2,119.6,115.9(q,JC-F288Hz),52.8,45.4,42.4.元素分析(C15H10Cl2F3NO3S)C,H,N,Cl.
后一洗脱液得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-磺酰氯(114)(1.54g,73%);mp(EtOAc/石油醚)181-183℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.87(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),8.73(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),8.36(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.72(dd,J=8.3,7.5Hz,1H),4.72-4.66(m,1H),4.52-4.44(m,1H),4.31-4.23(m,1H),3.95-3.81(m,1H),3.63-3.56(m,1H);13CNMRδ154.8(q,JC-F38.3Hz),141.5,140.9,131.0,130.6,128.6,126.7,126.5,125.8,125.5,120.3,115.9(q,JC-F288Hz),52.6,45.4,43.0.元素分析(C15H10Cl2F3NO3S)C,H,N,Cl.
将6-磺酰氯114(750mg,1.9mmol)溶于浓H2SO4(20mL),将该溶液在冰浴中冷却,缓慢加入KNO3(195mg,1.95mmol)的H2SO4(5mL)溶液。将混合物剧烈搅拌30min,用冷水淬灭,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩,所得固体经过硅胶柱色谱分离。用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:4至1:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-磺酰氯(115)(202mg,59%,基于原料的消耗):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)169℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.63(s,1H),8.22(dd,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.8,7.8Hz,1H),4.66-4.56(m,2H),4.49-4.43(m,1H),4.17-4.02(m,2H);13C NMRδ153.4(q,JC-F37.4Hz),149.2,145.2,137.7,131.4,130.5,129.9,127.7,124.9,118.6,115.6(q,JC-F288Hz)114.3,52.6,47.5,41.4.元素分析(C15H9Cl2F3N2O5S)C,H,N也回收到114(457mg,61%)。
将115(300mg,0.66mmol)的CH2Cl2/THF(1:1,50mL)溶液在室温用浓氨(0.5mL)处理30min,继之以Cs2CO3(0.5g,1.5mmol)处理,搅拌另外15min。将混合物倒入水(100mL)中,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL),将萃取液干燥。向该溶液加入无水HCl甲醇溶液(10mL)。10min后在减压下蒸发混合物至干。向残余物加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(160mg,0.55mmol)、EDCI(200mg,1.1mmol)、无水TsOH(20mg,0.12mmol)和DMA(5mL)。将混合物在室温搅拌过夜,然后倒入稀NaHCO3的冰水溶液,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机相,用水(3x30mL)和盐水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩,残余物从CH2Cl2/MeOH中结晶,得到7(200mg,53%):
mp>320℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.73(s,1H),9.03(s,1H),8.44(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.40(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.92(dd,J=8.0,7.8Hz,1H),7.47(s,2H),7.41(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.16-7.21(m,2H),6.95(dd,J=8.7,2.4Hz,1H),4.98-4.89(m,1H),4.73-4.61(m,2H),4.17-4.02(m,4H),2.68-2.63(m,2H),2.24(s,6H); 13C NMR δ 160.4,153.0,147.3,141.1,140.8,131.9,131.5,130.6,130.3,129.7,127.8,127.5,127.4,116.8,116.7,116.4,113.2,106.1,103.1,66.0,57.7,54.7,47.8,45.4,41.6.元素分析(C26H26ClN5O6S)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例8.1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(25)(流程C).
将113(250mg,0.63mmol)的浓H2SO4(10mL)溶液如上用KNO3(65mg,0.65mmol)的H2SO4(5mL)溶液硝化,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰氯(116)(192mg,67%),为红色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)184-189℃;
1HNMR[(CDCl3)]δ9.34(s,1H),9.28(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.22(dd,J=9.0,1.9Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.77-4.71(m,1H),4.58(dd,J=11.5,8.8Hz,1H),4.42-4.33(m,1H),3.95(dd,J=11.7,3.5Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=11.7,7.7Hz,1H);13C NMR δ 153.4(q,JC-F38Hz),153.0,148.2,147.0,138.7,133.2,129.1,126.7,124.5,122.0,119.3,115.9(q,JC-F288Hz),52.6,47.3,41.2.元素分析(C15H9Cl2F3N2O5S)C,H,N,Cl.
在0℃,向116(299mg,0.65mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液加入浓NH3水溶液(0.5mL,7.3mmol),除去冰浴。将混合物搅拌7min,然后加入Cs2CO3(0.55g,1.7mmol)和MeOH(4mL)。搅拌另外15min后,将混合物用盐水稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,干燥,蒸发,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(117)(214mg,96%),为橙色固体。用EtOAc研制样品:mp183-187℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.59(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.42(s,2H),6.68(s,1H),4.28-4.21(m,1H),3.95-3.85(m,2H),3.81(dd,J=11.2,8.3Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=10.4,3.0Hz,1H).元素分析(C13H12ClN3O4S)C,H,N.
将117(161mg,0.47mmol)、5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(154mg,0.61mmol)、EDCI(361mg,1.88mmol)与TsOH(16mg,0.09mmol)在DMA(3mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌22h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液。滤出所沉淀的固体,用NaHCO3水溶液、水洗涤,然后在真空干燥器中干燥。粗产物用EtOAc研制,得到25(228mg,84%),为黄色-褐色固体:mp280-285℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.60(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.23(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.62(s,2H),7.19(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.93(dd,J=11.1,10.0Hz,1H),4.68-4.59(m,2H),4.17-4.09(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).元素分析(C25H23ClN4O8S)C,H,N.
实施例9.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(26)(流程C).
使胺117如实施例7所述与5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸反应。产物从CH2Cl2/MeOH中结晶,得到26。它被证明作为游离碱是不稳定的,因此立即将其溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,20mL),用HCl甲醇溶液(5mL)处理,继之以用石油醚沉淀。过滤收集固体,风干,得到26·HCl(110mg,59%):
mp>350℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.82(s,1H),10.05(br,1H),9.28(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.63(s,2H),7.47(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.94(m,1H),4.74-4.62(m,2H),4.38-4.33(m,2H),4.18-4.12(m,2H),3.57-3.51(m,2H),2.88(s,6H);13C NMRδ160.6,152.1,147.0,142.6,142.5,132.3,132.2,130.4,130.0,127.3,125.6,124.4,121.3,120.5,116.2,116.0,113.4,106.0,104.0,62.7,55.5,54.8,47.6,42.8,41.4.元素分析(C26H26ClN5O6S·HCl·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例10-1-(氯甲基)-3-[(2E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(27).(流程C).
使胺117如实施例7所述与(2E)-3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸反应。粗产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:1至1:0)洗脱,得到27(82%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)220-225℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.33(s,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.84(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.68-7.60(m,3H),7.28(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.23(dd,J=8.4,1.9Hz,1H),7.02-6.96(m,2H),4.70-4.58(m,3H),4.11-4.07(m,2H),3.88(s,3H);13C NMR δ 164.7,150.0,147.1,146.6,144.1,142.4,142.3,131.9,130.4,127.4,125.4,124.3,121.6,121.3,120.2,115.9,115.5,114.4,111.9,55.6,52.8,47.7,40.8.元素分析(C23H20ClN3O7S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例11.1-(氯甲基)-3-[5-(2-羟基乙氧基)吲哚-2-羰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(28).(流程C).
使胺117如实施例7所述与5-(2-羟基乙氧基)-1H-吲哚-2-甲酸反应。将反应混合物倒入冰水中,收集沉淀,得到28(88%):
mp(EtOAc)231-234℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.72(s,1H),9.28(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=8.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.00-4.93(m,1H),4.88-4.81(m,1H),4.74-4.70(m,1H),4.69-4.60(m,1H),4.19-4.12(m,2H),4.05-3.98(m,2H),3.79-3.71(m,2H),2.94(s,1H),2.79(s,1H),1.95(s,1H);13CNMR δ 160.6,153.2,147.0,142.6,142.5,132.2,131.9,130.4,129.7,127.4,125.6,124.4,121.3,120.5,116.5,116.1,113.2,106.3,103.1,69.8,59.6,54.8,47.6,41.4.元素分析(C24H21ClN4O7S·1/3H2O)C,H,N.
实施例12.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-羟基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺盐酸盐(30)(流程C).
在0℃,将盐酸羟胺(55mg,0.8mmol)的水(1mL)溶液和NaHCO3(132mg,1.6mmol)的水(2mL)溶液加入到116(90mg,0.20mmol)的THF(5mL溶液中。将橙色溶液在0℃搅拌10min,然后加入Cs2CO3(0.12g,0.4mmol)和MeOH(3mL)。除去冷却浴,将混合物搅拌另外1h。将混合物用盐水稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取(x4)。合并萃取液,干燥,蒸发,得到1-(氯甲基)-N-羟基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(118)(43mg,61%),为红色-褐色固体。使样品从EtOAc/石油醚中重结晶,为橙色固体:mp170-175℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.63-9.58(m,2H),8.63(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.78(s,1H),6.80(s,1H),4.30-4.22(m,1H),3.95-3.87(m,2H),3.82(dd,J=11.0,8.2Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=10.5,3.1Hz,1H).元素分析(C13H12ClN3O5S)C,H,N.
将118(28mg,0.078mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(29mg,0.10mmol)、EDCI(60mg,0.31mmol)与TsOH(3mg,0.016mmol)在DMA(2mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌4h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,用水洗涤,干燥,使EtOAc溶液蒸发到二氧化硅上。经过色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(9:1然后4:1然后3:2)洗脱,得到粗制30(24mg,52%)。将粗产物悬浮在CH2Cl2(4mL)和MeOH(4mL)中,用HCl甲醇溶液(1mL)处理。90min后滤出沉淀,干燥,得到30·HCl(18mg,37%),为黄色固体:mp 260-265℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.83(s,1H),9.90(bs,1H),9.86(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),9.76(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),9.31(s,1H),8.92(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.05(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.05(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.04-4.96(m,1H),4.72(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.70-4.64(m,1H),4.40-4.34(m,2H),4.20-4.11(m,2H),3.59-3.50(m,2H),2.89(s,6H).元素分析(C26H26ClN5O7S·HCl·H2O)C,H.HRMS(FAB)计算值C26H27 35ClN5O7S(MH+)m/z
588.1320,实测值588.1334.
实施例13.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰肼(sulfonohydrazide)二盐酸盐(31)(流程C).
将肼基甲酸叔丁基酯(86mg,0.65mmol)加入到116(107mg,0.23mmol)的THF(5mL)溶液中,将混合物在室温搅拌16h。加入Cs2CO3(150mg,0.46mmol)和MeOH(2mL),将混合物搅拌另外2h。将混合物用水稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,干燥,蒸发,残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶4然后2∶3)洗脱。产物从EtOAc/石油醚中重结晶,得到2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}肼甲酸叔丁基酯(119)(72mg,67%),为橙色结晶性固体:mp 179℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.60(br s,1H),9.18(v br s,1H),8.54(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.74(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),6.74(s,1H),4.29-4.22(m,1H),3.94-3.85(m,2H),3.80(dd,J=11.0,8.0Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=10.5,3.0Hz,1H),1.10(br s,9H). HRMS(FAB)计算值C18H21 35ClN4O6S(M+)m/z 456.0870,实测值456.0877.
将119(59.4mg,0.13mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(48mg,0.17mmol)、EDCI(100mg,0.52mmol)与TsOH(4.5mg,0.03mmol)在DMA(2mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌4.5h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到2-{[1-(氯甲基)-3-({5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-基}羰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并 [e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}肼甲酸叔丁基酯(120)(84mg,94%),为黄色固体:mp175-180℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.72(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),9.85(brs,1H),9.30(v brs,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.83(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.98(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.96(m,1H),4.72(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.70-4.64(m,1H),4.17-4.09(m,2H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.66(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.25(s,6H),1.10(brs,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C31H36 35ClN6O8S(MH+)m/z687.2004,实测值687.2002.
将化合物120(77mg,0.11mmol)与HCl/二噁烷(4M,2.5mL)搅拌16h,蒸发溶剂。残余物用EtOAc研制,得到31(74mg,100%),为黄色固体:mp280-285℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.82(dJ=1.7Hz,1H),10.02(brs,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.88(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.74(brs,1H),8.45(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.96(m,1H),4.73(dd,J=10.8,2.4Hz,1H),4.69-4.64(m,1H),4.37(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.20-4.11(m,2H),3.51(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.88(d,J=4.9Hz,6H).
实施例14.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(32)(流程C).
将116(50mg,0.11mmol)用甲胺水溶液处理,继之以如上7的合成进行处理,得到32的游离碱,将其立即转化为HCl盐(51mg,75%);
mp>350℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.81(s,1H),9.9(brs,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.01(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.76(m,1H),7.47(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.93(m,1H),4.74-4.61(m,2H),4.39-4.32(m,2H),4.17-4.12(m,2H),3.55-3.50(m,2H),2.87(s,6H),2.48(s,3H);13C NMRδ(一个C未观察到)160.7,152.2,147.0,142.8,138.0,132.4,130.7,130.1,127.3,125.9,124.7,123.3,120.7,116.4,116.3,113.4,106.4,104.1,62.8,55.6,54.9,47.7,42.9,41.4,28.6.元素分析(C27H28ClF3N5O6S·HCl·3/4H2O)C,H,N.
实施例15.1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(33).(流程C).
将116(456mg,1.00mmol)的THF(5mL)与CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液在0℃用乙醇胺(134mg,2.19mmol)的THF(0.5mL)溶液处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌5min,然后升温至室温达10min,用Cs2CO3(980mg,3mmol)的MeOH(20mL)溶液处理。在室温搅拌另外10min后,将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用水洗涤(x2),干燥,通过短硅胶柱过滤,然后浓缩至小体积,用i-Pr2O/己烷稀释,得到1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(121)(346mg,90%):
mp173-174℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.57(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.69(brs,1H),6.73(s,1H),4.64(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.29-4.19(m,1H),3.95-3.84(m,2H),3.80(dd,J=11.0,8.4Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=10.4,3.3Hz,1H),3.35(D2O交换后,t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.81(t,J=6.3Hz,2H).元素分析(C15H16ClN3O5S)C,H,N.
在室温,将胺121(75mg,0.19mmol)溶于MeOH/HCl(g),在减压下蒸发溶液至干。然后加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(59mg,0.23mmol)、EDCI(149mg,0.78mmol)、无水TsOH(30mg,0.17mmol)和无水DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温搅拌1h。将混合物倒入水中,收集沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,在室温溶于最少量的DMF。将溶液用EtOAc稀释,过滤,然后用己烷稀释,冷冻,得到33(89mg,74%):
mp257-258℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.61(s,1H),9.24(s,1H),8.86(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.91(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.93(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.70-4.58(m,3H),4.18-4.07(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.39(q,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.88(q,J=6.1Hz,2H).元素分析(C27H27ClN4O9S)C,H,N.
实施例16.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(35).(流程C).
将化合物121(46mg,0.11mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(37mg,0.13mmol)与EDCI(83mg,0.44mmol)在DMA(3mL)中的混 合物在N2气氛下搅拌4h。然后使混合物在CH2Cl2与冷(0℃)的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用H2O(x2)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥,蒸发。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,在减压下蒸发溶剂,直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到35(14mg,21%):
mp205-210℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.73(s,1H),9.30(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=8.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.92(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.94(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97(t,J=10.3Hz,1H),4.74(dd,J=10.9,2.3Hz,1H),4.68-4.61(m,2H),4.19-4.09(m,2H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.43-3.35(m,2H),2.88(q,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.66(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C28H30 35ClN5O7S(MH+)m/z616.1633,实测值616.1630.
实施例17.1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(37).(流程C).
在室温,将胺121(75mg,0.19mmol)溶于MeOH/HCl(g),在减压下蒸发溶液至干。然后加入(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酸(41mg,0.23mmol)、EDCI(149mg,0.78mmol)、无水TsOH(30mg,0.17mmol)和无水DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温搅拌2h。将混合物倒入水中,收集沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,在室温溶于最少量的DMF。将溶液用EtOAc稀释,过滤,然后用己烷稀释,冷冻,得到37(68mg,64%):
mp250-251℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO)]δ9.35(s,1H),8.83(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=8.9Hz,1H)8.00(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.90(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.72-4.48(m,4H),4.13-4.06(m,2H),3.83(s,3H),3.38(q,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.87(q,J=6.1Hz,2H).元素分析(C25H24ClN3O7S)C,H,N.
实施例18.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(38)(流程C).
在0℃,将二甲胺(40%w/w水溶液,0.12mL,0.9mmol)加入到116(104mg,0.23mmol)的THF(5mL)溶液中。10min后除去冷却浴,加入Cs2CO3(0.15g,0.46mmol)和MeOH(2mL)。30min后,将混合物用水稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,干燥,蒸发,将所得红色的油从EtOAc中结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-二甲基磺酰胺(122)(57mg,68%),为红色粉末:
mp170-172℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.54(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.73(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),6.81(s,1H),4.30-4.22(m,1H),3.95-3.86(m,2H),3.83-3.73(m,2H),2.66(s,6H).元素分析(C15H16ClN3O4S)C,H,N.
蒸发母液,残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(3:7)洗脱,得到更多的122(18mg,21%)。
使122如上7的合成所述与5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐反应,得到38的游离碱(97%),将立即转化为HCl盐:
mp>350℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.83(s,1H),9.88(br,1H),9.33(s,1H),8.82(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.46(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.93(m,1H),4.77-4.62(m,2H),4.38-4.31(m,2H),4,20-4.08(m,2H),3.56-3.46(m,2H),2.87(s,6H),2.73(s,6H).13C NMRδ160.6,152.1,147.0,142.9,138.0,133.9,132.3,130.8,130.1,127.2,125.7,125.0,124.3,120.7,116.5,116.3,113.4,106.3,104.0,62.8,55.6.54.8,47.5,42.9,41.4,37.4.元素分析(C28H30ClN5O6S·HCl·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例19.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(39).(流程C).
将116(50mg,0.11mmol)的CH2Cl2/THF(1:1,20mL)溶液用N,N-二甲基乙二胺(25mg,0.28mmol)处理,在室温搅拌30min。然后加入Cs2CO3(0.5g,1.5mmol),将混合物在室温搅拌另外15min,然后倒入水(100mL)中,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机层,干燥,加入HCl/MeOH(10mL),在减压下蒸发溶液。将残余物与5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐 (80mg,0.28mmol)、EDCI(100mg,0.52mmol)、无水TsOH(20mg,0.12mmol)和DMA(3mL)混合,在室温搅拌过夜。将混合物倒入0℃的稀NaHCO3中,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机相,用水(3x30mL)和盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。使残余物从CH2Cl2/MeOH中结晶,得到不稳定的39。将其溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,20mL),加入HCl/MeOH(2mL)。用石油醚沉淀,得到39·HCl(54mg,69%):
mp>350℃;1H NMR[(CD)3)2SO]δ11.83(s,1H),10,25(br,1H),10.11(br,1H),9.31(s,1H),8.90(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.44-8.38(m,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.03-4.95(m,1H),4.77-4.64(m,2H),4.41-4.33(m,2H),4.19-4.10(m,2H),3.59-3.50(m,2H),3.19-3.16(m,4H),2.89(s,3H),2.87(s,3H),2.78(s,6H),2.77(s,3H);13C NMRδ(一个C未观察到)160.6,152.1,147.0,143.0,138.0,132.3,130.8,130.0,127.3,126.0,124.4,123.4,120.6,116.3,116.2,113.4,106.3,104.0,62.7,55.6,55.4,54.8,47.6,42.7,42.3,41.3,37.5.元素分析(C30H35ClN6O5S·3HCl·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例20.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-N-丙酰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(40)(流程C).
在-78℃,向116(215mg,0.47mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液加入浓NH3水溶液(0.32mL,4.7mmol)。10min后加入水(10mL)、HCl水溶液(2N,5mL,9.4mmol)和EtOAc(20mL),使混合物升温至室温。加入盐水,混合物用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥,使EtOAc溶液蒸发到二氧化硅上。经过色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:10然后1:3然后2:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(123)(158mg,77%),为淡黄色固体:mp(EtOAc)274-278℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.11(s,1H),8.89(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.50(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),4.73-4.64(m,2H),4.57-4.49(m,1H),4.24-4.11(m,2H).元素分析(C15H11ClF3N3O5S)C,H,N.
向123(141mg,0.32mmol)与DMAP(4mg,0.03mnol)的THF(10mL)与 三乙胺(0.18mL,1.3mmol)溶液加入丙酸酐(83μL,0.64mmol),将混合物在在室温搅拌1.5h。加入Cs2CO3(0.21g,0.64mmol)和甲醇(10ml),将混合物搅拌另外16h。加入HCl水溶液(2N,4mL),在减压下蒸发有机溶剂。将水性残余物用盐水稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。残余物用EtOAc/石油醚研制,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-N-丙酰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(124)(100mg,78%),为红色-褐色固体:
mp173-177℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ12.06(s,1H),8.73(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=9.0,1.8Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),6.85(s,1H),4.28-4.21(m,1H),3.95-3.86(m,2H),3.81(dd,J=11.1,8.2Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=10.5,3.1Hz,1H),2.22(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),0.88(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).元素分析(C16H16ClN3O5S·1/2EtOAc)C,H,N.
将124(89mg,0.22mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(83mg,0.29mmol)、EDCI(172mg,0.88mmol)与TsOH(7.7mg,0.04mmol)在DMA(2mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌4.5h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,导致微细的沉淀分离出来。将混合物在0℃离心(3000rpm,10min),将所得颗粒再悬浮和再离心,先用NaHCO3水溶液再用水。将所得固体干燥,然后用EtOAc研制,得到40(116mg,83%),为橙色固体:
mp221-225℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.75(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),9.21(s,1H),8.78(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.97dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.98-4.91(m,1H),4.70(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.65-4.58(m,1H),4.19(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.17-4.09(m,2H),3.06(brs,2H),2.54(s,6H),2.03(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),0.87(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C29H31 35ClN5O7S(MH+)m/z628.1633,实测值628.1634.
实施例21.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲腈(6)(流程D).
在N2下,向114(660mg,1.6mmol)、ZnI2(653mg,2.4mmol)、LiCl(63mg, 1.45mmol)与PdCl2(PhCN)2(16mg,0.04mmol)的混合物加入二甘醇二甲醚(10mL)和Ti(OiPr)4(200mg,0.7mmol),将混合物在155℃搅拌和加热30min。将反应混合物倒入HCl水溶液(0.05M,50mL)中,通过硅藻土垫过滤。将滤饼与CH2Cl2混合(50mL然后3x30mL),每次过滤混合物。将滤液干燥和浓缩,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:5至1:2)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-6-碘-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(125),为淡黄色固体(630mg,90%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)174-177℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.48(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.28-7.22(m,1H),4.70-4.62(m,1H),4.48-4.39(m,1H),4.21-4.13(m,1H),3.96-3.89(m,1H),3.56-3.48(m,1H);13C NMRδ154.6(q,JC-F38.3Hz),140.8,137.3,135.0,132.8,129.5,128.4,125.8,123.4,118.6,116.0(q,JC-F288Hz),100.6,52.8,45.4,42.8.元素分析(C15H10ClF3INO)C,H,N.
将125(148mg,0.34mmol)、KCN(120mg,1.9mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(10mg,0.01mmol)与CuI(50mg,0.26mmol)在无水THF(30mL)中的混合物在N2下加热至回流,同时剧烈搅拌30min。将混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc(50mL)稀释,然后通过硅藻土过滤。将滤液用水和盐水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1:5至1:2)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲腈(126)(97mg,85%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)158-160℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.63(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=7.2,1.0Hz,1H),7.64(dd,J=8.2,7.2Hz,1H),4.70-4.63(m,1H),4.51-4.43(m,1H),4.28-4.20(m,1H),3.95-3.89(m,1H),3.64-3.55(m,1H);13C NMRδ154.7(q,JC-F38.3Hz),141.5,132.0,130.7,129.0,127.7,127.5,126.7,119.7,117.2,115.9(q,JC-F288Hz),111.7,52.7,45.4,42.6.元素分析(C16H10ClF3N2O·1/3H2O)C,H,N.
将126(60mg,0.18mmol)的CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液用发烟HNO3(1.5mL)处理,在室温搅拌30min。将反应用冰淬灭,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油 醚(从1:4至1:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲腈(127)(28mg,41%),为褐色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)201-205℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.87(s,1H),8.63(dd,J=8.5,1.1Hz,1H),8.40(dd,J=7.3,1.0Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.5,7.3Hz,1H),4.73-4.61(m,2H),4.55-4.49(m,1H),4.22-4.15(m,1H),4.12-4.07(m,1H);13C NMRδ153.8(q,JC-F37.6Hz),146.8,139.8,137.7,132.6,130.3,129.4,128.3,118.7,115.4(q,JC-F288Hz),115.1,114.8,105.4,52.7,47.4,41.1.元素分析(C16H9ClF3N3O3)C,H,N.
向127(100mg,0.26mmol)的CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,20mL)溶液加入Cs2CO3(0.5g,1.5mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌15min,然后倒入水(100mL)中,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,将溶液与无水HCl的二噁烷溶液(10mL)混合。30min后在减压下蒸发混合物。向残余物加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(100mg,0.34mmol),继之以EDCI(100mg,0.55mmol)、无水TsOH(20mg,0.12mmol)和DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温搅拌过夜。将混合物倒入冰冷的稀NaHCO3水溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机相,用水(3x30mL)、然后用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发,得到6(88mg,66%):mp(二氯甲烷/MeOH)>300℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ9.26(br,1H),9.10(s,1H),8.14(dd,J=8.5,1.0Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.2,0.9Hz,1H),7.73(dd,J=8.5,7.3Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.15-7.05(m,3H),4.95-4.90(m,1H),4.84-4.77(m,1H),4.37-4.29(m,1H),4.17-4.11(m,2H),3.96-3.90(m,1H),3.67-3.58(m,1H),2.81-2.76(m,2H),2.37(s,6H);13C NMRδ160.7,154.3,148.3,142.4,135.9,131.7,130.2,129.1,128.7,128.2,127.9,127.6,119.2,118.3,116.3,115.2,112.8,107.9,106.8,103.7,66.8,58.5,54.8,46.0,45.5,43.4.元素分析(C27H24ClN5O4·1/4H2O)C,H,N.
实施例22.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺(5)(流程D).
将固体126(500mg,1.48mmol)加入到90%H2SO4(5mL)中,加热至70℃达1h。冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。 将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理(EtOAc/石油醚,从1:1至1:0),得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺(128)(410mg,78%),为白色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)190-193℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.54-8.45(m,2H),7.89(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.69(dd,J=7.1,1.1Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=8.4,7.1Hz,1H),5.91(br,2H),4.69-4.61(m,1H),4.48-4.40(m,1H),4.25-4.17(m,1H),3.97-3.89(m,1H),3.58-3.50(m,1H);13CNMRδ170.7,153.8(q,JC.F38.0Hz),140.5,134.6,129.7,128.6,126.5,125.6,125.4,124.8,118.4,115.4(q,JC-F288Hz),53.4,45.4,43.0.元素分析(C16H12ClF3N2O2)C,H,N,Cl.
将搅拌着的128(300mg,0.84mmol)的CH2Cl2(20mL)溶液在室温用发烟HNO3(2mL)处理30min,然后用冰淬灭,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,在减压下浓缩,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚/甲醇(从5:1:0至9:0:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺(129)(150mg,45%),为黄色固体:mp272-277℃(EtOAc/石油醚);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.78(s,1H),8.30(dd,J=8.4,1.1Hz,1H),8.24(s,1H),7.91(dd,J=7.1,1.0Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.4,7.1Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),4.69-4.61(m,2H),4.52-4.47(m,1H),4.21-4.15(m,1H),4.13-4.07(m,1H);13C NMRδ169.3,153.6(q,JC-F37.8Hz),148.1,138.6,133.4,132.4,130.1,128.7,127.9,126.1,119.3,115.6(q,JC-F288Hz),114.4,52.7,47.5,41.2.元素分析(C16H11ClF3N3O4)C,H,N,Cl.
进一步洗脱得到1-(氯甲基)-9-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺130(100mg,30%),仅通过NMR表征:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.71(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.30(br,1H),6.13(br,1H),4.57-4.50(m,1H),4.47-4.39(m,1H),4.02(s,1H),3.59-3.57(m,1H),3.33-3.25(m,1H).
向搅拌着的129(50mg,0.12mmol)的CH2Cl2/MeOH(1:1,20mL)溶液加入Cs2CO3(0.5g,1.5mmol),在室温15min后,将混合物倒入水(100mL)中,用CH2Cl2萃取(3x50mL)。将萃取液干燥,将溶液与无水HCl的二噁烷溶液(5mL)混合。15min后在减压下除去溶剂。向残余物按顺序加入5-[2-(二 甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(50mg,0.18mmol)、EDCI(80mg,0.42mmol)、无水TsOH(20mg,0.12mmol)和DMA(3mL)。将混合物在室温搅拌16h,然后倒入稀NaHCO3的冰水溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(3x50mL)。合并有机萃取液,用水(3x30mL)、然后用盐水洗涤,干燥,在减压下蒸发,得到5(48mg,72%):mp(CH2Cl2/MeOH)>350℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.7(s,1H),8.95(s,1H),8.26(dd,J=8.4,1.0Hz,1H),8.20(s,1H),7.84(dd,J=7.1,1.0Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=8.3,7.1Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.1Hz,2H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97-4.90(m,1H),4.72-4.58(m,2H),4.16-4.04(m,4H),2.68-2.63(m,2H),2.24(s,6H);13C NMRδ(一个C未观察到)169.5,160.4,153.0,147.9,140.8,133.4,131.8,131.0,130.3,129.9,127.7,127.4,125.7,118.3,116.3,115.2,113.2,106.0,103.1,66.2,57.7,54.7,47.8,45.5,41.5.元素分析(C27H26ClN5O5)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例23.1-(氯甲基)-5,7-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(8)(流程E).
将搅拌着的108(5.24g,16.7mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(70mL)溶液在10℃用发烟HNO3(2.0mL,48mmol)逐滴处理,然后升温至室温达5min。将混合物用CH2Cl2(100mL)稀释,所得溶液用水洗涤,干燥,通过硅胶柱过滤,然后浓缩至25mL,用EtOAc(25mL)稀释。冷冻后,收集沉淀,用EtOAc洗涤,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-7-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(131)(2.31g,39%),为淡黄色固体:
mp(CH2Cl2/iPr2O)213-214℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.06(s,1H),8.48(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.36(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.33-8.25(m,2H)4.67-4.51(m,2H),4.46(brd,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.17(dd,J=11.3,3.0Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=11.3,5.5Hz,1H)元素分析(C15H10ClF3N2O3)C,H,N.
在减压下蒸发来自上述结晶的母液,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用CH2Cl2/石油醚(1:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-9-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(132)(1.67g,28%),为淡黄色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)139-140℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.58(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.39(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.69(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.60(dd,J=11.1,8.7Hz,1H),4.33(d,J=11.3Hz,1H),4.03-3.90(m,1H),3.73(dd,J=11.4,3.3Hz,1H),3.51(dd,J=11.4,6.8Hz,1H).元素分析(C15H10ClF3N2O3)C,H,N.
进一步洗脱得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(133)(165mg,3%)[J.Med.Chem.,1999,423400-3411]。
将131(1.00g,2.79mmol)的二噁烷(30mL)溶液用Cs2CO3(3.26g,10mmol)的水(3mL)与MeOH(17mL)溶液处理,将混合物在室温剧烈搅拌15min。将所得溶液用AcOH(1.2mL)处理,然后在减压下浓缩至小体积,在水与CH2Cl2之间分配。将有机相用水洗涤(x2),干燥,通过硅胶柱过滤。蒸发并用石油醚/iPr2O洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(134)(702mg,96%),为橙色-红色固体:mp(CH2Cl2/石油醚)121-122℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.76(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.05(dd,J=9.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.79(s,1H),4.17-4.04(m,1H),3.95-3.78(m,2H),3.76-3.63(m,2H).元素分析(C13H11ClN2O2)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的134(901mg,3.43mmol)的浓H2SO4(10mL)溶液冷却至-5℃,用粉状KNO3(520mg,5.14mmol)处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌另外15min,然后倒入冰水中,收集固体。将其溶于热的EtOAc,溶液用等体积CH2Cl2稀释,通过短硅胶柱过滤。浓缩洗脱液至小体积,加入MeOH,以沉淀出1-(氯甲基)-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(135)(824mg,78%),为红色固体:mp(EtOAc/iPr2O)239-240℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.06(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=9.3,2.2Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.14(s,1H),4.33-4.24(m,1H),3.98-3.88(m,2H),3.84(dd,J=11.1,7.9Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=10.7,3.2Hz,1H).元素分析(C13H10ClN3O4)C,H,N,Cl.
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(122mg,0.49mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10mL)悬液用草酰氯(0.13mL,1.49mmol)继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合 物在室温搅拌15min,然后在减压下蒸发,与苯无水共沸。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺135(100mg,0.33mmol)的无水吡啶(2mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(5mg)。将搅拌着的混合物升温至室温达30min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。收集沉淀,经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,然后从CH2Cl2/EtOAc中结晶,得到8(124mg,71%),为橙色固体:
mp251-252℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.66(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.33(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),9.31(s,1H),8.45(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.39(dd,J=9.3,2.2Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),4.95(dd,J=11.1,10.3Hz,1H),4.72-4.58(m,2H),4.18-4.06(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C25H21 35ClN4O8(M+)m/z540.1048,实测值540.1043.元素分析(C25H21ClN4O8)C,H,N.
实施例24.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(9)(流程E).
将胺135(100mg,0.33mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(111mg,0.39mmol)、EDCI(249mg,1.30mmol)与无水TsOH(4.0mg,0.02mmol)在无水DMA(8mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌6h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。在室温将碱性混合物搅拌1h,然后收集沉淀,溶于EtOAc(300mL)。将溶液用水洗涤,干燥,然后在低于30℃的减压下浓缩至10mL,得到粗制9。将游离碱的MeOH悬液用HCl(g)/EtOAc处理,继之以从MeOH/Me2CO/EtOAc中结晶,得到9·HCl(114mg,60%),为黄色固体:
mp263-264℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.88(s,1H),10.15(brs,1H),9.36(s,1H),9.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.41(dd,J=9.3,2.2Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.26(s,2H),7.03(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),5.00(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.78-4.65(m,2H),4.36(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),4.22-4.09(m,2H),3.52(t,J=4.5Hz,2H),2.80(s,6H).元素分析(C26H24ClN5O6·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例25.1-(氯甲基)-5,9-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢 -3H-苯并[e]吲哚(51)(流程E).
将132(1.54g,4.29mmol)的二噁烷(10mL)溶液用Cs2CO3(3.26g,10mmol)的水(3mL)与MeOH(7mL)溶液处理,将混合物在室温搅拌10min。将混合物用AcOH(1.2mL)处理,然后在减压下浓缩至小体积,在水与CH2Cl2之间分配。将有机相用水洗涤(x2),干燥,通过硅胶柱过滤。所得油从EtOAc/石油醚中结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-9-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(136)(1.03g,91%),为红色固体:
mp100℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.07(dd,J=8.0,1.1Hz,1H),7.94(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.21(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.63(s,1H),3.81-3.71(m,1H),3.71-3.62(m,1H),3.62-3.54(m,1H),3.33-3.25(m,2H).元素分析(C13H11ClN2O2)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的胺136(900mg,3.43mmol)的浓H2SO4(9mL)溶液冷却至-5℃,用粉状KNO3(520mg,5.14mmol)处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌另外15min,然后倒入冰水中,收集固体。经过硅胶色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(3:1)洗脱,继之以两次从CH2Cl2/iPr2O中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5,9-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(137)(394mg,37%),为红色固体:mp130-131℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.21(dd,J=8.6,1.1Hz,1H),8.10(dd,J=7.6,1.1Hz,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.44(dd,J=8.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.02(s,1H),3.89-3.81(m,1H),3.72-3.62(m,2H),3.41-3.35(m,2H).元素分析(C13H10ClN3O4)C,H,N,Cl.
进一步用石油醚/EtOAc(2:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7,9-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(138)(122mg,12%),为红色固体:mp(EtOAc/iPr2O)216-218℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.00(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.65(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.24(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.93(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),3.76-3.68(m,1H),3.67(dd,J=11.0,2.4Hz,1H),3.38-3.24(D2O交换后,m,2H).元素分析(C13H10ClN3O4)C,H,N,Cl.
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(122mg,0.49mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10mL)悬液用草酰氯(0.13mL,1.49mmol)继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合 物在室温搅拌15min,然后在减压下蒸发,与苯无水共沸。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺137(100mg,0.33mmol)的无水吡啶(2mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(5mg)。将搅拌着的混合物升温至室温达30min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。收集沉淀,经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,然后从CH2Cl2/EtOAc中结晶,得到51(106mg,60%),为黄色固体:
mp270-271℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.67(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),9.22(s,1H),8.53dd,J=8.8,0.9Hz,1H),8.34(dd,J=7.4,0.9Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.7,7.6Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.93dd,J=10.9,9.0Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=11.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.99-3.89(m,4H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.70(dd,J=11.5,3.3Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=11.5,7.0Hz,1H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C25H21 35ClF4O8(M+)m/z540.1048,实测值540.1034.元素分析(C25H21ClN4O8)C,H,N.
实施例26.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,9-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(52)(流程E).
将胺137(100mg,0.33mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(111mg,0.39mmol)、EDCI(249mg,1.30mmol)与无水TsOH(40mg,0.23mmol)在无水DMA(6mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌6h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集固体,在室温溶于CH2Cl2,干燥,在低于30℃的减压下浓缩至小体积,用EtOAc/iPr2O稀释,得到52。将游离碱的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH/Me2CO/EtOAc结晶,得到52·HCl(99mg,53%),为黄色固体:mp187-191℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.87(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),10.01(brs,1H),9.28(s,1H),8.53dd,J=8.8,1.0Hz,1H),8.36(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.85dd,J=8.7,7.6Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.99(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),4.60(dd,J=10.9,1.7Hz,1H),4.35(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.02-3.92(m,1H),3.70(dd,J=11.4,3.3Hz,1H),3.58(dd,J=11.4,7.2Hz,1H),3.52(t,J=4.8Hz,2H),2.87(s,6H).元素分析(C26H24ClN5O6·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例27.1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(15)(流程F).
将6-氰基-2-萘甲酸[J.Med.Chem.,2004,47,303-324](139)(4.62g,23.4mmol)在含有粉碎分子筛(2g)的无水t-BuOH(120mL)中的悬液用三乙胺(3.91mL,28.1mmol)处理,将混合物在室温N2下搅拌30min。加入DPPA(5.55mL,25.8mmol),将混合物在回流下搅拌6h,然后浓缩至一半体积,倒入稀NaHCO3水溶液中。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到6-氰基-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(140)(4.68g,74%):mp(MeOH/H2O)135-136℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.85(s,1H),8.42(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.68(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.64(dd,J=9.0,2.0Hz,1H),1.52(s,9H).元素分析(C16H16N2O2)C,H,N.
将140(4.48g,18mmol)与NBS(3.85g,21.6mmol)的MeCN(80mL)溶液在回流下搅拌1h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,用10%Na2SO3水溶液、水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到1-溴-6-氰基-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(141)(5.69g,91%):mp(iPr2O/己烷)164-166℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.01(s,1H),8.63(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.27(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),1.50(s,9H).元素分析(C16H15BrN2O2)C,H,N,Br.
将搅拌着的腈141(5.78g,16.6mmol)的无水DMF(50mL)溶液在0℃用NaH(0.80g,20.0mmol,60%油分散体)处理。将所得悬液升温至室温达30min,然后再次冷却至0℃,用1,3-二氯丙烯(4.8mL,52mmol,混合的异构体)处理。在室温搅拌另外6h后,将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用水洗涤(x3),干燥,在80℃高真空下浓缩至干。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到1-溴-6-氰基-2-萘基(3-氯-2-丙烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(142)(6.77g,96%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO](旋 转异构体和E与Z型的混合物)
δ8.69(s,1H),8.35(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.13,8.12(2d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.69,7.63(2d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.42-6.29(m,1H),6.17-5.99(m,1H),4.55-4.45,4.40-4.19,4.15-3.98(3m,2H),1.48,1.24(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C19H19 79Br35ClN2O2(MH+)m/z421.0318,实测值421.0306.
将142(6.78g,16.1mmol)的无水苯(80mL)溶液用Bu3SnH(4.33mL,16.1mmol)继之以AIBN(0.3g,1.8mmol)处理。将混合物在回流N2下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到油,将其用iPr2O研制,得到被7-氰基-1-甲基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯污染的143。两次从CH2Cl2/iPr2O中重结晶,得到纯的1-(氯甲基)-7-氰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(143)(4.49g,81%):
mp171-172℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.55(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.18(vbr,1H),8.07(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=8.7,1.7Hz,1H),4.34-4.25(m,1H),4.21(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.3,2.8Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=11.1,3.1Hz,1H),3.93(dd,J=11.1,6.7Hz,1H),1.55(s,9H).元素分析(C19H19ClN2O2·1/4H2O)C,H,N.
在0℃,向搅拌着的浓H2SO4(10mL)逐份加入粉状氨基甲酸酯143(1.00g,2.9mmol),将混合物升温至室温达10min。将所得溶液冷却至-5℃,用KNO3(324mg,3.2mmol)的浓H2SO4(2mL)溶液逐滴处理。在0℃搅拌另外5min后,将混合物倒入冰/水中,用稀NH3水溶液中和。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,继之以从CH2Cl2、然后EtOAc中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-氰基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(144)(522mg,62%),为红色固体:mp237-238℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.55(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.74(dd,J=8.8,1.5Hz,1H),6.87(s,1H),4.29-4.21(m,1H),3.94-3.85(m,2H),3.80(dd,J=11.1,8.1Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=10.6,3.1Hz,1H).元素分析(C14H10ClN3O2)C,H,N,Cl.
将144(100mg,0.35mmol)在浓H2SO4(1.8mL)与水(0.2mL)的混合物中的溶液在65℃加热1h,然后冷却,用饱和KHCO3水溶液中和。收集沉 淀,用水洗涤,溶于热的EtOAc。将溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,然后浓缩,用iPr2O稀释,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(145)(92mg,86%),为红色固体:mp(EtOAc/iPr2O)>300℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.61(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.09,7.39(2br s,2H),7.95(dd,J=8.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),6.54(s,1H),4.26-4.18(m,1H),3.91(dd,J=11.0,3.8Hz,1H),3.86(td,J=9.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,8.5Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=10.3,2.6Hz,1H).元素分析(C14H12ClN3O3)C,H,N.
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(63mg,0.25mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(2mL)悬液用草酰氯(65μL,0.75mmo1)、继之以DMF(10μL)处理,将混合物在室温搅拌30min。在减压下蒸发混合物,然后与苯共沸。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺145(50mg,0.16mmol)的无水吡啶(1mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(4mg)。在室温搅拌30min后,将混合物倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中,收集沉淀,用水洗涤,溶于EtOAc/THF(4:1)。将该溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,然后浓缩,得到15(74mg,84%),为黄色固体:
mp(THF/EtOAe)287-289℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.58(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.27,7.60(2s,2H),8.15(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.92(dd,J=10.7,9.5Hz,1H),4.68-4.56(m,2H),4.18-4.06(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).元素分析(C26H23ClN4O7)C,H,N,
实施例28.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(16)(流程F).
将145(86mg,0.28mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(96mg,0.34mmol)、EDCI(216mg,1.13mmol)与无水TsOH(30mg,0.17mmol)在无水DMA(4mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌2h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集沉淀,用水洗涤,在MeCN(30mL)悬液中搅拌1h,然后再收集,得到粗制16。将游离碱的MeOH悬液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH中结晶,得到16·HCl(109mg,68%),为黄色固体:
mp>300℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.80(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),10.09(br s,1H),9.16(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.29,7.61(2br s,2H),8.16(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.96(dd,J=10.7,9.7Hz,1H),4.70(dd,J=10.9,2.5Hz,1H),4.68-4.59(m,1H),4.36(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.20-4.07(m,2H),3.50(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),2.87(s,6H).元素分析(C26H26C1N5O5·HCl·H2O)C,H,N.
实施例29.1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈(21)(流程F).
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(79mg,0.31mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(6mL)悬液用草酰氯(80μL,0.92mmol)、继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌30min,然后在减压下蒸发至干,加入苯后再蒸发。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺144(60mg,0.21mmol)的无水吡啶(1.5mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(5mg)。将混合物在室温搅拌15min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(9∶1)洗脱,得到21(81mg,75%),为黄色固体:
mp(CH2Cl2/EtOAc)257-258℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.62(s,1H),9.23(s,1H),8.86(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.39(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.93(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.69-4.59(m,2H),4.16-4.05(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).元素分析(C26H21ClN4O6)C,H,N.
实施例30.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈(22)(流程F).
将胺144(60mg,0.21mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(71mg,0.25mmol)、EDCI(160mg,0.83mmol)与无水TsOH(25mg,0.15mmol)在无水DMA(3mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌6h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集所沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,溶于CH2Cl2。在低于25℃的减压下浓缩经过干燥的溶液至小体积,用iPr2O稀释,得到粗制22。 将游离碱的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,得到22·HCI(94mg,81%),为黄色固体:
mp(MeOH/EtOAc)>300℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.86(s,1H),10.04(v br s,1H),9.31(s,1H),8.90(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.08(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.00(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.79-4.65(m,2H),4.39(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.21-4.10(m,2H),3.56(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.90(s,6H).元素分析(C27H24ClN5O4·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例31.1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]-吲哚-7-甲酰胺(17)(流程G).
将搅拌着的153(制备参见实施例36)(178mg,0.58mmol)的无水THF(6mL)溶液在0℃用乙醇胺(142mg,2.32mmol)、继之以苯并三唑-1-基氧基三吡咯烷子基鏻六氟磷酸盐(394mg,0.76mmol)处理。将混合物升温至室温达10min,然后用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用1M AcOH水溶液、10%KHCO3水溶液和热水洗涤,然后干燥,通过短硅胶柱过滤。除去溶剂,继之以两次从EtOAc中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(155)(166mg,82%):
mp150-151℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.60-8.52(m,2H),7.95(dd,J=8.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),6.53(s,1H),4.73(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.27-4.17(m,1H),3.93-3.81(m,2H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,8.6Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=10.4,2.8Hz,1H),3.54(q,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.36(D2O交换后,t,J=5.9Hz,2H).元素分析(C16H16ClN3O4)C,H,N.
在室温,将胺155(75mg,0.21mmol)溶于MeOH/HCl(g),在减压下蒸发溶液至干。加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(65mg,0.26mmol)、EDCI(163mg,0.85mmol)、无水TsOH(30mg,0.17mmol)和无水DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温搅拌3h。将混合物倒入10%NaCl水溶液中,收集沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,然后在室温溶于最少量的DMF。将溶液用EtOAc稀释,过滤,然后用己烷稀释,冷冻,得到17(76mg,61%):
mp244-245℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),8.81(s,1H),8.76(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.91(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.77(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.67-4.56(m,2H),4.17-4.06(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.57(q,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.39(D2O交换后,t,J=5.9Hz,2H).元素分析(C28H27ClN4O8)C,H,N.
实施例32.1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(18)(流程G).
如同实施例31,将胺155(75mg,0.21mmol)转化为盐酸盐,然后与(E)-A-甲氧基肉桂酸、EDCI和TsOH反应并处理,得到18(69mg,63%):
mp240-241℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.22(s,1H),8.79(s,1H),8.75(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.76(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.70-4.56(m,3H),4.13-4.04(m,2H),3.83(s,3H),3.56(q,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.39(D2O交换后,t,J=6.0Hz,2H).元素分析(C26H24ClN3O6)C,H,N.
实施例33.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(19)(流程G).
如同实施例31,将胺155(75mg,0.21mmol)转化为盐酸盐,然后与5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐反应。将混合物倒入10%KHCO3水溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用10%KHCO3水溶液和饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,然后干燥,在低于30℃的减压下浓缩,得到粗制19。将其溶于MeOH,用过量EtOAc稀释,过滤,然后用EtOAc/己烷/HCl(g)处理。使所得沉淀从MeOH/EtOAc中结晶,得到19·HCl(68mg,51%):mp231-233℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.80(s,1H),9.98(vbr,1H),9.16(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.78(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.23(s,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),4.96(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.78(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.74-4.59(m,2H),4.35(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),4.19-4.07(m,2H),3.57(q,J=5.7Hz,2H),3.46-3.36(D2O交换后,m,4H),2.86(s,6H).元素分析(C29H30ClN5O6·HCl)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例34.1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(13)(流程G).
将6-(甲氧羰基)-2-萘甲酸[J.Med.Chem.,2004,47,303-324](146)(1.21g,5.26mmol)在含有粉碎分子筛(1g)的无水t-BuOH(20mL)中的溶液用三乙胺(0.88mL,6.31mmol)处理,在室温N2下搅拌30min。加入DPPA(1.25mL,5.80mmol),将混合物在回流下搅拌7h,然后冷却,倒入稀NaHCO3水溶液中。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,继之以用iPr2O研制,从EtOAc中重结晶,得到6-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(147)(1.24g,78%),为白色固体:mp178-180℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.76(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),8.02(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=8.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=8.9,2.1Hz,1H),3.89(s,3H),1.52(s,9H).元素分析(C17H19NO4)C,H,N.
将酯147(977mg,3.24mmol)与NBS(664mg,3.73mmol)在CH3CN(25mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌45min,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,溶液用10%Na2SO3水溶液和水洗涤(x2),干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用二氯甲烷洗脱,得到2-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-1-溴-6-萘甲酸甲基酯(148)(1.12g,91%),为白色固体:mp(石油醚)130-131℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.93(s,1H),8.65(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.64(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.93(s,3H),1.50(s,9H).元素分析(C17H18BrNO4)C,H,N,Br.
将搅拌着的溴化物148(1.05g,2.76mmol)的无水DMF(8mL)溶液在0℃用NaH(132mg,60%油分散体,3.30mmol)处理。将所得悬液升温至室温达30min,然后冷却至0℃,用1,3-二氯丙烯(0.80mL,8.7mmol,混合的异构体)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌另外4h,然后倒入稀AcOH水溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用稀NaHCO3水溶液和水洗涤(x2),干燥,在100℃减压下浓缩至干。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,得到2-[(叔丁氧羰基)(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基]-1-溴-6-萘甲酸甲基酯(149)(1.19g,95%),为胶状物;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO](旋转异构体和E与Z型的混合物)
δ8.73(s,1H),8.34(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.9H.z,1H),7.63,7.58(2d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.25,8.24(2d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.45-6.31(m,1H),6.20-6.00(m,1H),4.58-4.48,4.43-4.21,4.16-4.00(3m,2H),3.95(s,3H),1.50,1.27(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C20H22 79Br35ClNO4(MH+)m/z454.0421,实测值454.0410.
在N2下,将149(1.16g,2.55mmol)、Bu3SnH(0.69mL,2.56mmol)与AIBN(50mg,0.30mmol)在无水苯(15mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物用i-Pr2O研制,所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,得到3-(叔丁氧羰基)-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(150)(817mg,85%),为白色固体:
mp(EtOAc)187-189℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.60(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.1(vbr,1H),8.09(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),4.31-4.23(m,1H),4.20(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.2,2.5Hz,1H),4.04(dd,J=11.1,3.1Hz,1H),3.96-3.88(m,4H),1.55(s,9H).元素分析(C20H22ClNO4)C,H,N.
在0℃,向搅拌着的浓H2SO4(6mL)加入粉状150(900mg,2.39mmol),将混合物升温至室温达15min。将所得溶液冷却至-5℃,用KNO3(266mg,2.63mmol)的浓H2SO4(1.5mL)溶液逐滴处理。将混合物在-5℃搅拌另外5min,然后倒入冰/水中,用稀NH3水溶液中和。所得固体经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到粗制1-(氯甲基)-9-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(151)(102mg,13%),为橙色-褐色固体;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.66(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.25(s,1H),7.18(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.92-3.83(M,4H),3.74-3.67(M,1H),3.63(dd,J=10.6,2.3Hz,1H),3.39-3.28(m,2H).
进一步用CH2Cl2洗脱得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(152)(228mg,30%),为红色固体:mp(二氯甲烷/i-Pr2O)191-192℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(s,1H),7.96(dd,J=8.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.9,0.7Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),6.74(s,1H),4.27-4.19(m,1H),3.94-3.85(m,5H),3.79(dd,J=11.0,8.4Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=10.5,3.1Hz,1H).元素分析(C15H13ClN2O4)C,H,N,Cl.
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(47mg,0.19mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(2mL)悬液用草酰氯(50μL,0.57mmol)、继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌30min,然后在减压下蒸发至干,加入苯后再蒸发。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺152(40mg,0.12mmol)的无水吡啶(1mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(4mg)。将混合物在室温搅拌15min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。所沉淀的固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(9:1)洗脱,得到13(49mg,71%),为橙色固体:
mp(CH2Cl2/iPr2O)256-257℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2S0]δ11.60(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),9.19(s,1H),9.03(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.34(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.92(dd,J=10.6,9.6Hz,1H),4.69-4.57(m,2H),4.18-4.05(m,2H),3.96(s,3H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).元素分析(C27H24ClN3O8)C,H,N.
实施例35.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(14)(流程G).
将胺152(80mg,0.25mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(85mg,0.30mmol)、EDCI(191mg,1.00mmol)与无水TsOH(25mg,0.15mmol)在无水DMA(4mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌7h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。所得固体从CH2Cl2/EtOAc/i-Pr2O中重结晶两次,得到 14。将14的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,得到14·HCI(106mg,72%),为黄色固体:
mp>300℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.82(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),10.14(brs,1H),9.24(s,1H),9.03(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.35(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97(dd,J=10.7,9.7Hz,1H),4.71(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.68-4.61(m,1H),4.37(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.18-4.08(m,2H),3.96(s,3H),3.53(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.87(s,6H).元素分析(C28H27ClN4O6·HCl·0.5H2O)C,H,N.
实施例36.1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(20)(流程G).
将152(142mg,0.44mmol)的浓HCl(15mL)溶液在回流下加热1h,然后在减压下蒸发至干,加入水后再蒸发。将残余物用水研制,收集固体,溶于EtOAc。将溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,产物从EtOAc/己烷中重结晶两次,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸(153)(106mg,78%),为红色固体:
mp214-217℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.0(v br,1H)8.75(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),7.96(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.71(s,1H),6.68(s,1H),4.27-4.18(m,1H),3.94-3.83(m,2H),3.78(dd,J=11.1,8.6Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=10.5,3.1Hz,1H).元素分析(C14H11ClN2O4)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的153(124mg,0.40mmol)的无水DMF(1.5mL)溶液在0℃用N,N-二甲基-1,2-乙二胺(111μL,1.01mmol)处理,继之以滴加氰基膦酸二乙酯(132μL,93%,0.81mmol)。将混合物升温至室温达30min,然后倒入用NaCl饱和的稀NH3水溶液中。收集所沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,从CH2Cl2/i-Pr2O中重结晶两次,得到1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(154)(102mg,67%),为红色固体:
mp155-158℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.57(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),8.51(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),6.54(s,1H),4.26-4.18(m,1H),3.91(dd,J=11.0,3.8Hz,1H),3.86(td,J=9.8,2.3Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,8.6Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=10.2,2.8Hz,1H),3.39(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.42(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.49(s,6H).元素分析(C18H21ClN4O3·1/2 H2O)C,H,N.
将154(45mg,0.12mmol)的二噁烷(10mL)悬液在20℃用HCl气体处理直至无色,然后在减压下蒸发至干。向所得二盐酸盐加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(36mg,0.14mmol)、EDCI(92mg,0.48mmol)和无水DMA(1mL),将混合物在室温搅拌2h,然后倒入饱和KHCO3水溶液中。收集所沉淀的固体,溶于CH2Cl2,将该溶液用水洗涤,干燥,在低于25℃的减压下浓缩。残余物用EtOAc/i-Pr2O研制,得到粗制20。将游离碱的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH/EtOAc中结晶,得到20·HCl(61mg,79%),为黄色固体:mp246-248℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.58(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),9.84(brs,1H),9.14(s,1H),9.07(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.86(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=8.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.93(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),4.68-4.57(m,2H),4.18-4.07(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.69(q,J=5.8Hz,2H),3.23(D2O交换后,t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.85(s,6H).元素分析(C30H32ClN5O7·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例37.1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(23)(流程H).
将6-羟基-2-萘甲酸甲基酯[J.Med.Chem.,2001,44,2869-2878](156)(5.95g,29.4mmol)、DABCO(6.61g,58.9mmol)与二甲基硫代氨甲酰氯(5.46g,44.2mmol)在无水DMF(40mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌8h。收集所沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,溶于CH2Cl2。将溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,产物用i-Pr2O研制,从CH2Cl2/己烷中重结晶,得到6-{[(二甲氨基)硫代碳酰基]氧基}-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(157)(7.47g,88%),为白色固体:
mp144-147℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.66(s,1H),8.16(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=8.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),3.93(s,3H),3.40(s,3H),3.38(s,3H).元素分析(C15H15NO3S)C,H,N.
在N2下,将硫代氨基甲酸酯157(8.10g,28mmol)在225℃加热3h。将经冷却的混合物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc洗脱,继之以用i-Pr2O研制,得到6-{[(二甲氨基)羰基]硫基}-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(158)(6.91g,85%),为白色固体:mp(二氯甲烷/石油醚)130-132℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.67(s,1H),8.17(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.60(dd,J=8.5,1.8Hz,1H),3.93(t,3H),3.09(brs,3H),2.97(brs,3H).元素分析(C15H15NO3S)C,H,N.
将158(6.36g,22mmol)在KOH水溶液(5N,340mL,1.7mol)与MeOH(205mL)混合物中的悬液在回流下搅拌3h,然后冷却至5℃,用Me2SO4(26mL,275mmol)逐滴处理。在室温搅拌另外4h后,浓缩混合物至一半体积,用稀HCl水溶液酸化,使所沉淀的产物从EtOAc/己烷中结晶,得到6-(甲硫基)-2-萘甲酸(159)(4.39g,91%),为白色固体:mp(MeOH)231-233℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ(CO2H未观察到)8.53(s,1H),8.01(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.96(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=8.7,1.9Hz,1H),2.61(s,3H).元素分析(C12H10O2S)C,H.
将159(4.24g,19.4mmol)与NaBO3.4H2O(20.0g,130mmol)在AcOH(150mL)中的混合物在55℃搅拌2h。加入另外的NaBO3.4H2O(5.4g,35mmol),将混合物在55℃搅拌另外2h,然后用水(1L)稀释。收集所沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,从MeOH和DMF/H2O中重结晶,得到6-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘甲酸(160)(3.98g,82%),为白色固体:
mp301-304℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ(CO2H未观察到)8.74(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),8.39(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=8.7,1.9Hz,1H),3.32(s,3H).元素分析(C12H10O4S)C,H.
将酸160(4.08g,16.30mmol)在含有粉碎分子筛(2g)的无水t-BuOH (70mL)中的悬液用三乙胺(2.73mL,19.59mmol)处理,在室温N2下搅拌30min。加入DPPA(3.87mL,17.96mmol),将混合物在回流下搅拌6h,然后在减压下浓缩至小体积,倒入稀NaHCO3水溶液中。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到6-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(161)(4.57g,87%),为白色固体:mp(EtOAc/己烷)203-204℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.81(s,1H),8.44(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),8.08(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.9,2.0Hz,1H),3.25(s,3H),1.52(s,9H).元素分析(C16H19NO4S)C,H,N.
将161(4.47g,13.91mmol)与NBS(2.72g,15.28mmol)在MeCN(80mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌3h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,该溶液用10%Na2SO3水溶液和水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到1-溴-6-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(162)(4.79g,86%),为白色固体:
mp(MeOH)190℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.95(s,1H),8.61(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.36(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.08(dd,J=9.0,1.9Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.25(D2O交换后,s,3H),1.50(s,9H).元素分析(C16H18BrNO4S)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的162(4.70g,11.74mmol)的无水DMF(40mL)悬液在0℃用NaH(564mg,60%油分散体,14.10mmol)逐份处理。将混合物升温至室温达1h,然后冷却至0℃,用1,3-二氯丙烯(3.4mL,37mmol,混合的异构体)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌另外6h,然后用10%NaCl水溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用水洗涤(x2),干燥,在100℃减压下浓缩至干。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(9:1)洗脱,得到1-溴-6-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(163)(5.41g,97%),为泡沫;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO](旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ8.73-8.69(m,1H),8.46(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.30,8.29(2d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.14(dd,J=9.0,1.8Hz,1H),7.71,7.68(2d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.43-6.28(m,1H),6.19-6.01(m,1H),4.59-4.48,4.44-4.23,4.19-4.05(3m,2H),3.27(D2O交换后,s,3H),1.50,1.26(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C19H22 79Br35ClNO4S(MH+)m/z474.0141,实测值474.0142.
在N2下,将163(5.38g,11.33mmol)、Bu3SnH(3.05mL,11.34mmol)与AIBN(0.25g,1.5mmol)在无水苯(80mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,该溶液用过量己烷稀释,冷冻。所沉淀的半固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚3-甲酸叔丁基酯(164)(3.53g,79%),为白色固体:
mp(iPr2O)125-126℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.54(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.25-8.05(m,3H),7.91(dd,J=8.9,1.9Hz,1H),4.36-4.27(m,1H),4.23(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.10dd,J=11.4,2.9Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=11.1,3.2Hz,1H),3.94dd,J=11.1,6.7Hz,1H),3.21(D2O交换后,s,3H),1.56(s,9H).元素分析(C19H22ClNO4S)C,H,N.
在0℃,向搅拌着的浓H2SO4(16mL)加入粉状164(1.50g,3.79mmol),将混合物升温至室温达30min。将所得溶液冷却至-5℃,用KNO3(421mg,4.16mmol)的浓H2SO4(3mL)溶液逐滴处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌另外10min,然后倒入冰/水中,用NH3水溶液中和。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(165)(926mg,72%),为红色固体:
mp(EtOAc)199-200℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.68(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.9,0.4Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.79(s,1H),6.83(s,1H),4.31.-4.23(m,1H),3.95-3.86(m,2H),3.82dd,J=11.1,8.1Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=10.1,3.1Hz,1H),3.25(s,3H).元素分析(C14H13ClN2O4S)C,H,N,Cl.
将胺165(250mg,0.73mmol)、5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(221mg,0.88mmol)、EDCI(563mg,2.94mmol)与无水TsOH(100mg,0.58mmol)在无水DMA(8mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌4h,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。 收集沉淀,从DMF/H2O中结晶,得到23(353mg,84%),为黄色固体:
mp296-297℃(dec.);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.62(t,1H),9.27(s,1H),8.98(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.15(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.95(t,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.70-4.61(m,2H),4.20-4.06(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.28(s,3H).元素分析(C26H24ClN3O8S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例38.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(24)(流程H).
将胺165(350mg,1.03mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(351mg,1.23mmol)、EDCI(788mg,4.11mmol)与无水TsOH(140mg,0.81mmol)在无水DMF(20mL)中的混合物在室温N2下搅拌6h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集所沉淀的固体,溶于CH2Cl2,将经过干燥的溶液用EtOAc稀释,在低于25℃的减压下浓缩至小体积,得到粗制24。将游离碱的MeOH悬液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH/EtOAc中结晶,得到24·HCl(484mg,78%),为黄色固体:
mp250-252℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.83(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),10.19(brs,1H),9.32(s,1H),8.98(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.50(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.00(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.77-4.65(m,2H),4.37(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.20-4.09(m,2H),3.51(brs,2H),3.36(s,3H),2.86(s,6H).元素分析(C27H27ClN4O6S·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例39.8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(41)(流程I).
在0℃,向AlCl3(490mg,3.66mmol,99.99%)的CH2Cl2(15mL)悬液滴加含Ac2O(340mg,3.35mmol)的CH2Cl2(2.5mL)。滴加7-溴-2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)萘(166)[J.Am.Chem.Soc,1993,115,3182](850mg,3.05mmol)的CH2Cl2(2.5mL)溶液。15min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥。通过硅藻土过滤,继之以色谱处理, 用石油醚/EtOAc(95:5然后4:1)洗脱,得到2-乙酰基-7-溴萘(167)(120mg,88%),为无色固体;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.36(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J=8.7,1.9Hz,1H),2.72(s,3H)[等同于文献报道:Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan,1979,52,3033]。
将167(750mg,3.01mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(68mg,0.30mmol)、1,3-双(二苯膦基)丙烷(124mg,0.30mmol)、MeOH(10mL)、三乙胺(5mL)与DMSO(5mL)的混合物置于Berghof反应器(HR-200)中,用CO(g)净化5min。然后用CO(g)向反应器施加压力(25bar),在70℃加热15h。冷却后加入EtOAc,混合物通过硅藻土/硅胶过滤。在减压下除去溶剂,加入CH2Cl2和水。混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(x3),合并有机萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥。通过硅胶过滤,继之以色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(4:1然后1:1然后2:3)洗脱,得到7-乙酰基-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(168)(640mg,93%),为白色固体。使样品从石油醚/CH2Cl2中重结晶:
mp103-105℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.72(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.18(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.00(s,3H),2.74(s,3H);13CNMRδ197.5,166.7,137.5,135.2,132.4,131.8,131.3,128.5,128.3,128.1,127.8,126.2,52.4,26.6.元素分析(C14H12O3)C,H.
在0℃,向经冷却的酯168(640mg,2.81mmol)的MeOH(10mL)与CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液滴加KOH(570mg,10mmol)的水(3.5mL)溶液。使混合物升温至室温并搅拌96h后,加入过量CH2Cl2和水。将水性部分用2N HCl酸化(pH2),所得白色沉淀用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥,得到7-乙酰基-2-萘甲酸(169)(575mg,96%),为无色固体。样品从石油醚/二氯甲烷/Et2O中重结晶:
mp224-228℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ(CO2H未观察到)8.82(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.23(dd,J=8.6,1.6Hz,1H),8.18(dd,J=8.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),2.76(s,3H).元素分析(C13H10O3)C,H.
将酸169(550mg,2.57mmol)、DPPA(850mg,3.08mmol)与三乙胺 (570mg,5.65mmol)的t-BuOH(20mL)溶液在回流下加热15h。将混合物倒入EtOAc中,通过硅藻土过滤。经过硅胶色谱处理,用石油醚/CH2Cl2/EtOAc(8:1:1)洗脱,得到7-乙酰基-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(170)(451mg,62%),为无色固体:mp(EtOAc)161-163℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.38(brs,1H),8.16(brs,1H),7.91(dd,J=8.5,1.7Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.43(d(d,J=8.8,2.2Hz,1H),6.68(brs,1H),2.70(s,3H),1.55(s,9H);13C NMRδ198.2,152.7,136.7,135.0,133.2,132.0,129.7,128.5,128.0,122.4,121.6,115.8,81.0,28.3,26.6.元素分析(C17H19NO3)C,H,N.
在N2下,将氨基甲酸酯170(420mg,1.47mmol)、NBS(292mg,1.62mmol)与K2CO3(244mg,1.77mmol)在MeCN(10mL)中的混合物在40℃加热30min,然后在减压下浓缩。向残余物加入EtOAc和水,将EtOAc部分用水、盐水洗涤,干燥,得到7-乙酰基-1-溴-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(171)(530mg,99%),为无色固体:mp(石油醚/EtOAc)114-117℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.70(s,1H),8.50(d,J-=9.0Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.34(brs,1H),2.76(s,3H),1.58(s,9H);13C NMRδ197.9,152.4,136.0,135.8,133.0,131.5,128.7,128.5,128.0,123.1,122.0,111.0,81.6,28.3,26.7.元素分析(C17H18BrNO3)C,H,N.
在-40℃,向171(50mg,0.14mmol)的DMF(3mL)溶液加入NaH(7mg,0.17mmol,60%油分散体)。加入1,3-二氯丙烯(25mg,0.21mmol),使混合物历经1h升温至室温,然后在减压下浓缩。加入CH2Cl2和水,将有机层用水、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(4:1)洗脱,得到7-乙酰基-1-溴-2-萘基-(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(172)(55mg,92%),为黄色的油;
1HNMR(CDCl3)(旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ8.94(s,1H),8.13-8.07(m,1H),7.94-7.79(m,2H),7.50-7.35(m,1H),6.15-6.02(m,2H),4.66-4.28,4.02-3.91(2m,2H),2.78(s,3H),1.34(s,9H).HRMS(Cl)计算值C20H21 79Br35ClNO3(MH+)m/z438.0472,实测值438.0460.
将172(470mg,1.07mmol)、Bu3SnH(380mg,1.29mmol)与AIBN(18mg, 0.11mmol)在苯(l0mL)中的混合物在回流下加热15h,然后在减压下浓缩。加入EtOAc和水,将EtOAc部分用水(x2)、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(4:1)洗脱,继之以重结晶(MeOH),得到8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(173)(320mg,82%),为无色针晶:
mp98-100℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.34(s,1H),8.26(brs,1H),7.91-7.84(m,2H),7.81(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.36-4.28(m,1H),4.21-4.09(m,2H),3.97-3.90(m,1H),3.59-3.51(m,1H),2.72(s,3H),1.61(s,9H);13C NMRδ(一个C未观察到)198.0,142.4,135.4,132.2,129.7,129.5,129.2,123.6,122.2,119.1,118.2,68.2,52.7,46.5,28.5,26.9,25.2.元素分析(C20H22ClNO3)C,H,N.
将173(100mg,0.28mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液搅拌4h。在减压下除去溶剂,得到粗制胺盐酸盐(82mg,0.26mmol,100%)。将其立即溶于吡啶(5mL),冷却(0℃),用TFAA(88mg,0.42mmol)处理。1h后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用HCl水溶液(1N,x3)、水、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(1:1)洗脱,得到8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(174)(92mg,93%),为无色固体:mp(石油醚/Et2O)161-163℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.55(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.41(s,1H),8.02-7.95(m,2H),7.92(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.68(dt,J=11.5,1.4Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=11.4,8.6Hz,1.H),4.34-4.26(m,1H),3.98(dd,J=11.5,3.5Hz,1H),3.63(dd,J=11.5,8.9Hz,1H),2.74(s,3H);13C NMRδ197.7,154.6(q,JC-F37.8Hz),140.9,135.8,134.0,130.2,129.7,128.6,127.1,124.0,123.8,119.5,116.1(q,JC-F288Hz),52.6(q,JC-F4.1Hz),45.7,42.7,26.9.元素分析(C17H13ClF3NO2)C,H,N.
在0℃,将固体174(57mg,0.16mmol)溶于浓H2SO4(5mL),然后用冷(0℃)的KNO3(16mg,0.16mmol)的浓H2SO4(0.5mL)溶液逐滴处理。15min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取(x6)。合并有机萃取液,用水(x2)、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(7:3)洗脱,得到8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(175) (25mg,39%),为橙色粉末:
mp(石油醚/EtOAc)196-198℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ9.23(s,1H),8.58(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=9.1,1.6Hz,1H),4.73(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.56(dd,J=11.4,8.8Hz,1H),4.47-4.39(m,1H),3.98(dd,J=11.6,3.6Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=11.6,7.8Hz,1H),2.78(s,3H).元素分析(C17H12ClF3N2O4)C,H,N.
将175(45mg,0.11mmol)与Cs2CO3(38mg,0.11mmol)的MeOH(3mL)与CH2Cl2(6mL)溶液搅拌15min。加入水,混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用水(x2)、盐水(x3)洗涤,干燥,蒸发。将残余物溶于HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(5mL),搅拌1h。蒸发二噁烷,得到8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚盐酸盐(176)(38mg,100%):
mp>300℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ(两个H未观察到)8.42(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=9.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.77(s,1H),4.41-4.33(m,1H),3.96(dd,J=11.0,4.1Hz,1H),3.85(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=11.0,2.6Hz,1H),3.73(dd,J=10.3,2.7Hz,1H),2.74(s,3H);13CNMRδ197.9,150.0,147.1,135.3,130.0,127.1,124.3,123.6,121.6,119.8,111.0,50.8,46.6,42.7,26.8.
该产物直接用于下一步。
将176(35mg,0.10mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(35mg,0.12mmol)与EDCI(79mg,0.41mmol)在DMA(3mL)中的混合物在N2气氛下搅拌15h。然后使混合物在CH2Cl2与冷(0℃)的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用水(x3)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,蒸发溶剂直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到41(38mg,69%),为橙色粉末:mp210-215℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.71(s,1H),9.26(s,1H),8.73(s,1H),8.45(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.12(dd,J=9.1,1.5Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.87-4.78(m,1H),4.74(dd,J=10.8,2.0Hz,1H),4.22-4.12(m,2H),4.08(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.81(s,3H),2.66(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.25(s,6H);13C NMRδ197.7,160.5,153.0,146.3,141.5,135.6,133.9,131.9,129.8,129.0,127.4,125.7,125.2,123.9,123.4,116.4,116.3,113.2,106.1,103.2,66.1,57.6,54.7,48.1,45.3,41.2,27.0.元素分析(C28H27C1N4O5·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例40.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯(42)(流程J).
向2,7-萘二甲酸二甲基酯(177)[Bioorg.Med.Chem.,1998,6,1799](1.52g,6.23mmol)的MeOH(8mL)与CH2Cl2(8mL)溶液滴加KOH(340mg,6.17mmol)的MeOH(8mL)与水(1mL)溶液。20h后,加入更多的CH2Cl2和水,分离水相,用2N HCl酸化(pH2)。滤出所得白色沉淀,用水洗涤,在真空干燥器中干燥。经过色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(9:1然后4:1)洗脱,得到所回收的177(0.50g,33%)和7-(甲氧羰基)-2-萘甲酸(178)(672mg,47%),为无色晶体:
mp(MeOH)262-264℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.0(brs,1H),8.802(s,1H),8.796(s,1H),8.17-8.05(m,4H),3.95(s,3H);13C NMRδ(一个C未观察到)167.0,166.0,136.8,131.8,131.3,129.2,128.3,128.1,127.7,127.6,126.9,52.3.元素分析(C13H10O4)C,H.
将酸178(50mg,0.22mmol)、DPPA(72mg,0.26mmol)与三乙胺(48mg,0.48mmol)的t-BuOH(5mL)溶液在回流下加热20h。在减压下除去溶剂,残余物经过色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(49:1)洗脱,继之以重结晶(EtOAc/石油醚),得到7-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(179)(52mg,80%),为无色针晶。使样品重结晶:mp(CH2Cl2/正己烷)181-183℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.52(brs,1H),8.05(brs,1H),7.94(dd,J=8.5,1.7Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.51(dd,J=8.8,2.1Hz,1H),6.67(brs,1H),3.97(s,3H),1.56(s,9H);13C NMRδ167.3,152.7,136.6,133.1,132.0,130.4,128.6,127.9,127.8,123.8,121.5,115.6,80.9,52.2,28.3.元素分析(C17H19NO4)C,H,N.
在N2下,将179(50mg,0.17mmol)、NBS(33mg,0.18mmol)与K2CO3(28mg,0.20mmol)在MeCN(3mL)中的混合物在60℃加热30min。在减压下除去溶剂,残余物经过色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(9:1)洗脱,继之以重结晶(石油醚),得到8-溴-7-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(180)(57mg,90%),为无色晶体:
mp137-140℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.89(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.01(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.35(brs,1H),4.00(s,3H),1.57(s,9H).元素分析(C17H18BrNO4)C,H,N,Br.
在0℃,向溴化物180(450mg,1.18mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液加入NaH(57mg,1.42mmol,60%油分散体)。加入1,3-二氯丙烯(260mg,2.37mmol),使混合物历经1h升温至室温,然后在减压下浓缩。加入CH2Cl2和水,将有机相用水(x2)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥,通过硅胶过滤,得到8-溴-7-[(叔丁氧羰基)(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基]-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(181)(520mg,97%),为黄色的油;
1H NMR(CDCl3)(旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ9.07(s,1H),8.18-8.08(m,1H),7.93-7.78(m,2H),7.42-7.32(m,1H),6.15-5.98(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),4.63-4.48(m,2H),1.26,1.24(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C20H21 79Br35ClNO4(MH+)m/z454.0421,实测值454.0421.
将181(500mg,1.10mmol)、Bu3SnH(350mg,1.21mmol)与AIBN(19mg,0.11mmol)在苯(8mL)中的混合物在回流下加热1.5h。在减压下除去苯,将残余物用戊烷研制,所得固体重结晶(MeOH),得到8-甲基3-(叔丁氧羰基)-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸酯(182)(369mg,78%),为无色针晶:
mp143-145℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.45(s,1H),8.31(br s,1H),7.93(dd,J=8.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.36-4.27(m,1H),4.20-4.08(m,2H),4.00(s,3H),3.99-3.92(m,1H),3.57-3.48(m,1H),1.61(s,9H);13C NMRδ167.1,152.4,142.0,132.1,129.6,129.2,129.0,128.4,124.9,124.1,123.2,118.0,81.4,52.6,52.3,46.5,41.6,28.4.元素分析(C20H22ClNO4)C,H,N,Cl.
将酯182(200mg,0.53mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液搅拌4h,然后蒸发,得到胺盐酸盐(169mg,100%)。将冷(0℃)的该盐(85mg,0.27mmol)的吡啶(4mL)溶液用TFAA(66mg,0.32mmol)处理。在0℃30min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用HCl(1N,x2)、水、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc/CH2Cl2(7:2:1然后8:1:1)洗脱,继之以用正己烷研制,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯(183)(88mg,87%),为无色晶体:
mp161-163℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.55(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.07(dd,J=8.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.68(dt,J=11.5,1.4Hz,1H),4.45(dd,J=11.4,8.6Hz,1H),4.32-4.27(m,1H),4.02(s,3H),4.00(dd,J=11.6,3.3Hz,1H),3.62(dd,J=11.5,9.2Hz,1H);13C NMRδ166.7,154.8(q,JC-F37.4Hz),140.7,134.0,130.2,129.4,129.1,128.4,126.8,125.4,125.0,119.4,116.0(q,JC-F288Hz),76.7,52.6(q,JC-F4.0Hz),45.7,42.6.元素分析(C17H13ClF3NO3)C,H,N.
向冷却(0℃)的183(350mg,0.94mmol)加入冷(0℃)的浓H2SO4(8mL)。然后滴加冷却(0℃)的KNO3(95mg,0.94mmol)的98%H2SO4(0.5mL)溶液。15min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并CH2Cl2萃取液,用水(x2)、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(4:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯(185)(136mg,36%),为褐色粉末:
mp(CH2Cl2/MeOH)165-168℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.69(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.13(s,1H),8.07(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.69(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.52(dd,J=11.5,8.6Hz,1H),4.32-4.25(m,1H),3.99(s,3H),3.95(dd,J=11.6,3.5Hz,1H),3.66(dd,J=11.6,8.5Hz,1H);13CNMRδ165.9,154.9(q,JC-F38.4Hz),144.8,143.8,132.1,131.0,130.0,126.7,126.11,126.05,125.7,120.7,115.8(q,JC-F288Hz),53.5,52.8,45.6,42.3.元素分析(C17H12ClF3N2O5.1/4EtOAc)C,H,N.
进一步洗脱得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯(184)(140mg,36%),为奶油色粉末。样品用MeOH研制,得到无色晶体:
mp243-245℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.09(s,1H),8.75(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.51(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.22(dd,J=9.1,1.6Hz,1H),4.86-4.79(m,1H),4.68-4.61(m,1H),4.55-4.49(m,1H),4.19(dd,J=11.5,3.5Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.97(s,3H);13C NMRδ165.5,150.3,146.6,139.3,139.2,134.8,129.6,128.7,127.5,126.3,124.5,123.0,116.0,52.8,52.7,47.6,40.9.元素分析(C17H12ClF3N2O5)C,H,N.
将184(100mg,0.24mmol)与Cs2CO3(312mg,0.96mmol)的MeOH(10mL)与CH2Cl2(15mL)溶液搅拌1.5h。加入水,混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,在减压下蒸发溶剂直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯(186)(76mg,100%):
mp161-163℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.40(dd,J=1.6,0.6Hz,1H),8.22(dd,J=9.1,0.4Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=9.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.78(s,1H),6.49(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.35-4.28(m,1H),3.93(s,3H),3.89-3.82(m,2H),3.79-3.69(m,2H).HRMS(CI)计算值C15H13 35ClN2O4(M+)m/z320.0534,实测值320.0563.
将胺186(70mg,0.22mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液搅拌2h。在减压下除去二噁烷,得到盐酸盐(78mg,100%)。加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(75mg,0.26mmol)、EDCI(126mg,0.66mmol)和DMA(5mL),将混合物在N2气氛下搅拌5h。使混合物在CH2Cl2与冰冷的 5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x3),合并萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,在减压下浓缩溶剂直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到粗制42(101mg,84%),为橙色粉末:HRMS(FAB)计算值C28H27 35ClN4O6(MH+)m/z 551.1697,实测值551.1696。1H NMR分析显示该样品含有8%相应的外-亚甲基化合物(3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1-亚甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯)。样品经过HPLC纯化(Synergi MAX柱,CH3CN/H2O/TFA,pH 2.5),得到42·TFA(38mg,根据HPLC分析纯度为99%),为橙色粉末:
mp>320℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.80(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),9.63(br s,1H),9.26(s,1H),8.74(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=9.4Hz,1H)8.17(dd,J=9.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.05(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.96(dd,J=10.6,9.4Hz,1H),4.83-4.74(m,1H),4.70(dd,J=10.8,2.3Hz,1H),4.35(t,J=4.8Hz,2H),4.14(dd,J=11.4,3.4Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=11.4,5.8Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.57(br s,2H),2.91(br s,6H);13C NMR δ165.5,160.5,152.0,146.3,141.5,133.5,132.3,130.1,129.1,128.9,127.3,126.5,125.9,124.3,123.5,116.6,116.1,113.3,106.2,104.0,62.6,55.6,54.8,52.6,47.8,42.8,41.4.
实施例41.1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺(44)(流程J).
将184(314mg,0.75mmol)在浓H2SO4(4.5mL)与水(0.5mL)混合物中的悬液在90℃搅拌3h,然后冷却,用水(80mL)稀释。将溶液过滤澄清,用NH3水溶液调节至pH4。收集所得沉淀,溶于EtOAc,然后过滤该溶液,在减压下浓缩至小体积,用己烷稀释,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸(187)(226mg,95%),为红色固体:
mp205-208℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.3(vbr,1H),8.38(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=9.1,1.6Hz,1H),7.76(s,1H),6.45(s,1H),4.35-4.25(m,1H),3.91-3.80(m,2H),3.76(dd,J=11.2,8.5Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=10.3,2.8Hz,1H).元素分析(C14H11ClN2O4)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的187(120mg,0.39mmol)的无水DMF(1.5mL)溶液在0℃用N,N-二甲基-1,2-乙二胺(107μL,0.97mmol)处理,继之以滴加氰基膦酸二乙酯(128μL,93%,0.78mmol)。将混合物升温至室温达45min,然后倒入用NaCl饱和的稀NH3水溶液中。收集所得固体,用水洗涤,从CH2Cl2/i-Pr2O中重结晶两次,得到1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺(188)(88mg,60%),为红色固体:
mp178-180℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.68(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=9.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.72(s,1H),6.41(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.28-4.18(m,1H),3.98(dd,J=10.9,3.7Hz,1H),3.84(td,J=9.7,2.4Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=11.0,9.0Hz,2H),3.49-3.37(m,2H),2.45(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.21(s,6H).元素分析(C18H21ClN4O3)C,H,N.
将188(72mg,0.19mmol)的二噁烷(15mL)悬液在20℃用HCl(g)处理直至无色,然后在减压下蒸发至干。向所得二盐酸盐加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(58mg,0.23mmol)、EDCI(148mg,0.77mmol)和无水DMA(2.0mL),将混合物在室温搅拌1.5h。将混合物倒入饱和KHCO3水溶液中,收集所沉淀的固体,溶于二氯甲烷。将溶液用水洗涤,干燥,在低于25℃的减压下浓缩,然后用己烷稀释,得到粗制44。将44的CH2Cl2溶液用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH/EtOAc中结晶,得到44·HCl(71mg,57%),为黄色固体:
mp228-229℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.58(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.87(v br s,1H),9.28-9.14(m,2H),8.71(s,1H),8.46(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.14(dd,J=9.1,1.5Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.94(t,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.72-4.61(m,2H),4.25-4.15(m,2H),3.95(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.76-3.68(m,2H),3.26(D2O交换后,t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.87(br s,6H).元素分析(C30H32ClN5O7·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例42.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺(43)(流程K).
将2,7-二溴萘(189)(20.0g,0.07mol)的1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(60mL)溶液用N2净化10min。加入CuCN(7.52g,0.09mol)和吡啶(0.5mL),将混合物在180℃N2下加热1.5h。冷却至80℃后,加入FeCl3(40g)、水(200mL)和浓HCl(50mL),将混合物在80℃搅拌1h。将混合物冷却,加入盐水,将混合物用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。将有机萃取液用HCl水溶液(2N,x2)、水、10%NaOH水溶液、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/石油醚(1:1然后4:1)洗脱,得到7-溴-2-萘甲腈(190)(6.40g,39%),为奶油色粉末。使样品重结晶(石油醚),得到无色针晶:
mp126-128℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.13(s,1H),8.06(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.8,1.9Hz,1H),7.62(dd,J=8.4,1.5Hz,1H);13C NMRδ133.2,133.0,132.4,130.6,130.3,129.6,129.2,126.8,121.9,118.7,110.6.元素分析(C11H6BrN)C,H,N,Br.
将腈190(6.0g,26mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.58g,2.59mmol)、1,3-双(二苯膦基)丙烷(1.07g,2.59mmol)、MeOH(30mL)、三乙胺(12mL)和DMSO(30mL)置于Berghof反应器(HR-200)中,用CO(g)净化5min。然后用CO(g)向反应器施加压力(15bar),在70℃加热20h。冷却后加入EtOAc,混合物通过硅藻土/硅胶过滤。在减压下除去溶剂,残余物在CH2Cl2与盐水之间分配。将有机层干燥,蒸发,使残余物重结晶(MeOH),得到7-氰基-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(191)(5.15g,92%),,为无色固体:
mp136-136.5℃;lit.mp[Aust.J.Chem.,1965,18,1351]137-139℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.65(s,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.22(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.01(s,3H).
向191(4.95g,24mmol)的EtOH(100mL)与CH2Cl2(30mL)溶液滴加NaOH(1.36g,34mmol)的水(35mL)溶液,将混合物搅拌15h。加入水以溶解白色固体,混合物用CH2Cl2(x2)和EtOAc萃取。水性部分用HCl水溶液(2N)酸化(pH2),滤出所得沉淀,用水洗涤,在真空干燥器中干燥,得到 7-氰基-2-萘甲酸(192)(4.60g,99%),为无色粉末:
mp279-283℃;lit.mp[Aust.J.Chem.,1965,18,1351]286-288℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.25(brs,1H),8.81(s,1H),8.75(s,1H),8.20(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),8.15(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.92(dd,J=8.5,1.3Hz,1H).
将酸192(6.60g,23mmol)、叠氮化磷酸二苯酯(diphenylphosphorazidate)(7.71g,28mmol)与三乙胺(5.19g,51mmol)的t-BuOH(50mL)溶液在回流下加热6h。使混合物在EtOAc与盐水之间分配。将EtOAc层干燥,通过硅胶过滤。经过色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/石油醚/MeOH(25:24:1)洗脱,继之以重结晶(CH2Cl2/石油醚),得到7-氰基-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(193)(5.30g,85%),为无色针晶。使样品重结晶(EtOAc/正己烷):
mp126-128℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.13(s,1H),8.07(s,1H),7.82(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.51-7.48(m,2H),6.71(brs,1H),1.56(s,9H);13C NMRδ152.5,137.5,133.4,133.1,131.0,128.9,128.8,124.9,122.0,119.3,114.4,110.0,81.3,28.3.元素分析(C16H16N2O2)C,H,N.
在N2下,将193(1.90g,7.09mmol)、NBS(1.41g,7.20mmol)与K2CO3(1.11g,8.50mmol)在MeCN(20mL)中的混合物在60℃加热30min。在减压下除去溶剂,使残余物在CH2Cl2与水之间分配。将有机层用水(x2)、盐水洗涤,干燥。通过硅胶过滤,得到1-溴-7-氰基-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(194)(2.45g,100%),为无色粉末。样品重结晶(石油醚),得到无色针晶:
mp139-141℃;1H MR(CDCl3)δ8.58(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.56(dd,J=8.3,1.4Hz,1H),7.36(brs,1H),1.57(s,9H);13CNMRδ152.3,136.7,132.5,132.0,131.4,129.4,128.3,125.6,122.4,119.0,111.3,109.4,81.9,28.3.元素分析(C16H15BrN2O2)C,H,N,Br.
在0℃,向NaH(350mg,8.65mmol,60%油分散体)的DMF(20mL)悬液加入194(2.50g,7.21mmol)的DMF(20mL)溶液。加入1,3-二氯丙烯(1.60g,14mmol),使混合物历经2h升温至室温。在减压下除去DMF,使残余物 在CH2Cl2与水之间分配。将有机层用水(x2)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥。通过硅胶过滤,得到1-溴-7-氰基-2-萘基(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(195)(3.28g,100%),为淡黄色油;
1HNMR(CDCl3)(旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ8.73(s,1H),7.93-7.96(m,1H),7.83-7.87(m,1H),7.68-7.70(m,1H),7.39-7.46(m,1H),6.00-6.11(M,2H),4.49-4.62(m,1H),4.33-4.43(m,1H),1.33,1.32(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C19H18 79Br35ClN2O2(MH+)m/z421.0318,实测值421.0330.
将195(3.00g,7.13mmol)、Bu3SnH(2.49g,8.55mmo1)与AIBN(120mg,0.71mmol)在苯(20mL)中的混合物在回流下加热1.5h。在减压下除去苯,残余物用戊烷研制(x4),重结晶(MeOH),得到1-(氯甲基)-8-氰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(196)(2.24g,92%),为无色针晶:mp138-140℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.35(brs,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.90(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.5,1.5Hz,1H),4.30(brd,J=11.2Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=11.8,8.7Hz,1H),4.50(tt,J=9.3,3.0Hz,1H),3.87(dd,J=11.3,3.3Hz,1H),3.53(dd,J=11.2,9.6Hz,1H),1.61(s,9H);13C NMRδ152.3,142.9,131.2,130.2,130.0,128.9,128.2,124.2,123.3,119.2,118.8,110.5,81.8,52.8,46.2,41.5,28.4.元素分析(C19H19ClN2O2)C,H,N.
将196(30mg,0.088mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(3mL)中的溶液搅拌1h。蒸发溶剂,得到粗制胺盐酸盐(24mg,100%)。将该固体冷却至0℃,用浓H2SO4(2mL)处理。然后滴加冷却(0℃)的KNO3(9mg,0.088mmol)的浓H2SO4(0.5mL)溶液。15min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,小心地加入浓氨水,直至混合物的pH为3-4。然后小心地加入固体KHCO3,直至混合物的pH为8。使混合物在CH2Cl2与水之间分配,水层用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并有机萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥。在减压下除去CH2Cl2,残余物用MeOH研制,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并Ie]吲哚-8-甲腈(197)(18mg,72%),为红色晶体:mp231-234℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.54(dd,J=1.5,0.5Hz,1H),8.22(dd,J=9.0,0.4Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.59(dd,J=9.0,1.6Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),4.32-4.23(m,1H),3.95(dd,J=11.0,3.8Hz,1H),3.84(td,J=10.3,2.3Hz,1H),3.79-3.70(m,2H);13C NMRδ151.8,148.1,130.6,129.9,126.8,125.7,125.0,120.0,119.6,112.8,111.4,51.8,47.5,43.5.元素分析(C14H10ClN3O2)C,H,N.
将197·HCl(81mg,0.25mmol)的浓H2SO4(9mL)与水(1mL)溶液在60℃加热1h,然后倒入冷水中。小心地加入浓NH3水溶液,直至混合物的pH为3,继之以小心地加入固体KHCO3,直至混合物的pH为8。将混合物用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x3),合并有机萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH。浓缩溶剂直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到粗制1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺(198)(37mg,48%),为红色晶体:
mp>300℃;1H MR[(CD3)2SO]δ(两个H未观察到)8.32(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=9.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.53(brs,1H),4.26-4.18(M,1H),3.99(dd,J=10.9,3.8Hz,1H),3.83(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.77-3.69(m,2H).
1H NMR也显示有未鉴别的杂质存在(约10%),未被色谱除去。HRMS(CI)计算值C14H1235ClN3O3(M+)m/z305.0567,实测值305.0564。
将198(30mg,0.098mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液搅拌1h,然后蒸发,得到胺盐酸盐(34mg,0.098mmol,100%)。加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(34mg,0.098mmol)、EDCI(57mg,0.30mmol)和DMA(4mL),将混合物在N2气氛下搅拌15h。使混合物在EtOAc与冷(0℃)的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的EtOAe萃取(x3),合并萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,浓缩溶剂直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到粗制43(35mg,66%),为橙色粉末:HRMS(FAB)计算值C27H26 35ClN5O5(MH+)m/z536.1701,实测值536.1710。1H NMR分析显示该样品含有13%相应的外亚甲基化合物(3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1-亚甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺)。样品经过 HPLC纯化(Synergi MAX柱,CH3CN/H2O/TFA,pH2.5),得到43·TFA(38mg),为橙色粉末:
mp>320℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.71(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.60(brs,1H),9.21(s,1H),8.62(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.40(s,1H),8.14(dd,J=7.3,1.7Hz,1H),7.70(br s,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97(dd,J=10.8,9.5Hz,1H),4.72(dd,J=10.8,2.2Hz,1H),4.68-4.61(m,1H),4.33(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.21(dd,J=11.3,3.2Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.1,6.1Hz,1H),3.48(brs,2H),2.85(s,6H);13CNMRδ166.9,160.5,152.1,146.3,141.1,133.6,133.2,132.2,130.2,129.0,127.3,126.5,123.6,123.0,122.8,116.1,115.8,113.3,106.0,104.0,63.0,55.8,54.7,47.7,43.0,41.5.元素分析(C27H26ClN5O6·TFA·11/2H2O)C,H.
实施例43.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲腈(45)(流程K).
将腈197(160mg,0.56mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(15mL)中的溶液搅拌1h,然后在减压下除去二噁烷,得到粗制胺盐酸盐(180mg,0.56mmol,100%)。加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(190mg,0.67mmol)、EDCI(319mg,1.67mmol)和DMA(5mL),将混合物在N2气氛下搅拌4h。然后使混合物在CH2Cl2与冷(0℃)的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水层用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用水(x3)、盐水洗涤,干燥。蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH,在减压下浓缩溶剂,直至开始沉淀。滤出沉淀,用MeOH洗涤,得到45(256mg,89%),为橙色粉末:
mp>340℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.67(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.91(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.97(dd,J=9.1,1.5Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz1H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.95(dd,J=10.6,9.5Hz,1H),4.75-4.63(m,2H),4.19-4.09(m,2H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.67(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.25(s,6H);13C NMRδ160.5,152.9,146.2,142.1,133.0,131.9,130.5,129.6,128.5,127.9,127.3,124.9,122.8,118.2,117.3,116.4,113.2,111.0,106.2,103.1,65.9,57.6,54.7,47.9,45.3,41,2.元素分析(C27H24ClN5O4)C,H,N.
实施例44.1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(46)(流程L).
在N2下,将搅拌着的189(5.72g,20.0mmol)的THF(80mL)溶液在-78℃用n-BuLi(2.5M己烷溶液,8.40mL,21.0mmol)逐滴处理。将混合物在-78℃搅拌20min,然后用二甲基二硫醚(2.16mL,24mmol)缓慢处理,升温至室温。在减压下除去溶剂,得到残余物,用水振荡,所得固体从石油醚中结晶,得到2-溴-7-(甲硫基)萘(199)(4.14g,82%):
mp80-81℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.11(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=8.72,2.0Hz,1H),7.44(dd,J=8.6,2.0Hz,1H),2.58(s,3H).元素分析(C11H9BrS)C,H,S.
在N2下,将搅拌着的199(850mg,3.36mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液在-78℃用n-BuLi(2.5M己烷溶液,1.48mL,3.70mmol)处理。将混合物在-78℃搅拌15min,然后用过量CO2(g)处理,升温至室温。在减压下除去溶剂,使残余物在水与EtOAc之间分配。将水层酸化,使所得固体从MeOH中结晶,得到7-(甲硫基)-2-萘甲酸(200)(577mg,79%):
mp217℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]613.0(v br,1H),8.53(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),7.98-7.87(m,4H),7.53(dd,J=8.7,1.9Hz,1H),2.60(s,3H).元素分析(C12H10O2S)C,H.
将200(2.00g,9.16mmol)与NaBO3.4H2O(8.00g,52mmol)在AcOH(50mL)中的混合物在55℃搅拌2h,然后冷却,用水稀释。使所得固体从EtOAc中重结晶两次,得到7-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘甲酸(201)(2.02g,88%),为白色固体:
mp273-274℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.3(brs,1H),8.85(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),8.79(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.27(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.18(2s,2H),8.08(dd,J=8.7,1.9Hz,1H),3.25(D2O交换后,s,3H).元素分析(C12H10O4S)C,H.
将酸201(2.08g,8.31mmol)在含有粉状分子筛(1g)的无水 t-BuOH(30mL)中的悬液用三乙胺(1.39mL,9.97mmol)处理,在室温N2下搅拌30min。加入DPPA(1.97mL,9.14mmol),将混合物在回流下搅拌7h,然后在减压下浓缩至一半体积,倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中。所得固体经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,继之以从CH2Cl2/i-Pr2O中重结晶,得到7-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(202)(2.11g,79%),为白色固体:
mp179-180℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.76(s,1H),8.39(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=8.6,1.9Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=9.2,2.0Hz,1H),3.27(s,3H),1.52(s,9H).元素分析(C16H19NO4S)C,H,N.
将202(2.05g,6.38mmol)与NBS(1.31g,7.36mmol)在MeCN(40mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,该溶液用10%Na2SO3和水洗涤,干燥,在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,继之以从MeOH中重结晶,得到1-溴-7-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(203)(2.37g,93%),为白色固体:
mp166-167℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.99(s,1H),8.70(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=8.5,1.8Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.32(s,3H),1.50(s,9H).元素分析(C16H18BrNO4S)C,H,N.
将搅拌着的203(2.29g,5.72mmol)的无水DMF(20mL)溶液在0℃用NaH(275mg,60%油分散体,6.88mmol)逐份处理。将混合物升温至室温达30min,然后冷却至0℃,用1,3-二氯丙烯(1.66mL,18mmol,混合的异构体)处理。将混合物在室温搅拌另外6h,然后用10%NaCl水溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并有机层,用水洗涤(x2),干燥,在100℃减压下浓缩至干。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,得到粗制1-溴-7-(甲基磺酰基)-2-萘基(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(204)(2.63g,97%),为泡沫:
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO](旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ8.78(s,1H),8.32(dd,J=8.6,2.2Hz,1H),8.18,8.17(2d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.13-8.06(M,1H),7.75,7.70(2d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.44-6.29(m,1H),6.20-6.01(m,1H),4.58-4.48,4.43-4.22,4.16-4.05(3m,2H),3.35(s,3H),1.50,1.27(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C19H22 79Br35ClNO4S(MH+)m/z474.0141,实测值474.0143.
将204(1.60g,3.37mmol)的无水苯(30mL)溶液用Bu3SnH(0.91mL,3.38mmol)、继之以AIBN(0.1g,0.6mmol)处理。在N2下将混合物在回流下搅拌2h,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于EtOAc,该溶液用己烷稀释,冷冻。所得半固体经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(19:1)洗脱,产物用i-Pr2O/己烷研制,得到1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(205)(0.88g,66%),为无定形固体:
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.41(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.2(v br,1H),8.17(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),4.42-4.33(m,1H),4.21(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=11.6,2.9Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=11.2,3.4Hz,1H).3.89(dd,J=11.2,7.1Hz,1H),3.33(s,3H),1.55(s,9H).元素分析(C19H22ClNO4S·1/2i-Pr2O)C,H,N.
在0℃,向搅拌着的浓H2SO4(4mL)加入粉状205(350mg,0.88mmol),将混合物升温至室温达20min。将所得胺的溶液冷却至-5℃,用KNO3(98mg,0.97mmol)的浓H2SO4(1mL)溶液逐滴处理。将混合物在0℃搅拌另外5min,然后倒入冰/水中,用稀NH3水溶液中和。滤出所得固体,溶于CH2Cl2,将该溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,蒸发至干。从CH2Cl2/i-Pr2O继之以EtOAc中重结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(206)(207mg,69%),为红色固体:
mp193-194℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.34(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.31(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.76(dd,J=9.1,1.9Hz,1H),6.62(brs,1H),4.37-4.28(m,1H),3.93(dd,J=11.1,4.1Hz,1H),3.87(td,J=9.8,2.3Hz,1H),3.80-3.70(m,2H),3.33(s,3H).元素分析(C14H13ClN2O4S)C,H,N.
206的结构得到X-射线结晶学的确认,参见图1。
将5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(77mg,0.31mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(3mL)悬液用草酰氯(80μL,0.92mmol)、继之以DMF(10μL)处理。将混合物在室 温搅拌30min,然后在减压下蒸发至干,加入苯后再蒸发。将所得酰氯冷却至-5℃,用冰冷的胺206(70mg,0.21mmol)的无水吡啶(2mL)溶液处理,其中含有DMAP(5mg)。将混合物升温至室温达15min,然后倒入稀KHCO3水溶液中,收集所沉淀的固体,溶于CH2Cl2/EtOAc(8:1)。将溶液通过硅胶柱过滤,产物从CH2Cl2/EtOAc中重结晶,得到46(78mg,66%),为橙色固体:mp265℃;
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.61(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),9.26(s,1H),8.69(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.59(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=9.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.93(dd,J=10.7,9.4Hz,1H),4.78-4.70(m,1H),4.66(dd,J=10.9,2.1Hz,1H),4.16(dd,J=11.3,3.5Hz,1H),4.07(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.42(s,3H).元素分析(C26H24ClN3O8S)C,H,N.
实施例45.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(47)(流程L).
在N2下,将胺206(80mg,0.23mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]-吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(80mg,0.28mmol)、EDCI(180mg,0.94mmol)与无水TsOH(30mg,0.17mmol)在无水DMA(5mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌3h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集所沉淀的固体,在MeOH(10mL)悬液中搅拌15min,冷却至0℃,然后再收集得到粗制47。将47在MeOH/CH2Cl2中用HCl(g)/EtOAc/己烷处理,继之以从MeOH中结晶,得到47·HCl(71mg,50%),为黄色固体:
mp>300℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.82(s,1H),10.0(v br,1H),9.31(s,1H),8.70(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.60(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),8.14(dd,J=9.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.97(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),4.82-4.69(m,2H),4.35(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.18(dd,J=11.3,3.2Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.4,5.7Hz,1H),3.52(brs,2H),3.42(s,3H),2.87(s,6H).元素分析(C27H27ClN4O6S·HCl)C,H,N.
实施例46.1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H- 苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(48)(流程M).
在-78℃氮下,向189(1.00g,3.50mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液加入n-BuLi(1.50mL,3.50mmol,2.3M己烷溶液)。20min后向溶剂通入SO2(g),使所得混合物升温至室温,搅拌12h。蒸发THF,在0℃将所得固体悬浮在CH2Cl2(25mL)中,加入NCS(0.47g,3.50mmol)。1h后通过硅藻土过滤混合物,经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(95:5)洗脱,继之以重结晶(石油醚/Et2O),得到7-溴-2-萘磺酰氯(207)(1.86g,87%),为无色晶体:
mp100-101℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.51(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.21(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.01(dd,J=8.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=8.8,1.8Hz,1H).元素分析(C10H6BrClO2S)C,H.
将207(1.50g,4.92mmol)、二苄胺(1.45g,7.38mmol)与三乙胺(0.75g,7.38mmol)在THF(15mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌48h。在减压下蒸发溶剂,残余物用EtOAc萃取。将EtOAc萃取液用水、盐水洗涤,然后干燥,蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(95:5然后l:1)洗脱,得到N,N-二苄基-7-溴-2-萘磺酰胺(208)(2.11g,92%)。使样品从石油醚/EtOAc中重结晶,为无色晶体:
mp127-129℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.25(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.79(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.8,1.9Hz,1H),7.22-7.15(m,6H),7.09-7.04(m,4H),4.39(s,4H);13C NMRδ138.9,135.4,133.3,133.0,132.1,131.2,129.4,129.3,128.6,128.5,127.8,127.3,123.0,121.6,50.6.元素分析(C24H20BrNO2S·1/10Bm2NH)C,H,N.
将208(2.10g,4.51mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(101mg,0.45mmol)、1,3-双(二苯膦基)丙烷(186mg,0.45mmol)、MeOH(30mL)、三乙胺(10mL)与DMSO(5mL)的混合物置于压力容器中,用CO(g)净化5min。然后用CO(g)向反应器施加压力(50bar),在70℃加热12h。冷却后加入EtOAc,混合物通过硅藻土过滤。在减压下除去溶剂,使残余物在CH2Cl2与盐水之间分配。将CH2Cl2层干燥,蒸发,残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc/二氯甲烷(7:1:2)洗脱,得到7-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-2-萘甲酸甲基酯(209)(1.75g, 87%)。使样品从石油醚/EtOAc中重结晶,为无色晶体:mp141-142℃;
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.64(s,1H),8.45(s,1H),8.22dd,J=8.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.88(dd,J=8.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.22-7.15(m,6H),7.10-7.04(m,4H),4.40(s,4H),4.01(s,3H);13C NMR.δ166.5,138.7,136.6,135.4,132.0,131.5,129.6,129.2,129.1,128.6,128.5,128.2,128.1,127.8,124.8,52.5,50.6.元素分析(C26H23NO4S)C,H,N.
向209(1.90g,4.27mmol)的MeOH(10mL)与CH2Cl2(15mL)溶液滴加KOH(720mg,12.8mmol)的MeOH(5mL)与H2O(2mL)溶液。在室温48h后,加入CH2Cl2和H2O。分离水层,用2M HCl酸化至pH2。收集所得白色沉淀,溶于CH2Cl2,该溶液用H2O和盐水洗涤。干燥CH2Cl2层,蒸发溶剂,残余物在真空干燥器中干燥。从CH2Cl2/石油醚中重结晶,得到7-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-2-萘甲酸(210)(2.00g,99%),为无色晶体:
mp189-190℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ(CO2H未观察到)8.76(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.29dd,J=8.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.92(dd,J=8.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.23-7.15(m,6H),7.12-7.05(m,4H),5.29(s,1H),4.42(s,4H);13C NMRδ170.8,139.0,137.0,135.4,133.1,131.4,129.7,129.3,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.2,128.1,127.8,125.3,50.7.元素分析(C25H21NO4S)C,H,N.
将210(1.95g,4.52mmol)、DPPA(1.49g,5.43mmol)与三乙胺(1.01g,9.95mmol)的t-BuOH(40mL)溶液在回流下加热15h。在减压下除去溶剂,残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(4:1)洗脱,得到7-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(211)(1.37g,62%)。使样品从Et2O/石油醚中重结晶,为无色针晶:
mp139-140℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.51(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.68(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),7.57dd,J=8.8,2.1Hz,1H),7.22-7.12(m,,6H),7.08-7.01(m,4H),6.75(s,1H),4.37(s,4H),1.56(s,9H);13CNMRδ152.1,137.7,137.0,135.1,132.5,130.6,128.5,128.2,128.1,127.9,127.2,127.1,121.3,120.6,114.9,80.6,50.1,27.8.元素分析(C29H30N2O4S)C,H,N.
将211(1.15g,2.29mmol)、NBS(450mg,2.52mmol)与K2CO3(380mg,2.75mmol)在MeCN(25mL)中的混合物在40℃氮下搅拌30min。在减压下 除去溶剂,使残余物在EtOAc与H2O之间分配。将EtOAc层用H2O、盐水洗涤,然后干燥,蒸发。使残余物从EtOAc/Et2O/石油醚中重结晶,得到1-溴-7-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-2-萘基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(212),为无色晶体:
mp150-151℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.69(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.57(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.22-7.15(m,,6H),7.12-7.05(m,4H),4.40(s,4H),1.58(s,9H); 13C NMRδ152.4,139.6,136.5,135.5,132.0,131.5,129.7,128.6,128.5,128.1,127.7,126.8,122.1,121.8,110.4,81.8,50.6,28.3.元素分析(C29H29BrN2O4S)C,H,N.
在0℃,向212(1.3g,2.24mmol)的DMF(15mL)溶液加入NaH(107mg,2.69mmol,60%油分散体)。加入1,3-二氯丙烯(414mg,3.36mmol,混合的异构体),使混合物历经12h升温至室温。在减压下蒸发DMF,使残余物在EtOAc与H2O之间分配。将EtOAc层用H2O、盐水洗涤,然后干燥,蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(4:1)洗脱,得到1-溴-7-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-2-萘基(3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(213)(1.39g,95%),为黄色泡沫:
1H NMR(CDCl3)(旋转异构体和E和Z型的混合物)δ8.86(s,1H),7.97-7.91(m,1H),7.89-7.82(m,,2H),7.51-7.31,7.26-7.16(2m,7H),7.13-7.06(m,,4H),6.14-6.01(m,2H),4.64-4.48,4.02-3.90(2m,2H),4.43(s,4H),1.56,1.33(2s,9H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C32H32 79Br35ClN2O4S(MH+)655.1033,实测值655.1032.
将213(1.00g,1.53mmol)、Bu3SnH(550mg,1.83mmol)与AIBN(50mg,0.31mmol)在苯(25mL)中的混合物在回流下加热15min,然后在减压下浓缩。使残余物在EtOAc与H2O之间分配,将EtOAc层用H2O、盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(9:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-8-[(二苄氨基)磺酰基]-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-甲酸叔丁基酯(214)(850mg,97%)。使样品从Et2O/石油醚中重结晶,为无色针晶:
mp131-133℃;1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.30(brs,1H),8.29(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),7.23-7.15(m,6H),7.09-7.03(m,4H),4.41(s,4H),4.28(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.15(dd,J=11.6,9.0Hz,1H),4.02(tt,J=9.0,2.9Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=11.3,3.5Hz,1H),3.48(dd,J=11.2,9.3Hz,1H),1.61(s,9H);13CNMRδ152.4,142.7,138.9,135.5,131.3,130.5,129.8,128.9,128.50,128.46,127.7,124.3,122.4,120.3,118.4,81.8,52.7,50.5,46.4,41.4,28.4.元素分析(C32H33ClN2O4S)C,H,N.
将214(850mg,1.48mmol)在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌4h。在减压下蒸发二噁烷,在0℃将所得淡黄色固体溶于吡啶(10mL)。加入三氟乙酸酐(470mg,2.23mmol),将混合物在0℃搅拌30min,然后倒入冰水中,用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用1M HCl(x3)、H2O和盐水洗涤,然后干燥,蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(9:1)洗脱,得到N,N-二苄基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(215)(840mg,99%)。使样品从EtOAc/Et2O/石油醚中重结晶,为无色晶体:mp119-121℃;
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ8.60(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=8.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.23-7.16(m,6H),7.10-7.04(m,4H),4.65(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),4.48-4.37(m,5H),4.22-4.16(m,1H),3.78(dd,J=11.5,3.5Hz,1H),3.54(dd,J=11.5,8.5Hz,1H).元素分析(C29H24ClF3N2O3S)C,H,N.
将磺酰胺215(750mg,1.31mmol)冷却至0℃,在0℃溶于浓H2SO4(20mL),将溶液在该温度搅拌2h。加入冰水和EtOAc,将混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤(x3),干燥,蒸发,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(216)(490mg,96%)。使样品从CH2Cl2/EtOAc中重结晶,为黄色晶体:mp229-231℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.45(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.42(s,1H),8.21(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.87(dd,J=8.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.51(s,2H),4.65-4.57(m,1H),4.57-4.50(m,1H),4.44(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=11.3,3.1Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=11.3,5.9Hz,1H).元素分析(C15H12ClF3N2O3S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
在0℃,向216(450mg,1.15mmol)加入冰冷的浓H2SO4(14mL),同时 搅拌。然后在0℃滴加KNO3(128mg,1.26mmol)的浓H2SO4(1mL)溶液。15min后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,用H2O、盐水洗涤,干燥,在减压下蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用石油醚/EtOAc(3:2)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-7-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(218)(76mg,15%)。使样品从石油醚/EtOAc中重结晶,为黄色晶体:mp192-195℃;
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.79(s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.59(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.31(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.88(s,2H),4.66(dd,J=10.5,9.3Hz,1H),4.58-4.51(m,1H),4.47(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),4.19(dd,J=11.3,3.3Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.3,5.9Hz,1H).元素分析(C15H11ClF3N3O5S)C,H,N.
进一步洗脱得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(217)(383mg,77%)。使样品从石油醚/EtOAc中重结晶,为橙色晶体:
mp251-254℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.09(s,1H),8.58(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.57(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=9.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.66(s,2H),4.76-4.63(m,2H),4.52(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.22(dd,J=11.3,3.1Hz,1H),4.11dd,J=11.4,5.3Hz,1H).元素分析(C15H11ClF3N3O5S)C,H,N.
将217(50mg,0.114mmol)与CS2CO3(58mg,0.172mmol)在MeOH(2mL)、THF(2mL)与CH2Cl2(2mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌15min。加入水,将混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用H2O(x2)、盐水(x3)洗涤,然后干燥,在减压下蒸发。将所得红色固体在HCl(g)-饱和的二噁烷(5mL)中搅拌30min,然后在减压下蒸发。加入5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(34mg,0.137mmol)、EDCI(87mg,0.456mmol)和DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温氮下搅拌15h。使混合物在EtOAc与冰冷的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的EtOAc萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用H2O(x3)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥。加入Et2O,得到48的沉淀(43mg,66%),为红色粉末:
mp264-266℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.60(s,1H),9.21(s,1H),8.54(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),8.53(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=9.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.64(s,2H),7.19(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.94(dd,J=11.1,9.9Hz,1H),4.70-4.60(m,2H),4.17(dd,J=11.4,3.4Hz,1H),4.08(dd,J=11.4,5.8Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C25H23 35ClN4O8S(MH+)575.1003,实测值575.0989元素分析(C25H23ClN4O8S·1/2EtOAc)C,H,N.
实施例47.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(49)(流程M).
将217(50mg,0.114mmol)与Cs2CO3(58mg,0.172mmol)在MeOH(2mL)、THF(2mL)与CH2Cl2(2mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌15min。加入水,将混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用水(x2)、盐水(x3)洗涤,然后干燥,在减压下蒸发。将所得红色固体在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(5mL)中搅拌30min,然后在减压下蒸发。加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(39mg,0.137mmol)、EDCI(87mg,0.456mmol)和DMA(3mL),将混合物在室温氮下搅拌15h。使混合物在CH2Cl2与冰冷的5%KHCO3水溶液之间分配。水性部分用冷的CH2Cl2萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用H2O(x3)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥。加入Et2O,得到49的沉淀(43mg,66%),为橙色粉末:mp260-265℃(分解);
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.71(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.26(s,1H),8.55(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.53(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.04dd,J=9.3,1.7Hz,1H),7.64(s,2H),7.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.19dd,J=10.2,1.7Hz,2H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.98(dd,J=10.1,9.6Hz,1H),4.72(dd,J=11.0,2.4Hz,1H),4.71-4.63(m,1H),4.18(dd,J=11.5,3.4Hz,1H),4.10dd,J=11.4,5.9Hz,1H),4.08(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.66(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C26H26 35ClN5O6S(MH+)m/z572.1371,实测值572.1362.元素分析(C26H26ClN5O6S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例48.1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(50)(流程M).
在0℃,向218(30mg,0.069mmol)加入冰冷的H2SO4(98%,5mL),同时搅拌。然后滴加冰冷的KNO3(9mg,0.089mmol)的H2SO4(98%,1mL)溶液。1h后,将混合物倒入冰水中,用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并EtOAc萃取液,用H2O、盐水洗涤,干燥。经过色谱处理,用石油醚/EtOAc(1:1)洗脱,得到1-(氯甲基)-5,7-二硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺(219)(7mg,21%),为橙色粉末:
mp201-204℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ9.49(s,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.71(s,1H),5.67(s,2H),4.73(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.62(dd,J=11.3,8.8Hz,1H),4.52-4.45(m,1H),3.97(dd,J=11.8,3.5Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=11.8,6.3Hz,1H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C15H11 35ClF3N4O7S(MH+)m/z482.9989,实测值482.9988.
将219(10mg,0.021mmol)与Cs2CO3(21mg,0.062mmol)的MeOH(2mL)与CH2Cl2(2mL)溶液搅拌15min。加入水,将混合物用EtOAc萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,用水、盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。将所得红色固体在HCl(g)饱和的二噁烷(3mL)中搅拌30min。在减压下除去二噁烷。加入5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(7mg,0.025mmol)、TsOH(1mg)与EDCI(16mg,0.082mmol)的DMA(1mL)溶液,将混合物在N2下搅拌56h。然后使混合物在EtOAc与冰冷的KHCO3水溶液(5%)之间分配。水性部分用冷的EtOAc萃取(x4),合并萃取液,用水(x3)、盐水(x2)洗涤,干燥,得到50(含有20%消去产物),为橙色粉末(3mg,25%):
1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.78(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),9.44(s,1H),9.02(s,1H),8.75(s,1H),8.02(s,2H),7.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.03(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),4.75(dd,J=10.9,2.5Hz,1H),4.70-4.63(m,1H),4.19(dd,J=11.5,3.5Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=11.4,5.9Hz,1H),4.08(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.68(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.25(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C26H26 35ClN6O8S(MH+)m/z617.1221,实测值617.1219.
实施例49.7-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(10)(流程N).
将搅拌着的153(400mg,1.30mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液用TFAA(0.74mL,5.24mmol)处理,在20℃搅拌30min。在减压下浓缩,留下残余 物,用水振荡,收集所得固体,从EtOAc/i-Pr2O中结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸(220)(484mg,92%),为黄褐色固体:
mp246-247℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ13.3(br s,1H),9.06(s,1H),9.02(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),8.37(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=8.8,1.5Hz,1H),4.72-4.62(m,2H),4.56-4.48(m,1H),4.20(dd,J=11.2,2.6Hz,1H),4.17-4.09(m,1H).元素分析(C16H10ClF3N2O5)C,H,N.
将220(410mg,1.02mmol)在含有DMF(1滴)的CH2Cl2(15mL)中的悬液用草酰氯(0.27mL,3.10mmol)处理,在室温搅拌30min。在减压下蒸发混合物,与苯无水共沸。将所得酰氯溶于丙酮(5mL),在0℃用NaN3(300mg,4.6mmol)的水(1mL)溶液处理。将混合物在室温振荡1min,收集沉淀,干燥,在回流的甲苯(15mL)中搅拌1.5h。加入t-BuOH(1.0mL,10mmol)后,将混合物在回流下加热5min,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2洗脱,继之以从CH2Cl2/己烷中结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(三氟乙酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(221)(347mg,72%),为橙色固体:
mp219-220℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.93(s,1H),8.94(s,1H),8.71(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=9.2,2.0Hz,1H),4.65-4.42(m,3H),4.17(dd,J=11.3,2.8Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=11.3,5.2Hz,1H),1.52(s,9H).元素分析(C20H19ClF3N3O5)C,H,N.
将221(218mg,0.46mmol)的二噁烷(5mL)悬液在室温用Cs2CO3(0.33g,1.0mmol)的水(1mL)与MeOH(9mL)溶液处理。将混合物在室温搅拌5min,然后用AcOH(0.15mL)处理,用水稀释。收集沉淀,从CH2Cl2/己烷中结晶,得到1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(222)(164mg,94%),为红色固体:mp162-163℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ9.57(s,1H),8.46(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.65-7.57(m,2H),6.09(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.19-4.10(m,1H),3.88(dd,J=10.9,3.7Hz,1H),3.81-3.63(m,3H),1.50(s,9H).元素分析(C18H20ClN3O4)C,H,N.
将222(75mg,0.20mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐 (73mg,0.26mmol)、EDCI(152mg,0.79mmol)与TsOH(5mg,0.03mmol)在DMA(1.5mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌1h,然后倒入稀NH3水溶液中。收集沉淀,用水洗涤,溶于CH2Cl2(250mL)。将溶液干燥,过滤,在减压下浓缩至小体积,然后用i-Pr2O稀释,得到1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(223)(91mg,75%),为黄色固体:
mp(THF/CH2Cl2/己烷)>250℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.67(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.85(s,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.69(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.79(dd,J=9.2,2.0Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.15(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.93(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.90(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.67(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.58-4.51(m,1H),4.16-4.03(m,4H),2.66(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H),1.53(s,9H).元素分析(C31H34ClN5O6)C,H,N.
将223(72mg,0.12mmol)的TFA(3mL)悬液在室温搅拌30min,在低于30℃的减压下蒸发所得溶液至干。在室温将残余物在稀NH3水溶液中搅拌30min,收集所得碱,用水洗涤,干燥。将其溶于DMF(0.2mL),该溶液用过量CH2Cl2稀释,过滤澄清,然后冷冻,得到10(54mg,90%),为红色固体:
mp>300℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.62(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),9.09(s,1H),7.93(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.21-7.13(m,2H),7.11(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.93(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.12(s,2H),4.83(dd,J=10.8,9.4Hz,1H),4.62dd,J=11.0,2.2Hz,1H),4.50-4.42(m,1H),4.13-3.97(m,4H),2.66(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C26H26ClN5O4·1 1/2H2O)C,H.
实施例50.二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯(34)(流程O).
向N-2-羟基乙基氨基甲酸苄基酯(224)(1.07g,5.48mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液加入四唑(3wt%CH3CN溶液,32mL,11.0mmol)和二叔丁基N,N-二异丙基亚氨基磷酸酯(di-tert-butylN,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite)(95%,2.73mL,8.2mmol),将混合物在室 温搅拌16h。将混合物冷却至0℃,加入H2O2(70%水溶液,1.0mL,24mmol)。15min后除去冷却浴,将混合物搅拌另外6h,然后加入Na2SO3水溶液(10%,50mL),同时水浴冷却。25min后在减压下除去有机溶剂,水性残余物用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:1)洗脱,得到2-{[二(叔丁氧基)磷酰基]氧基}乙基氨基甲酸苄基酯(225)(1.36g,64%),为无色的油:
1HNMR[CDCl3]δ7.37-7.28(m,5H),5.43(brs,1H),5.11(s,2H),4.07-4.00(m,2H),3.46(q,J=5.1Hz,2H),1.47(s,18H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C18H31NO6P(MH+)m/z388.1889,实测值388.1889.
将225(1.17g,3.02mmol)在含有Pd/C(5%,0.21g)的MeOH(30mL)中的溶液在50psi下氢化2.5h。将混合物通过硅藻土过滤,用MeOH洗涤,蒸发滤液。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,再次过滤溶液,然后蒸发,得到磷酸2-氨基乙基二(叔丁基)酯(226)(604mg,79%),为无色的油:
1H NMR[CDCl3]δ4.01-3.94(m,2H),2.96-2.90(m,2H),1.58(brs,2H),1.49(s,18H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C10H25NO4P(MH+)m/z254.1521,实测值254.1519.
在0℃,向116(306mg,0.67mmol)的THF(8mL)溶液加入胺226(203mg,0.80mmol)与三乙胺(0.11mL,0.80mmol)的THF(2mL)溶液。5min后除去冷却浴,10min后加入Cs2CO3(0.44g,1.3mmol)和MeOH(4mL)。另外25min后,将混合物用水稀释,用CH2Cl2萃取(x3)。合并萃取液,干燥,蒸发,残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:1然后2:1)洗脱,得到磷酸二(叔丁基)2-({[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基)乙基酯(227)(351mg,91%),为红色-橙色泡沫:
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.59(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.95(brs,1H),7.79(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.77(s,1H),6.74(s,1H),4.28-4.20(m,1H),3.95-3.86(m,2H),3.83-3.72(m,4H),2.99(t,,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.35(s,18H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C23H33 35ClN3O8PS(M+)m/z577.1415,实测值577.1412.
将227(77mg,0.13mmol)、5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-甲酸(44mg,0.17mmol)、EDCI(102mg,0.52mmol)与TsOH(5mg,0.03mmol)在DMA (1.5mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌2h。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,混合物用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤(x2),干燥,使溶液蒸发到二氧化硅上。经过色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(3:2、然后4:1、然后单独的EtOAc)洗脱,得到磷酸二(叔丁基)2-[({1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基}磺酰基)氨基]乙基酯(228)(71mg,66%),为黄色固体。将样品用CH2Cl2研制:
mp231-236℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.60(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.24(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.15(brs,1H),8.01(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),4.96-4.90(m,1H),4.68-4.59(m,2H),4.18-4.07(m,2H),3.95(s,3H),3.87-3.82(m,2H),3.84(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.10-3.04(m,2H),1.36(s,18H).元素分析(C35H44ClN4O12PS)C,H,N.
向228(60mg,0.074mmol)的CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液加入TFA(0.06mL,0.7mmol),将溶液在室温放置16h。蒸发混合物,将残余物再溶于CH2Cl2,再次蒸发,将残余物用EtOAc/MeOH研制,得到34(45mg,87%),为黄色固体:
mp228-2#3℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.60(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.24(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.17(brs,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),4.96-4.89(m,1H),4.68-4.58(m,2H),4.17-4.06(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.82-3.78(m,2H),3.04(brs,2H).元素分析(C27H28ClN4O12PS)C,H,N.
实施例51.二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯三氟乙酸盐(36)(流程O).
将227(351mg,0.61mmol)、5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-甲酸盐酸盐(225mg,0.79mmol)、EDCI(466mg,2.4mmol)与TsOH(21mg,0.12mmol)在DMA(3mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌3.5h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,滤出所得沉淀,用NaHCO3水溶液和水洗涤,干燥。用 丙酮研制,得到磷酸二(叔丁基)2-({[1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基)乙基酯(229)(433mg,88%),为黄色固体:
mp220-225℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.73(s,1H),9.30(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.16(brs,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.96(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.00-4.94(m,1H),4.73(dd,J=11.0,2.4Hz,1H),4.68-4.62(m,1H),4.19-4.11(m,2H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.87-3.80(m,2H),3.08-3.03(m,2H),2.66(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H),1.36(s,18H).元素分析(C36H47ClN5O10PS·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
向229(433mg,0.54mmol)的CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液加入TFA(0.41mL,5.4mmol),将溶液在室温搅拌16h。蒸发混合物,将残余物再溶于二氯甲烷,再次蒸发,将残余物用EtOAc研制,得到36(417mg,96%),为黄色固体:
mp171-174℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.77(s,1H),9.25(s,1H),8.85(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.45(v br s,1H),8.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.24-7.19(m,2H),6.93(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.98-4.90(m,1H),4.77-4.66(m,1H),4.64-4.56(m,1H),4.30(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.17-4.06(m,2H),3.85-3.76(m,2H),3.55-3.50(m,2H),3.07-3.03(m,2H),2.83(s,6H).元素分析(C28H31ClN5O10PS·TFA)C,H,N.
实施例52.二氢磷酸2-({2-[7-(氨基磺酰基)-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3J3-苯并[e]吲哚-3-羰基]吲哚-5-基}氧基)乙基酯(29)(流程P).
将5-(2-羟基乙基)吲哚-2-甲酸乙基酯(230)(1.22g,4.9mmol)与氧化二丁基锡(0.12g,0.49mmol)在苄醇(12mL)中的混合物在110℃加热20h。蒸发苄醇,残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:2)洗脱,得到5-(2-羟基乙基)吲哚-2-甲酸苄基酯(231)(1.34g,88%),为白色固体:mp(PhH)107-108℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.74(s,1H),7.51-7.47(m,2H),7.44-7.33(m,4H),7.12-7.09(m,2H),6.94(dd,J=9.0,2.4Hz,1H),5.37(s,2H),4.81(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.97(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),3.73(q,J=5.2Hz,2H).元素分析(C18H17NO4·1/4PhH)C,H,N.
向231(432mg,1.73mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液加入四唑(3wt%CH3CN溶液,10.2mL,3,5mmol)和N,N-二异丙基亚氨基磷酸二-叔丁基酯(95%,0.86mL,2.6mmol),将混合物在室温搅拌17h。将混合物冷却至0℃,加入H2O2(35%水溶液,0.63mL,7.6mmol)。15min后除去冷却浴,将混合物搅拌另外50min,然后加入Na2SO3水溶液(10%,20mL)。15min后在减压下除去有机溶剂,将水性残余物用EtOAc萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/石油醚(1:1)洗脱,得到粗制5-(2-{[二(叔丁氧基)磷酰基]氧基}乙氧基)吲哚-2-甲酸苄基酯(630mg)。将该产物溶于MeOH(20mL),在50psi下经过Pd/C(5%,170mg)氢化2h。通过硅藻土过滤混合物,蒸发滤液。将残余物溶于EtOAc,该溶液用NaHCO3水溶液萃取(x2)。合并萃取液,冷却至0℃,用冰冷的HCl水溶液(1N)酸化。滤出所沉淀的固体,干燥,用EtOAc研制,得到5-(2-{[二(叔丁氧基)磷酰基]氧基}乙氧基)吲哚-2-甲酸(232)(278mg,49%基于231),为白色固体:mp197-201℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ12.5(v br s,1H),11.59(s,1H),7.34(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.98(dd,J=2.1,0.7Hz,1H),6.90(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.20-4.12(m,4H),1.42(s,18H).元素分析(C19H28NO7P)C,H,N.
将117(145mg,0.42mmol)、232(210mg,0.50mmol)、EDCI(325mg,1.7mmol)与TsOH(15mg,0.08mmol)在DMA(2.5mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌2.5h,然后冷却至0℃。加入冰冷的NaHCO3水溶液,将混合物用EtOAc萃取(x4)。合并萃取液,用NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,然后干燥。使EtOAc溶液蒸发到二氧化硅上。经过色谱处理,用EtOAc洗脱,继之以用EtOAc研制,得到磷酸2-[(2-{[7-(氨基磺酰基)-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-羰基]-1H-吲哚-5-基}氧基)乙基二(叔丁基)酯(233)(247mg,79%),为黄色粉末:
mp133℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.76(d,J=2Hz,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.08(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.62(s,2H),7.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.02-4.94(m,1H),4.73(dd,J=10.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.69-4.63(m,1H),4.24-4.11(m,6H),1.44(s,18H).元素分析(C32H38ClN4O10PS·DMA)C,H,N.
向233(218mg,0.30mmol)的CH2Cl2(35mL)溶液加入TFA(0.23mL,3.0mmol),将混合物在室温搅拌24h。蒸发混合物,将残余物再溶于二氯甲烷,再次蒸发,将残余物用EtOAc研制,得到29(161mg,87%),为黄色粉末:
mp207-211℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.75(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.29(s,1H),8.87(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.07(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.63(s,2H),7.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.99(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),5.01-4.95(m,1H),4.73(dd,J=10.9,2.5Hz,1H),4.69-4.63(m,1H),4.20-4.11(m,6H).元素分析(C24H22ClN4O10PS·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例53.7-乙酰基-5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(53)(流程Q).
将12(24mg,0.045mmol)在含有PtO2(25mg)的THF(15mL)中的溶液在50psi下氢化20min。通过硅藻土过滤混合物,在减压下蒸发滤液。残余物经过色谱纯化,用EtOAc/MeOH(4:1)洗脱,将粗产物用EtOAc研制,得到53(7mg,31%),为黄色固体:
mp220-224℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.56(s,1H),8.78(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.88(dd,J=8.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.38(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.92(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.43(s,2H),4.75(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),4.51(dd,J=10.9,1.9Hz,1H),4.19-4.13(m,1H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.97(dd,J=10.9,3.1Hz,1H),3.81-3.75(m,1H),2.68(s,3H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C28H30 35ClN4O3(MH+)m/z505.2006,实测值505.199.
实施例54.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯(54)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物14(为游离碱)(50psi,45min),得到54(82%),为黄色固体:
mp225-230℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.80(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=8.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.34(s,2H),4.75(dd,J=10.8,8.9Hz,1H),4.52(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.18-4.11(m,1H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.98(dd,J=11.0,3.1Hz,1H),3.90(s,3H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,7.9Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.23(s,6H).元素分析(C28H29ClN4O4)C,H,N.
实施例55.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺(55)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物16(为游离碱)(50psi,45min),得到55(70%),为绿色固体:mp232-236℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.55(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.66(s,1H),7.90(dd,J=8.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.83(brs,1H),7.78(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.39(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.32(brs,1H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.11(s,2H),4.75(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),4.51(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.18-4.12(m,11H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.98(dd,J=10.9,3.1Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,7.9Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C27H28C]N5O3·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例56.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈(56)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物22(为游离碱)(50psi,60min),得到56(48%),为黄色固体:mp250-255℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.89(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.80(s1H),7.64(dd,J=8.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.40(s,2H),4.75(dd,J=10.7,9.1Hz,1H),4.52(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.20-4.14(m,1H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.96(dd,J=11.0,3.1Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=11.0,7.6Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C27H27 35ClN5O2(MH+)m/z488.1853,实测值488.1847.
实施例57.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(57)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物23(45psi,90min),得到57(42%),为黄色固体:
mp266-268℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.42(s,1H),8.69(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=8.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.08(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.40(s,2H),4.71(dd,J=10.9,9.0Hz,1H),4.44(dd,J=11.0,1.8Hz,1H),4.18-4.11(m,1H),3.97(dd,J=11.0,3.2Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),3.80(s,3H),3.78(dd,J=11.0,7.6Hz,1H),3.25(s,3H).元素分析(C26H26ClN3O6S)C,H,N.
实施例58.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(58)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物24(为游离碱)(45psi,60min),得到58(81%),为黄色固体:
mp(ipr2O/THF)280-285℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(s,1H),8.70(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.85-7.79(m,2H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.93(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.40(s,2H),4.77(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.24-4.16(m,1H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.99(dd,J=11.0,3.0Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=11.0,7.5Hz,1H),3.26(s,3H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C27H29ClN4O4S)C,H,N,Cl.
实施例59.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(59)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物25(50psi,60min),得到59(65%),为黄色粉末:
mp240-245℃(分解);1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.40(s,1H),8.55(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.24(s,2H),7.06(s,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.21(s,2H),4.70(dd,J=10.9,9.0Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=11.0,1.8Hz,1H),4.16-4.09(m,1H),3.98(dd,J=11.0,3.1Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),3.80(s,3H),3.76(dd,J=11.0,7.9Hz,1H).元素分析(C25H25ClN4O6S)C,H,N.
实施例60.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(60)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物26(为游离碱)(50psi,60min),得到60(43%),为黄色固体:mp260-266℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.56(s,1H),8.56(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.24(s,2H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.08(s,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.22(s,2H),4.77(dd,J=10.8,9.1Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.22-4.14(m,1H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.99(dd,J=11.0,3.0Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=10.9,7.7Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).HRMS(FAB)计算值C26H29 35ClN5O4S(MH+)m/z542.1629,实测值542.1625.
实施例61.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(61)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物32(为游离碱)(50psi,35min),得到61(83%),为黄色固体:mp260-265℃(分解);
1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(s,1H),8.53(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.94(d.J=8.9Hz,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.34-7.29(m,1H),7.16(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),6.92(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.31(s,2H),4.76(dd,J=10.8,9.1Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=10.8,1.8Hz,1H),4.21-4.15(m,1H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),4.00(dd,J=11.0,3.0Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=11.0,7.7Hz,1H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.45(brd,J=4.2Hz,3H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C27H30C1N5O4S·1/2H2O·1/2EtOAc)C,H,N.
实施例62.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺(62)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物35(50psi,30min),得到62(74%),为黄色固体:
mp225-230℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.57(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.73(dd,J=8.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.30(s,2H),4.76(dd,J=10.8,9.0Hz,1H),4.65(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=10.9,1.8Hz,1H),4.22-4.13(m,1H),4.07(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),4.00(dd,J=11.0,3.1Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=11.0,7.7Hz,1H),3.39(q,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.84(q,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H).元素分析(C28H32ClN5O5S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例63.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(63)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物46(45psi,90min),得到63(84%),为黄色固体:
mp(ipr2O/THF)165-170℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.41(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.96(s,1H),6.26(s,2H),4.71(dd,J=10.9,8.8Hz,1H),4.45(dd,J=11.0,1.6Hz,1H),4.24-4.17(m,1H),4.00(dd,J=11.0,3.3Hz,1H),3.95(s,3H),3.83(s,3H),3.81(s,3H),3.74(dd,J=11.0,7.9Hz,1H),3.32(s,3H).元素分析(C26H26ClN3O6S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
实施例64.5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(64)(流程Q).
如实施例53所述氢化化合物47(为游离碱)(50psi,60min),得到64,为淡黄色固体:
mp(i-Pr2O/THF)235-240℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ11.56(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.67(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.92(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.26(s,2H),4.76(dd,J=10.8,8.9Hz,1H),4.55(dd,J=10.9,1.6Hz,1H),4.28-4.21(m,1H),4.06(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),4.01(dd,J=11.0,3.3Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=11.1,7.8Hz,1H),3.32(s,3H),2.65(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.23(s,6H).元素分析(C27H29ClN4O4S·1/2H2O)C,H,N.
表3:所选择的表1化合物的活性
下表显示一类本发明式I化合物对低氧细胞有选择性毒性,事实上在增殖IC50测定法中所有它们都对一种或两种细胞系(SKO V3和HT29)显示一定的低氧选择性(HCR≥3),有些具有>200倍的选择性。在克隆发生测定法中评价的所选择的化合物也显示实质性低氧选择性。一般而言,最有选择性的化合物是携带7-SO2NHR或7-CONHR取代基的那些。这些化合物的这种活性与高效力一起提示了它们具有作为低氧-选择性细胞毒素的实用性。该表格也显示式I化合物比已知化合物R1和R2有更强的低氧细胞选择性毒性,所述已知化合物中硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚结构没有携带6-9位取代基。这些参照化合物在该测定法中都表现HCR≤3。
表3.脚注
aW、X、Y、z如表1关于式I化合物所定义
bE(1):单电子还原电位,由脉冲辐解所测定
cIC50:在需氧条件下暴露4h后,在相同96孔平板上相对于对照而言减少细胞数量达50%的药物浓度
dC10:在需氧条件下暴露4h后,减少HT29克隆原数量至对照10%的药物浓度
eSKOV3:人卵巢癌细胞系
fHT29:人结肠癌细胞系
gHCR:低氧细胞毒性比=IC50(需氧)/IC50(低氧)
hHCR:低氧细胞毒性比=C10(需氧)/C10(低氧)
i参照化合物R1和R2(Denny等人,PCT Int.Appl.WO98/11101A2,1998),结构如下所示:
表4:表2化合物的活性
下表显示一类本发明式II化合物是有力的细胞毒素,在两种细胞增殖测定法中IC50都在低纳摩尔范围内。该表格也显示没有式II化合物对低氧细胞具有显著选择性毒性(所有化合物的HCR≤3)。
表4脚注
aW、X、Y、z如表2关于式II化合物所定义
bIC50:在需氧条件下暴露4h后,减少细胞数量达50%的药物浓度
cSKOV3:人卵巢癌细胞系
dHT29:人结肠癌细胞系
eHCR:低氧细胞毒性比=IC50(需氧)/IC50(低氧)
图1和表5:式I化合物的低氧代谢
利用来自在CD-1小鼠中作为异种移植物生长的HT29肿瘤的S9制备物研究式I化合物的代谢。下图显示在有氧或低氧条件下,在37℃磷酸盐缓冲液(67mM,pH7.4,含有1mM NADPH)中,10μM化合物26与S9(12mg/mL蛋白质)温育2h的HPLC色谱图的代表性实例。该图显示,与可信标准比较所鉴定的化合物60是低氧代谢的主要产物。在有氧条件下检测不到60。
表5:下表显示从式I化合物生成式II化合物的速率,其中在低氧条件下,在37℃磷酸盐缓冲液(67mM,pH7.4,含有1mM NADPH)中,10μM式I化合物与肿瘤S9(12mg/mL蛋白质)温育2h。该表格显示低氧肿瘤能够代谢式I化合物为式II化合物,而且式II化合物的生成速率似乎依赖于X取代基的属性。
表5脚注
a式I化合物(或者表3中的化合物R2)
bX取代基,如表1所定义
cHCR:HT29细胞系的低氧细胞毒性比,如表3所定义
d式II化合物(或者所示结构的化合物R3),由低氧代谢所产生。通过与可信标准比较而确认。
e式II化合物的生成速率
图2和表6:磷酸酯36在小鼠中的药动学性质
下图显示化合物36作为高度水溶性式I磷酸酯的代表性实例,在以完全耐受的剂量(42.1μmol/kg;静脉内给药后的最大耐受剂量为100μmol/kg)对CD-1小鼠(nu/+杂合体)静脉内给药后被水解为相应的醇(在本例中为35)。化合物36被配制成在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中的注射液,其中含有2当量NaHCO3,pH7.5(在这种介质中的溶解限为25mM)。用甲醇沉淀出蛋白质后,利用LC/MS/MS(三重四极质谱仪)测定血浆中的化合物。
化合物36在CD-1裸鼠中的血浆药动学
下表显示36和35的非室血浆药动学参数。数据显示,从36衍生的 35表现可取的药动学性质,具有适中长短的末端半衰期(43min)和大约700μM.min的AUC。后者AUC值大于体外杀死低氧肿瘤细胞所需AUC值(例如从表3中35的克隆生成测定数据估计在低氧条件下杀死90%HT29细胞的AUC为371μM.min)。
表6:36和其代谢产物35的血浆药动学参数
表6脚注
a衍生的药动学参数:AUC:浓度-时间曲线下面积;T1/2:末端半衰期;Vd:基于末期的分布体积;Cl:廓清率
b数值为每组3只小鼠
附录:表1和表2新化合物的燃烧分析
中间体的燃烧分析
下列化合物可从文献获知:101、104、133、139、146、156、166、167、 191、192、224、230。
在前述说明中提到过具有其已知等价形式的试剂或者整数,这些等价形式引用在此,如同分别阐述一样。
尽管已经参照某些实施方式和实施例描述了本发明,不过可以领会到的是可以对所提供的实施方式和实施例进行进一步的调整和改变,而不背离本发明的范围。
Claims (31)
1.式I化合物,
其中Y和W各自为H,且X选自H、NR1 2、COR1、SO2R1、SO2NR1 2、SO2NR1OR1、SO2NR1NR1 2、SO2NHCOR1、CO2R1、CONR1 2、CN、NO2,其中X位于任意一个可用的位置6-9,其中每个R1独立地代表H或C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被P(O)(OH)2基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代,其中Z选自下列结构(Ia和Ic)
其中E为-CH=,G为NH,Q独立地选自一至三个OR2,其中每个R2独立地代表H、C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被P(O)(OH)2基团取代,每个氨基可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代;CYC为5-或6-元碳环,
和其生理功能性盐,
其条件是当W代表H时,X和Y不均代表H。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所要求保护的式I化合物,选自:
1-(氯甲基)-5,6-二硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,6-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
6-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
7-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-[(2E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-[5-(2-羟基乙氧基)吲哚-2-羰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-5,7-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5,9-二硝基-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,9-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-3-[(E)-4-甲氧基肉桂酰基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
8-乙酰基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酸甲基酯;
1-(氯甲基)-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲腈;
1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺;
7-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;和
1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-N-丙酰基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺。
4.如权利要求1所要求保护的式I化合物,其中至少X或Q之一被P(O)(OH)2基团取代。
5.如权利要求4所要求保护的式I化合物,选自:
二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯;
二氢磷酸2-({2-[7-(氨基磺酰基)-1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-羰基]吲哚-5-基}氧基)乙基酯。
6.式II化合物,
其中Y和W各自为H,且X选自H、NR1 2、COR1、SO2R1、SO2NR1 2、SO2NR1OR1、SO2NR1NR1 2、SO2NHCOR1、CO2R1、CONR1 2、CN、NO2,其中X位于任意一个可用的位置6-9,其中每个R1独立地代表H或C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被P(O)(OH)2基团取代,每个氨基进一步可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代,其中Z选自下列结构(Ia和Ic)
其中E为-CH=,G为NH,Q独立地选自一至三个OR2,其中每个R2独立地代表H、C1-4烷基,可选地被一个或多个羟基或氨基取代,每个羟基进一步可选地被P(O)(OH)2基团取代,每个氨基可选地被一个或两个C1-4烷基取代;CYC为5-或6-元碳环,
和其生理功能性盐,
其条件是当W代表H时,X和Y不均代表H。
7.如权利要求6所要求保护的式II化合物,其中Z选自:
8.如权利要求6或权利要求7所要求保护的式II化合物,选自7-乙酰基-5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酸甲基酯;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲腈;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-7-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-7-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-甲基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺;
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-8-(甲基磺酰基)-3-(5,6,7-三甲氧基吲哚-2-羰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚;和
5-氨基-1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-8-(甲基磺酰基)-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚。
9.如权利要求1所要求保护的式I化合物在制备用于治疗受治疗者的癌症的药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求9所要求保护的用途,其中的药物用于治疗处于低氧环境中的肿瘤细胞。
11.如权利要求10所要求保护的用途,其中该肿瘤细胞是白血病细胞,实体癌细胞。
12.如权利要求11所要求保护的用途,其中的实体癌细胞为乳腺、肠和肺肿瘤细胞。
13.如权利要求11所要求保护的用途,其中的实体癌细胞为小细胞性肺肿瘤细胞。
14.如权利要求9至13任一项所要求保护的用途,其中所述药物用于与放射疗法联合,所述放射疗法在式I化合物给药之前、期间或之后施用于受治疗者。
15.如权利要求9至13任一项所要求保护的用途,其中所述药物用于与一种或多种化学治疗剂联合,所述化学治疗剂在给予式I化合物之前、期间或之后施用于该受治疗者。
16.如权利要求15所要求保护的用途,其中一种或多种化学治疗剂选自顺铂或其他铂类衍生物;替莫唑胺;环磷酰胺或其他DNA烷基化剂;阿霉素、米托蒽醌、喜树碱或其他拓扑异构酶抑制剂;甲氨蝶呤、吉西他滨或其他抗代谢物;紫杉醇、多西他赛或其他微管蛋白修饰剂;替拉扎明、博莱霉素或其他DNA-断裂剂。
17.药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的如权利要求1所要求保护的式I化合物和药学上可接受的助剂。
19.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-甲酰胺。
20.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-甲酰胺。
21.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺。
22.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺。
23.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-甲酰胺。
24.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺。
25.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-(2-羟基乙基)-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺。
26.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺。
27.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-6-磺酰胺。
28.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-N-羟基-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰胺。
29.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5-硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-磺酰肼。
30.化合物二氢磷酸2-{[1-(氯甲基)-5-硝基-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-7-基]磺酰基}氨基乙基酯。
31.化合物1-(氯甲基)-3-{5-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]吲哚-2-羰基}-5,7-二硝基-1,2-二氢-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-8-磺酰胺。
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EP1994000B1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2017-08-23 | Syntarga B.V. | Water-soluble cc-1065 analogs and their conjugates |
US9901567B2 (en) | 2007-08-01 | 2018-02-27 | Syntarga B.V. | Substituted CC-1065 analogs and their conjugates |
US8076491B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2011-12-13 | Senomyx, Inc. | Compounds that inhibit (block) bitter taste in composition and use thereof |
CN101828111B (zh) * | 2007-08-21 | 2014-07-23 | 塞诺米克斯公司 | 人t2r苦味受体及其用途 |
NZ571028A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2011-01-28 | Auckland Uniservices Ltd | Nitrobenzindole compounds and their use in cancer treatment |
WO2010062171A2 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-06-03 | Syntarga B.V. | Novel cc-1065 analogs and their conjugates |
DK3056203T3 (da) | 2010-04-21 | 2018-01-29 | Syntarga Bv | Konjugater af cc-1065-analoger og bifunktionelle linkere. |
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US9278124B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2016-03-08 | Halozyme, Inc. | Hypoxia and hyaluronan and markers thereof for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases and conditions and related methods |
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JP2008517905A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
US20080119442A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
IL182652A0 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
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EP1809603A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
AU2005296389A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
KR20070083806A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
US7718688B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
MX2007004596A (es) | 2007-06-22 |
AU2005296389B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
ZA200703699B (en) | 2008-10-29 |
CN101044114A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
NZ536107A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
CA2584702A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
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EP1809603A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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