CN1006102B - 信息的光学记录材料及其用途 - Google Patents

信息的光学记录材料及其用途 Download PDF

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CN1006102B
CN1006102B CN87102377.6A CN87102377A CN1006102B CN 1006102 B CN1006102 B CN 1006102B CN 87102377 A CN87102377 A CN 87102377A CN 1006102 B CN1006102 B CN 1006102B
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德克·简·格雷夫斯泰恩
卡罗勒斯·约翰尼斯·范德普尔
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

光学记录材料,其成分为OSbTe,其中Q=In,Ga;x=34-44(原子%);y=51-62(原子%);z=2-9(原子%);该材料可用于转动的记录元件23(图3)的晶状记录层28上。所述记录元件暴露于一脉冲化的激光光点29中(图4),其中形成的是非晶质信息位,可利用弱激光30读出和可在元件23的转动一周中利用一激光擦除光点33(图4)实时地擦除和变回到晶态。

Description

信息的光学记录材料及其用途
本发明涉及光学记录材料及其用途,该材料可用于一盘状的记录元件上(该元件包含一基底和一配置在基底上的包含该记录材料的记录层)所述记录元件可转动地暴露在越过记录径向移动的记录光点下,该光点来自聚焦于该记录层上并按照待记录的信息进行调制的激光束,非晶质信息位形成在记录层的所述暴光位置,这种信息位可用弱激光读出并可用来自聚焦于记录层的激光束擦除光点来擦除。
一种基于结晶非晶相变的方法可由例如申请人名下的欧洲专利申请第0,135,370号及共同待决的荷兰专利申请第8403817号(PHN11243)中得知。在该已知的方法中,使用了Te-Se合金作为记录材料,该记录材料还可包含其它元素。这种方法的缺点在于擦除时间,即,使非晶质信息区(位)变回到原始的晶相所需的曝光时间,是很长的。例如,Te-Se-Sb合金的擦除时间为(例如)50微秒。
在记录信息、读出信息及擦除信息的过程当中,记录元件是转动的。该元件的线性速度(例如)为1米/秒至15米/秒或更快。在按照EFM(十四中有八)调制系统进行声频(声音)信息记录时,用1.4米/秒的一线性盘(元件)速度。在视频信息记录时,则用10-15米/秒的线性速度。
在擦除过程中,若能以与记录过程中相同的线性盘速进行擦除,意即,进行实时擦除。则是极为理想的,此外,在元件转动一周期间即能擦除信息也是极为理想。在实际应用上这表现为:直接在先有的信息上记录新的信息的极其重要的可能性,就此而论,在将先有信息擦除后,能即刻以相同的盘速和相同的元件的转动行程在其上记录新信息。这种直接的重写是不可能在磁-光记录过程中实现的,因磁-光记录过程中擦除和重录之间记录元件至少要转动一整圈。
在上述具有50微秒擦除时间的相变记录过程中,在元件转动一周的实时内进行擦除实际上也不易实现。即使在1.4米/秒这样一个非常低的线性盘速下,也已要求必须使用最小长度为70微米的狭缝状擦除光点。该擦除光点是在记录层上用于擦除过程中的激光束的光点。对于70微米大小的擦除光点而言,由于激光器所需功率高及光点在轨道上的定位问题,遇到了极为不利的实际问题。在较高的盘速情况下,甚至要求擦除光点的长度以毫米数量级计。而实际上这是不能实现的。
在已公开的日本专利申请第60-177446号中描述了一种光学记录介质,它的记录材料满足分子式In1-xSbxMy,其中M选自基本上为金属的13种元素族,x是按重量计55-80%,而y是按重量计0至20%。在记录信息的过程中,记录材料暴露在调制的激光下。在暴光的地方,则依赖于冷却速率形成一称为π相的半稳定相或一InSb和Sb的混合相。通过加热可将π相转换成混合相。这样在记录和擦除过程中存在一混合相与π相之间的转换。它的缺点在于当转换混合相时,与两种组分有关。其结果,转换(记录和擦除)的次数受到限制,尽管按所述日本专利申请公开书重复复制是可能的。这是一个稳定性的问题,这种问题对实际应用来说是不可以接受的。此外,混合相转换到π相的速度也受限制,因为两种组分InSb和Sb在转换之前须彼此找出良好的比例。在所述日本专利申请公开书中没有提供擦除过程的资料或公开其细节,特别是擦除速度、擦除过程的质量-可能的剩余信号的大小。它声称可通过激光“扫描”擦除信息。
此外,更为严重的缺点在于信息位的信噪比低,使得视频记录不可能实现。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种光学记录材料,该材料使得用很短的擦除时间,尤其是可在记录元件的一圈转动期间实时地擦除已记录的非晶质信息位成为可能。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种光学记录材料,使得已记录的信息位可用平均为50分贝或更高的信噪比读出乃至视频记录成为可能。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种光学记录材料。以使记录过程可在高记录速度和高信息密度下进行。同时使擦除过程可将已记录的信息位擦除到其剩余信号可忽略不计的程度,乃至记录和擦除多次进行而仍可获得高的信噪比。
按照本发明,所使用记录材料的特点在于组成成分满足下式:
QxSbyTez
其中,Q为元素In或Ga,x=34至44原子%,y=51至62原子%,z=2至9原子%,
借助本发明的材料可实现非常短的擦除时间,例如100毫微秒或甚至更短。按照本发明所用的记录材料表现的重大优点在于将一非晶区结晶化所需的擦除时间可加以调节且首先依赖于在所述的极限范围内所选择Te的量。例如,用原子百分比小于5%这样少量的Te可获得非常短的擦除时间;选择较高百分比的Te,可调节到一较长的擦除时间,因而调节到一较低的晶化速率。较低的晶化速率在记录速率低亦即元件速度较低时是重要的,因此,根据元件用于声频记录、视频记录、及数据记录的不同速度下,不去适配或不唯一地去适配擦除光点的大小,而是通过改变记录层中Te的含量去适配擦除时间成为可能。Te含量的限值为2和9原子%。当Te含量低于2原子%时,则晶化速率变为过高,以致不可能再发生晶状和非晶质信息转变,记录过程也不可能再进行。当Te含量超过9(原子%)时,晶化速率则变得如此之低,以致不能再充分进行实时擦除。
当Sb含量超过62原子%时,Sb元素沉积出来,使得系统不再稳定。当Sb含量低于51原子%时,晶化速率变得过高,使得记录过程(晶状至非晶质)再也不能令人满意。当Q的含量低于34原子%时,系统变为不稳定。当Q含量超过44原子%时,晶化速率又变为过高,诚然,这使得擦除过程非常优异,但是,相伴有从晶状转到非晶态信息记录过程再也不可能或虽可能也只在极其艰难的情况下实现。特别在Te与Sb两者的总含量达58至65原子%时,尤其特别在58至62原子%时获得最佳效果。
可以如此选择记录层的组成成分,使得可以实现非常短的擦除时间,因而实现高的晶化速率。这种材料可在任何盘速下被擦除。然而,为了加速在较低的盘速下的记录过程,最好采用较长晶化时间的材料。
本发明材料制成的记录层,不但在晶相,而且在非晶相中都有优异的稳定性。非晶相抗晶化的稳定性曾通过标准DSC(差示扫描量热法)试验而得以证实。现已发现,对材料In40Sb54Te6而言,非晶相的晶化时间在50℃时为3×105年,在100℃时其晶化时间为8年。因而具有非常高的稳定性。
按照本发明所用的记录材料的一个优选形式,其组成成分满足下式:
Inx′,SbY′,TeZ′,
其中,x′=35至42原子%,y′=52至60原子%,z′=3至8原子%。
在这优选形式条件下,可获得平均值为50至55分贝而最高值为60分贝的高信噪比。值得注意的是,当用Se代替Te时,信噪比表现为一较低的值。
优异的结果是在另一个本发明最佳实施例中获得的,其中所用的记录材料满足下式:
Inx″SbY″TeZ
其中,x″=37至42原子%,y″=52至56原子%,z″=5至8原子%。
记录元件转动的线性速度取决于被记录的信息的类型,(例如)是声频信息、视频信息还是数据信息,(例如)可从1至20米/秒。在记录过程中,晶状记录材料在暴光的地方被加热到其熔化温度之上,使得形成一熔融区,该区迅速冷却以致不发生晶化并形成非晶质信息位。信息是以高速度加以记录的。形成一个信息位的每一激光束脉冲的脉冲时间是很短的,例如从20至100毫微秒。形成的非晶质信息位有小的直径,其尺寸从至多1至数个微米,从而可获得高的信息密度。
在擦除过程中,非晶质信息区(信息位)是暴露于擦除光点下。其结果是将一非晶区加热到一稍低于材料在晶相的熔点温度但高于玻璃转变温度。其结果是这一区的非晶质材料粘性降低并将变回到热力学上更为稳定的晶态。该材料需在上述温度下保持一段时间(擦除时间),使得在这一区中的材料全部晶化。
按照本发明材料令人惊奇地表现了利用非常短的擦除时间的可能性。在本发明材料的优选形式中,每个信息区的擦除时间是从50毫微秒至5微秒,特别是从100毫微秒至1微秒为好。
在按照本发明材料的另一优选形式中,所用擦除光点是圆形或椭圆形的,其最大直径或纵向尺寸为3微米。特别是使用了一直径为1至2微米的圆形擦除光点。此时,所需的激光器功率较低。这种小的圆形擦除光点与一狭缝状擦除光点相比较时,其进一步优点表现在记录层上较好的聚焦性和对于整个信息磁道有更好的控制和导向性。
与此相关须注意到,为了记录和擦除过程的良好控制,记录元件最好包含可光学探测的、螺旋状的磁道。该磁道例如是在记录层的一侧的基底表面中的轨道。在使用合成材料为基底的情况下,该轨道可在生产基底过程中设置。适宜的生产方法是一种注模法或一种压模法,其中将热的液态合成材料注入一模型中,该模型包含一原模,其表面与所需的轨道结构相反。在例如使用玻璃为基底的情况下,该轨道是配置在基底的表面上合成材料的一独立层中。该轨道可通过激光加以光学检测,该激光是通过一透明基底导入的。记录层反射的光根据该光是对着轨道部分反射回来还是对着出现在轨道边的岸部分反射的而显示出诸相差。在记录元件中记录的信息通常处在记录层的轨道部分,以形成螺旋状信息轨道。
一个小的圆形擦除光点能轻易地保持在信息道上。在使用狭缝状的擦除光点情况下,则存在这样的可能性,由于光点的某些转动,使邻近信息轨道的螺旋状部分被暴光,因而发生非期望的擦除过程。
记录和擦除信息是利用激光束进行,该激光束最好经过一基底聚焦到记录层上。由此可以实现使基底上的尘埃颗粒或刻痕会落在聚焦物镜的焦深之外,使得所述污染物不会影响记录和擦除质量。在那种情况下,基底必须是透明的,并须由例如玻璃或一种透明的合成材料如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等制成的。
小圆形擦除光点可用于记录元件的所有常用速度上,因为,如上所述,记录层的组成成分能适配于由光点大小及盘(元件)速度所确定的擦除过程中的暴光时间。以一低的盘速度比如为1.5米/秒及光点大小为2微米作为例子,这意味着暴光时间为1.3微秒,记录层的组成成分可选择使Te元素的含量较高。这种材料具有较低的晶化速度。在盘速为15米/秒及擦除光点大小为2微米的情况下,(因此曝光时间约为135毫微秒)则用元素Te含量较低的记录层,因这种片层能迅速晶化,所以具有短的擦除时间。
下面将参照附图对本发明进行详细描述,其中:
图1为用本发明材料的记录元件的截面图。
图2为图1中元件的一个扇形部分的平面图。
图3为应用由本发明的材料制成的记录元件的一个装置的截面示意图。
图4为用于图3装置中的记录元件的部分平面图。
图5为图3所示装置中设置的激光器的平面图。
图6为元素In,Sb和Te组成成分图。
图7和8所示为记录过程和擦除过程的曲线图。
图1中标号1表示一玻璃基底。该基底之形状为直径30厘米而厚度1至2毫米的圆盘。基底1的表面包含一经紫外光固化的丙烯酸合成树脂层2,在该树脂层中制有螺旋状轨道3。该轨道宽为1.6微米、深为60毫微米。有轨道3的蜡克漆层2是通过对基底1配置以一层紫外光可固化的液态蜡克漆,并将此组合件压向一包含轨道结构的原模表面,并透过基底将该液态蜡克漆层暴露于紫外光下,并将具有从原模表面复制出来的轨道结构的固化了的蜡克漆层和其基底一起取去。
于3×10-5托压力下在蜡克漆层2上利用一闪蒸器进行汽相淀积,从而形成由In40Sb54Te6组成的记录层4。淀积速率为每秒0.6毫微米。汽相淀积层4的厚度为100毫微米。汽相淀积过程中基底1以20赫兹的频率转动着。
记录层覆盖有一合成树脂的保护层11。
经汽相淀积后,层4具有非晶结构。将记录层的轨道部分5暴露在透过基底1而聚焦在记录层4上的连续激光束6下。所用激光器在记录层4上的功率为5毫瓦。该激光束在记录层上产生一称之为擦除光点的光点,此光点为圆形并且有2微米的截面直径。擦除光点利用一图中未示出的伺服系统(控制系统)跟随着轨道部分5,在该伺服系统中利用了一透过基底而在层4上反射的一弱激光束,该伺服系统基于来自轨道5和岸部分7的反射光之间的相差而能搜索轨道结构。在用擦除光斑暴光的过程中盘1是转动着的,在擦除光点的区域上的线性速度为5米/秒。由于暴露于擦除光点下,结果在轨道部分5形成一晶状记录材料的轨道8。所说的从非晶相向晶相的转变是在圆盘1转动一圈期间完成的,因而擦除光点只扫过一次。
所述擦除运行过程中或之后,可将信息记录在轨道8中。为此目的,轨道8须对脉冲激光9聚焦,该激光9透过基底1聚焦在轨道8之上。脉冲激光束9在记录层4的晶化轨道8的区域上给出一光点(记录光点)。该光点是圆形并具有2微米的直径。脉冲时间为100毫微秒。每次脉冲的激光光能为0.6毫微焦耳。激光束9利用上面提及的未示出的伺服系统而受到控制并保持在轨道8上。在记录信息的过程中,盘1是转动的,在记录光点的区域处的线性速度为5米/秒。擦除和记录实时地发生在盘的一圈转动期间。这可为同一圈转动。为获得记录光点可利用在擦除过程中所用的相同激光器。为进行记录过程将所述激光器临时地转换到较高功率并产生脉冲。另外也可使用第二激光器来进行记录过程。在那种情况下,记录光点能紧跟在擦除光点后面并与之维持一非常短的距离例如30微米的距离。由于暴露在记录光点下的结果,在晶化的轨道8上形成具有直径约为1微米的非晶质信息区10(见图2)。信息区10可选择性地加以擦除,因而可利用上述擦除光点将该信息区10再转变成晶相。擦除过程以5米/秒的线性盘速实时地进行着。每个非晶区的擦除时间为400毫微秒。利用一弱的连续激光读出非晶质信息区,该弱的连续激光透过基底而被记录层4所反射。读出是根据轨道8中非晶质信息区和其周围的晶区之间反射差异即反射光的强度差异而进行的。
上述擦除一写过程可重复进行400次而不会发生任何问题。
在与上述相同的方式下,可在基底(盘)的不同速度,例如12米/秒的记录速度下,记录或擦除信息。在那种情况下,使用了来自在记录层上具有16毫瓦激光器的直径为2微米的圆形擦除光点。在对记录了信息的非晶区有选择地擦除过程中,每个信息区的擦除时间约为170毫微秒。信息是利用脉冲激光在脉冲时间为55毫微秒及脉冲能量为0.6毫微焦耳的情况下记录的。
试验已表明快速记录-擦除过程可重复800次而未产生任何问题。
图3中标号12表示一激光器。与激光器12平行地还可有第二激光器13(见图5)。激光器12的激光束14通过一透镜15并被转变成平行激光束16,然后该平行光束通过一调制器17。该调制器被加在连接插锁18上的二进位(数字)信号所控制而起着光闸的作用。该电信号表示待记录的信息。激光束16穿过调制器17时,便使其按照待记录的二进位信息而成为脉冲式了。但也可以使脉冲激光器12在没有独立调制器的中间连接情况下按照待记录的数据直接产生脉冲。在使用一具有发射波长为850毫微米的AlGaAs激光器时,情况确是如此。脉冲激光束19穿过一半可透反射镜20,然后由于反射镜21的反射而旋转90°。光束19由物镜22聚焦在相应于图1和图2所示的记录元件23上。记录元件23包括一玻璃基底24,该基底有一配置以轨道26的蜡克漆层25。在轨道之间有一岸部分27。蜡克漆层25包含一在图1或图2的说明加以描述过的记录层28。脉冲激光束19透过基底24聚集在记录层28的轨道部分中,并在记录层(见图4)上产生一脉冲光点(记录光点)29。记录元件23绕轴35转动,在记录光点位置上,元件的线性速度通常调节在1至15米/秒的值之间。
在暴露于记录光点29的地方,如参照图1和2的说明中一样,形成非晶质信息区。该非晶质信息区可用按照图3所示的相同光路聚焦在记录层28的轨道部分26的弱连续激光而读出。反射光束30通过反射镜21,半可透镜20和透镜31在检测器32中被截取,在该检测器中根据反射光的差异测定信息区的位置和长度,并将之转变成(例如)电信号。
非晶质信息区是利用一擦除光点33(图4)提供在记录层28的轨道26中的一个晶状材料轨道上的。在图3、4和5所示的情况中擦除光点来自第二激光器13,该激光器在以所产生的擦除光点已经相对于记录光点29移动了超过大约30微米距离的条件下,可产生一连续光束34,该光束所经光路基本上与光束14所经光路相同。擦除光点33领先于记录光点29,于是先在非晶记录层形成晶态轨道,然后在其中形成非晶质信息区。该非晶质信息区可选择性地利用擦除光点在元件转动一周期间实时地通过擦除光点将其转变成晶相而加以擦除。
图6示出-In,Sb,Te的组成成分图,在该组成成分三角形中各个角分别表示组成成分为In30Sb70,In30Sb50Te20和In50Sb50。如此所示的三角形只示出总的In,Sb,Te图的一小部分。在该组分三角形内,实线A表示一个组成成分区,该区对应于满足分子式QxSbyTez的组分区,其中Q为In或Ga,x=34-44原子%,y=51-62原子%,z=2-9原子%,虚线B表示的组分区等于满足分子式Inx′,Sby′,Tez′的组分区,其中x=35-42原子%,y′=52-60原子,z′=3-8原子%,而虚线C则为满足分子式Inx″Sby″Tez″的组分区,其中x″=37-42原子%,y″=52-56原子%,z″=5-8原子%。申请人按照本发明所使用过的一组有代表性的特定组分用黑点表示。为简便起见将所述组分归纳成按In的含量(以原子%为单位)增加的次序排列成如下表格。
属于图6的组分表
In Sb Te In Sb Te In Sb Te
34.8 61.6 3.6 38.8 55.1 6.1 40.0 54.0 6.0
35.0 60.0 5.0 39.0 54.9 6.1 40.0 52.0 8.0
35.0 57.0 8.0 39.2 54.8 6.0 40.3 53.0 6.7
36.2 57.7 6.1 39.3 55.1 5.6 41.0 52.0 7.0
37.1 60.0 2.9 39.4 54.0 6.6 41.5 53.5 5.0
37.2 58.5 4.3 39.4 54.7 5.9 42.0 52.0 6.0
38.0 57.0 5.0 39.6 53.6 6.8 42.1 56.0 2.9
38.2 54.0 7.8 39.7 54.5 5.9 43.6 52.0 4.4
38.6 55.2 6.2 40.0 55.8 4.2
由线A所组成的成分的信噪比平均值为45至50分贝。由线B所确定的区域内的组分的信噪比平均值达到50至55分贝。最令人感兴趣的为线C所表示的成分区。此处达到最高的信噪比值为60分贝。如果使用Se来代替Te时则获得稍低的值。
图7示出以分贝为单位的信噪比相对于形成非晶质信息位所用的能量的曲线图。例如,可从曲线图中读出用激光能量脉冲为0.8毫微焦耳获得的信息位的信噪比约为55分贝。试验是用记录材料In41Sb52Te7进行的。非晶质信息位是记录在一晶状材料的轨道中,而该晶状材料是通过记录元件在转动一圈中暴露于来自功率为3mw激光器的圆形光点而获得的。其盘速为1.4米/秒。激光的波长是750毫微米。其光学聚焦系统的数值孔径是0.5。在写出非晶质信息位时,可用同一激光器,但须用脉冲形式。该激光器是可转换成各种功率(毫瓦)以便提供曲线图中所示的每一脉冲的能量的各种数量。各种情况的脉冲时间均为60毫微秒。
图8画出了以分贝为单位的信噪比相对于所用激光器的擦除功率(以毫瓦计)的降低。所用激光的波长为750毫微米。其数值孔径为0.5。盘速度为1.4米/秒。擦除过程是用一直径为2微米的圆形擦除光点进行的。曲线图说明该变化只是一次擦除行程的结果,因而只是擦除光点一次扫过信息位的结果。从曲线图中可看到在利用一功率稍大于4毫瓦的激光器在一次擦除运行中便能将信噪比降低到基本上为0的程度。甚至在使用较低的擦除功率(例如)3毫瓦时,经一次擦除运行后给出的信噪比为15分贝,然后在下一个擦除运行中降低为0。
按照本发明的一个重要方面在于,可以完美地记录和读出EFM调制信号。EFM调制信号也被应用于例如已知的数字激光唱片中。利用本发明,数字激光唱片信息可在数字激光唱片所使用的盘速度即1.4米/秒的相同盘速下进行记录或读出。这种兼容性是具重要技术意义的。EFM调制意味着非晶质信息位是记录在记录层中的,该信息位具有例如椭圆形及具有不同的精确限定的、分离的、纵向尺寸0.9,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.1,2.4,2.7,3.0及3.3微米。使用按照本发明的材料使这点成为可行。上述尺寸的信息位可进一步加以扫描,鉴别从而可利用一激光束以极高的精确度而被读出。

Claims (24)

1、一种记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:
QXsbYTeZ,其中
Q为In或Ga元素,
X=34-44原子%;
Y=51-62原子%;和
Z=2-9原子%
2、如权利要求1所述的记录材料,其特征在于:Q和Sb的含量之和为58-65原子%。
3、如权利要求1的记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:Inx′sbY′TeZ′,其中X′=35-42原子%;
Y′=52-60原子%和
Z′=3-8原子%
4、如权利要求2的记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:Inx′sbY′TeZ′,其中X′=35-42原子%;
Y′=52-60原子%和
Z′=3-8原子%
5、如权利要求2的记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:Inx″sbY″TeZ″,其中X″=37-42原子%;
Y″=52-56原子%和
Z″=5-8原子%
6、如权利要求3的记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:Inx″sbY″TeZ″,其中X″=37-42原子%;
Y″=52-56原子%和
Z″=5-8原子%
7、如权利要求4的记录材料,其特征在于该材料的成分满足下式:Inx″sbY″TeZ″,其中X″=37-42原子%;
Y″=52-56原子%和
Z″=5-8原子%
8、如前述任一权利要求所述的记录材料,其特征在于该材料中的元素Te为Se所代替。
9、包括一基底和其上设有一记录层的记录元件,其特征在于:所述记录层包含如前述任一权利要求所述的记录材料。
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CN87102377A (zh) 1987-10-07
JPS62241145A (ja) 1987-10-21
AU7071687A (en) 1987-10-01
EP0239166A1 (en) 1987-09-30
US4818666A (en) 1989-04-04
EP0239166B1 (en) 1991-05-29
US4816385A (en) 1989-03-28
DE3770302D1 (de) 1991-07-04
JP2952287B2 (ja) 1999-09-20
AU599641B2 (en) 1990-07-26
CA1283732C (en) 1991-04-30
ATE64028T1 (de) 1991-06-15

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