CN100575731C - 万向接头 - Google Patents

万向接头 Download PDF

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CN100575731C
CN100575731C CN200580030432A CN200580030432A CN100575731C CN 100575731 C CN100575731 C CN 100575731C CN 200580030432 A CN200580030432 A CN 200580030432A CN 200580030432 A CN200580030432 A CN 200580030432A CN 100575731 C CN100575731 C CN 100575731C
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yoke
universal joint
bearing cup
key part
thermal spray
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CN101014779A (zh
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永山彰英
米山展央
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JTEKT Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
    • F16D3/385—Bearing cup; Bearing construction; Bearing seal; Mounting of bearing on the intermediate member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
    • F16D3/387—Fork construction; Mounting of fork on shaft; Adapting shaft for mounting of fork
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • F16D3/41—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes with ball or roller bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B35/00—Drives for metal-rolling mills, e.g. hydraulic drives
    • B21B35/14—Couplings, driving spindles, or spindle carriers specially adapted for, or specially arranged in, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B35/142—Yielding spindle couplings; Universal joints for spindles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling

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Abstract

提供一种块型万向接头，其中支撑十字头的耳轴的轴承杯与键部分形成一体，在键部分装配到轭的键槽的状态，通过螺栓将轴承杯结合固定到轭上，其中通过在键部分的两侧表面上形成WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜，提高了键部分的耐腐蚀性，即使在轧机等的驱动系统中长时间使用，也防止由键部分的腐蚀引起的在键部分和键槽之间的间隙，并且通过提高轴承的工作寿命和防止螺栓的过大的弯曲负荷作用，能够在长时间工作维持稳定性能。

Description

万向接头
技术领域
本发明涉及万向接头，特别涉及适宜用在高负荷下操作的驱动系统，如轧机等的驱动系统的万向接头。
背景技术
驱动机构，例如，驱动轧机的轧辊的驱动机构，在驱动电机和轧辊之间设有万向接头。分别示于图3的主要部分的分解透视图，图4的与轴向垂直的耳轴部分的剖视图，和图5的沿A-A线取的剖视图中的是已知称为块型的这种万向接头(例如，参见专利参考文献1)。
块型的万向接头采用的结构是，其中十字头1的各耳轴11由轴承杯3通过滚柱2支撑，各轴承杯3分别由螺栓5固定到轭4。轴承杯3与键部分31形成一体，所述键部分31在其与轭4的结合表面上向轭4的侧面突出，并且通过将键部分31装配到形成在轭4上的键槽41，从而与螺栓5配合传递力矩。也就是说，作为在图4中的箭头指出的位置上的负荷，在一侧上轭4的旋转动力通过十字头1的耳轴11传递到轴承杯3，并且在另一侧上通过螺栓5的轴向力和在键部分31和键槽41之间的表面压力传递到轭4。考虑耐冲击负荷性能，作为轴承杯3的材料，例如用SNCM等的渗碳淬火钢用作轴承的轴承环。
块型万向接头取得的优点是，与其他类型的万向接头，如圆型的比较，鉴于其结构，部件数目少，并且轴承杯不蠕变，在所述圆型万向接头中，圆柱形的轴承杯通过称为轴承保持器的分开部件固定到轭。
专利参考文献：JP-A-2002-181069
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
同时，当上述块型万向接头用在轧机的轧辊的驱动系统中时，具有的问题是，在键部分31侧表面和键槽41的内壁表面之间引起高表面压力，同时，由于这些部位暴露到冷却水中，它们易被腐蚀。尽管通过对键槽41包覆不锈钢能够防止腐蚀，但是由于轴承座3包括渗碳和淬火的钢，不能够进行不锈钢的覆层，并且存在这样的情况，其中通过长时间使用，轴承座3被腐蚀，并且在键部分31和键槽41之间产生间隙。当产生这样的间隙时，还存在一种可能性，即间隙影响支撑耳轴11的轴承的工作寿命，并且螺栓5以过大弯曲应力工作而被毁坏。
鉴于这样的实际情况实施本发明，其目的是提供一种块型万向接头，其中轴承杯的键部分不被腐蚀，并且即使万向接头以高负荷操作，如在轧机驱动系统等中那样，和在容易腐蚀万向接头的环境下使用，也能够在长时间取得稳定功能。
解决问题的方法
为了解决上述问题，本发明的万向接头的特征在于：在万向接头中，通过针状滚柱分别支撑十字头的耳轴的轴承杯由渗碳和淬火钢制造，并且通过螺栓而结合固定到轭，并且结合到轭的轴承杯的表面形成有向轭突出的键部分，所述轭形成有装配到键部分的键槽，其中键部分的侧表面用WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜覆盖(权利要求1)。
在此，根据本发明的万向接头，优选采用的结构是，利用二氧化硅类树脂(silica species resin)对WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜进行密封处理(权利要求2)。
而且，根据本发明的万向接头，优选地，采用的结构是，其中轭的键槽的内表面用包括不锈钢合金的覆层覆盖(权利要求3)。
透彻地研究了热喷涂材料从而开发了本发明，所述热喷涂材料覆盖渗碳和淬火钢的表面以提高耐腐蚀性，并且不会由于高的表面压力操作而剥离，通过后面说明的盐水喷淋测试确认，WC-Ni-Cr(碳化钨-镍-铬)热喷涂膜在耐腐蚀方面是优良的，而且，通过也在下面说明的静的表面加压力加载测试确认，即使在向SNCM等的渗碳和淬火钢表面喷淋和以高的表面压力加载时，也难于引起内裂和在膜中引起剥离，在轧机轧辊等的驱动系统中使用该膜显示出优良的耐用性。
而且，在如根据权利要求2所述的本发明中，通过用二氧化硅类树脂对WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜进行密封处理，封闭在热喷涂膜上形成的小孔和限制从该小孔浸入水等，在长时间上取得上述的性能。
而且，关于轭的侧面上形成的键槽，在如权利要求3所述的本发明中，通过包括不锈钢合金的覆层覆盖内表面，能够防止键槽的侧面腐蚀，并且关于其与在该键部分的侧面上的WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜之间的关系，不存在问题。
本发明优点
根据本发明，在具有少的部件数量的块型万向接头中，在包括渗碳淬火钢的轴承杯上形成的键部分的两个侧面形成WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜，因此，即使在高负荷下暴露到水等的严酷环境使用，如在轧机等的驱动系统中时，也能够防止键部分被腐蚀，而且不引起在热喷涂膜中产生开裂或产生剥离的缺点，在长时间使用时能够取得稳定的性能。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的与轴线垂直的耳轴和支撑杯的剖视图；
图2是图2中轴承杯的键部分的侧面放大图；
图3是块型万向接头的主要部分的分解透视图；
图4是垂直轴线的现有技术的耳轴11和轴承杯3附近的剖视图；以及
图5是在轴承杯3和螺栓5的剖视图中安装滚柱2和十字头1的耳轴11的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图说明本发明的实施例。
图1是根据本发明实施例的耳轴和轴承杯的剖视图，图2是轴承杯的键部分的侧面放大图。
本实施例的整个基本结构与图3一图5示出的现有技术的相同。也就是说，十字头1的各耳轴11由渗碳和淬火钢制造的轴承杯3通过滚柱2支撑，通过螺栓5使轴承杯3结合固定到轭4，结合到轭4的轴承杯3的表面与键部分31形成一体，轭4形成有与键部分31配合的键槽41。轴承杯3的材料例如是由日本工业标准(JIS)的牌号为SNCM815的镍铬钼钢制造，轭4的材料例如是由SCM440铬钼钢制造，或SNCM439的镍铬钼钢制造。
本实施例的特征在于，轴承杯3的键部分31的两侧面形成有WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6，而且，利用不锈钢在轭4的键槽41的内表面形成有覆层7(如，13％铬序列的不锈钢)。
例如，优选地，WC-27NiCr(其基本组分包括WC，并且包括27％的NiCr)能够用于WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6，并且优选地，其膜的厚度形成到约0.1到0.3mm。而且，为了在长时间保持耐腐蚀性，优选地，使得WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6经受二氧化硅类树脂的密封处理，以密封膜中的小孔。而且，由于能够以高精确度控制WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6的厚度，从防止在热喷涂后通过进行后处理使得对基础金属的结合性退化的观点考虑，优选地不进行后处理。
通过形成上述的热喷涂膜6，即使在轧机等的驱动系统的严酷环境下经长时间使用，也没有引起热喷涂膜6开裂或剥离的缺点，并且键部分31没有被腐蚀。而且，由于键槽41的内表面形成有不锈钢的覆层7，因此键槽41的侧面也不腐蚀。因此，即使长时间使用也能够限制键部分31和键槽41之间产生间隙，增加耳轴11的轴承的工作寿命，过大的弯曲应力不作用到螺栓5，并且万向接头的功能能够长时间维持。
作为轧机的驱动系统的实际机器中使用的现场测试结果，根据向轴承杯3的键部分31的两侧表面施加WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6(WC-27NiCr)的本发明实施例的万向接头，即使经20月的使用，在键部分31的宽度尺寸中未见到改变。与此相反，根据没有WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜6的现有技术的万向接头，由于13个月的使用腐蚀磨损，键部分31的宽度尺寸减小1.52mm。
而且，就上述的WC-Ni-Cr(WC-27NiCr)热喷涂膜以及对照的例子进行的耐腐蚀和表面耐压性能的台架测试的结果在下面示出。
关于耐腐蚀性，进行了下面示出的盐水喷淋测试。
作为测试试样，使用渗碳和淬火的直径80mm的SNCM 815材料制造的板，制备了利用WC-27NiCr在表面上形成有厚度为0.1mm的WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜的板(实施例)，还制备其表面形成有厚度为0.2mm的Ni热喷涂膜的板(对照例1)和表面完全未形成膜的板(对照例2)。
测试条件为在测试器内湿度为98％，在测试器内温度为35℃，盐水浓度为5％，相对于水平面的测试面的角度为45度，和连续测试200小时。表1示出测试结果。
表1
  试样   实施例(WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂)   对照例1(Ni热喷涂)   对照例2(无膜)
  评价   ○   ○   ×
在表1中，×表示腐蚀相当大，○表示没有腐蚀。从[表1]可见，与无膜的情况比较，WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜和Ni热喷涂膜的耐腐蚀性都很优良。
接着，就耐腐蚀性优良的本实施例和对照例1，进行下面说明的表面压力距离测试。
作为测试样，用渗碳和淬火的61mm直径的SNCM815制造的板，制备形成有厚度为0.1mm的WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜的板(实施例)和与上述相似地形成有厚度0.2mm的Ni热喷涂膜(对照例1)的板。
作为测试条件，用Amsler测试机，在392MPa的静表面压力的高表面压力下，分别对测试试样加载荷30秒钟，并观测膜剥离的情况。此外，对万向接头来说，392MPa或更高的静表面压力是高负荷状态，并且在此通过392Mpa的静表面压力进行该测试。表2示出结果。
表2
  表面压力(MPa)   392
  本实施例(WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂)   ○
  对照例1(Ni热喷涂)   ×
在表2中，×表示剥离，○表示没有剥离。从表2可见，在该392MPa高压力下，WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜完全没有剥离，而Ni热喷涂膜剥离，从而确认，粘结到渗碳淬火钢上的WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜的性能是优良的。

Claims (3)

1.一种万向接头，包括：
包括耳轴的十字头；
轴承杯，该轴承杯由渗碳和淬火镍铬钼钢制造，用于通过针状滚柱支撑所述耳轴；
轭，所述轴承杯通过螺栓固定到该轭上；
其中结合到所述轭的轴承杯的表面形成有向所述轭突出的键部分，所述轭形成有装配到所述键部分的键槽，以及
其中渗碳和淬火的键部分的渗碳和淬火的侧表面覆盖有WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的万向接头，其中利用二氧化硅类树脂对所述WC-Ni-Cr热喷涂膜进行密封处理。
3.如权利要求1所述的万向接头，其中，所述轭的键槽的内表面覆盖有包括不锈钢合金的覆层。
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