CN100574048C - 旋转电机 - Google Patents

旋转电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100574048C
CN100574048C CNB2004100587765A CN200410058776A CN100574048C CN 100574048 C CN100574048 C CN 100574048C CN B2004100587765 A CNB2004100587765 A CN B2004100587765A CN 200410058776 A CN200410058776 A CN 200410058776A CN 100574048 C CN100574048 C CN 100574048C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
nonvolatil
stator
steel sheet
electromagnetic steel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2004100587765A
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English (en)
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CN1581638A (zh
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有满稔
赤津观
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1581638A publication Critical patent/CN1581638A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14Stator cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/40DC to AC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
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    • H02K5/203Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种旋转电机。在该旋转电机中,多个叠层的电磁钢片构成了定子和转子中的至少之一,且多个永久性的结合部分将各个叠层电磁钢片组合为一体而形成对应的定子或转子,多个永久性的结合部分被设定成位于一些位置上,在这些位置上,磁通密度相对于由永久结合部分围成的平面的积分值始终为零。

Description

旋转电机
技术领域
本发明所涉及的技术领域为应用到多动力型汽车上的旋转电机。
背景技术
于2002年12月20日公开的第2002-369424号日本专利公开文件(第一次公开的文件)举例说明了一种先前提出的永磁(型)电机,其中装备有一定子和一转子,线圈绕组缠绕在其中的定子上,转子则是由多个永磁体和一铁芯构成的。多个永磁体是按照一定的方式进行排列的,以使得它们各自的磁体面指向转子的径向方向,并以转子的转动轴线作为中心。铁芯是由叠层的平面轧制的电磁钢片制成的(下文简称之为叠层电磁钢片)。在转子径向方向上的一个位置处,相对于各个永磁体的磁极中心,在铁芯的一外周表面上执行焊接。
发明内容
在这种以前提出的永磁型电机中,采用焊接方式来取代紧固销,用于将多个叠层电磁钢片组合成一体而形成转子。但进行焊接的位置、以及焊点的数目却未作规定。因而,如果磁通交变地穿过一个由焊接部分围成的平面,则就会产生感应电流,并出现发热损耗。因此,电机的效率无法提高。
因而,本发明的一个目的是提供一种旋转电机,其能抑制来源于感应电流的发热损耗,并达到很高的电机效率,其中的感应电流是由磁通的变化产生的。
根据本发明的一个方面,本申请提供了一种旋转电机,其包括:多个叠层的电磁钢片,其构成了定子和转子中的至少之一,其中所述转子包括内转子和外转子,所述内转子和外转子中的每一个都设置有永磁体,所述定子置于所述内转子和外转子之间;以及多个永久性的结合部分,它们将各个叠层电磁钢片组合为一体而形成对应的定子或转子,多个永久性的结合部分被设定成位于一些位置上,在这些位置上,磁通密度相对于由永久结合部分围成的平面的积分值始终为零。
根据本发明的另一方面,本申请提供了一种适用于旋转电机的方法,其包括步骤:设置多个叠层的电磁钢片,它们构成了定子和转子中的至少之一,其中所述转子包括内转子和外转子,所述内转子和外转子中的每一个都设置有永磁体,所述定子置于所述内转子和外转子之间;利用多个永久性的结合部分将各个叠层的电磁钢片组合成一体,从而形成对应的定子或转子;且对多个永久结合部分进行设置,以使它们位于一些位置上,在这些位置上,磁通密度相对于由永久结合部分围成的平面的积分值始终为零。
此处对本发明的概要介绍并不一定描述了所有的必要特征,而本发明也可以是所描述的这些特征的部分组合形式。
附图说明
图1是一个简略的构造图,表示了一种用于多动力型汽车的混合动力驱动单元,在该驱动单元上应用了根据本发明第一优选实施方式的多轴线多层电机M(旋转电机);
图2中的纵向剖面侧视图表示了图1所示的、第一优选实施方式的多轴多层电机M的1/3模型;
图3中的纵向剖面前视图表示了图1所示的、第一优选实施方式的多轴多层电机M的1/3模型;
图4A、4B和4C是一些解释性的视图,表示了向定子线圈供电的复合电流的一种示例,其中的定子线圈是指图1所示的第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M中的定子线圈;
图5是图3所示1/3模型的解释性视图,表示出了图1所示第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M中外转子和内转子的焊接部分;
图6中的轴测图代表了定子齿叠层体的一种示例,该叠层体的整个外周面被结合为一体,同时还形成了一条焊道;
图7是一个1/3的模型图,表示了一些填嵌部分的结构,这些部分位于根据第二实施方式的多轴多层电机的外转子和内转子上;以及
图8是一个1/3的模型图,表示了焊接部分的结构,其中的焊接部分是根据第三实施方式的多轴多层电机M定子上的焊接部分。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图进行描述,以便于更好地理解本发明。
(第一实施方式)
[混合驱动单元的总体构造]
图1表示了一种混合驱动单元的总体构造,根据本发明第一优选实施方式的旋转电机被应用到该混合驱动单元中,如图1所示,该混合动力单元包括:一发动机E;一多轴多层电机M(旋转电机);一拉维列奥克斯型行星齿轮系G;一驱动输出机构D;一电机盖1、一电机壳体2、一齿轮箱壳体3、以及一前盖4。发动机E是混合驱动单元的主要动力源。发动机E的输出轴5与拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G中的一第二齿圈R2通过一转动吸收阻尼器6和一发动机离合器7联接起来。一多轴多层电机M是辅助性的动力源,其具有作为电动机和发电机的两个功能,尽管在外观上该多轴多层电机M只是单独的一台电机。多轴多层电机M包括:一定子S,其作为固定的电枢,在其上缠绕着线圈;一内转子IR,其被设置在定子S的内侧,且在其上埋设有永磁体;以及一外转子OR,其被设置在定子S的外侧,且在其上埋设有另外一些永磁体,定子S、内转子IR以及外转子OR被同轴地设置为三层结构。固定在内转子IR上的、一中空的第一电机轴8与拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G的一第一太阳轮S1相联接。固定在外转子OR上的一第二电机轴9与拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G中的第二太阳轮S2相联接。
拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G是一种差动齿轮机构,其具有无级变速功能,其中,可通过控制两电机的转速来无限地改变传动比。拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G是用五个由同一行星架C支撑的旋转元件构成的,这些元件相互啮合,具体包括:第一行星轮P1和第二行星轮P2;与第一行星轮P1相啮合的第一太阳轮S1、与第一行星轮P1啮合的第一齿圈R1;以及与第二行星轮P2啮合的第二齿圈R2。齿轮系中插置了一低速制动器10,通过将低速制动器10接合上,就可将拉维列奥克斯型复合行星齿轮系G的传动比固定在低速速比上。共同的行星架C与输出齿轮11相联接。
驱动输出机构D是由如下部件构成的:一输出齿轮11、一第一副轴齿轮12、一第二副轴齿轮13、一驱动齿轮14、一差速器15、以及驱动轴16L和16R。输出齿轮11的输出转速和输出扭矩按照如下的路线进行传递:第一副轴齿轮12→第二副轴齿轮13→驱动齿轮14→差速器15,并经过驱动轴16L和16R传递给驱动轮(图中未示出)。也就是说,通过将第二齿圈R2与发动机输出轴5联接起来、将第一太阳轮S1与中空的第一电机轴8联接起来、将第二太阳轮S2与第二电机轴9联接起来、以及将共同的行星架C与输出齿轮11联接起来,就可组成混合动力驱动单元。
[多轴多层电机的结构]
图2是一个纵向剖开的侧视图,表示了根据第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M。图3是纵向剖开的正视图,表示了第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M的1/3模型。图4A、4B以及图4C表示了一个复合(或组合)电流的各个分量,且该复合电流被通入到第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M的定子线圈中。
内转子IR具有其自身的内周面,利用压入(或冷缩配合)方法将该内周面固定到第一中空电机轴8制有台阶差的轴向末端部分上。如图3所示,在由叠层电磁钢片制成的(内)转子基体20(见图3)的轴向上,十二块内转子磁体21(永磁体)被埋入转子基体20中,对这些永磁体的排列要考虑到所形成的磁通。应当指出的是:呈字母V型构造的四个内转子永磁体21构成了一个磁极对,(内)转子基体20的整个圆周上形成了三个磁极对。定子S包括:定子齿叠层体41,在其上叠层而形成定子齿40;线圈绕组42;定子冷却剂流道43;内侧螺栓和螺帽44、外侧螺栓和螺帽45;以及非磁性的树脂材料层46。然后,定子S的前侧端部利用前表面一侧的端板47和定子固定壳体48固定到电机壳体2上。对于线圈42而言,线圈的匝数为18匝。如图3所示,通过将图3所示模型的工作重复执行三次,就在定子S的周面上设置了六相线圈。而后,将图4C所示的复合电流通入到一电源连接端50中,一位于直径方向的汇流排叠层体51、一供电连接器52、以及一汇流排径向方向叠层体53构成了一个逆变器(图中未示出)。复合电流是用于驱动内转子IR的三相交变电流与用于驱动外转子OR的六相交变电流的组合电流。外转子OR的外周面利用钎焊或粘接方法固定到外转子壳体62上。然后,将前表面侧的联接壳体63固定到外壳体62的前表面一侧上。一后表面侧的联接壳体64被固定到外转子壳体62的后表面上。第二电机轴9与后表面侧的联接壳体64利用花键连接起来。利用一个带有两个端部位置的空间,将十二块外转子磁体61(永磁体)沿轴向埋入,对这些永磁体进行排列时相对于转子的基体60考虑所形成的磁通,基体60是由叠层的电磁钢片制成的。两个外转子磁体61构成一个磁极对,整个圆周上的磁极对数为六。在图2中,采用了一对外转子轴承80和81来将外转子6支撑在电机壳体2和电机盖1上。附图标号80和81指代一对用于将外转子6支撑在电机壳体2和电机盖1上的电机外轴承。附图标号82指代一内转子轴承,其将内转子IR支撑在电机壳体2上。附图标号83指代一定子轴承,其用于将定子S支撑在外转子OR上,附图标号84指代一中间轴承,其间置在中空的第一电机轴8与第二电机轴9之间。此外,在图2中,一附图标号85指代一内转子解算器,其用于检测内转子IR的转角位置。附图标号86指代一外转子解算器,其用于检测外转子OR的转角位置。
[转子焊接部分的结构]
图5是一个1/3模型图,表示了第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M中转子焊接部分的结构。
内转子IR由叠层电磁钢片构成的转子基体20是利用三处激光焊接部分90(焊接部分)而结合成一体的,如图5所示,在(内)转子基体20面对着定子S内表面的外周表面上,三个激光焊接部分按照相等的间隔延伸着(间隔角为120度)。
由叠层电磁钢片构成的外转子OR的转子基体60是利用三处激光焊接部分91(焊接部分)而结合成一体的,在面对着外转子壳体62内表面的外周表面位置上,三个激光焊接部分91按照相等的间隔沿轴向进行延伸(间隔角为120度)。也就是说,激光焊接部分90和91激光焊道P之间的间隔是由如下的公式(1)给出的:
如果外转子OR的磁极对数为No,内转子IR的磁极对数为Ni,则计算:CM(360/Ni,360/No)(<360)……(1)。这个公式意味着计算出360/Ni和360/No的公倍数。由于在第一实施方式中,外转子OR具有六个磁极对,内转子IR具有三个磁极对,数值较大的磁极对数6相对于较小的磁极对数(3)具有这样的关系6=3×2。因此,按照上述的公式(1),公倍数为120和240,允许在外转子OR和内转子IR上存在三个焊接部分。在相对于各转子转动轴线的圆周方向上,只有120度的间隔角能使得焊接部分以相等的间隔对称地分布。
下面将对第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M的工作情况进行描述。
[多轴多层电机的基本功能]
由于被制成具有两种磁力线(外转子磁力线和内转子磁力线)的多轴多层电机M采用了两个转子和一个定子的形式,所以,线圈42以及与线圈42相连接的逆变器被内转子IR和外转子OR这两个转子共同地使用着。因而,如图4A到图4C所示,通过向单个定子S的线圈42供送一个复合电流,就能独立地控制两个转子IR和OR,其中的复合电流是由内转子IR的电流与外转子OR的电流叠加而成的。换言之,尽管在外观上只设置了单台多轴多层电机M,但该多轴多层电机M可被用作两种不同功能或相同功能的组合体,其中的两种功能是指电动机功能和发电机功能。因而,举例来讲,相比于安装一具有转子和定子的电动机、以及带有转子和定子的发电机两台机组的情况,多轴多层电机M的结构相当地紧凑,且从空间、成本和重量的角度考虑,其也是具有优势的。此外,由于线圈是被两个转子共用的,可避免由电流产生的损耗(铜损和开关损耗)。此外,还具有很高的选择自由度,以这样的方式,不仅能实现复合电流控制(电动机+发电机)使用模式,而且也可采用(发电机+发电机)的使用模式。例如,在本发明第一实施方式的情况下,在被用作混合动力车的驱动动力源的条件下,可根据车辆的行驶状况,从多种可选的工作形式中选用最为有效或效率最高的组合。
[电磁钢片的集成(组合)作用]
首先,由多个叠层电磁钢片构成旋转电机,以降低磁通所经过的磁通回路的涡流损耗。在此情况下,如果转子和定子是由合并到一起的多个叠层电磁钢片构成的,则需要一个夹具来将叠层的电磁钢片结合到一起,从而使组装转子和定子的工作变得困难。在确实要将电磁钢片结合(集成)到一起的情况下,采用了焊接或填嵌的方法来将叠层电磁钢片结合到一起。但是,如果磁通交变地穿过一个由焊接部分或填嵌部分围成的表面,则磁通变化产生的感应电流就会从焊接部分或填嵌部分中流过,这样就会产生符合焦耳定律的发热(下文称之为发热损耗)。这将影响电机效率的提高。举例来讲,如图6所示,在各个定子齿的外周面是由叠层电磁钢片构成的情况下,在叠层电磁钢片的外周端部上就形成了一条焊道100,因而,焊道100、最上方的电磁钢片101A以及最下方的电磁钢片101B就形成了一条电路。如果磁通交变地经过由焊道100围成的电路,则该电路中就会产生感应电流,从而出现发热损耗。
在另一方面,在第一实施方式中,在多轴多层电机M的圆周(环周)部分上、按照120度的等距间隔分别设置了三条激光焊接部分90、91。内转子具有三对N/S磁极。外转子具有六对磁极。也就是说,在120度的间隔内,存在内转子的一对N/S磁极和外转子的两对N/S磁极。因而,磁通穿过一个封闭的环路,该环路是由一对N/S磁极和两对N/S磁极构成的。如图5所示,在连接两激光焊接部分90的直线的左右两侧,全部磁通的积分值为零。此外,在连接两激光焊接部分91的直线的左右两侧,全部磁通的积分值也为零。因而,穿过由两激光焊接部分90、以及两激光焊接部分91围成区域的磁通量始终为零。这就意味着当多轴多层电机M工作和不工作时始终是这样。因而,不会产生感应电流。
这样就可将发热损耗限制在很小的数值上。从而使电机达到很高的效率。另外,焊接部分的数目小到了等于3(仅为3)。相应地可降低制造成本。此外,由于内转子IR和外转子OR被如上文所述那样分别结合成了一个整体,所以可容易地完成这两个转子的装配工作。下文中列举了第一实施方式的多轴多层电机M所实现的优点。
(1)在该旋转电机中,转子和定子中的至少之一是由叠层的电磁钢片构成的,并利用多个焊接部分将由电磁钢片构成的定子或转子结合成整体,焊接部分被安装在一些位置上,在这些位置的每一位置上,穿过由焊接部分所围成平面的磁通积分值都始终为零。因此,可抑制由感应电流导致的发热损耗,其中的感应电流是由磁通的变化而产生的。这样就可使电机实现很高的效率。
(2)每个转子上都设置有磁体21和61,这些磁体在转动轴线的方向上被埋入到转子基体(内转子基体和外转子基体)20和60中,转子基体是由叠层的电磁钢片制成的。转子由内转子IR和外转子OR构成,根据永磁体21和61的具体数目,内转子IR和外转子OR的磁极对数是不同的。定子S被间置在内转子IR和外转子OR之间。各个定子齿叠层体41被相互关联地组合到一起。利用激光焊接部分90和91将内转子IR和外转子OR分别集成(结合)成整体。激光焊接部分90、91的焊接部分的数目P被表达为公式(1)中所描述的关系:CM(360/Ni,360/No)<360。此外,焊接部分被相对于转动轴线以相等的间距布置在圆周方向上。因而,电机可达到很高的效率。此外,无须采用任何固定夹具,就能容易地完成内转子IR和外转子OR的组装工作。因而,由于焊接部分的数目较小,可降低制造成本。
(第二实施方式)
除了激光焊接部分90、91之外,第二实施方式的旋转电机与第一实施方式具有相同的结构。但是,在第二实施方式中,采用填嵌部分92、93来对内转子IR以及外转子OR进行整体组合,而取代了激光焊接部分90、91。也就是说,由叠层电磁钢片构成的内转子IR的转子基体20是利用三个填嵌部分92结合成一体的,从图7可见,这些填嵌部分基本上位于外转子OR的径向中间位置处,并在圆周方向上以相等的间距(每一间距为120度)沿轴向延伸。应当指出的是:由于其它结构与第一实施方式相同,此处将不对之作详细的描述和表示。穿过由两个填嵌部分92、92所围成区域的磁通量为零。因而,第二实施方式的作用与上文所述第一实施方式的作用相同。
下面将对第二实施方式的多轴多层电机M的优点进行描述。在第二实施方式的多轴多层电机M中,除了第一实施方式的优点(1)和(2)之外,还能实现如下的优点:
(3)利用填嵌部分92、93将由叠层电磁钢片构成的转子或定子结合成一体,从而取代了在焊接部分90、91处的焊接操作。因而,由于利用填嵌体从垂直方向上向叠层的电磁钢片施加了恒定的作用力,其中,填嵌体被事先制在电磁钢片上,以便于进行结合而形成转子或定子,相比于采用焊接的情况,制造步骤得以减少,制造成本显著降低。
(第三实施方式)
在旋转电机的第三实施方式中,定子S是由多个相互独立的定子齿叠层分体41构成的,这些叠层体沿着定子S的圆周面进行排列。通过将定子齿叠层部分体41′与另一个定子齿叠层部分体41′结合到一起,就可形成各个独立的定子齿叠层分体41。
详细来讲,如图8所示,两转子是由磁极对数不同的内转子IR和外转子OR构成的,磁极对数的不同取决于转动轴线方向上埋入的永磁体21和61的数目。定子S被间置在内转子IR和外转子OR之间。沿着圆周方向对十八个由叠层电磁钢片构成的、独立的定子齿叠层部分体41′(定子齿40)以及线圈42进行排列,以形成定子S。利用填嵌方法来将电磁钢片组合到一起(制出填嵌部分94和94来形成各个定子齿分体41′)。如上文所述那样,利用填嵌方法将电磁钢片合并起来。两填嵌部分94和94分别位于各个独立的定子齿叠层部分体41′的前内侧位置和同一独立定子齿分体(叠层体41′)的后内侧位置。如图8所示,分别位于同一独立定子齿分体41′前内侧位置和后内侧位置的两填嵌部分94之间的连线与磁通的方向平行。其它的结构与第一优选实施方式相同。因此,此处将略去详细的描述和表示。此外,穿过由填嵌部分94和94围成区域的磁通量为零,且穿过其它任意两填嵌部分94和94之间的磁通量也为零。因而,能实现与第一实施方式相同的功效。
下面将对第三实施方式的旋转电机的优点进行描述。在第三实施方式的多轴多层电机M中,除了第一实施方式的优点(1)之外,还能实现如下的优点:
(4)转子是由磁极对数不同的内转子IR和外转子OR构成的,磁极对数的不同取决于转动轴线方向上埋入的永磁体21和61的数目。定子S被间置在内转子IR和外转子OR之间,其由沿着圆周方向的十八个由叠层电磁钢片构成的、定子齿叠层分体41′以及线圈42构成。利用点焊部分94和94将电磁钢片组合到一起而形成各个定子齿分体41′。两填嵌部分94和94的焊接部分被设定在各个独立的定子齿分体41′的前内侧位置和后内侧位置,两焊接部分的连线平行于磁通的方向,由此使电机达到很高的效率。此外,无须采用任何固定夹具,能容易地完成对定子S的组装。应当指出的是:公式(1)也适用于第二实施方式中的填嵌部分。
如上所述,在第一到第三实施方式的基础上对根据本发明的旋转电机作了介绍。但本发明具体的结构并不仅限于这些实施方式。在不悖离权利要求书的保护范围以及本发明设计思想的前提下,可进行多种形式的改动和变型。
例如,在第一实施方式中,举例说明了一种作为旋转电机的多轴多层电机M,其被应用到混合动力驱动单元中。
按照第一实施方式与第二实施方式的组合方案、或按照第二、第三实施方式的组合方案,可利用焊接或填嵌方法对内转子IR、外转子OR、以及定子S这些组成部件执行整合处理。
第2003-205296号日本专利申请(在2003年8月1日提交)中的全部内容都被结合到本文中作为参考资料。本发明的范围是由后附的权利要求书限定的。

Claims (8)

1.一种旋转电机,其包括磁极对数不同的一个内转子(IR)和一个外转子(OR),各转子(IR,OR)的转子基体(20,60)由多个叠层的电磁钢片构成,通过多个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)将各个所述叠层的电磁钢片组合为一体而形成各所述转子(IR,OR)的转子基体(20,60),
其特征在于,
各转子(IR,OR)磁极对数的不同取决于永磁体的数目,所述永磁体在各转子(IR,OR)的转动轴线的方向上被埋入在所述叠层的电磁钢片中,
定子(S)被间置在所述内转子(IR)和所述外转子(OR)之间,
所述多个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)被设定成位于一些位置上,在这些位置上,磁通密度相对于由同一转子(IR,OR)的任何两个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)围成的平面的积分值始终为零,
所述永久性的结合部分是焊接部分(90,91)或者填嵌部分(92,93),并且相对于所述转动轴线以相等的间隔布置在每个转子的圆周方向上,以及
在各转子(IR,OR)的圆周方向上,所述永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)的位置的间隔对应于360°/Ni和360°/No的公倍数并且小于360°,其中
Ni是所述内转子(IR)的磁极对数,
No是所述外转子(OR)的磁极对数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
所述内转子(IR)具有三个磁极对,所述外转子(OR)具有六个磁极对,并且三个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)相对于所述转动轴线以相等的间隔布置在每个所述内转子(IR)和所述外转子(OR)的圆周方向上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
由所述叠层的电磁钢片构成的所述内转子(IR)的内转子基体(20)是利用所述焊接部分(90)结合成一体的,所述焊接部分(90)延伸在面对着所述定子(S)的内表面的所述内转子基体(20)的外周面上的一些位置处,以及
由所述叠层的电磁钢片构成的所述外转子(OR)的外转子基体(60)是利用所述焊接部分(91)结合成一体的,所述焊接部分(91)延伸在面对着外转子壳体(62)的内表面的所述外转子基体(60)的外周面上的一些位置处。
4.根据权利要求3所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
所述焊接部分(90,91)是激光焊接部分。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
所述定子(S)是由沿所述定子(S)的圆周方向排列的一些独立的定子齿分体(41′)和线圈(42)构成的,定子齿分体是由叠层的电磁钢片构成的,每个所述独立的定子齿分体(41′)都被永久性的结合部分(94)组合成一体,且所述永久性的结合部分(94)被设置在该独立的定子齿分体(41′)的多个位置上,这些位置的连线平行于磁通的方向。
6.根据权利要求5所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
所述永久性的结合部分(94)位于各个所述独立的定子齿分体(41′)的前内侧位置和后内侧位置上,并且各个所述独立的定子齿分体(41′)的前内侧位置与后内侧位置之间的连线平行于磁通的方向。
7.根据权利要求6所述的旋转电机,其特征在于,
所述定子(S)的所述永久性结合部分(94)是填嵌部分。
8.一种适用于旋转电机的方法,其包括步骤:
提供磁极对数不同的一个内转子(IR)和一个外转子(OR),设置多个叠层的电磁钢片以及利用多个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)将各个所述叠层的电磁钢片组合成一体,从而形成各所述转子(IR,OR)的转子基体,在各所述转子(IR,OR)的转动轴线的方向上将永磁体埋入相应转子的所述多个叠层的电磁钢片中,
磁极对数的不同取决于所述永磁体的数目,
其特征在于,所述方法还包括步骤:
将定子(S)间置在所述内转子(IR)和所述外转子(OR)之间,
对所述多个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)进行设置,以使它们位于一些位置上,在这些位置上,磁通密度相对于由同一所述转子(IR,OR)的任何两个永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)围成的平面的积分值始终为零,所述永久性的结合部分为焊接部分(90,91)或者填嵌部分(92,93)以及
将所述永久性的结合部分相对于所述转动轴线以相等的间隔布置在每个所述转子的圆周方向上,使得在各转子(IR,OR)的圆周方向上,所述永久性的结合部分(90,91,92,93)的位置的间隔对应于360°/Ni和360°/No的公倍数并且小于360°,其中
Ni是所述内转子(IR)的磁极对数,
No是所述外转子(OR)的磁极对数。
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