CN100563918C - 采用钻床和铣床形式的机床 - Google Patents

采用钻床和铣床形式的机床 Download PDF

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CN100563918C
CN100563918C CN200610111059.3A CN200610111059A CN100563918C CN 100563918 C CN100563918 C CN 100563918C CN 200610111059 A CN200610111059 A CN 200610111059A CN 100563918 C CN100563918 C CN 100563918C
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CN1915586A (zh
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J·康维卡
M·赖曼
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Mikron Comp Tec AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/64Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by the purpose of the movement
    • B23Q1/66Worktables interchangeably movable into operating positions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/012Portals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0816Foldable coverings, e.g. bellows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0891Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards arranged between the working area and the operator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/51Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5196Multiple station with conveyor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/30392Milling with means to protect operative or machine [e.g., guard, safety device, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/304536Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/306664Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307728Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work including gantry-type cutter-carrier
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00Tool changing
    • Y10T483/11Tool changing with safety means
    • Y10T483/115Guard
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00Tool changing
    • Y10T483/16Tool changing with means to transfer work

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

采用钻床和铣床形式的机床(1、1’),包括具有机床床身(2)以及侧壁(3、4)和门(5、6、7)的壳体(20),包括固定、枢转或转动的工作台(8、9),并且包括滑动件(10),滑动件能够在第一方向上运动,用于接收主轴头(11),所述主轴头能够在与所述第一方向大致垂直的方向上运动,用于接收刀具(12),所述门包括前门(5),用于在向上方向上增大所述机床的加工和装载区域(21),所述前门(5)是无横梁构造;机床(1、1’)的顶部区域(13)具有自动操作盖(16);机床(1、1’)的后部区域(22)具有整体式自动托盘更换器(14),且机床(1、1’)配有自动刀具更换器(15)。

Description

采用钻床和铣床形式的机床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特别是钻床和铣床的机床,机床包括具有机床床身以及侧壁和门的壳体,包括固定、枢转以或转动的工作台,并且包括滑动件,滑动件在y方向上运动以便接收主轴头,主轴头在x-z方向上运动,以便接收刀具。
背景技术
在EP0712682中,提出一种特别是钻床和铣床的机床,机床设置机床台座,在导轨上引导的马达驱动的纵向滑动件在台座上水平运动。具有用于至少一个刀具的转动驱动设备的加工头通过马达动力在至少一个另外运动方向上在纵向滑动件上运动。机床台座具有两个隔开的侧壁,纵向滑动件在侧壁上至少部分引导,并且侧壁之间的空间构造成加工区域。在两个侧壁的每个侧壁上设置用于至少一个枢转的工件夹具的连接点,两个连接点在形成枢转轴线的水平线上在与导轨的纵向横向地相互对准。在这种配置中,工件夹具容易接近并且容易维护,并且容易更换。例如切屑、润滑剂和冷却剂的加工残留物不能到达轴承和驱动装置,或者即使如此也非常困难。
构造成铣床的这种通用类型的机床从DE4203994中得知。在这种广泛应用的铣床中,滑动件在纵向上运动,并且加工头布置在滑动件上,使其垂直运动。横向的运动通过相应的从动工件台实现。其位于机床下部区域内的驱动机构必须以复杂方式进行保护,不受到例如切屑和润滑剂的影响。在工件台更大侧向偏转的情况下,即使由于其本身质量和工件质量以及刀具施加的力造成非常小的变形,也存在危险,使得实际上为了补偿该变形,工件台不是具有线性运动路径,而是具有几个千米半径的轨道式路径,从而使得高精度铣销加工得以进行。特别是用于高精度铣床中的工件台的运动设备由此变得非常复杂和昂贵。对于5轴加工来说,工件台和加工头必须另外进行枢转构造,这进一步增加了结构复杂性。
铣床还具有所谓的龙门构造,其中承载加工头的纵向滑动件在布置在机床台座的两个侧壁的顶侧上的两个平行导轨上引导。纵向滑动件在此情况下在两个导轨上通过四个引导元件引导。同样,对于5轴加工来说,任何的加工头以结构复杂的方式枢转构造,或者安装在机床台座上的底壁上的工件台必须枢转构造,由此在没有复杂和昂贵的密封措施的情况下,存在加工残留物、润滑剂和冷却剂进入工件台的驱动设备的危险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种所述通用类型的机床,其中给出托盘更换器和/或刀具更换器进行集成的可能性。壳体应该快速或方便地进行组装,以便确保被安装元件的快速更换。另外,机床必须能够同时加工大量和沉重的部件。
按照本发明,此目的通过如下事实来实现,即用于增大向上方向上的加工和装载区域的前门是无横梁构造,机床的顶部区域具有自动操作盖,机床的后部区域具有整体式自动托盘更换器,并且机床对应于自动刀具更换器。
该机床可构造成3轴或5轴配置。在按照本发明的机床中,具有整体式多托盘更换器、具有刀具更换器的刀具库。机床通常装备有高功率马达主轴。
按照特定优选的实施例,该机床具有构造成手风琴式部件的自动盖。
通过在机床顶部区域使用手风琴式部件,可以与无横梁的门相结合,形成用于装载大量部件的大空间。按照本发明,盖可以连接在滑动件上,和/或前门侧壁的上边缘上。手风琴式部件可在滑动件的帮助下折叠或展开,并且可以运动离开门侧,以便形成自由向上开启的门。
最好是,可平行于布置在机床内的导轨上的侧壁移动的自动托盘更换器结合在机床内。
由于自动托盘更换器,使得加工过程显著改进。自动托盘更换器可用于顺序加工,以便节省时间的目的。
按照特定优选实施例,托盘更换器具有至少两个机械、电子机械或液压致动支承件,以便接收托盘,支承件布置在可移动和转动的滑车上。
托盘更换器最好具有用于托盘的两个相对定位的接收固定件,托盘上具有将要加工的工件。在第一步骤中,托盘更换器以加工表面面向接收固定件的方式运动到加工台,并且将包含工件的托盘卸载到加工台上。在工件加工之后,滑车收集包含工件的托盘,运行返回,以空的接收固定件背向机床的方式收集包含将要加工的工件的另一托盘,接收固定件转动180度,以便一方面卸载包含加工后的工件的托盘,并另一方面将含有将要加工的工件的托盘放入机床的加工台。另外,自动操作托盘库可连接到托盘更换器上。
有利的是,机床对应于自动刀具更换器,自动刀具更换器用来经由机床壳体内的侧门更换刀具,刀具布置并收集在刀具库中,刀具库直接沿着机床布置。
按照本发明,机床构造成,使得加工期间工件和加工腔室的视线以及可接近性、托盘更换或刀具更换不受到限制。
附图说明
本发明的示例性实施例表示在附图中,并且在下面更加详细地描述,附图中:
图1表示3轴构造的机床;
图2表示5轴构造的机床;
图3-6表示结合在机床多个位置上的托盘更换器;
图7表示机床的内部,其中用于刀具更换器的门闭合;以及
图8表示机床的内部,其中用于刀具更换器的门开启。
机床(5轴)1’、机床(3轴)1、机床床身2、左侧壁3、右侧壁4、前门5、后门6、侧门7、加工台(固定)8、加工台(枢转和转动)9、滑动件10、主轴头11、刀具12、顶部区域13、托盘更换器14、刀具更换器15、盖16、上边缘17、支承件18、支承件19、壳体20、加工和装载区域21、后部机床区域22、前门侧壁23、导轨24、托盘25、刀具库26、滑车27、箱体28、控制台29、监视器30、后门侧壁31、导轨32、臂33、上部区域34、门引导件35、横杆36、液压配置37、齿形带38、前部区域39、箱体40。
具体实施方式
图1表示3轴构造的机床1。图2表示5轴构造的机床1’。两个机床1和1’的参考标号具有相同含义。壳体20包括左侧壁3和右侧壁4以及包含前门5和后门6的前门侧壁23和后门侧壁31。前门5构造成两件式的滑动门,门引导件35位于前门侧壁23的下部区域39,并且前门侧壁23的上部区域34空置。因此形成用于大尺寸部件的自由装载区域21。在上部的顶部区域13内设置作为局部顶部盖的手风琴式部件以及横杆36。横杆36可拆卸地连接在前门侧壁23的上边缘17上。手风琴式部件通过滑动件10折叠或展开。后门6构造成倾斜门,并且用来供应通过布置在后机床区域22内的自动托盘更换器14(图1和2中未示出)输送的托盘。滑动件10沿着侧壁3和4的导轨32在y方向上运动。在滑动件10上,带有刀具12的主轴头11可移动地布置在x和z方向上。壳体20包围包含图1的固定加工台8和图2的枢转台9的机床床身2。在图1中,用于机床电子元件的箱体28布置在机床侧面。机床经由控制台29控制,控制台设置监视器30。在壳体20的右侧壁4内设置用于刀具更换器入口的侧门7。图2所示的机床1’表示用作刀具库26的箱体40。刀具通过刀具更换器(在图1和1’中未示出)输送到主轴头11。
在图3-6中,表示结合在机床中托盘更换器14。滑车27在平行于机床1的侧壁3和4的导轨24上运动,导轨24通过构造成倾斜门的后门6引导。在滑车27的中央布置液压设备37,该设备分别操作两个向前和向后指向的支承件18和19,其方式是将要输送和更换的托盘25升高和降低或转动。滑车通过齿形带38驱动。图3表示滑车17,其中空的支承件18和19位于机床1的后门6之前。在图4中,后门6开启,滑车27和空支承件19一起在加工台9的方向上运动,以便收集托盘25。在图5中,支承件19的臂33到达托盘25之下。在图6中,托盘25表示成准备通过液压升高支承件19输送离开。在外部,滑车27和支承件18和19可转动180度,并且新托盘可例如通过颠倒的过程供应到加工台9。
图7和8表示位于机床1’的侧壁4内的侧门7。此侧门7用来供应刀具更换器15。向上倾斜门在图7中闭合。在图8中,刀具更换器15伸入机床空间21,以便从刀具库26中收集刀具,并且使其输送到主轴头11。
与本发明的机床相关的优点在于特别是提供一种紧凑的机床,经过托盘更换器和刀具更换器的结合,该机床适用于快速更换托盘和刀具,同时保持工件的视线不受限制。托盘更换器或刀具更换器都不限制操作者接近加工腔室。另外,托盘更换器可方便地连接到托盘库。此外由于特殊的顶部构造,可以将大部件输送到加工腔室,并且以高精度进行加工。

Claims (8)

1.采用钻床和铣床形式的机床(1、1’),包括具有机床床身(2)以及侧壁(3、4)和门(5、6、7)的壳体(20),包括固定、枢转或转动的工作台(8、9),并且包括滑动件(10),滑动件能够在第一方向上运动,用于接收主轴头(11),所述主轴头能够在与所述第一方向大致垂直的方向上运动,用于接收刀具(12),其中,
所述门包括前门(5),用于在向上方向上增大所述机床的加工和装载区域(21),所述前门(5)是无横梁构造;
机床(1、1’)的顶部区域(13)具有自动操作盖(16);
机床(1、1’)的后部区域(22)具有整体式托盘更换器(14),且
机床(1、1’)配有自动刀具更换器(15)。
2.如权利要求1所述的机床,其特征在于,所述自动操作盖(16)构造成手风琴式部件。
3.如权利要求2所述的机床,其特征在于,所述自动操作盖(16)可拆卸地连接到滑动件(10)上,和/或前门侧壁(23)的上边缘(17)上。
4.如上述权利要求任一项所述的机床,其特征在于,所述托盘更换器(14)具有滑车(27),滑车可在布置在机床(1、1’)内的导轨(24)上平行于侧壁(3、4)移动。
5.如权利要求4所述的机床,其特征在于,所述托盘更换器(14)具有至少两个机械、电子机械或液压致动的支承件(18、19),以便接收托盘(25),支承件布置在可移动安装的滑车(27)上,使支承件可升高、降低和转动。
6.如权利要求5所述的机床,其特征在于,所述托盘更换器(14)可连接到自动托盘库上。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的机床,其特征在于,在加工、托盘更换或刀具更换期间,工件和所述机床的加工腔室的视线和可接近性不受到限制。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的机床,其特征在于,用于机床(1、1’)操作的自动刀具更换器(15)可经由机床(1、1’)的壳体(20)内的侧门(7)引入,以便更换刀具(12),刀具(12)可从直接沿着机床(1、1’)布置的刀具库(26)取出。
CN200610111059.3A 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 采用钻床和铣床形式的机床 Active CN100563918C (zh)

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