CN100540077C - 带针栓后退限制机构的预充式注射器 - Google Patents

带针栓后退限制机构的预充式注射器 Download PDF

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CN100540077C
CN100540077C CNB038100916A CN03810091A CN100540077C CN 100540077 C CN100540077 C CN 100540077C CN B038100916 A CNB038100916 A CN B038100916A CN 03810091 A CN03810091 A CN 03810091A CN 100540077 C CN100540077 C CN 100540077C
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羽藤精一
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Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种预充式注射器,其不会发生由于误操作使针栓后退而针筒内的注射液封入区域的注射液与注射液非封入区域的面接触的污染而造成的医疗过失。为防止由于针栓(14)后退导致在针筒(12)的注射液封入区域(32)内充填的注射液(L)与注射液非封入区域(34)的面接触,设置通过针筒(12)和针栓(14)卡合来限制该针筒后退的后退限制部件(48)、(54)。

Description

带针栓后退限制机构的预充式注射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种预先充填注射液的注射器(预充式注射器),更具体地说,涉及一种设置用于防止预先充填的注射液被污染的机构的预充式注射器。
背景技术
预充式注射器通常在无菌状态下向针筒内填充注射液以及插入设定(推出注射液用针栓的)滑动栓,其后,从无菌环境取出并向滑动栓安装针栓杆,贴标签,包装该注射器等。
注射液有包装后通过高压灭菌器等加热而最终灭菌的注射液,也有不能加热灭菌的注射液,充填这样的注射液的注射器要考虑到在从无菌环境取出后细菌等开始附着。即,该状态下,仅由设置在针筒内的(注射管的)滑动栓密封的注射液密封用空间是无菌状态,即使例如在针筒的内面,滑动栓后面的部分直到使用预充式注射器也有可能粘附某些细菌等。
因此,在这样的预备式填充液注射中,使滑动栓向后移动,注射液有可能被附着在针筒内面的细菌等污染的危险。以往,为回避这种危险只能靠操作预充式注射器的医生、护士等的注意别无他法。但是,现实中,一般充分认为医生和护士等造成误操作,但即使误操作导致注射液被污染,由此发生医疗过失,也难以认定是预充式注射器的误操作造成的后果,因此,不能明确地认定这样的问题的所在。
在本发明中提供一种认识到这种问题的所在,完全不必担心针栓的误操作导致注射液污染从而造成医疗过失的注射器。
发明内容
本发明提供的预充式注射器,其包含:针筒,其包含具有用于排出注射液的小孔的封闭前端壁及后端开口;针栓,其具有以液密状态与该针筒的内面卡合并将该针筒内部区分为向与所述封闭前端壁之间注入注射液的注射液封入区域和位于该注射液封入区域后方的注射液非封入区域滑动栓和从该滑动栓通过所述针筒的后端开口向后延伸的杆;突缘,其安装在所述针筒的后端开口上,从所述后端开口向针筒内延伸规定的长度,通过将该突缘的一部分与所述针栓的一部分卡合,来限制该针栓的后退并防止注射液与所述针筒的所述注射液非封入区域的表面接触。
具体地,针栓后退限制部件可安装在针筒的后端开口,从该开口向针筒内延伸规定长度,通过与欲后退的针栓的滑动栓卡合,阻止限制该针栓后退。
另外,针栓后退限制部件成为设置在针筒的后端开口并从该开口的周边缘沿径向向内延伸具有成为容许针栓杆通过的大小的杆用开口的环状的后退限制突缘,针栓设置从所述杆沿径向向外延伸的卡合部件,通过该卡合部件与所述后退限制突缘卡合,限制该针栓后退。
这时,可通过将卡合部件的外周面的至少一部分与针筒的内周面接近,而稳定地进行针栓的推出操作。另外,卡合部件对应所充填注射液的量,可适宜地调整其向杆的安装位置。
另外,在其他实施例中,卡合部件形成为在其外周面设置阳螺纹的圆筒状部件,与此相对,针栓后退限制部件设置在针筒的后端开口,从该开口的周边沿径向向内延伸,形成划定形成其内周面对应针栓后退限制部件的大小的开口的环状突缘,该突缘的内周面上可形成与上述阳螺纹啮合的阴螺纹。在该注射器中,若针栓从设定位置后退规定长度,通过卡合部件与针栓后退限制部件卡合,阻止其后退,但是可通过将该卡合部件的阳螺纹和针栓后退部件的阴螺纹卡合而旋转,使其再后退。
另外,卡合部件形成为从针栓杆的规定部位向斜后方突出的板簧状部件,当通过杆用开口使该杆插入针筒内时,被杆用开口的面弯曲,通过该开口,通过后恢复原状,可形成针栓后退限制功能。
另外,卡合部件形成为从针筒杆沿径向向外突出的部件,在后退限制突缘的杆用开口上形成用于使该卡合部件通过的凹部,通过使卡合部件通向凹部,可解除针栓的后退限制功能。
附图说明
图1是表示涉及本发明的预充式注射器的第一实施例的侧剖面图;
图2是表示第二实施例的侧剖面图;
图3是表示第三实施例的侧剖面图;
图4是表示第四实施例的示意图;
图5是表示第五实施例的示意图;
图6是表示第六实施例的示意图及表示后退限制针栓侧面的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图说明本发明的预充式注射器的实施例。
图1是表示涉及本发明的预充式注射器10的第一实施例。如图所示,该预充式注射器10包含有圆筒状的针筒12和插入该针筒内的针栓4。针筒其前端上具有设置用于排出注射液的小孔(没作图示)的前端壁16,其后端具有收纳针栓14的开口18,在前端壁16的外侧面,安装针筒前端乳头部20。针栓14包括在其前端可在针筒12内滑动的滑动栓22和从该滑动栓通过针筒后端的开口18延伸到外部的杆24。图1表示已作成的未使用的预充式注射器。在该状态下,滑动栓22把针筒12内划分成封入注射液L的注射液封入区域32和位于其后的注射液非封入区域34。在图示的例中,滑动栓22整体成圆筒状,在其圆周外面设置在轴线方向上隔开规定间隔的三个环状的突缘26、28、30,通过该突缘与该针筒12的内面可密封液体地接触,形成在与针筒前端壁16之间封入注射液L的注射液封入区域32,因此,此时的注射液封入区域32形成在右侧的突缘30与前端壁16之间;注射液非装入区域34形成在该突缘30与针筒的后端壁18之间。
如图所示,在针筒的后端开口18上设置限制针栓14后退的后退限制部件36,该限制部件含有接触后端开口18的边缘的环状基板40、从该基板向针筒前端方向沿该针筒外周面延伸的外侧筒状部42以及比该外侧筒状部长且沿该针筒的内周面延伸的内侧筒状部44。该限制部件通过由外侧及内侧筒状部42、44夹持针筒侧壁固定在该针筒上。
内侧筒状44其前端缘距滑动栓22的后端面距离d,因此,滑动栓22可从图示的设定位置只后移距离d,若后移距离d,则与后退限制部件36的内侧筒状部44的前端缘接触,阻止其进一步后退。该距离d比从右侧的突缘30与针筒内周面可密封液体地接触的位置至滑动栓的前端壁(严格地说左侧的突缘26与针筒内侧面液密地接触的位置)的距离D小,所以即使滑动栓后退,注射液L也不会与注射液非封闭领域的内面接触。
另外,在上述预充式注射器中,针栓14、后退限制部件36可通过将聚丙烯、聚乙烯等普通树脂喷射成形制成,另外,滑动栓22最好由橡胶等成形。
图2表示本发明的预充式注射器10的另一实施例。
即,在该预充式注射器中,在圆筒状的针筒12的后端环状的后退限制突缘48与针筒一体成形,由其内周缘形成用于使针栓杆通过的杆用开口。另外,在突缘48的内周缘上的直径方向相对的位置上形成一对凹部50、52。与此相对,在针栓杆24上设置从滑动栓22的后面向后方延伸的后退限制部件54。该后退限制部件54形成对应设置于针筒的后退限制突缘48上的凹部50、52的形状,形成可通过该凹部的尺寸,当完成向针筒充填注射液L和装填滑动栓后,在使后退限制部件54通向一个凹部50、52同时,将针栓杆24插入针筒内,使得该杆的前端与滑动栓22连结。在后退限制部件54的后端与后退限制突缘48的内侧面之间与图1的实施例一样设置D>d的间隔d。
图3表示本发明的预充式注射器10的又一实施例。
该预充式注射器,与图2所示的不同,后退限制突缘56与针筒12形成单独的两个部件,安装于在针筒后端沿半径方向向外一体成形的突缘58上。该后退限制突缘56如日本专利2814983号和2845426号等公开的突缘防脱部件,形成由隔开从前后夹着针筒的突缘58的间隔而设定的前后环状板80、82构成的整体的环状,并且在该环状的一部分设置沿径向延伸的狭缝,使该后退限制突缘56与针筒12的轴线成直角,通过使狭缝与针筒的突缘58的配合压附在该针栓杆上,针栓杆通过狭缝进入后退限制突缘56的内部固定。
针栓杆24上的圆盘状的后退限制部件76在从后退限制突缘56的外侧环状板82离开距离d的位置安装在针栓杆24上。在该实施例中,对应填充在该预充式注射器内的注射液的容量,通过使后退限制部件固定在沿针栓杆24的轴向的适当位置上可将该后退限制部件76设定得离开后退限制突缘的外侧环状板82所要求的距离d。该实施例中的后退限制部件76不限于圆盘状,也可形成例如扇形,无论哪种形状,通过将其外周边缘与针筒内面接近都能使针栓14在针筒12内稳定地推进。
图4表示预充式注射器的再一实施例。
即,在该预充式注射器10中,与图3的后退限制突缘56相同的后退限制突缘64安装于在针筒12的后端沿径向向外一体形成的突缘58上。与图3的实施例所不同的是,在形成于后退限制突缘64的内周缘上的杆用开口上形成阴螺纹66,与此对应,包含与所述阴螺纹螺纹啮合的阳螺纹68的后退限制部件70安装在针栓杆24上。
在后退限制部件70的后面与后退限制突缘64(的外侧环状板)的前面之间设置与图1的实施例相同的满足D>d关系的间隔d。当针栓14从其设定位置后退d时,后退限制部件70与后退限制突缘64卡合,阻止进一步后退。通过使后退限制部件70的阳螺纹68与后退限制突缘的阴螺纹66啮合而旋转可使该针栓14进一步后退,从针筒12抽出。
图5表示预充式注射器的另一实施例。该预充式注射器10与图3所示的类似,但安装在针栓杆24上的后退限制部件72形成从该杆24向斜后方突起的板簧状。即,当使针栓杆24通过形成于后退限制突缘56上的圆形杆用开口而插入针筒内时,板簧状后退限制部件72以被该开口的边缘阻弯的状态通过,但在通过后的阶段,如图所示,其向斜后方突出。该针栓从其设定位置向后移动d时,后退限制部件72的后端顶上后退限制突缘56阻止该针栓进一步后退。
如图6所示的预充式注射器大致与如图2所示的相同,但在可拆卸地设于针筒12的后端的后退限制突缘56(图例中形成椭圆形)的杆用开口上形成的凹部90只有一个,通过使后退限制部件54经过该凹部,使该针栓杆24插入针筒12内,还可从针筒拨出。
产业上利用的可能性。
本发明的预充式注射器具备上述的结构,通过简单的结构可以可靠地防止因误操作造成针栓的不应有的后退。当针栓自设定位置不慎后退时,在针筒内的注射液封入区域内密封的注射液有可能与针筒内的非封入区域的面(有可能粘附细菌等)接触而被污染,但是在本发明中,能够完全不必担心这种情况,因此,可防止因这样的污染造成医疗过失。
当欲防止这样的细菌造成的污染时,包装制成的预充式注射器后,虽然也有利用高压灭菌器进行加热灭菌的方法,但是也存在通过加热不能灭菌的注射液,对于充填这样的注射液的填充式注射器不能避免注射液污染的危险,但是本发明对这样的预充式注射器特别有效。
另外,即使对于封入适于加热灭菌的注射液的预充式注射器,加热灭菌操作增加设备费和制造成本。在这一点上,根据本发明,不必花费这种成本的操作就可提供安全的预充式注射器,极其有利。

Claims (9)

1.一种预充式注射器,其具有:针筒,其包含具有用于排出注射液的小孔的封闭前端壁及后端开口;针栓,其具有以液密状态与该针筒的内面卡合并将该针筒内部区分为向与所述封闭前端壁之间注入注射液的注射液封入区域和位于该注射液封入区域后方的注射液非封入区域滑动栓和从该滑动栓通过所述针筒的后端开口向后延伸的杆;突缘,其安装在所述针筒的后端开口上,从所述后端开口向针筒内延伸规定的长度,通过将该突缘的一部分与所述针栓的一部分卡合,来限制该针栓的后退并防止注射液与所述针筒的所述注射液非封入区域的表面接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的预充式注射器,所述突缘是环状的后退限制突缘,该后退限制突缘成为设置在所述针筒的后端开口并从该开口的周边缘沿径向向内延伸具有成为容许针栓杆通过的大小的杆用开口的环状,所述针栓具有从所述杆沿径向向外延伸的卡合部件,通过该卡合部件与所述后退限制突缘卡合,限制该针栓后退。
3.如权利要求2所述的预充式注射器,其设定成所述卡合部件的外周面的至少一部分与所述针筒的内周面接近。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的预充式注射器,其所述卡合部件形成为与针栓的所述杆成直角地设置的板状部件,可固定在该杆的轴线方向的所要求的位置。
5.如权利要求2所述的预充式注射器,其所述卡合部件形成为在其外周面设置阳螺纹的圆筒状部件,在所述后退限制突缘的所述杆用开口上形成与所述阳螺纹啮合的阴螺纹。
6.如权利要求2所述的预充式注射器,其所述卡合部件是从针栓的所述杆的规定部位向斜后方突出的板簧状部件,当通过所述杆用开口使该杆插入针筒内时,被杆用开口的面弯曲,通过该开口,通过后恢复原状。
7.如权利要求2所述的预充式注射器,其所述卡合部件是从针栓的所述杆沿径向向外突出的部件,在所述后退限制突缘的杆用开口上形成用于使该卡合部件通过的凹部。
8.如权利要求1至3、5至7的任意一项所述的预充式注射器,其将所述滑动栓上与所述针筒的内面在液密状态下接触的外周面的最接近所述针筒的封闭前端壁的部分和离该封闭前端壁最远的部分之间的距离设为D,将所述针栓从设定位置后退直到由卡合所述突缘而阻止后退的距离设为d,且使D>d。
9.如权利要求4所述的预充式注射器,其将所述滑动栓上与所述针筒的内面在液密状态下接触的外周面的最接近所述针筒的封闭前端壁的部分和离该封闭前端壁最远的部分之间的距离设为D,将所述针栓从设定位置后退直到由卡合所述突缘而阻止后退的距离设为d,且使D>d。
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