CN100512770C - 在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置 - Google Patents

在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置 Download PDF

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CN100512770C
CN100512770C CNB2005800049591A CN200580004959A CN100512770C CN 100512770 C CN100512770 C CN 100512770C CN B2005800049591 A CNB2005800049591 A CN B2005800049591A CN 200580004959 A CN200580004959 A CN 200580004959A CN 100512770 C CN100512770 C CN 100512770C
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Abstract

一种在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置,其由生物相容性材料制成,包括具有一对腿部(20,30)和一对臂部(6,7)的细长模块件(10),该对腿部通过本体部分(4)而彼此连接在一起。腿部(20,30)可在胸骨侧面装配到患者胸廓的肋间空隙内,并可在装配到其中后在胸廓内侧向彼此相对的方向弯折。从本体部分(4)的一侧延伸至另一侧且与一对腿部(20,30)垂直的臂部(6,7)分别构成用于连续模块件的棱柱形连接器的阳部件和阴部件。

Description

在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置。
背景技术
中央胸骨切开术是心脏外科手术领域中非常常见的手术。用锯或其它切割装置锯开患者的胸骨或其一部分。当整个胸骨被锯成两半时,两半胸骨彼此横向打开,从而可暴露出胸腔纵隔结构。由此,在胸腔内形成大开口,其使得医生能够对心脏和大血管进行最佳外科接触,患者也可很好地耐受。
一旦手术完成,要将两半胸骨再次连接在一起。传统上,采用几种方式进行胸骨闭合以确保胸骨的稳定性及患者的康复,例如Mersilene纤维、钢丝、金属和塑料带、镍钛诺夹等。目前最常用的方法是采用缠绕胸骨穿过肋间空隙的钢丝。
然而,无论中央胸骨切开术还是目前的方法都不能避免并发症。通常由于胸骨的不稳定性而导致的胸骨创伤并发症包括从可导致不适及相关呼吸失调的长期胸部疼痛,直到具有感染和纵隔炎危险的创口裂开。
美国专利4,583,541已提出一种用于使切开的胸骨保持闭合的胸骨稳定器。这种稳定器基本上由单个带状件组成,该单个带状件适于纵向地且居中地覆盖在患者分开胸骨的前表面上。这种带状件设有多对通孔。多个金属丝从形成在胸骨中的与带状件通孔同心的胸骨后表面通孔延伸穿过,并且在中央凹槽中绑束或绞扭在一起。上述专利想要克服中央胸骨切开术后出现的并发症所带来的问题。这些问题包括金属丝折断、金属丝穿透皮肤(例如当患者减肥时)、两半胸骨分开、胸骨不能愈合、感染和疏松的或不稳定的两半胸骨。
上述想要保护胸骨稳定器的专利中的胸骨稳定器由于需要使胸骨中的孔和带状件的孔配合在一起而使其功能受到限制,与该专利不同,本发明的目的在于为一半胸骨或两半胸骨形成部分或全部加固,这是考虑到胸骨切开手术更常在年纪较大的患者身上实行,这些年纪较大患者的骨骼系统的强度随时间变得越来越差。
因此,本发明的一个目的是制造一种适用于胸骨闭合的装置,其为半胸骨以及胸骨的前部和后部提供侧面加固。
本发明的另一个目的是进行类似于可通过金属丝捆绑完成的胸骨闭合,没有金属丝在胸骨上产生摩擦的任何危险,这种摩擦会产生随后的损害以及后续的部分或完全骨折和金属丝松动。
本发明的又一个目的是能够使受部分或全部胸骨骨折影响的部分闭合,这些骨折是初步手术后继发的。
本发明的又一个目的是特别是在无需分离同时形成的任何粘连的情况下使半胸骨在胸骨裂开的手术过程中闭合,其中分离粘连会造成对心脏和任何替代管(bypass)以及相关导管损伤的高风险。
本发明的又一个目的是加固可由传统方法再次闭合的胸骨,而传统方法闭合胸骨具有由于老化或变性过程(如骨质疏松症)而导致还患有糖尿病、呼吸功能不全或肥胖症的患者或者已进行中央旁胸骨切开术的患者出现并发症的风险。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供一种在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置,其特征在于,该装置包括至少一个细长模块件,所述模块件设计成位于胸骨前边缘的表面部分上并设有第一和第二连接部件,所述细长模块件的所述第一连接部件适于与前一细长模块件的第二连接部件连接,所述细长模块件的所述第二连接部件适于与下一细长模块件的第一部件连接,每个细长模块件还设有设计成装配到邻近胸骨侧边的肋间空隙内的突出部分。
附图说明
本发明将结合附图参照其两个优选实施例进行描述,附图中:
图1示出板坯的平面图,该板坯的形状形成为获得根据本发明的胸骨加固装置的第一实施例;
图2示出由图1中板坯获得的细长件形式的胸骨加固装置的透视图;
图3示出具有三个与图2中所示相同的细长件的胸骨加固装置的透视图,这三个细长件相互顺序地接合在一起;
图4示出板坯的平面图,该板坯的形状形成为用于获得根据本发明的胸骨加固装置的第二实施例;
图5示出由图4中板坯获得的细长件形式的胸骨加固装置的透视图;
图6示出图5中胸骨加固装置在绘图纸上旋转90度的侧立面图;
图7示出图6中胸骨加固装置的顶视平面图;
图8示出图6中胸骨加固装置的端视平面图;
图9示出根据本发明的固定夹板的平面图;
图10示出具有三个与图5中所示相同的细长件的胸骨加固装置的透视图,这三个细长件相互顺序地接合在一起并且还设有图9所示的固定夹板(部分示出);和
图11示出根据本发明的加固装置的图解透视图,其中加固装置双侧地装配到胸骨内。
具体实施方式
参照附图,图1平面图中所示出的是半完成状态下的根据本发明的装置的第一实施例,即冲压板坯形式(全部平放在绘图纸的平面内)。该加固装置可由生物相适性材料板制成,如不锈钢,该板通过冲压或其它切割处理(如放电机加工或激光切割等)加工成形为模块化细长件。材料的机械和工艺性能被选择以确保适合该装置的机械加工特性、功能性和实用性。显然,加固装置可由机加工以及铸造获得,或者由非金属材料以及由不同的加工方法获得。
细长模块件1以这样的方式被成形,即,小的本体部分4在细长模块件1的中间位置被制成角撑板的形式。本体部分4与模块件1的中央部分5邻接,二者之间设有弯折线l4。边缘2,3形成在本体部分4的侧向,且分别沿折叠线l2,l3与本体部分4毗连,但与中央部分5间隔开。
模块件1具有臂部6,7形式的连接部件,相对于中央部分5,臂部6,7中的一个向一个方向延伸,另一个向相反方向延伸。具有扁平矩形横截面轮廓的臂部6向其自由端8稍稍渐缩。臂部7横向延伸出鳍部9,9,鳍部9,9可借助于成对平行弯折线2l9,2l10双摺地弯折。
图1中的冲压板坯在图2的透视图中示出为处于备用的竖立状态。在该图中,本体部分4示出为垂直向下弯折,仿佛它穿透绘图纸,而且本体部分4的侧平行边缘2和3大体上成直角向外弯,以形成适于保持夹紧装置(将在下面描述)的U形横截面。
鳍部9,9双摺地弯折以形成所谓的通道中空轮廓横截面。鳍部9,9借助于成对平行弯折线2l9,2l10被相对于绘图纸向上(如图2和3所示)或向下(如后面图5,6,7,8,10和11所示)弯折,而后弯折成平行于绘图纸。显然,选择鳍部9,9向上还是向下弯折以形成中空横截面,可根据在第一种情况下安装该装置时更舒适的使用,和在第二种情况下一旦该装置安装到位该装置有更精整的前表面,以及通过其它易于理解的情况来选择。
在图3中,本发明的胸骨加固装置示出为由三个根据第一实施例的细长模块件按照它们的组装步骤组成的单元。这样,该单元将如图11中的图解透视图所示被安装。细长模块件通常以1指示并由多个带有下标的11,12,...,1n来区分,n一般最多等于4。
如图3所示,细长模块件11,12,13通过棱柱滑动连接器顺序连接在一起,从而模块件11的阳臂部6装配到相邻模块件12的阴臂部7内,且后者的阳臂部6装配到相邻模块件13的阴臂部内。细长模块件11和12完全相互贯穿,其中一个模块件的阴部件的端部靠到另一个模块件的突出边缘2上。模块件13示出为与其它模块件隔开。
本体部分4的尺寸适于使其能够装配到任何患者的肋间空隙内。另一方面,臂部6,7的纵向尺寸及其相互滑动量选择为允许其中一个细长件与相邻的细长件间隔开,从而它们可被调整以适合患者任何肋骨宽度。换句话说,模块件可与相邻模块件间隔开使本体部分装配到相应肋间空隙中而所需要的量,而不用使模块件的相互接触松动。
参照图4,其中以平面图示出类似图1装置的根据本发明模块化装置第二实施例,该模块化装置整体以10指示。
为清楚起见,在描述第二实施例时,类似的附图标记和符号用于指示与第一实施例相同或类似的部件。第二实施例与第一实施例的不同之处在于,边缘2,3从本体部分4延伸而形成腿部20,30。
图4中的冲压板坯在图5的透视图中示出为处于备用的竖立状态。其中本体部分4示出为向下垂直弯折,仿佛其穿透绘图纸,且两个侧向腿部20和30向外大体弯折90度。与第一实施例相同,鳍部9,9弯折形成通道状横截面。相反旋转的箭头F指示侧向腿部20,30可向相反方向弯,以使其自身靠到对应于各肋骨的胸廓内表面上,从而形成合适的夹紧。因此,制造加固装置的材料必须是适合于只由手就可弯折的材料。
本发明的第二实施例在图6至8中示出为三个正交视图。应当意识到,图7也是第一实施例的平面图。为避免重复,对图6至8不再进行详细描述。在图9中示出与本发明第二实施例结合使用的固定夹板12的平面图。固定夹板12设有槽13,其尺寸适于使腿部20,30可穿过其中。在固定夹板12的一侧有金属丝引导槽口14。
安装时,通过将模块件的阳臂部6装配到相邻模块件的阴臂部7中,多个细长模块件101,102,...,10n被连接在一起,如已在第一实施例中说明的。
当达到足够数量的细长加固件时,就可通过不完全地装配阴阳臂部进行胸廓内的安装,这是为了适应肋间空隙。在图10中,示出如何将固定夹板12的腿部20,30沿箭头G-G的方向进行装配,以在将所述腿部沿箭头F-F方向旋转之前形成内部较大的夹紧。
如图11所示,两列细长加固件从胸廓前面装配到遭受胸骨切开术或部分骨折的胸骨的前缘部分上。图11表示的是第二实施例,但它也可以表示第一实施例。如果存在腿部20,30,一旦进行装配,它们就如箭头F所指示以与锚定到胸廓内部的方向相反的方向进行弯折。腿部20,30可在固定夹板12已装配后弯折,这会产生胸廓内更佳的应力分布。最后,所述两列加固装置由在每个本体部分4的边缘2,3之间穿过的金属丝15锁定。虽然图中未示出,本体部分4可适当地弯折,以形成用于已受向外弯折的侧向边缘2,3限制的金属丝14的中央引导表面。
这样,加固装置可只安装在需要它的地方。绑束的金属丝由加固装置包围,就不会产生由于金属丝松动引起的胸骨裂开或其它并发症的危险,例如在正常胸廓呼吸运动中胸骨金属丝的摩擦。
凭借根据本发明的特定加固装置,可以闭合胸骨,除了通过传统的金属丝,还可通过胶带和带子,这些可以适当地容纳在本体部分4的边缘2,3之间。
细长件可采用需要数量,并一起形成单个加固组。虽然在图11中,细长件位于胸骨的两侧以完全对其进行加固,也可采用较少数量的细长件以仅加固或部分加固一半胸骨或两半胸骨。
在胸骨处于不需要加固装置的良好状态的情形下,可避免采用加固装置。
本领域技术人员将会理解,对如前所述的装置可进行修改和变化。虽然在所描述和示出的实施例中,连接部件形成为棱柱连接器,它们可在一个细长件和另一个细长件之间形成不同形式的连接器,其或者是可移动的或者是可调整的。例如,可选择至少两个销钉形式的连接器,两个销钉从细长件向上伸出并可在相邻细长件的槽内移动。部件的形状也可以不同。例如,本体部分可以设置成相对于其它细长件不成角状,但具有与胸骨侧面结构相配合的凸度。对该装置的所有修改,如果存在的话,均不是意在使该装置脱离附加权利要求书所提出的本发明的范围。

Claims (14)

1、一种在胸骨切开术或胸骨骨折后所采用的胸骨加固装置,该装置包括至少一个适于用作加固组的一个单元的细长件(1;10),该细长件(1;10)设计成位于胸骨前纵向边缘的表面部分上且设有第一和第二连接部件(6,7),所述细长件(1;10)的所述第一连接部件(6)适于与沿着胸骨前纵向边缘的所述加固组的前一细长件的第二连接部件(7)连接,所述细长件的所述第二连接部件(7)适于与沿着胸骨同一前纵向边缘的所述加固组的后一细长件的第一连接部件(6)连接,所述细长件(1;10)还设有设计成装配到邻近胸骨前纵向边缘的肋间空隙内的突出部分,其中,所述细长件(1;10)的第一和第二连接部件(6,7)适于与所述加固组中的在前和在后的细长件的相应连接部件形成棱柱连接器。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述细长件(1;10)由生物相容性、成形的和弯折的板材制成。
3、根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一连接部件是适于滑动地装配在前一细长件的相应的第二连接部件(7)中的阳臂部(6)。
4、根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一连接部件是适于滑动地装配在前一细长件的相应的第二连接部件(7)中的阳臂部(6)。
5、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中,所述阳臂部(6)具有矩形扁平横截面轮廓。
6、根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中,所述阳臂部(6)具有矩形扁平横截面轮廓。
7、根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二连接部件是适于滑动地装配在后一细长件的相应的第一连接部件(6)上的阴臂部(7)。
8、根据权利要求7所述的装置,其中,所述阴臂部(7)具有中空通道形状横截面。
9、根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,用于肋间空隙的所述突出部分是延伸于所述第一和第二连接部件(6,7)之间并与所述第一和第二连接部件成直角的所述细长件(1;10)的本体部分(4)。
10、根据权利要求9所述的装置,其中,所述本体部分(4)为具有平行自由边(2,3)的U形,所述平行自由边垂直向外弯折以在它们之间包围对于同一胸骨的细长件的夹紧装置(15)。
11、根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述夹紧装置由不锈钢丝(15)构成。
12、根据权利要求10或11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述U形本体部分(4)的平行自由边(2,3)从本体部分(4)以腿部(20,30)形式伸出,腿部(20,30)可在胸骨侧面装配到患者胸廓的肋间空隙内,并在胸廓的内侧上以彼此相对的方向弯折。
13、根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置还包括独立的夹板(12),该夹板设有多个槽(13),所述槽用于在腿部(20,30)从本体部分(4)以彼此相对的方向弯折前使所述腿部(20,30)通过和保持所述腿部(20,30)。
14、根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述夹板(12)在其一侧设有引导槽口(14)以容纳所述夹紧装置(15)。
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