CN100488747C - 制造泵的方法 - Google Patents

制造泵的方法 Download PDF

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CN100488747C
CN100488747C CNB2004800072396A CN200480007239A CN100488747C CN 100488747 C CN100488747 C CN 100488747C CN B2004800072396 A CNB2004800072396 A CN B2004800072396A CN 200480007239 A CN200480007239 A CN 200480007239A CN 100488747 C CN100488747 C CN 100488747C
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bearing
pump
shell
driving shaft
molded
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CN1761558A (zh
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A·菲略
R·雷森德
E·费拉斯
J·梅拉
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WOP IND E COM DE BOMBAS Ltda
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/067Fixing them in a housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14311Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1459Coating annular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/748Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B29L2031/7496Pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/185Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with two raceways provided integrally on a part other than a race ring, e.g. a shaft or housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/44Centrifugal pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49236Fluid pump or compressor making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49236Fluid pump or compressor making
    • Y10T29/49243Centrifugal type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种制造泵(10)的方法,该泵包括一个聚合物的泵外壳(12)和一个安装在轴承(16)内用于转动的驱动轴(14),所述轴承(16)在外表面上具有至少一个啮合构造(44),所述方法包括围绕所述轴承(16)模制所述泵外壳(12)的步骤,以使所述外壳(12)与啮合构造(44)协同限制轴承(16)相对于外壳(12)的运动。

Description

制造泵的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造泵的方法。
背景技术
通常在汽车应用(automotive application)中使用的诸如水泵之类的泵所用的外壳是由铝模压的。泵的驱动轴所用的轴承安装在所述外壳的一个孔中,并且为了确保基本上避免所述轴承相对于所述外壳的运动,在所述轴承和外壳之间实现良好的装配是必须的。因此,在模压之后机械加工所述外壳以确保所述孔具有容纳所述轴承的正确尺寸是必须的。
发明内容
按照本发明的第一方面,提供一种制造泵的方法,该泵包括一个聚合物泵外壳和一个安装在轴承中用于转动的驱动轴,所述轴承在其外表面上具有至少一个啮合构造,所述方法包括围绕所述轴承模压所述泵外壳的步骤,以便所述外壳与所述啮合构造协同限制所述轴承相对于所述外壳的运动。
因此,根据本发明,在模制之后,不必对外壳进行机械加工,或者在单独的步骤中装配所述轴承,因此,制造泵的复杂性和相应的成本降低了。此外,由于已加工零件有一些尺寸变化,容易实现所述轴承和所述外壳之间的刚性啮合,并且当使用本发明第一方面的方法时,上述结果更可再现。
优选地,所述外壳由热塑性聚合物制成。
优选地,所述外壳使用注塑法模制而成。
优选地,在所述外壳围绕所述轴承模制之前,将润滑剂加入到轴承中。
由于在模制过程中聚合物的温度与铝的温度相比相对较低,所以能够在所述外壳围绕所述轴承模制之前,将用于帮助润滑和降低轴承中驱动轴的转动摩擦的、传统的低温润滑剂或者润滑脂加入到轴承中,并且在模制过程中润滑剂不会显著劣化。
优选地,所述轴承的外表面通常为圆柱体,并且所述啮合构造包括在所述轴承的外表面上的至少一个圆周槽。
优选地,在所述外壳的模制过程中,所述轴置于所述轴承中的使用位置中。
所述轴承可以是滚珠轴承。
按照本发明的第二方面,我们提供一种使用本发明第一方面的方法制造的泵。
所述泵可以是用于汽车发动机的冷却液泵。
附图说明
现在仅仅通过附图中的例子来说明本发明的实施例,其中
图1是根据本发明第二方面的泵的横截面图。
图2是根据本发明第一方面的方法,用于制造泵外壳的模的横截面图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图1,其示出了用于汽车发动机冷却系统中的水泵10,该水泵包括一个聚合物泵外壳12和一个安装在轴承16中的、用于转动的、且大体为圆柱形的驱动轴14,驱动轴14的第一端14a和第二端14b伸出外壳12。齿状的皮带轮18安装在驱动轴14的第一端14a上,在使用时通过齿状的皮带将其连接到发动机的曲轴,以便通过曲轴的转动带动驱动轴14绕该轴14的纵向轴线A转动。叶轮20通过锁紧环22安装在驱动轴14的第二端14b上。
轴承16安装在外壳12中大体为圆柱形的孔26中,孔26由侧壁28包围,该侧壁28大体平行于驱动轴14的纵向轴线A,从靠近皮带轮18的第一端28a延伸到靠近叶轮20的第二端28b。外壳12还包括一个从侧壁28的第二端28b延伸的凸缘部分30。该凸缘部分30包括一个环行密封唇32,它大体垂直于轴线A从侧壁28的外部径向伸出并且包括环绕该密封唇32一圈的环行槽34。在槽34中容纳采用O形环36形式的密封装置。
在汽车发动机的应用中,泵外壳12安装在围绕发动机的冷却套管的外表面上,同时驱动轴14的第二端14b延伸穿过设置在冷却套管中的孔伸进冷却套管中,驱动轴14的第一端14a和皮带轮18保留在冷却套管的外面。密封唇32与冷却套管的外表面相接合,并且因而O形环36提供在外壳12和冷却套管之间的基本上流体紧密封。因此,叶轮20被定位在冷却套管内,驱动轴14的转动导致水或者其它任何形式的冷却流体绕冷却套管泵送。
为了防止包含在冷却套管内的流体通过轴承容纳孔26从冷却套管泄漏,将常用的机械密封部件24围绕驱动轴14安装在轴承16和叶轮20之间,并且在驱动轴14和侧壁28之间提供基本上的流体紧密封。
在这个实施例中,轴承16是金属滚珠轴承,并且包括两套安装在大体为圆柱形的套圈40内的轴承滚珠38。套圈40在它的两个自由端设置有径向向内延伸的防护凸缘40a。两套位于槽42内的滚珠围绕驱动轴14的圆周设置,并且第一套轴承滚珠38定位在第一槽42a内,第二套轴承滚珠38定位在第二槽42b内,因此当定位在轴承16中时,轴承滚珠38与槽42的接合防止了驱动轴14沿大体平行于其纵向轴线A的方向移动。
套圈40的外表面设置有至少一个啮合构造44,并且在此实施例中,该啮合构造44是一个圆周槽,围绕套圈40的外表面设置有三个这样的啮合槽44。啮合槽44的功能将在下面作进一步介绍。
按照如下制造泵10。
在本实施例中,泵外壳12通过注塑法使用如图2所示的模46由聚合物模制而成,该聚合物优选为诸如polypthalamide、聚苯硫、聚酰胺之类的热塑性聚合物。优选使用热塑性聚合物,而不是诸如酚醛树脂之类的热固性聚合物,因为热塑性聚合物更适合应用在注塑法中并且更易于再循环和再利用。
模46包括第一部分46a和第二部分46b,它们成形为使它们一起构成一个具有形成外壳12所需形状的模腔48。
泵外壳12围绕带有驱动轴14的轴承16模制,该驱动轴14放置在轴承16内的适当位置上,以便使外壳12与啮合槽44协作以基本上防止轴承16相对于外壳12的移动。因此,在模制外壳12的过程中,将第一插入件50a和第二插入件50b设置成将驱动轴14和轴承16固定在模腔48内的适当位置。
第一插入件50a延伸穿过设置在第一模部分46a内的孔,到达形成侧壁28第一端28a的模腔48的边缘,第一模部分46a充分紧地围绕第一插入件50a装配,以基本上防止熔融的聚合物围绕第一插入件50a从模腔48泄漏,而同时依旧允许第一插入件50a移入和移出第一模部分46a。第一插入件50a包括支持驱动轴14第一端14a的凹口。
第二插入件50b延伸穿过设置在第二模部分46b内的孔,进入构成侧壁28第二端28b的大体在模腔中心部分的模腔48,并且朝向构成侧壁28第一端28a的模腔部分。因此,第二插入件50b辅助形成侧壁28第二端28b的内表面。第二模部分46b充分紧地围绕第二插入件50b装配,以基本上防止熔融的聚合物绕第二插入件50b从模腔48泄漏,而同时依旧允许第二插入件50b移入和移出第二模部分46b,并且包括一个支持驱动轴14第二端14b的凹口。
第一插入件50a和第二插入件50b都紧靠着轴承16平接,以便使熔融的聚合物只能绕轴承套圈40的外表面流动,而不能接触驱动轴14或者轴承16的防护凸缘40a。
第一插入件50a紧靠着相对于模46固定的支持结构定位,而弹性的偏压件52,在此实施例中是一个螺旋弹簧,用于迫使第二插入件50b进入模腔48。因此轴承16被压缩在两个插入件50a和50b之间,并且在将熔融的聚合物喷射进模腔48的过程中,其被保持在模腔48内的适当位置。
一旦聚合物外壳12已经冷却并且凝固,将该外壳12、驱动轴14和轴承16的组合件从模46中取出,将皮带轮18、密封部件24和叶轮20装配到驱动轴14上,将O形环36定位在设置在外壳12的密封唇32内的槽34中。然后可以通过螺栓(没有画出)将泵10装配到发动机的冷却套管外部,所述螺栓穿过设置在密封唇32内的螺栓容纳孔进入冷却套管。
在模制过程中,熔融的聚合物流入绕轴承套圈40的外表面设置的啮合槽44中,因此,一旦聚合物冷却并凝固,在啮合槽44内的聚合物就会提供在外壳12内的轴承16的机械锁闭,并基本上防止轴承16相对于外壳12的轴向运动,还可以限制轴承16相对于外壳12的转动。当外壳12围绕轴承16模制时,这两个部件以良好的配合锁定在一起,没有在模制之后再机械加工外壳12的必要。此外,不需要在制造泵的过程中将轴承16和驱动轴14装配在外壳12中的单独步骤。因此,泵的制造工艺简化了,因此降低了泵10的制造成本。
此外,模制的外壳12不象经过机械加工的外壳那样承受尺寸变动,因此,外壳12和轴承16之间的良好配合能可再生地得到实现。为了在泵10的使用过程中使轴承16和驱动轴14相对于外壳12的运动最小化,在外壳12和轴承16之间实现良好的配合是重要的,因为这样的运动增加了泵10产生的噪音,增加了泵送的流体从外壳12泄漏的可能性,并且增加了轴承16的磨损。因此,通过围绕轴承16模制外壳,可以确实提高轴承16的使用寿命,并且可以得到一个相对安静且无泄漏的泵10。
通常,在模制过程中熔融的聚合物达到大约150℃的最高温度,该温度是传统的低温润滑剂能够承受而不会显著劣化的温度。因此,在模制工艺之前,可以使用低温润滑剂或者润滑脂润滑轴承16,在模制过程中润滑剂不会显著劣化。
可以理解的是,虽然在本实施例中,绕轴承套圈40外表面的啮合构造是环形槽44,但啮合构造可以是任何其它适当的能在轴承16和外壳12之间提供机械锁闭的结构。所述啮合构造可以从轴承套圈40的外表面例如以围绕套圈40的圆周肋的形式凸出。
此外,可以设置少于或者多于三个的啮合构造。
在沿圆周延伸的啮合构造中,无论使用肋还是槽,仍然可以允许轴承16相对于外壳12的转动,这是可能的。无论是通过除了设置沿圆周延伸的啮合构造外还设置轴向延伸的啮合构造,还是通过在沿圆周延伸的啮合构造中设置间断部分,这个问题都可以避免,。
轴承16不必是滚珠轴承。它可以是滚柱轴承,滚珠和滚柱轴承的组合,或者任何其它合适的轴承形式。
还可以理解的是,外壳12的构造不限于附图中所示的构造,可以对外壳12的形状进行改进以容纳不同的发动机布置,和发动机空腔内的外围零件的不同布置。
只要是适当的,在前述说明书、或者后面的权利要求、或者相应的附图中所公开的特征,以其特定的形式或者用履行公开功能的方式、或者用达到所公开的效果的方法或工艺所表达的特征,都可以单独地或者以这些特征的任意组合,以各种形式利用这些特征来实现本发明。

Claims (8)

1、一种泵,该泵包括一个聚合物的泵外壳和一个安装在轴承内用于转动的驱动轴,所述轴承在外表面上具有至少一个啮合构造,所述外壳围绕所述轴承模制而成,以便使所述外壳与所述啮合构造协同限制所述轴承相对于所述外壳的运动,并且在所述驱动轴一端安装有叶轮,其特征在于:所述泵进一步包括围绕驱动轴安装在轴承和叶轮之间的机械密封部件,该机械密封部件在泵外壳和驱动轴之间延伸,以便在泵外壳和驱动轴之间提供基本上的流体紧密封。
2、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,所述聚合物是热塑性的。
3、如权利要求1或者2所述的泵,其中,所述外壳是使用注塑法模制而成的。
4、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,在围绕所述轴承模制所述外壳之前,润滑剂被加入到所述轴承中。
5、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,所述轴承的外表面大体为圆柱形,并且所述啮合构造包括在所述轴承的外表面上的至少一个圆周槽。
6、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,在围绕所述轴承模制所述外壳的过程中,所述驱动轴安装在所述轴承内。
7、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,所述轴承是滚珠轴承。
8、如权利要求1所述的泵,其中,所述泵是用于汽车发动机的冷却液泵。
CNB2004800072396A 2003-03-19 2004-03-16 制造泵的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100488747C (zh)

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US8141248B2 (en) 2012-03-27
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EP1603728A1 (en) 2005-12-14
JP2006523280A (ja) 2006-10-12
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WO2004082919A1 (en) 2004-09-30
US20080040923A1 (en) 2008-02-21

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