CN100479293C - 拥有受保护薄弱环节元件的无线电动工具 - Google Patents

拥有受保护薄弱环节元件的无线电动工具 Download PDF

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CN100479293C
CN100479293C CNB2005800067000A CN200580006700A CN100479293C CN 100479293 C CN100479293 C CN 100479293C CN B2005800067000 A CNB2005800067000 A CN B2005800067000A CN 200580006700 A CN200580006700 A CN 200580006700A CN 100479293 C CN100479293 C CN 100479293C
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布鲁斯·丹宁
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OMicro Technology (China) Co.,Ltd.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S388/00—Electricity: motor control systems
    • Y10S388/90—Specific system operational feature
    • Y10S388/903—Protective, e.g. voltage or current limit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
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  • Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一个实施例的一种方法，该方法包括选择一个无线电动工具的电源系统的多个元件中的一个作为一个受保护薄弱环节元件。该方法也包括设置该受保护薄弱环节元件在剩余多个元件由于过载状态失效前失效，监测该受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态，和保护该受保护薄弱环节元件以防该过载状态，因此也就保护了剩余多个元件以防过载状态。本发明也提供了一种电池包和一种无线电动工具。

Description

拥有受保护薄弱环节元件的无线电动工具
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电动工具，且更具体的是拥有一个受保护薄弱环节元件的无线电动工具。
背景技术
广泛种类的电动工具被用于不同的应用中例如建筑应用、火灾和营救应用等等。一些无线电动工具的例子包括但不受限于：无线电钻、无线圆锯、无线往复锯、无线砂磨机、无线螺丝起子和闪光灯。无线电动工具使用一个可充电电池包提供能量使工具工作。可以容易地将该可充电电池包从无线电动工具移除并将其连接至一个外置电池充电器以达到充电的目的。
该电池包包括一个或多个电池。该电池可为镍镉或镍氢电池。也可使用其他类型的电池例如锂离子电池。如果锂离子电池在高于一个特殊值被充电或低于一个特殊值被放电时，它将会退化或变得危险，因此电池包将引入一个监测电路来监测电池电压值。该监测电路也监测流入或流出电池包的电流值。电池包中的感测电阻提供一个表示电流的信号至该监测电路。该感测电阻增加了费用和加剧了功率损耗。该功率损耗随着在高电流无线电动工具例如电钻或圆锯的电流值的增加而加剧。
因此，需要去除该感测电阻并且为无线电动工具提供一个薄弱环节保护系统。
发明内容
本发明提供了一个无线电动工具。该无线电动工具包括一个电池包，该电池包包括至少一个电池，一个用来驱动该无线电动工具的一个元件的马达，该马达由至少一个电池提供电能。该无线电动工具也包括一个受保护薄弱环节元件，该薄弱环节元件被设置为在所述至少一个电池和所述马达其中之一由于过载状态而失效前失效。该无线电动工具也包括监测电路，该监测电路用来监测该受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态。该监测电路还响应该被测功率状态保护受保护薄弱环节元件以防过载状态，因此也就保护了所述至少一个电池和所述马达。
本发明还提供了一种方法。该方法包括：选择一个无线电动工具的电源系统的多个元件中的一个作为受保护薄弱环节元件；设置该受保护薄弱环节元件在无线电动工具的电源系统的剩余多个元件由于过载状态而失效前失效；监测该受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态；并且保护该受保护薄弱环节元件以防过载状态，因此也就保护了所述剩余元件。
本发明还提供了一个电池包。该电池包包括至少一个电池、一个连接至该至少一个电池的开关和监测电路，该监测电路监测所述开关的电压降并且如果该电压降大于或等于一个阈值时断开该开关，阈值被选择用来保护所述至少一个电池以防过载状态。
附图说明
有了下文的附图说明，本发明的实施例的特征和优点将更显著，且相同数字表示相同部件，其中：
图1所示为一个无线电动工具的透视图；
图2所示为图1无线电动工具的电源系统的电路图，其拥有一个受保护薄弱环节元件；
图3所示为图2电源系统的一个实施例的电路图；
图4所示为图3监测电路的一个实施例的电路图；和
图5所示为一个实施例的工作流程图。
尽管下文的具体实施方式将参考所示实施例进行，但许多选择、修改和变动对于本领域技术人员是明显存在的。因此，本发明旨在涵盖广泛范围。
具体实施方式
图1所示为无线电动工具100的透视图。无线电动工具100被表示为一个无线电钻，并且在本文相关实施例也将如此表示。然而无线电动工具100可以是任何类型的无线电动工具，包括但不受限于：无线圆锯、无线往返锯、无线砂磨机、无线螺丝起子和闪光灯。无线电动工具包括一个可充电电池包102，用来提供能量使工具100工作。可以容易地将可充电电池包102从无线电动工具100上移除并将其连接至一个外置电池充电器以达到充电的目的。无线电动工具100也包括一个速度控制扳机104。对于电钻，使用者压和放扳机104以控制卡盘142的速度。
图2所示为图1无线电动工具的电源系统200的电路图。电源系统200包括电池包102、速度控制电路206、扳机104、马达240和元件142，该元件142由马达240通过一个相连接的齿轮系(未示出)所驱动。元件142可为电钻的用来控制电钻钻头的卡盘。本文任何实施例所使用的“电路”包括：例如单个固定电路、可编程电路、状态机电路，和/或储存由可编程电路执行的指令的固件，或这些电路的任意组合。
电池包102包括一个或多个电池203，用来为系统200提供能量。电池203在一个实施例中可为锂离子电池。电池包102向马达240和系统200的其他负载提供能量。电池包102也包括监测电路208。监测电路208为每一个电池测量一个或多个电池包电流、温度和电池电压值，并测量通过一个元件的电压降。
监测电路208比较监测功率状态，并比较代表该状态的所测值和相关阈值。如果所测值中的一个大于或等于相关阈值时，监测电路208识别一个过载状态。例如，过载状态可以是一个来自于电池203的大于或等于一个表示最大放电电流的阈值的放电电流。在另一个例子中，过载状态可以是一个流入电池203的大于或等于一个表示最大充电电流的阈值的充电电流值。在另一个例子中，过载状态可以是一个电池的大于或等于一个电压阈值的电压值。在另一个实施例中，过载状态可以是一个元件的大于或等于一个温度阈值的温度。当检测到过载状态时，监测电路208就会提供一个输出控制信号来保护电源系统200的元件。该输出控制信号被提供至电池包102内的一个或多个开关，或被当作一个控制输入通过路径227提供至外置于电池包102的其他电路。
电池包102也包括一个受保护薄弱环节元件209。在一个实施例中，该受保护薄弱环节元件209可为电池包102的一个放电开关。在另一个实施例中，该受保护薄弱环节元件209可为一个保险丝。该保险丝可包括，但不限于：熔线、快速或slo-blo汽车保险丝，或小规格金属丝。
尽管被表示为电池包102的一部分，受保护薄弱环节元件209也可以被置于电源系统200的其他位置。受保护薄弱环节元件209被设置为在电源系统200的剩余元件由于过载状态失效前失效。因此通过保护受保护薄弱环节元件209以防过载状态也就保护了电源系统200的剩余元件。如果监测电路208没能保护到受保护薄弱环节元件209，该元件也会在电源系统其他元件出现故障前自我毁灭，这样就如一个附加的保护装置。
受保护薄弱环节元件209可为一个开关，例如电池包102内的放电开关或速度控制开关218。当受保护薄弱环节元件209是一个开关时，监测电路208检测过载状态并提供一个控制信号至该开关以断开开关。当该受保护薄弱环节元件209为一个保险丝时，过载状态也由监测电路208所检测。过载状态为一个经过保险丝的等于或大于一个阈值的被测电压降。当检测到过载状态时，监测电路208提供一个控制信号至一个开关以断开该开关，例如一个例子中的放电开关。
速度控制电路206响应扳机104的位置以调节由马达240驱动的元件142的速度。速度控制电路206包括控制信号发生器216、速度控制开关218和旁路开关230。控制信号发生器216响应扳机104的位置提供一个控制信号。接着速度控制开关218响应该来自控制信号发生器216的控制信号以调节马达240的速度，即调节了由马达240驱动的元件142的速度。如果扳机104的位置表示全速，速度控制开关218将被旁路开关230机械地旁路以防止对热量累积敏感的速度控制开关218中的热量累积。
图3所示为图2电源系统的一个实施例的电路图。在该实施例中，受保护薄弱环节元件209为电池包102a中的放电开关209a。放电开关209a可为一个场效应晶体管(FET)。该FET可为一个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOFET)，例如一个p沟道MOSFET(PMOS)或一个n沟道MOSFET(NMOS)。电池包102a也包括多个电池203-1、203-2...203-(n-1)和203-n。电池包102a向多个负载包括马达绕组342提供能量。
速度控制电路206a的一个实施例包括旁路开关230、可变电阻320、脉宽调制(PWM)发生器216a和作为速度控制开关218的FET晶体管218a。在操作中，使用者摁压扳机104至一个期望的量以控制元件142的速度。可变电阻320的阻抗响应扳机104的位置而变化。接着PWM发生器216a响应可变电阻320的阻抗更改提供至FET晶体管218a的PWM信号334的占空比。PWM信号334在一个固定频率工作，例如5到10千赫兹。当PWM信号的占空比增加时，FET晶体管218a的闭合时间也增加，这样电动工具的元件142的速度也增加。相似地，当PWM信号的占空比减小时，FET晶体管218a的闭合时间也减少，因此电动工具的元件142的速度也减小。在一个例子中，PWM信号的占空比可以有一个从大约10％(慢速)至75％(快速)的变化。如果扳机104的位置表示全速，FET晶体管218a通过闭合开关230并断开速度控制开关218而机械地被旁路，这样就防止了FET晶体管218a内的热量累积并使导通电阻减小。
联系图3看图4，图4所示为图3监测电路208的相关的监测电路208a的一个实施例。监测电路208a监测受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态，例如放电开关209a的电压降，并提供一个控制信号至放电开关209a使其断开以防过载状态。因此放电开关209a的断开也就保护了电源系统的其他元件以防过载状态。在一个例子中，过载状态可为一个大于或等于一个最大放电电流值的放电电流值。因此可以去除电池包102中的传统的感测电阻。如果受保护薄弱环节元件209为一个保险丝，监测电路208也相似地监测该保险丝的电压降并提供一个控制信号至放电开关209a或电源系统的其他开关，使其断开以防过载状态。
放电开关209a被表述为一个FET，且在本文中倾向这样表述。FET 209a的源极和漏极连接至感测放大器402以放大漏极至源极电压。接着感测放大器402提供一个输出信号至比较器404。比较器404也在另一个输入端接收一个阈值。如果来自感测放大器402的信号大于或等于该阈值，比较器404就提供一个输出信号至驱动器406。驱动器406响应该来自比较器404的输出信号断开放电开关209a。
监测电路208a被设置为在受保护薄弱环节元件失效之前使该受保护薄弱环节元件无效，或断开放电开关209a。因此通过保护受保护薄弱环节元件209a，电源系统的其他元件也得到保护。如果监测电路208a没能成功地使FET 209a无效，FET 209a也会自我毁灭，就如一个最后的保险丝。因此我们把FET 209a与电池包102a的其他元件隔离，其他元件例如电池203-1、203-2...203-(n-1)和203-n，这样即使当FET 209a销毁时电池包102的其他元件也可以得到保护。FET 209a可以通过封装或塑胶密封来实现隔离，例如封装445。
以FET作为受保护薄弱环节元件，例如放电开关209a或速度控制开关218a，要选择一个具有相对高的漏极至源极电阻Rds(on)的FET。在一个实施例中，FET可为由国际整流器公司(International Rectifier)提供的元件号码为IR IRL1404Z FET的FET，它拥有一个3.1毫欧姆的Rds(on)。也可以使用一个拥有更高Rds(on)大约5-7毫欧姆的FET。该FET的一个附加的优势是它一般比较便宜。也故意限制FET的散热以保证FET在电源系统的其他元件出故障之前(不过不是很久之前)因为过热而销毁。
FET的导通电阻Rds随着电阻自身变热而增加。该增加电阻提供了FET被测电压的一定程度的有用的放大。例如，IR IRL1404ZFET拥有一个Rds，该Rds可由在30摄氏度时的正常值增加至在120摄氏度时的1.5倍。FET越热，过载检测越快被监测电路208所检测到，这样就越快使其无效。FET、FET驱动和散热都需要被特定，这样FET才会恰好地在电源系统的任何其他元件毁灭之前毁灭(这也是应该是最便宜的FET和散热解决方案)。通过过载断路器在FET销毁前使其无效，我们就保护了电源链中最薄弱环节，这样也就保护了所有元件。
受保护薄弱环节元件209因此保护了无线电动工具的电源系统的元件以防过载状态。这些元件包括，但不限于：
1.电池203。虽然电池保护需求由电池供应商提供，但也包括由于快速放电和热累积而导致的电池电化学问题。
2.导通路径。由于可以选择足够型号的金属线来承受允许的过载状态，导通路径通常不存在什么问题。
3.速度控制开关218。由于速度控制开关218可以被机械地旁路，因此全导通工作也不存在什么问题。如果速度控制开关FET没有并入热保护(thermal protection)，由于电子开关FET 218的潜在的热量累积，全电子模式(75％PWM)可能出现问题。
4.马达240。全功率工作(特别锁定转子全功率工作)将使马达迅速变热。
5.电池包开关(例如FET 209a)。假设(例如)IR IRL 1404Z“汽车MOSFET”的参数为：Vdss＝40V，Rds(on)＝3.1mOhm，Id＝75A。在70A的过载断路器电流和额定Rds(on)FET将产生0.22V×70A＝15W的损耗。这将很好地落入电池包额定230W的损耗范围内，不过考虑到电流有可能会更高且超时有可能持续30秒之长所以需要热消散。更糟糕的是，当温度增加时Rds(导通电阻)也增加(120摄氏度时的电阻值是30摄氏度时的电阻值的1.5倍)。如果电池包热消散不充分的话，节点温度和Rds(导通电阻)将持续升高直到FET销毁。
如果监测电路208没能及时地关闭FET，受保护薄弱环节保护元件将自我毁灭，这样就如一个最后的保险丝。再者，如果期望薄弱环节元件也可以使用保险丝代替FET(这发生在电池包102不包括放电控制开关的情况下，并且要通过速度控制电路206的控制线来停止放电)。监测电路利用保险丝的电压降。当保险丝的温度达到熔点时其电阻将比FET的导通电阻更急剧地增加，这样就提供一个更容易被测量到的电压降。
图5所示为一个实施例的工作流程图500。操作502包括选择一个无线电动工具的电源系统中的多个元件中的一个作为受保护薄弱环节元件。操作504包括设置该受保护薄弱环节元件在剩余多个元件由于过载状态失效前失效。操作506包括监测该受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态。最后，操作508包括保护该受保护薄弱环节元件以防过载状态，因此也就保护了所述剩余元件。
更优越的是可以去除在电池包102中使用的一个传统的感测电阻，这将节约成本并简化电路结构的复杂性。这也减少了感测电阻所消耗的功耗，对于高电流驱动无线电动工具这样功耗非常大。通过保护受保护薄弱环节元件，无线电动工具的电源系统的其他元件也得到保护。受保护薄弱环节元件被放置更接近它的位置。薄弱环节保护元件也可以选择比电源系统的其他元件相对便宜的元件。功率状态例如受保护薄弱环节元件的电压降将被监测。电压降表示流经受保护薄弱环节元件的电流。通过保护该受保护薄弱环节元件，例如如果过载状态为额外电流就通过停止电流或限制电流来保护该受保护薄弱环节元件，这样其他元件也得到保护。仅当该监测电路没能保护该受保护薄弱环节元件时，该受保护薄弱环节元件将自我销毁，这样就如一个故障保护措施。
本文所使用的术语与措辞是揭示内容的术语，但没有局限性，并且在采用这些术语和措辞时不排除其他与本文所展示和描述的特征(或部分特征)相似的等价物，应该明白在权利要求范围内本发明可能有多种修改。本发明还可能存在其他的修改、变动和选择。因此，权利要求旨在覆盖所有这些等价物。

Claims (17)

1.一种无线电动工具，包括：
一个电池包，所述电池包包括至少一个电池；
一个马达，所述马达驱动所述无线电动工具的一个元件，所述马达由所述至少一个电池供电；
一个受保护薄弱环节元件，所述受保护薄弱环节元件被设置为在所述至少一个电池和所述马达的其中一个由于过载状态而失效前失效；和
监测电路，所述监测电路监测一个所述受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态，所述监测电路还响应所述被测功率状态保护所述受保护薄弱环节元件以防过载状态，因此也就保护了所述至少一个电池和所述马达以防过载状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线电动工具，其特征在于，所述受保护薄弱环节元件包括一个保险丝，且所述功率状态包括一个所述保险丝的电压降。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无线电动工具，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括一个连接至所述至少一个电池的放电开关，且其中所述受保护薄弱环节元件包括所述放电开关。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无线电动工具，其特征在于，所述放电开关与所述电池包隔离，这样可以保护所述电池包以防所述放电开关的销毁。
5.根据权利要求3所述的无线电动工具，其特征在于，所述功率状态包括一个所述放电开关的电压降，并且如果所述电压降大于或等于一个阈值，所述监测电路还通过断开所述放电开关保护所述放电开关以防其销毁，设置所述阈值使所述监测电路在所述放电开关销毁前断开所述放电开关。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线电动工具，其特征在于，所述放电开关包括一个场效应晶体管，所述电压降为所述场效应晶体管源极和漏极间的电压降，且其中所述场效应晶体管在30摄氏度的节点温度拥有一个阻值为3.0毫欧姆的漏极至源极电阻，且其中所述漏极至源极电阻随着所述节点温度增加而增加。
7.一种方法，包括：
选择一个无线电动工具的电源系统的多个元件中的一个作为一个受保护薄弱环节元件；
设置所述受保护薄弱环节元件在剩余所述多个元件由于过载状态而失效前失效；
监测所述受保护薄弱环节元件的功率状态；和
保护所述受保护薄弱环节元件以防所述过载状态，因此也就保护了所述多个元件的所述剩余部分以防所述过载状态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述受保护薄弱环节元件包括一个保险丝，且所述功率状态包括一个所述保险丝的电压降。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述受保护薄弱环节元件包括一个电池包的放电开关，所述放电开关与所述电池包的至少一个电池连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
从所述电池包里隔离出所述放电开关，这样所述电池包被保护以防所述放电开关的销毁。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述监测操作包括监测所述放电开关的电压降并比较所述电压降和一个阈值，且其中所述保护操作包括如果所述电压降大于或等于所述阈值时断开所述放电开关，设置所述阈值使所述放电开关的所述断开发生在所述放电开关销毁前。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述放电开关包括一个场效应晶体管，所述电压降为所述场效应晶体管的源极和漏极间的电压降，且其中所述场效应晶体管在30摄氏度的节点温度拥有一个阻值为3.0毫欧姆的漏极至源极电阻，且其中所述漏极至源极电阻随着所述节点温度的增加而增加。
13.一种电池包，包括：
至少一个电池；
一个开关，所述开关与所述至少一个电池连接；和
监测电路，所述监测电路监测一个所述开关的电压降，并且如果所述电压降大于或等于一个阈值时断开所述开关，选择所述阈值保护所述至少一个电池以防过载状态。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述开关包括一个放电开关，且所述过载状态包括一个来自所述至少一个电池的最大放电电流。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述放电开关与所述电池包隔离，这样所述电池包被保护以防所述放电开关的销毁。
16.根据权利要求14所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述放电开关包括一个场效应晶体管，所述电压降为所述场效应晶体管的源极和漏极间的电压降。
17.根据权利要求16所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述场效应晶体管在30摄氏度的节点温度时拥有一个阻值为3.0毫欧姆的漏极至源极电阻，且其中所述漏极至源极电阻随着所述节点温度增加而增加。
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US20050248318A1 (en) 2005-11-10
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US20050248309A1 (en) 2005-11-10
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US7385795B2 (en) 2008-06-10
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