CN100467498C - 注塑聚合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及采用单位点催化剂制备的LLDPE,例如采用茂金属制备的LLDPE(m-LLDPE),在食品包装材料尤其食品容器密封物的注塑方面的用途。已经发现这类材料表现出低水平的渗移率,通常小于40mg/dm2,例如小于5mg/dm2,并且这类材料特别适用于包装具有高脂肪含量的食品。
Description
本申请是申请号为01811276.5、申请日为2001年6月14日、发明名称为“注塑聚合物”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPEs)的改进或与线性低密度聚乙烯有关的改进,具体是LLDPEs用于注塑(injection moulding)的用途,并且涉及由此获得的产品。
背景技术
LLDPEs广泛应用于包装产品的生产制造,所述产品一般通过模塑(moulding)技术尤其是注塑法来制备。通常采用传统的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备用于这些目的的LLDPE材料。
当注塑的LLDPE产品将用于严格用途时,例如用于包装食品或医药产品,特别是作为食品容器的密封手段(例如盖子)的情形下,所述产品不应当污染所包装的产品是必需的。对于食品包装应用而言,由测定聚合物材料渗移水平(migration level)的试验(例如将其浸入脂肪食品模拟装置比如橄榄油中)可以获知对污染程度的指示。在LLDPEs采用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备的情形下,已经发现渗移水平太高而不允许将它们用在食品和医药产品、尤其是脂肪食品的注塑包装材料的生产上。
现在我们惊奇地发现,通过使用采用单位点催化剂(single site catalyst)制备的LLDPEs,特别是采用茂金属催化剂制备的那些LLDPEs(m-LLDPEs),可以生产出当其用于包装食品和医药产品尤其用于包装高脂肪含量的食品(比如干乳酪、蛋黄酱、番茄沙司、黄油等等)时具有可接受的渗移水平的模塑产品(例如注塑产品)。
发明内容
因而从一方面考虑,本发明提供了采用单位点催化剂制备的LLDPE,特别是采用茂金属制备的LLDPE(m-LLDPE),在食品包装材料、尤其是食品容器密封物的注塑方面的用途。
特别优选用于本发明的是具有较窄分子量分布或MWD(也就是重均分子量与数均分子量之比)的LLDPEs,例如MWD为2至60、优选3至10并且更优选3至6的那些LLDPEs。
从进一步的方面考虑,本发明提供了一种注塑制品,例如一种注塑密封物,特别是用于食品容器的密封物,它们由采用单位点催化剂制备的LLDPE而形成,优选由茂金属LLDPE形成,优选地,所述LLDPE具有2至60的MWD,优选3至10的MWD,更优选3至6的MWD。
已经发现特别适用于食品和医药产品注塑包装材料的生产的LLDPE材料是那些渗移水平小于40mg/dm2、优选小于10mg/dm2,例如小于5mg/dm2的材料。
因而从进一步的方面考虑,本发明提供了一种适用于注塑的LLDPE,例如茂金属LLDPE,其渗移水平小于40mg/dm2,优选小于10mg/dm2,例如小于5mg/dm2。
从更进一步的方面考虑,本发明提供了LLDPE(例如茂金属LLDPE)在形成制品中的用途,优选形成用于容器的密封物,其渗移水平小于40mg/dm2,优选小于10mg/dm2,例如小于5mg/dm2。
具体实施方式
聚乙烯意指一种按重量计绝大部分衍生自乙烯单元的聚合物。少部分,例如不超过聚合物的20wt%,更优选不超过聚合物的15wt%,可以衍生自可与乙烯共聚的其他单体。适宜的共聚单体包括选自C3-20一元或多元不饱和单体的那些单体,具体是C3-10α-烯烃,例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、3,4-二甲基-1-丁烯、1-庚烯、3-甲基-1-己烯等等。优选地,单体将选自丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。此处所使用的乙烯共聚物往往包含一种衍生自乙烯和一种或多种可与乙烯共聚合的单体的聚乙烯。
聚乙烯还可以包含少量(例如不超过10wt%,优选不超过5wt%)的其他聚合物(例如其他聚烯烃,比如聚丙烯)。还可以存在常规添加剂比如抗氧剂、UV-稳定剂、着色剂、填料等等,其量通常高达10wt%,例如高达5wt%。
LLDPE意指一种密度为890至940kg/m3、优选915至930kg/m3、尤其优选917至926kg/m3和结晶度为20至60%、优选30至50%、尤其优选40至50%的聚乙烯。
可用于本发明的LLDPEs包括单峰分布(mono-modal)、双峰分布(bi-modal)和多峰分布(multi-modal)的聚合物。典型特征在于窄分子量分布的单峰分布聚合物是有利的。一般在单组加工条件(温度、压力等)下采用单级聚合方式并使用单一单体和单一聚合催化剂来制备具有窄MWD的单峰分布的聚合物。
可用于本发明的双峰分布和多峰分布的LLDPEs可以通过将两种或多种具有不同MWD的单峰分布的聚乙烯混合而制备。可供选择地并且优选地,通过在能够生成双峰分布或多峰分布聚合物的条件下进行聚合而制备它们,例如采用两种或多种单位点催化剂和/或采用具有两种或多种不同催化位点的催化剂体系或混合物,或者采用两级或多级聚合阶段,其中对反应物施加不同的反应条件(例如不同的温度、压力、聚合介质、氢气分压等)(参见EP-A-778289)。
采用常规的乙烯均聚或共聚方式比如淤浆聚合、气相聚合或溶液聚合,可以进行用于制备本发明所用的LLDPEs的这一聚合阶段或每一聚合阶段,优选气相聚合法。聚合过程可以使用一个或多个常规反应器,例如环管反应器(loop reactor)、气相反应器等。对于气相反应器,所用的反应温度一般为60至115℃(例如70至110℃),反应器压力一般为10至25巴,停留时间一般为1至8小时。所用气体通常是与单体在一起的非反应性气体比如氮气。也可以存在氢气以进一步控制反应器内所制备的聚合物的分子量。通过控制氢气的浓度来控制分子量,或者可供选择地,通过控制聚合过程中氢气的消耗量来控制分子量。
可以采用多级聚合方法来制备双峰分布(或多峰分布)的LLDPE,例如采用一系列反应器,其中仅在用于生产更高(或最高)分子量组分的反应器内加入共聚单体。可以在淤浆的环管反应器内进行第一聚合阶段,一般在80至100℃下操作,连续抽出含有活性催化剂的聚合物、将其与反应介质分离、并且输送到气相反应器中,在气相反应器中进行第二聚合阶段。第二气相反应器一般在80至90℃和25至30巴的压力下操作。
用于制备本发明所用的LLDPEs的催化剂可以选自传统的单位点催化剂。单位点催化剂意指能够提供单一类型的催化有效位点的催化剂,在该催化有效位点上进行聚合物链的延伸。特别优选作为单位点催化剂的是茂金属,任选地负载在无机或有机基质上,特别是负载在多孔氧化物比如二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝上。有利地,它们还可以与助催化剂结合使用,特别优选铝氧烷(aluminoxane)。
此处使用的术语茂金属意指任何含有一个或多个η-配体的催化活性配合物。这类配合物中的金属优选第4、5、6、7或8族金属或镧系金属或锕系金属,尤其第4、5或6族金属,特别是Zr、Hf、Ti或Cr,特别优选Zr或Hf。η-配体优选包括环戊二烯基环,任选地环碳原子被杂原子(例如N、B、S或P)取代,任选地被侧链或稠环取代基所取代并且任选地由桥基(例如1至4个原子的桥比如(CH2)2、C(CH3)2或Si(CH3)2)连接至进一步任选取代的同素环或杂环环戊二烯基环。例如,环取代基可以是卤素原子或任选地用杂原子(比如O、N和Si,尤其Si和O)取代碳原子和任选地被单环或多环基团(比如苯基或萘基)所取代的烷基基团。
适宜的茂金属和铝氧烷助催化剂是科学性文献和专利文献中众所周知的,例如出版的Hoechst、Montell、Borealis、Exxon和Dow的专利申请。
本发明所用LLDPEs将优选具有以下性能:
MFR2.16:20至100,优选30至80,例如30至50;
密度:910至930kg/m3,优选920至930kg/m3;
Mw(重均分子量):20至100kD,优选40至50kD;
Mn(数均分子量):5至30kD,优选10至15kD;
MWD(也就是重均分子量与数均分子量之比):3至10,更优选3至6。
E-模量:>180MPa,优选200至300MPa;
拉伸冲击强度:50至300kJ/m2,优选>100kJ/m2;
断裂伸长率:>400%;
屈服时的拉伸应力:5至15MPa,优选7至10MPa;
维卡软化温度(10N):75至150℃,优选85至100℃。
LLDPEs可以,例如,按照本发明采用传统注塑设备进行注塑,例如在180至280℃(比如200℃)的注射温度下操作,并且以10至500毫米/秒(优选大约100毫米/秒)的注射速度进行操作。适宜的模塑温度可以是0至80℃。以这一方式制备的密封物通常具有5至1000毫米的最大尺寸。
因而从进一步的方面考虑,本发明提供了一种用于食品容器的密封物,该密封物由本文中所述的LLDPE形成,例如茂金属LLDPE,优选渗移水平小于40mg/dm2、优选小于10mg/dm2、例如小于5mg/dm2的LLDPE。
采用本文中所述的LLDPE制备的密封物特别适用于包装食品,例如面包、色拉、蛋糕、布丁、汤、干乳酪、蛋黄酱、番茄酱、黄油等等,尤其具有高脂肪含量的食品。在重要的是应该防止聚合物材料发生渗移的情况下,它们也适用于包装医药产品,例如包装溶液、悬浮液、乳液、糖浆等等。
本文中所述的LLDPE产品特别适用作密封物,例如帽或盖,它们的柔韧性程度对于其被消费者除去是必需的。在这样的情形下,产品可以与例如塑料(如聚乙烯)、玻璃或金属容器联用。
现在将参考下述非限定性实施例来进一步描述本发明。
实施例1-催化剂的制备
在氮气气氛下进行所有的反应。用40毫升甲苯稀释40毫升30%甲基铝氧烷(MAO)的甲苯溶液。将所得溶液加入到22.6g外消旋-(亚乙基双(2-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)茚基))二氯化锆(ABO3Cl2)中。将该MAO/茂金属溶液与另外1250毫升30% w/w的MAO溶液混合。经过10分钟的反应时间后,在惰性气氛下将全部体积的溶液加入到1000g放置在反应器内的二氧化硅中。使所得混合物反应90分钟。通过氮气吹扫进行干燥,与此同时加热反应容器至85℃保持18小时。由此获得的催化剂是干燥的、可自由流动的粉末。
实施例2-聚合物的制备和性能
将乙烯、己烯、氢气和氮气与实施例1制备的聚合催化剂一起投入在75℃和17.5巴下操作的带有流化床的气相反应器中。聚合物生产率大约为10-11kgPE/h。保持循环气速率为大约2200kg/h,并且床高为2.0m。
聚合参数列于下表1中:
表1
将聚合物产物的性能与采用齐格勒-纳塔(Z/N)催化剂M-cat(UCC)获得的LLDPE产品进行比较,结果列于下表2中:
表2
1MFR2.16:按照ISO1133采用2.16kg负载在190℃下测定
2密度:按照ISO1183来测定
3Mw、Mn和MWD:按照BTM 15521(Borealis)在140℃下通过GPC设备(凝胶渗透色谱法,尺寸排阻色谱法)测量,溶剂:三氯苯(流率:1.0毫升/分钟)。参见H.G.Barth和J.M.Mays编辑的:聚合物表征的现代方法(化学分析第113卷),John Wiley & Sons,1991。
4E-模量:按照ISO527-2来测定
5拉伸冲击强度:按照ISO 8256/Al来测定
6断裂伸长率:按照ISO 527-2来测定
7屈服时拉伸应力:按照ISO 527-2来测定
8维卡:按照ISO 306来测定
实施例3-注射模塑
采用实施例2制备的样品1、2和3,按照以下参数用Netstal 300注塑机通过注射模塑制备试件(盖子):
熔融温度:200℃
标准螺杆:70mm/25D
注射速度:100mm/秒
保持压力:3秒
冷却时间:5秒
模塑温度:30℃(注射侧)
15℃(阴模侧)
在40℃的橄榄油中放置10天(全部浸入)以进行模塑产品的渗移试验。通过在50℃下用正己烷提纯2小时来测定己烷可提取物。结果示于下表3中:
表3
样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 | 得自Z/N的聚合物 | |
总渗移量(mg/dm<sup>2</sup>)<sup>1</sup> | 0.5和-3.9 | - | - | 48.8和45.3 |
已烷可提取物(%w/w)<sup>2</sup> | 0.91 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5.3 |
1渗移量:按照ENV 1186-2(ENV=欧洲试行标准)测定
2己烷可提取物:按照FDA(US)标准177.1520测定
发现所有产品都表现出低的翘曲(warpage)和变形。
实施例4-压塑(compression moulded)LLDPE样品的渗移数据
对多种级别采用单位点茂金属催化剂制备的聚乙烯制成的1毫米厚压塑片材和(为了比较的目的)一种采用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备的级别制成的1毫米厚压塑片材进行渗移试验,将它们浸入40℃的橄榄油中放置10天。结果示于下表4中:
表4
制造商 | 产品 | MFR<sub>2</sub>(190℃下) | 密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 渗移量(mg/dm<sup>2</sup>) |
Fina | Finacene 2245ER | 0.9 | 933 | -9.2 |
Dow | Elite 5400 | 0.8 | 917 | -5.1 |
Mitsui | Evolue SP2520 | 1.8 | 925 | -6.1 |
Borealis | POKO1082<sup>(1)</sup> | 1.2 | 914 | -9.7 |
Borealis | Borecene ME8160<sup>(2)</sup> | 6 | 940 | -6.6 |
Borealis | Sil-7059<sup>(3)</sup> | 31 | 926 | -3.9 |
Borealis | LE8030<sup>(4)</sup> | 28 | 919 | 45.3 |
注释
(1)MWD=6-7的双峰分布产品,采用单位点催化剂制备。
(2)MWD=2.5的单峰分布产品,采用单位点催化剂制备。
(3)MWD=3.5的单峰分布产品,采用单位点催化剂制备。
(4)用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备的产品的对比结果。
实施例5-聚合物的制备和性能
可以如下制备反应器生产的双峰分布LLDPE:
将乙烯、氢气和1-丁烯共聚单体与聚合催化剂((nBuCp)2HfCl2/MAO(负载在二氧化硅上))一起加入到在80℃和65巴下操作的环管反应器中。设定聚合参数如下:H2/C2:0.4mol/kmol,C4/C2:140mol/kmol。产品的MFR2和密度估计分别为120g/10分钟和937kg/m3。
从反应介质中分离出所得聚合物(仍包含活性催化剂)并且输送到另外加入了氢气、乙烯和1-丁烯共聚单体的气相反应器内。设定聚合参数如下:H2/C2:1-3mol/kmol,C4/C2:40-45mol/kmol。因而制备出MFR2为30-50g/10分钟和密度为920-930kg/m3的聚乙烯。
Claims (10)
1.一种适用于注塑的茂金属LLDPE,其渗移水平小于40mg/dm2,MFR2.16为20至100g/10min;密度为910至930kg/m3。
2.权利要求1的茂金属LLDPE,其渗移水平小于10mg/dm2。
3.权利要求1的茂金属LLDPE,其渗移水平小于5mg/dm2。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的茂金属LLDPE,其具有下述特征:
重均分子量Mw为20至100kD;
数均分子量Mn为5至30kD;和
重均分子量与数均分子量之比MWD为3至10。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的茂金属LLDPE在形成制品中的用途。
6.权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述制品是一种用于容器的密封物。
7.一种注塑制品,其含有权利要求1-4中任一项所述的茂金属LLPDE。
8.一种用于食品容器的密封物,该密封物由权利要求1-4中任一项所述的茂金属LLDPE制成。
9.权利要求8的密封物,其与塑料、玻璃或金属容器联用。
10.权利要求9的密封物,其与聚丙烯容器联用。
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BR0314857A (pt) | 2002-10-01 | 2005-08-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patentes I | Composições de polietileno para moldagem de rotação |
US7943700B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2011-05-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Enhanced ESCR of HDPE resins |
GB0317012D0 (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2003-08-27 | Borealis Tech Oy | Injection moulding polymer |
US20050107560A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | Mota Carlos A. | Injection molded articles |
US7456244B2 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2008-11-25 | Dow Global Technologies | High-density polyethylene compositions and method of making the same |
EP2108679A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | Borealis Technology Oy | Low emission polymer composition |
CA2629576C (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2016-01-05 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Closures for bottles |
US8871886B1 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2014-10-28 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Polymerization product pressures in olefin polymerization |
US9358515B2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2016-06-07 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Compressible liquid diluent in polyolefin polymerization |
KR101164962B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-07-12 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 위생성이 우수한 에틸렌 공중합체 및 이의 제조방법 |
US9371442B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2016-06-21 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Polyethylene compositions and closures made from them |
CA2752407C (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2018-12-04 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Polyethylene compositions and closures for bottles |
US9238698B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2016-01-19 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Pressure management for slurry polymerization |
US9783663B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2017-10-10 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Polyethylene compositions having high dimensional stability and excellent processability for caps and closures |
US9475927B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2016-10-25 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Polyethylene compositions having high dimensional stability and excellent processability for caps and closures |
CA2798854C (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2020-02-18 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Polyethylene compositions having high dimensional stability and excellent processability for caps and closures |
US9765164B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-09-19 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyolefin compositions and uses thereof |
WO2016207295A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Polymer composition comprising linear low-density polyethylene |
US9758653B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2017-09-12 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Polyethylene compositions, process and closures |
KR101698277B1 (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-01-19 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 사출 성형용 폴리에틸렌 수지 조성물 |
US9783664B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-10-10 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Hinged component comprising polyethylene composition |
CA3028148A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-20 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Polyethylene copolymer compositions and articles with barrier properties |
MX2022000615A (es) | 2019-07-25 | 2022-03-11 | Nova Chem Int Sa | Piezas rotomoldeadas preparadas a partir de polietileno bimodal. |
WO2023076366A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Injection molded closure article comprising a composition blend of at least one substantially linear polyolefin elastomer component and at least one partially neutralized ethylene acid copolymer resin component |
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DK152722C (da) | 1979-12-25 | 1988-09-26 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Ved opvarmning krympende lamineret film samt fremgangsmaade til dens fremstilling |
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2000
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CN1210315C (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
WO2001096419A3 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
WO2001096419A2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
ES2250946T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
AU6413201A (en) | 2001-12-24 |
DE60113570D1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
ATE280789T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
EP1292626B1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
DE60106758T2 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
EP1469014A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
CN1436200A (zh) | 2003-08-13 |
DE60106758D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
US6806338B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
EP1292626A2 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
EP1469014B1 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
CA2412814C (en) | 2011-04-12 |
BR0111695B1 (pt) | 2010-12-28 |
CN1721454A (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
BR0111695A (pt) | 2003-07-01 |
CA2412814A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
DE60113570T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
GB0014547D0 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
ES2227208T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
AU2001264132B2 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
ATE305014T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
US20030181608A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
JP2004503623A (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
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