CN100435141C - 使用记录数据使因特网互动自动化的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
使用记录数据使发生在因特网上的互动自动化的一种方法和系统包括将数据存储在适合于维护数据库的中央Web服务器处。响应于需要数据的程序脚本,中央Web服务器处的计算机程序代码有选择地从数据库中提取被存储的数据,根据请求来操纵数据,并按提出请求的程序脚本所需要的格式来提供被操纵的数据。
Description
发明背景
本申请涉及于2000年3月1日提交的、标题为《一种因特网接口系统》的共同待批申请(美国序列号为09/516,048),其内容通过引用被整体包括于此。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及因特网浏览期间的数据传输,尤其涉及实用记录数据使发生在因特网上的互动和事务自动化的一种方法和系统。
背景技术
目前,许多计算机用户主要使用因特网浏览器应用程序来访问“万维网“(WWW或Web)并经由电子邮件(e-邮件)进行通信。典型的浏览器服务器用作一种工具,用户利用该工具能够导航于Web上的各个网站之间;并且还可用作一种接口,用户凭借该接口能够通过访问所提供的信息内容和各种服务来与那些网站相互作用。
在任何给定的因特网探索或“网上冲浪”期间,用户可能会遇到一个或多个网站,这些网站请求用户在可获得访问网站的全部能力之前进行登记。实际上,请求登记的网站正在变得日益普遍。例如,从事电子商务(e-商务)的Web网站通常在特定用户可进行购买或选定拍卖项目之前请求进行登记。再举一个例子,为了将进来的信件传递给正确的收件人,主办电子邮件服务的Web网站必须请求登记。
登记过程的复杂程度可以有变化——从将数据输入一个或两个字段的十分简单的操作到提供社会保障号码、信用卡截止日期和类似内容的十分复杂的操作。无论如何,用户必须通过提供登记所请求的信息导航到网站的登记网页并完成表格。从实际情况来看,不管登记过程的相对复杂程度如何,记录或记住所提供的信息都会成为用户的负担。任何给定Web网站的登记至少涉及向网站提供用户名或“登录”名和密码。以后,每当用户登录时,网站都会使用该数据来识别用户;相反,如果在登录时没有输入适当的帐户信息,则对特定帐户的访问将遭到拒绝或限制。
此外,用户也必须保持一份已完成登记过程的网站的记录,否则就会承受因疏忽而在相同的网站开了多个帐户的风险,这会导致混乱。如果用户想要或喜欢同时在相同的网站开多个帐户,则用户仍然有义务保持用户名和密码的准确记录,以便可以访问各个帐户。
即使用户细心地保持了所有必要信息的记录,每当网站被访问时,也都必须提供正确的用户名和密码信息。通常,为了获得特定Web网站全部的功能性,该网站的登记用户必须进到其“登录网页”并通过提供必要的数据来完成表格。在这方面,如果记录不可访问,则再准确的记录也一无用处;当用户将登记信息便利地存储在家用计算机附近时,例如,当该用户正在尝试从处于另一个位置(例如,办公室、图书馆或网吧)的计算机访问帐户时,那些记录将不会有什么价值。目前,甚至无线设备都具备因特网功能,这样,用户实际上可以从任何地方访问Web或电子邮件帐户。除非用户愿意记住许多用户名和密码或总是努力在方便的时候记书面笔记,否则,再仔细的记录操作也最终会证明效用有限。
此外,许多Web网站通过与任何登记或登录过程无关的填充表格的程序来请求用户提供数据。在网上浏览的用户经常被请求提交诸如邮寄地址、记帐地址、信用卡信息或电子邮件地址的信息。随着因特网活动和电子商务极大的增长,人们越来越需要一种方便而有效的系统,用于组织用户的个人帐户信息,更重要的是用于在Web浏览期间实现该信息。
这种系统应该考虑许多用户目前正在从多个位置和多个计算机终端或工作站访问因特网这个事实,这类用户所占的百分比今后可能会增加。而且,为了提供最大的便利和效用,组织并实现用户的帐户信息的系统应该使当前手工完成的许多互动自动化。
发明内容
通过提供使在典型的因特网浏览期间请求用户进行的许多单调乏味的互动自动化的一种系统,本发明解决了原先技术的前述缺点和其他缺点。
简而言之,在一个实施例中,本发明的系统包括:将登记用户的个人帐户信息存储在安全的、被加密的中央数据库,利用单个用户名和密码可以从任何具有因特网功能的设备访问该数据库。例如,可以将用户名和密码连同帐户以及网站登录网页的“通用资源定位器”或URL一起存储在特定的Web网站。关于第二个Web网站的第二个帐户,用户可能已选择一个不同的用户名和一个不同的密码;同样,该信息和第二个Web网站的登录网页的URL一起被存储在中央数据库中。当登录到本发明的系统时,登记用户可以获得由该系统提供的独特接口的全部功能性能,以及与该用户的各个Web网站特定帐户有关的任何和所有的帐户信息。理想的情况是,不管在任何给定时间被保存在多个不同的Web网站处的特定帐户的数目如何,该系统都只请求记住单个用户名和单个密码。
特别是,本发明涉及在前述的中央数据库与在浏览因特网的过程中由用户访问的各个Web网站之间提供一种接口的一种系统。一个实用工具窗口或导航条可以被附加到用户的标准浏览器导航窗口,并可以被用来与系统连接口和获得其性能。在这种实用工具窗口中得到具体表现并通过其被调用的编程脚本通过使通常由用户手工完成的许多任务自动化,来扩展标准浏览器的各种性能。
例如,根据本发明的一个实施例,该系统访问被存储在中央数据库中的用户的个人信息,以便可以自动完成与开帐户有关的登记表格。例如,系统可分开适用于维护公共Web网站的巨大数据库(包括其各个登记网页的URLs,以及其各个登记表格的性质和格式)。例如,当登录到系统时,可以通过前述的实用工具窗口向用户提供方便的超链接,以便如果用户想要登记一个被映射的Web网站,则在系统中嵌入的程序代码会与适当的网站进行通信,并且在不干涉用户的条件下完成登记表格的各个合适的部分。此外,如果用户想要登记一个Web网站并独立地导航到包含该表格的网页,则系统可适用于识别用户正在尝试建立以前没有被记录过的登记帐户,并且系统可以提示用户记录登记信息(如果想的话)。
此外,本发明的表格填写特点不局限于登记表格。因特网世界中存在许多其他类型的表格,本发明适用于访问被记录的用户数据,并适用于实现用户可能会遇到的实际上任何类型的表格中的相同的用户数据。特别是,通常要填写的一种普通的表格是登录表格。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,用户可以迅速、容易地登录到Web网站,以后每次访问时无须重新输入用户名和密码。如上所述,中央数据库可以存储与用户所保持的每个帐户有关的特殊的用户名和密码;当用户希望访问特殊Web网站中的特定帐户时,本发明的接口使用浏览器导航到适当的Web网站,从数据库访问合适的用户名和密码信息,将相同的信息提供给该Web网站的登录网页中所呈现的表格,并自动提交表格,这样使用户登录入该网站中的帐户。此外,系统适用于识别用户何时正在尝试手工登录到还没有被记录在中央数据库中的帐户,并提示用户记录该帐户信息(如果想的话)。用户因而无须记住在给定的Web网站中哪个密码与哪个帐户有关。
本发明的一个重要的方面是:它的操作不局限于位置,也不局限于特定的计算机终端或工作站。一旦首次登记系统,用户以后就能够从实际上具备因特网功能的任何计算机终端获得其功能性。
因此,为了实现上述目标,在本发明的一个方面提供了用于使各个计算机服务器之间的数据事务自动化的一种系统,所述系统包括:第一计算机服务器,用于维护具有被记录在其内的、所存储的数据的数据库;在所述第一计算机服务器处用于响应于请求而有选择地提取所述被存储的数据的组件;以及,附加的组件,用于:将一表格中未知的字段名称与第一计算机服务器上的运行记录中以前遇到的字段名称进行比较;将类似于未知的字段名称的以前遇到的字段名称中的数据映射到该未知的字段名称上;以及用所映射的数据来填充所述表格的字段。
在本发明的另一方面揭示了使各个计算机服务器之间的数据事务自动化的一种方法,所述方法包括:在第一计算机服务器处维护具有被记录在其内的、所存储的数据的数据库;响应于请求来有选择地提取所述被存储的数据;将未知的字段名称与第一计算机服务器上的运行记录中以前遇到的字段名称进行比较;将类似于未知的字段名称的以前遇到的字段名称中的数据映射到该未知的字段名称上;以及用所映射的数据来填充所述表格的字段。
在本发明又一方面揭示了用于使各台计算机服务器之间的数据事务自动化的一种方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:提供第一计算机,用于维护具有被记录在其内的、所存储的数据的数据库;响应于请求,有选择地提取所存储的数据;根据与具有已知字段名称的字段的类似度从表格中识别未知的字段名称;以及用映射的数据来填充所述表格的字段。
附图说明
通过阅读以下本发明的较佳实施例的详细描述并参考附图,本发明的上述优点和其他优点将更加清楚。在附图中:
图1是目前在因特网用户与用户可以保持登记帐户的几个网站之间所请求的互动的简化图表视图。
图2是在因特网用户与用户可以保持登记帐户的几个网站之间所请求的互动的简化图表视图,本发明的系统用作中介。
图3是普通的Web浏览器应用程序所呈现的“图解用户接口”的简化视图,该Web浏览器应用程序被修改成包括本发明的接口的一个实施例。
图4是本发明的中央服务器与用户保持登记帐户的几个电子邮件服务器之间的互动的简化图表视图。
图5是用户在因特网浏览期间可能会遇到的典型表格的简化视图。
图6是本发明的中央服务器与典型Web网站的表格网页之间的互动的简化图表视图。
具体实施方式
现在来看附图,图1表现了目前在典型的因特网用户与用户可以至少保持一个登记帐户的几个网站之间所请求的互动的简化图表视图。按照惯例,用户利用计算机终端110(例如,桌上型个人计算机(PC)或工作站、便携式电脑、笔记本电脑、附属笔记本电脑或手持机器、无线手持设备和类似物)来连接到因特网。一旦连接到因特网,用户就可通过一个或多个软件应用程序(例如,Web浏览器)来接入电子邮件帐户并访问Web服务器或网站(例如,由参考数字121-125表示的那些)。在访问构成因特网框架的许多网站的过程中,用户被频繁提示在特定的网站登记或开帐户;登记既用于使Web服务器能够识别用户,又用于简化用户在以后的访问中与该网站的互动的某些方面。
例如,经由因特网(电子商务)专门从事拍卖、货物销售、定向于服务的商业事务和类似内容的网站经常在可以允许用户使用网站所提供的服务之前请求用户在网站中保存登记帐户。根据所经营的商业的性质,被保存在任何给定网站的关于特定用户的帐户信息的数量和类型会发生相当大的变化;登记期间从用户那里所请求的信息的性质的一些例子包括姓名、出生日期、邮寄地址、性别、社会保障号码、信用卡号码与截止日期、母亲未婚时的名字等,记帐地址和首选的运输地址是专门从事货物销售的电子商务网站所请求的普通数据。从理论上讲,网站维护关于登记用户的这类信息的各个数据库为用户以后访问Web网站提供了便利和效率。
但是,在实际应用中,登记Web网站经常给用户添加沉重的负担。为网站提供所请求或需要的信息通常涉及完成和提交表格。完成这类表格是很麻烦的,并且不可避免地会在每次提交中引入错误的可能性(例如,拼错或数字移项)。此外,一旦已提交表格并完成登记过程,用户就有义务记住访问登记帐户所需的用户名和密码。
更仔细地观察图1,用户在多个网站中保持一个帐户的效果显而易见。登记Web网站(例如,图1中的网站121-125)至少请求建立只有通过在登录期间提供正确的用户名和密码才能访问的帐户。也就是说,为了在以后访问中获得特定网站所提供的全部范围的服务,请求用户通过计算机终端110来提交原来在登记过程期间所选择的用户名和密码。
通过观察图1可见,在网站121-125中的每个网站中具有一个分开帐户的用户被请求保持至少5个分开的用户名和密码的准确的记录。这些用户名和密码中的某些用户名和密码可用于不止一个帐户,但用户常常觉得:出于安全原因,每个帐户都拥有一个不同的用户名和密码更好。
在典型的Web浏览期间,用户可以希望登录到特定Web网站(例如,图1中的网站121)中的登记帐户。为了登录到网站121,用户必须首先导航到与网站121有关的正确的登录网页。当到达登录网页时,向用户呈现登录表格,用户必须将正确的用户名和密码输入该登录表格,以访问该帐户。当完成并提交表格时,用户登录到网站121中的合适的帐户。例如,如果用户然后希望登录到可能在不同Web网站(例如,图1中的网站122)中的不同的登记帐户,则在网站122的合适的登录网页中重复以上的程序。
例如,如果用户不登记特定的网站(例如,图1中的网站123),则可能在充分使用可用的服务之前请求用户登记。要登记网站123,用户必须首先导航到有关网站123的正确的登记网页。当到达登记网页时,通常向用户呈现一张表格,用户必须将内容广泛的登记信息输入该表格,以建立帐户。当完成并提交表格时,用户以后可以(例如)按以上描述的方式登录到新建立的帐户。
无论如何,每当用户希望登录到特定的帐户时,都必须在用户的终端110与各个网站121-125之间传输帐户数据;这些数据传输互动由图1中的箭头记号表示。为了“便利”的缘故,所请求的用户与Web网站之间的互动基本上是单调乏味的,并且一定会出错。此外,如上所述,在登记与登录过程期间所需要的数据通常对于每个帐户而言都是独特的,请求用户记住这类数据并将其记录在一个方便但安全的位置。
图2是因特网用户与本发明的系统之间所请求的互动的简化图表视图,本发明的系统用作用户与该用户可以保持登记帐户的各个网站之间的中介物。如图2所示,用户的计算机终端210对应于图1中所示的计算机终端110。如上所讨论的,这个计算机终端210可以是任何类型的具有因特网功能的机器。重要的是,计算机终端210通过其被连接到因特网的方法或工具是非实质的。该连接可以通过传统的陆线电话“拨号”服务、数字订户线(DSL)服务、光纤或电缆调制解调器连接、无线或卫星通信、T-1、T-3、ISDN、网络和类似物。
例如,一旦连接到因特网,不管采用什么方法,用户都可以使用软件应用程序(例如,被安装在计算机终端210上的Web浏览器)来导航到主办集中式服务器和数据库的Web网站(例如,由参考数字299指出的网站)。在本发明的几个实施例中,用户可以在基于Web的中央服务器299处开登记帐户。这个登记过程(有关典型的Web网站登记)请求用户选择一个用户名和密码,分别用于识别和安全的目的。一旦登记中央服务器299,用户就可以在以后的访问中通过完成和提交具有正确的用户名和密码的登录表格来登录到登记帐户。前述的各个过程实质上与普通Web网站所请求的典型登记和登录过程没有什么不同。但是,在用户登录到中央服务器299处的登记帐户之后,本发明在便利和效用方面提供了很多好处。
例如,如图2所示,在特定的Web浏览期间,用户只需要一次登录到中央服务器299;以后在其他各个网站处的填写表格和登录过程很少请求或不请求用户方面的互动。数据传输互动由图2中的箭头记号表示。例如,关于表格填写或登记过程,中央服务器299可以处理所有的数据输入,自动完成表格;用户只需要检查信息的准确性并提交完成的表格。关于在其他Web服务器(例如221-225)处对于登记帐户以后的登录过程,中央服务器299可以自动处理导航、数据输入和登录表格提交任务,使用户进入特定Web网站处的所需帐户,用户实际上不请求动作。
中央服务器299适合维护有关用户的详细的数据库(包括由用户提供的大批个人信息)。所记录的数据可能既普通又具有帐户特定性。例如,普通信息或全球信息可以包括姓名、主要的记帐地址、社会保障号码和类似的内容;不管可以保存帐户的Web网站如何,该信息通常是不变的。帐户特定信息的例子可以包括用户名与密码、关于帐户的登录网页的URL、所喜爱的文学流派和类似的内容,该信息可以根据与保存帐户的特定网站非常有关的信息而变化。
重要的是,通过登录中央服务器299,用户可容易地访问被记录在数据库中的前述的普通信息和帐户特定信息,下文将详细陈述:可以在合适的时间通过系统的功能性来自动传输该信息。在这方面,有关用户在中央服务器299的登记帐户的用户名和密码变得全球化;用户只需要记住信息中的这两个项目,就可以通过中央服务器299允许本发明的系统用作与其余的因特网世界的一个接口。这样,可以减轻用户记住(例如)网站的登录网页的URL以及为该网站处的特定帐户选择的用户名和密码的负担。
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供了一种用于访问系统的功能性的独特的接口。图3是由普通的Web浏览器应用程序呈现的“图形用户接口”(GUI)的简化视图,该Web浏览器应用程序被修改成包括本发明的扩展接口。传统的Web浏览器应用程序为用户提供GUI 310,通过GUI 310,可以与因特网进行互动。例如,在标准配置中,GUI 310可以包括用于与浏览器软件相互作用的一个菜单条311、用于导航、数据管理和其他用途的一个控制条312,以及用于输入文本(例如,所需Web网站的URL)的一个文本框313。在该技术字段中,这些要素很普通。浏览器GUI 310的主要要素是导航窗口314,其中显示了各个Web网站和网页的内容;例如,Web网站内容包括文本、视频、到其他Web网站的超链接,以及必须完成和提交的交互式表格。
从图3的底部可见,根据本发明进行修改的Web浏览器GUI 310包括被附加到导航窗口314的一个实用工具窗口350。在这个实施例中,实用工具窗口350用作用于访问系统的各种性能的一种接口;例如,一旦登记中央服务器299,用于扩展浏览器的性能来包括实用程序窗口350的必要代码就可以被自动下载和安装入用户的计算机终端210。另一种选择是,例如,在用户已具有登记帐户并希望从还没有安装实用工具窗口350的软件的计算机访问该帐户之后,可以对浏览器软件进行与登记过程无关的修改。典型的Web浏览器软件应用程序支持这种包括扩展浏览器或GUI 310的性能的第三方软件代码。这种支持使程序设计员能够使用标准编程技术(例如,用或其他编程语言具体表现的)在有限程度上修改浏览器软件的原代码(包括将功能单元加到诸如本发明的实用工具窗口350的GUI 310)。例如,可以编写代码,以便识别某些事件(例如,用户何时已移动导航窗口314、调整它的大小或使其最大化)。在这个实施例中,实用程序窗口350可以围绕用户的计算机显示器“跟随”导航窗口314,根据各个事件被相应地调整大小或移动。另一种选择是,不管与浏览器的导航窗口314的普通使用有关的调整大小或移动事件如何,实用程序窗口350都可以适合于是固定的。换句话说,可以修改浏览器软件的原代码,以便实用程序窗口350可以被嵌入浏览器GUI 310本身。
如图3所示,例如,实用程序窗口350可以包括多个操作按钮351或下拉式菜单352,通过这些操作按钮或下拉式菜单352,用户可以获得由系统支持的各种功能。只通过举例来提供图3所示的特定配置;实用程序窗口350所支持的功能、通过包括按钮351或下拉式菜单352来显示那些功能的方式、甚至实用程序窗口350相对导航窗口314的位置可以根据不同的应用程序或参数选择进行适当的改变。在这方面,较佳的是,实用程序窗口350的功能性由中央服务器299处(而不是用户的计算机终端210本身上)的程序代码支持。
例如,精通该技术字段的人将会理解,将实用程序窗口350附加到导航窗口314就是将少量程序代码(例如,简单的脚本)插入浏览器软件。但是,如果通过实用程序窗口350可获得的接口的基础功能性被嵌在安装于用户的机器上的代码中,那么,用户将有义务把改进和更新下载并安装在代码中。对于从那里获得系统的每个计算机终端(例如,图2中的210)而言,将请求安装实用程序窗口350本身的全新版本或更新版本。但是,本发明的系统被简化到一个程度,以便被安装在计算机终端210上的代码只修改浏览器软件来建立实用程序窗口350,并在一些情况下支持以上所描述的“跟随”功能。另一方面,在基于Web的中央服务器299处的编程过程中提供接口的实际功能性,并且,每当登录系统时,该接口的实际功能性只被输入实用程序窗口350。
如上所述,实用程序350用作用户与系统之间的前端接口;系统又在图2中的中央服务器299与用户所访问的各个网站之间提供一个接口,使通常在Web浏览期间遇到的某些单调乏味的任务自动化。特别是,系统所提供的功能性主要如下所示:有效的通用因特网同一性与电子邮件过滤;实际上在Web浏览期间所遇到的任何表格的自动表格填写;以及,自动登录到保存登记帐户的网站。下文将详细描述系统的这些功能方面。
如参考图2的以上描述,一旦登记中央服务器299,用户就拥有有效的通用用户名和密码。一旦进入中央服务器299的登记帐户,用户就不需要记住任何附加的密码或其他信息,它们可能已被散布到各个Web网站221-225,用于在那里登记或保持帐户。必要的信息被存储在中央服务器299上,用户一旦进入系统就可以访问该信息。除了可减轻记住和组织大量信息的负担以外,本发明的系统的用户还有一个好处:通用用户名和密码促进了电子邮件过滤。
图4是本发明的中央服务器499与用户保持登记帐户的几个电子邮件服务器481-483之间的互动的简化图表视图。中央服务器499对应于由图2中的参考数字299表示的互动,用户的计算机终端410对应于由图2中的参考数字表示的互动。图4表现了各个Web网站421-425,以及被表示为服务器481-483的多个电子邮件服务器。例如,电子邮件服务器481-483可以分别对应于用户的家庭电子邮件帐户、学校电子邮件帐户和工作电子邮件帐户。将会理解,用户可以保持多于或少于3个电子邮件帐户,而且可以在单个电子邮件服务器处保持不止一个电子邮件帐户;相应地,图4中的布置只通过举例来展示。
根据本发明的一个实施例,当登记中央服务器499时,可以为用户提供一个通用的“虚拟”电子邮件地址。这个通用的电子邮件地址的特征是虚拟,因为系统可能实际上并没有在中央服务器499处保持关于用户的完整服务电子邮件帐户,而只是用于将进来的邮件转发到由用户指定的多个电子邮件服务器中的一个或多个电子邮件服务器处的多个登记电子邮件帐户中的一个或多个登记电子邮件帐户。例如,可以有选择地将被传递到服务器499处的用户的通用虚拟电子邮件地址的电子邮件发送到电子邮件服务器481处专有的单个的帐户,或者,可以有选择地将它发送到所有电子邮件服务器481-483处的一个或多个登记帐户。无论如何,用户的朋友、亲戚、商业联系人和代表整个因特网世界的其他人都将会发送电子信件到中央服务器499处的一个单个的地址,可以根据用户的偏爱将其指引到那里。
例如,除了只将进来的电子邮件转发到被保存在远程电子邮件服务器481-483处的一个帐户以外,还可以对进来的电子邮件进行解析,以确定其起源。例如,用这种方法,可以将起源于特定字段中的电子邮件发送到用户规定的第一个帐户,而可以将起源于一个不同的字段中的电子邮件转送到第二个规定的帐户。
将会理解,通过允许用户操纵某些选项(例如,进来的电子邮件应该被转发到的一个或多个电子邮件地址,以及需要这种转发的条件)的附加特点,可以促进通用虚拟电子邮件地址的效用。例如,一旦登录中央服务器499,就可以完全允许用户改变所指定的地址或重新分配起源于特定域名的电子邮件的目的地;由于可以在中央服务器499处改变转发地址,因此,可以减轻用户将“因特网服务供应商”(ISP)的变化或可能会迫使电子邮件地址变化的其他事件通知所有的因特网联系人的负担。理想的情况是,用户也许能够完全拒绝接受某种未经请求的电子邮件(“兜售信息”),以便(例如)起源于特定位置的所有邮件今后被返回给发件人或被拒绝。
可以将这些电子邮件参数选择存储为与中央服务器499处的特定的通用虚拟电子邮件地址有关的用户简档数据库记录。登记用户也许能够通过以上参考图3所讨论的实用程序窗口350来调用获得该数据并允许其改变的程序代码。
可以通过中央服务器499处的程序代码来实现前述的功能性。在操作过程中,当到达中央服务器499时,可以对被呈送到用户的通用虚拟电子邮件地址的进来的电子邮件进行解析;电子邮件包的目的地地址头部通常由电子邮件服务器来进行解析,以便能够适当地传递电子信件。但是,根据本发明的这个实施例,另外可以将被解析的数据与用户参数选择(与中央服务器499处的数据库中所存储的通用虚拟电子邮件地址有关)进行比较,并且可以相应地改变地址头部。一旦完成对地址头部的比较和更改,就可以将电子邮件转发到由用户指定的目的地。
Web网站经常请求上网浏览的用户提供信息,许多最流行的Web网站(尤其从事电子商务的网站)实际上有同样多的请求。结果,用户在任何给定的Web浏览期间经常面对填充表格这项麻烦的任务。图5是用户在因特网浏览期间可能会遇到的典型表格580的简化视图。
除了表格580本身以外,图5还表现了整个浏览器GUI 510,完整地说,具有标准菜单511、控制条512、文本框513和导航窗口514,其中显示了表格580。图5中所示的GUI 510已被修改成包括实用程序窗口550,通过该实用工具窗口,可以获得中央服务器(例如,服务器299或499)处所支持的各种功能。特别是,实用程序窗口550包括至少一个操作按钮(例如,按钮555),该操作按钮能够获得本发明的自动表格填写特点。另一种选择是,可以通过按钮以外的方法(例如,通过诸如556的下拉式菜单)来获得自动表格填写特点。
将会理解,图5所示的特定表格580只具有代表性;甚至请求相同数据的表格也可能会请求按不同的格式来提交该数据。例如,“名称”字段581可以被再分,以便不同的表格可以请求对应于姓、名和中间名的三个不同字段中的相同的数据。同样,“电话”字段582可以被再分成对应于区域代码、电话局和最后四个数字的三个不同的字段;第四个字段可以作为分机号码而被包括在内。同样,各种表格另外包括下拉式菜单或单选按钮,其中,请求用户从有限的清单中选择(例如)年龄范围、职业或头衔或首选的信用卡类型。
如上所述,本发明的系统保持用户在登记过程期间和登记以后根据自己的判断力而提供的信息的详细记录。也就是说,当用户在中央服务器处建立登记帐户时,服务器为那个特定的用户建立数据库记录;可以保留各种用户数据。服务器可以尽可能按细分粒度格式来从用户那里请求信息;也就是说,例如,电话号码可以被分割成对应于国家代码、区域代码、完整的电话号码和分机号的至少四个字段。再举一个例子,名称可以按名、中间名和姓的格式被存储在服务器处,而不是被存储为单个字段。用这种方式,本发明的系统可适用于按许多格式中的任何一种格式将数据提供给请求数据的各种表格。
作为背景,网络探索期间所遇到的表格在由用户于上网浏览期间访问的“超文本链接标记语言”(HTML)文件或网页中被进行编码。任何给定的HTML网页都可以包括在基础HTML代码中区分的一张或多张表格。当用户的浏览器导航于各个网页之间时,本发明的系统利用中央服务器处的程序代码来解析HTML网页。程序代码适用于识别表示被嵌入其内的表格的、HTML代码中的文本串;每张表格包含可以由系统识别的一个或多个“元类型”。每个元类型代表包括一个或多个信息字段的逻辑数据方框,这些信息字段以一种有意义的方式在逻辑上相互关联。每个信息字段又具有与其相关的一种特定的格式。表格成分的前述层级帮助系统在表格填写过程期间将细分粒度用户数据分配给表格中的正确的位置。
在这方面,将会理解,通过根据元类型来为不同种类的数据分类,可使系统能够以将系统开销和用户的麻烦减到最少的一种有效率的方式来处理完成表格的任务。例如,在表格填写过程之前或期间,可以独立地选择整体上的每种元类型以及用于填充其字段的特殊数据;也就是说,用户可以使用实用程序窗口中所提供的下拉式菜单或其他GUI机制,来从一种给定的元类型内以前所存储的多个数据中进行选择。实用程序窗口中的接口可适用于通过包括(例如)每种元类型的下拉式菜单来提供这种选择。
中央服务器处的数据库可以记录每种元类型的多个数据“简档”;每个简档可以由独特的别名来加以识别,并可以通过实用程序窗口接口来访问。例如,用户可以将别名是“信用卡1”和“信用卡2”的两个信用卡简档记录为信用卡元类型,或将别名是“家庭”和“工作”的两个运输地址记录为运输地址元类型。从实用程序窗口中的接口选择特定的简档,这会使与该简档有关的所有数据被插入请求来自那种元类型的一些或所有数据的表格中的正确的字段。
向用户呈现要填写的表格,用户可以独立地选择将被用于记帐地址、信用卡和运输地址的单独的元类型。同样,如果向用户呈现填好的表格以征求同意,则可以通过选择实用程序窗口接口中的一个不同的简档来改变有关整个元类型的数据,而所填写的表格的其余部分未改动。例如,如果已用一个所需的记帐地址和信用卡信息来填充表格,但用户决定在提交表格之前改变运输地址,那么,接口中的一个选项允许用户从以前被记录的多个运输地址简档中的一个运输地址简档中进行选择。同样,用户可以从以前被记录的多个记帐地址或信用卡中的一个记帐地址或信用卡中进行选择。
记住了以上所述的层级,更仔细地观察图5中的表格580,将会理解,本发明的系统可以将任何特定表格中所需的各种字段(例如,字段581-588)识别为相关的数据。举例来说,由于这些有逻辑关系的字段对于定义特殊的邮寄地址而言都是必要的,因此,“地址”字段583、“城市”字段584、“州”字段585和“邮政编码”字段586可以共同与一个地址元类型有关联。同样,“信用卡号码”字段587和“截止日期”字段588可以按信用卡元类型被加以组合。此外,元类型可以具有一个或多个被定义的子类型;例如,可以将记帐地址信息和运输地址信息识别为具有相同的普通数据成分的两种截然不同的子类型。
在类似于示范表格580的任何给定的表格中,可以按各种格式中的任何一种格式来请求信息;例如,关于“州”字段585,表格可能请求完全拼出州的名称,或可能请求两个字母的州缩写词。此外,例如,可以从下拉式菜单或其他类型的清单中选择州。通过识别表格所请求的特定的表格,本发明的系统适用于提供适当的配置中的必要信息,以便完成的表格被提交到的服务器可以接受它。
根据本发明的一个实施例,从数据库中提取被存储在中央服务器处的用户数据并对其进行操纵,以符合在服务器处的程序软件所提出的表格格式化请求。被适当格式化的用户数据随后被传输到用户的计算机终端;在那里,可以使用所转发的数据来填写所需的表格,以便用户不需要手工输入信息。用户在因特网上可能会遇到的表格的数量、类型和格式与请求完成这些表格的Web网站的数量一样多变,但是,本发明的系统将任何给定的表格识别为归于两大类:已被映射入系统的数据库的那些表格;以及还没有被映射的那些表格。
除了维护基于Web的中央服务器处的用户信息的数据库以外,本发明的系统还适用于维护与在网上浏览的用户经常可能会遇到的许多表格有关的表格数据的数据库;例如,最流行的或被频繁访问的Web网站所请求或需要的这些表格可以被加以映射。例如,适合于阅读包含表格的网页的基础HTML代码的软件脚本已经对被映射的表格进行解析。
映射过程使系统在以后遇到这种情况时能够识别以前被映射的表格;对特定表格的字段和结构的识别又使服务器处的程序代码能够按适当的格式有效率、有系统地将正确的用户数据输入每个字段。相应地,映射表格可以涉及以下所有的内容:检查基础HTML代码,用于分析表格的结构和布置;识别所请求的字段、任选的字段和每个字段的所需格式;将表格字段和它们所对应的数据库中的用户数据字段相匹配;以及,记录在一个独特的标识符串下的所有前述信息,系统将来通过该标识符串可以识别那个特定的表格。
映射过程的一些或所有要素既可以包括程序软件,又可以包括操作员的干涉。例如,可以解析HTML并由软件脚本自动获取字段清单,但在给定表格的结构内把特定字段识别为任选(与所请求的相反)可能会请求人的输入。再举一个例子,在已经对表格进行整体映射之后,可以编程自动操作服务器处的软件代码,以检测表格的结构随后已改变的这个事实,但是,可以请求操作员来评估变化的程度或更新中央表格数据库中的表格的记录。
一旦已在中央服务器处对HTML进行解析,就可以分析代码,来了解表格的结构。表格中所需的字段和格式可以在代码中被加以识别和匹配;也就是说,一旦分析HTML并结合观察包括表格的网页,所需信息的类型和性质以及其中需要该信息的格式就可以被精确地加以确定。用这种方式,系统可适用于确定表格是否一方面期望用MM/DD/YY格式来填充“出生日期”数据字段,或者另一方面期望用MM/DD/YYYY格式来进行填充;特定表格的“出生日期”字段可以被相应地映射入数据库。
当然,HTML包括包含表格的网页的URL,而该URL又特别包含代表Web网站的域名的一个串。被分配解析HTML的任务的程序脚本较佳地将一个独特的标识符分配给被加以分析的表格。例如,除了从URL中提取的一个串以外,该独特的标识符还可以包括表格所请求的所有字段的一个串(例如,域名)。表格所清求或需要的被分析的字段和格式被存储在独特的表格标识符下的中央服务器处的表格数据库中。
前述映射操作的最终结果是:解析特定的表格,分析它的结构,并建立和分配一个标识符串,以便系统以后能够识别该表格。该标识符串较佳地包括一个文本串,该文本串包括表格中所有被请求的字段、表格中所有任选的字段和域名的串联,它们都从HTML代码中被提取。系统保持表格结构的详细记录,包括存在的元类型与子类型、与每种类型有关的字段,以及每个字段所请求的特定格式。一旦按这个细节层次来映射表格,就只是简单地将表格数据字段和被存储在数据库中的粒度用户数据相匹配,以便按合适的格式把正确的信息插入适当的字段。
用户所遇到的某些表格可以不被完全或部分映射,或不能被完全或部分映射。如果因特网世界中有大量表格,则任何系统都不可能会映射和保持每张表格的目录。此外,某些表格可能是动态的,这样会使建立有意义的映射受挫。例如,考虑电子商务网站处的用户,选择要购买的各种项目。当用户完成选择过程时,电子商务Web网站的“付费”网页通常显示一张表格,该表格包括记帐地址、运输地址等的字段。此外,该表格通常还包括与以下一项或多项内容有关的字段:为用户提供所需数量的所选项目的选项;根据用户以前的行为来为用户提供打折的附加项目;特价供应等。这些附加的字段是动态的,以致它们总是不在表格的标准结构中并作为用户在网站处的动作的函数而可变。
精通该技术字段的人将会理解,尤其在动态表格的情况下,成为表格的基础的HTML对于映射过程可能很少有帮助或没有帮助。在某些情况下,可以这样构制表格:完全不为一个或多个字段分配HTML中的名称,为多个字段分配相同的名称,或者为一个或多个字段分配动态名称。这主要取决于负责构建Web网站的HTML文档的Web设计员的编程风格和偏爱。这种表格的静态部分可以由系统来映射。或者,字段也可以根据它们在表格中的相对方位或位置来被加以映射;但是,如果表格的结构发生变化,则映射将会不准确。
在操作中,本发明的表格填写特点使用中央服务器处的程序代码,以及成为用户的计算机终端处所提供的增强接口的基础的代码。图6是本发明的中央服务器699与计算机终端610处的用户所访问的典型Web网站的表格网页之间的互动的简化图表视图。在图6中,表格680对应于以上参考图5所讨论的表格580。标准因特网浏览器的性能已被扩展成包括可能对应于实用程序窗口350的实用程序窗口650。如以上参考图3所讨论的,一旦登录中央服务器699,就利用可能会影响实用程序窗口650的外表和操作的程序代码,将某些系统效用输入实用程序窗口650。
在本发明的这个特定的实施例中,使具有表格填写功能的用户接口发挥作用,并且(例如)将该用户接口以操作按钮(例如,按钮351)的形式或作为菜单中的操作选项呈现给用户。用户可以用不同的方法来到达包括表格680的网页。例如,用户可能只是正在网上浏览,并且在因特网上浏览的过程中碰巧遇到包括一张表格的网页。或者,用户可能跟随实用程序窗口650中所提供的超链接,自动进到包含一张表格的网页。
当用户决定完成表格时,可以通过实用程序窗口650来调用表格填写特点。调用表格填写软件会启动程序脚本,它在登录服务器699时被输入实用程序窗口650,用于解析包括代表URL和表格680的文本串的网页的HTML。代表表格中所包括的所有字段的文本串与域名连接(所有文本串都从HTML中提取),以建立一个标识符串。这个标识符串被传输到中央服务器699,在那里,它与被记录在数据库中的多个标识符串进行比较,以确定表格以前是否已被映射。
如果表格已被映射,则从用户的计算机终端610被发送的标识符串将精确地匹配服务器699处的数据库中多个标识符串中的一个标识符串,系统可以准备返回到用户的计算机610的数据。在用合适的格式将数据返回到用户的计算机终端610之前,在中央服务器699处为编程例行程序可以对数据库中的用户数据实现所请求的功能。例如,如果将“名称”信息格式化为将被填写的表格中的单个字段,则服务器699可以连接从数据库中被提取的名字段、中间名字段和姓字段,从而按表格最终将被提交到的服务器所期望的格式来安排数据。
如果表格以前没有被映射,或如果表格自从最后的映射后已被修改,则从用户的计算机终端610被发送到中央服务器699的标识符串将不会匹配数据库中的任何标识符串。但是,可以保存未被识别的标识符串,系统可以尝试如下文所描述的相反映射。
面对一个未被识别的标识符串,中央服务器699处的程序代码首先分析该标识符串,并尝试识别其子串(代表已知的字段名称)。例如,如果以前被映射的表格的结构或布置最近已由主办Web网站稍作更改,则标识符串将不会与数据库中的任何标识符串有精确的匹配,虽然按系统以前没有遇到的顺序来呈现,但对该标识符串的分析可能最终会表明:多数或所有的字段都是可识别的。同样,例如,如果两种表格在由相同实体主办或由相同的Web设计员建立的各自的Web网站,则未被映射的表格可能具有类似的结构并包含与被映射的表格相同的字段名称。无论如何,都可以用从数据库中提取并被适当格式化的合适的用户数据来填写已知的字段名称。
接下来,在系统中被具体表现的程序代码尝试从可以被识别的任何字段名称中识别潜在的元类型的逻辑数据块,从而根据合理、确定的内容来设计与未被识别的表格的整个结构有关的一个合理的推论。
例如,系统可适用于保持以前在HTML表格中遇到的字段名称以及那些字段名称所对应的用户数据的运行记录。所以,系统可以识别出:在表格中所遇到的“姓氏”、“姓”和“最后_名字”都代表与用户的姓相对应的数据库中的相同字段。当未被识别的表格包括具有这些名称中的一个名称或类似的内容(例如,“nameLAST”)的一个字段时,本发明的系统可以相应地识别那个字段并映射未知表格的那个部分。此外,系统可以尝试根据存在的已知字段来重建一种完全的元类型。例如,在这个特别的例子中,邻近“nameLAST”的字段可能代表名或中间名。在识别“nameLAST”和“nameFIRST”以及一个未知的介入字段的情况下,即使没有识别出被分配给表格的HTML中的介入字段的名称,本发明的系统也可以尝试用中间名或姓名起首的大写字母来填充那个介入字段。
精通该技术字段的人将会理解,可以以启发式算法的形式来实现前述的“模糊”填写程序,该启发式算法适用于在HTML标识符串中分析字段名称串或其各个部分,并适用于将那些串和子串与已被记录在有关被映射表格的数据库中的信息进行比较。以上被定义的表格的分层结构使系统能够部分根据数据库中大量的信息存储,并根据在频繁遇到的情况下通常如何安排该信息,来将一些已知数据拼凑为逻辑元类型。相应地,可以潜在地实时确定以前未知的表格的全部结构。
在操作中,中央服务器699处的程序代码通过表格标识符串并完成对用户数据的必要的操作,以便填充可以被识别的字段。表格可能的完成程度主要取决于可以被肯定地识别或可以从HTML结构中容易地推断出的内容。即使在被映射的表格的情况下(其中,整个表格中的每个字段都可以由系统来完成),表格实际上也可能不是由系统来提交。
在一个较佳实施例中,例如,中央服务器699处的编程代码可以只从数据库记录中提取合适的用户数据,并将该数据返回到用户的计算机终端610,用于填写表格680;然后,可以向用户显示被填写或被局部填写的表格680,用户可以有选择地更改、删除或增加信息。这个实施例提供了两个特别的优点:用户有机会删除或修改任选的信息,用户不希望将该信息作为特别被记录在数据库中的信息来提供;以及,以前未被映射的表格可以根据用户提供的信息来被加以映射。
在未被映射的表格的情况下,当表格网页被卸载时,用户的计算机终端处的程序代码可适合于解析HTML。一旦确认“卸载”事件(表示用户正在尝试提交表格的时候),用户的计算机处的程序代码就可以捕捉用户所提交的数据,随后将该数据传输给服务器。然后,如果用户为每个字段提供了数据,则服务器处的编程例行程序根据可以被容易地推断出的内容来颠倒设计表格的结构。
同样,即使表格的结构已被映射,在某些情况下,表格也可能会请求用户以前没有提供给服务器的信息;在这种情况下,中央数据库中可能会没有用于完成表格的所有必要的数据。除了提供可提示用户进行这种输入的一种接口和利用该接口来完成表格以外,系统还可以适用于将该数据保存在用户的数据库记录中的合适的位置。
还有一种情况,在网上浏览时遇到被映射的表格的用户可以选择输入所请求或需要的用户数据并手工提交表格。一旦识别“卸载”事件,就可以解析HTML并将用户手工填写的数据转送到中央服务器。由于表格被映射,因此,系统可以识别字段名称和与其有关的对应的用户数据;在用户正在提交还没有被记录在数据库中的数据的情况下,中央服务器处的程序脚本可以将用户所提供的数据与已知的字段名称相匹配,经用户同意后,可以将最近提供的用户数据存储在数据库记录中的合适的位置。
或者,表格可能会需要当前没有被记录在数据库中的某些任选的数据,但是,用户可能不想提供这些数据。如有关上述实施例的描述,表格填写功能也许只能在可能的程度上完成表格,而实际上不能提交完成的表格。虽然减轻了用户手工填写所有字段的负担,但可能仍然请求用户检查所完成的表格的准确性,并且那时还可能会删除任选的数据并更改任何给定的字段中所提供的信息。或者,在系统适用于自动提交表格的情况下,较佳的是,有选择地提示用户根据自己的判断力来提供任何任选的数据。
从前述内容中将会理解,一旦用户已登录到中央服务器处的登记帐户,表格填写特点就会提供重要的便利。只要通过从实用程序窗口中选择表格填写选项,用户就可以在需要很少或不需要手工输入的条件下自动地完成整个表格或表格的一些部分。此外,当被卸载的特定网页指出表格(已由用户手工提交)正在不依靠表格填写特点而被提交时,系统可以识别来自用户的输入。用这种方式,系统可以根据用户的经历来“学会”今后从其他用户调用的表格填写操作来映射表格。
例如,当用户想要登录到电子邮件服务器或电子商务Web网站处的特定的登记帐户时,本发明的系统也提供了明显的便利。典型的Web浏览器应用程序提供了用户频繁访问的Web网站的清单(可以进行编辑)。通常的实现情况是,“书签”或“喜爱”清单只是使用户能够进到特定的网站,而无须将该网站的URL打入浏览器GUI中的文本框;也就是说,书签只是能够将浏览器指引到电脑空间中被规定的地址的导航工具。
另一方面,本发明将典型书签的导航应用工具与类似于以上所述的一种用户化表格填写操作结合起来。这种结合的最终结果是“智能”书签,该书签不仅可以将用户导航到所规定的帐户的登录网页,而且可以完成和提交登录表格,从而在无须用户进一步介入的条件下使用户进入登记帐户。
当登录以上参考图3描述的中央服务器时,可以将这个登录特点的接口安装入实用程序窗口。例如,在这个特别的实例中,接口可以包括一个下拉式菜单,该下拉式菜单可以包括一个操作选项,用于设置将被显示为该菜单中的独立选择的帐户。
例如,用相同的方式,用户可以在单个电子邮件服务器处保持多个电子邮件帐户,用户可以在其他类型的服务器(例如,电子商务Web网站)处保持不止一个登记帐户。本发明的系统可记录相同领域中有关多个帐户的必要数据,它们对应于(例如)相同服务器处的家庭帐户和工作帐户。相反,一个网站处的帐户可能会授权登记用户在一个完全不同的领域中的一个不同的Web网站(也许由相同的实体或联合品牌的合伙人来操作)登录;也就是说,在一个Web网站建立帐户可以潜在地授权登记用户使用用户登记的Web网站所识别的相同的用户名和密码来访问在不同位置的该Web网站的合伙入网站。本发明的系统能够识别至少与被映射的网站有关的这些类型的合伙帐户。
例如,由于可以通过实用程序窗口中所提供的接口来获得多个帐户,因此,为其调用登录特点的每个帐户可以被提供一个独特的标识符或别名,该标识符或别名将被显示在菜单或清单中,用于识别帐户。如果用户正在尝试提交与相同字段中的第二个帐户或随后的帐户有关的数据,则中央服务器处的程序代码(通过用户的计算机终端处的接口代码进行操作)可以通知用户所选网站处已存在一个帐户,并提示用户确定新的用户名和密码以及新帐户的一个不同的别名。
如上所述,例如,在特定的网上浏览期间,用户只需要从下拉式菜单中选择一个帐户,以便调用将使用户进入所选的登记帐户的程序脚本。但是,最初,必须输入为其激活登录特点的帐户,以便系统可以识别这些帐户。从用户的角度来看,三种潜在的情况请求具有登录特点的接口,用于设置一个帐户,以便将来在该帐户方面,登录特点完全是切实可行的:登录表格已被映射;用户调用“自定义添加”特点来设置Web网站帐户;或者,用户尝试不依靠登录特点来登录到帐户。
在第一种情况下,在表格填写特点方面,特定Web网站的登录表格已如上所述被映射入系统。所以,系统已知道登录网页的URL和登录表格的结构;该信息如上所述被存储在有关特殊的表格标识符串的表格数据库记录中。用户可以在实用程序窗口中获得具有已被映射的登录表格的、被识别的Web网站的清单,用户可以从活动选项中选择一个选项,以导航到特定网站的登录网页。
在这个实施例中,被输入用户的计算机终端的程序代码对登录网页的HTML进行解析并识别“加载”事件,这表明网页到达用户的浏览器。当检测“加载”事件时,可以调用以上讨论的表格填写技术;HTML被解析,独特的表格标识符串被传输到中央服务器,服务器处的程序代码检查用户的数据库记录来确定是否为将被提交的、被识别的登录表格记录用户名和密码。如果帐户以前没有被记录在系统中,则表格填写例行程序会提示用户与特定帐户有关的用户名和密码。系统不仅用用户所提供的数据完成表格,而且还将该数据存储在与独特的表格标识符串有关的用户的数据库记录中。由此,为表格填写例行程序提供所有必要的数据,用于将来对表格进行整体填写。
本发明的登录特点较佳地包括实际提交表格的附加步骤。用户的计算机终端处的程序代码执行提交表格的程序脚本。包括一张表格的HTML网页通常包括一个操作按钮或其他机制,用于执行卸载网页并将HTML数据传递给需要表格的服务器的提交脚本。登录特点可以包括模拟选择HTML网页中的操作按钮的程序代码。相应地,可以在软件控制下提交表格,从而使用户登录入所选的帐户。利用现在被存储在中央服务器中的所有必要的帐户数据,将来的登录操作只是在实用程序窗口接口中选择帐户而已。
例如,建立只模拟选择HTML中的按钮来提交表格的一个程序脚本,这是个相对简单明了的过程;但是,当表格动作更加复杂时,用于模拟包括所需参数以及表格提交的程序脚本会相对应地更加复杂。在某些实例中,用于将给定的表格提交给Web服务器的机制不提供通过软件介入来提交表格或有计划地提交表格。例如,可以请求功能性参数(被嵌入返回到需要表格的服务器的HTML代码)指出提交的方式;若缺少这些参数,则会导致登录尝试失败。
本发明的系统适用于识别复杂的表格动作,并可以包括程序代码,以更改将被提交的表格的动作。在更改表格动作的过程中,由系统建立的提交可以包括所请求的参数,如果曾使用低级脚本(例如,只模拟选择按钮的脚本)来有计划地提交表格,则将会省略这些参数。精通该技术字段的人将会理解,这样修改表格动作是:最初解析HTML来识别所请求的参数,并且,作为响应,包括代表与表格数据一起被提交的HTML中的那些参数的文本字段。
在设置Web网站帐户的第二种情况下,登录表格以前没有被映射,但用户从实用程序窗口中调用“自定义添加”特点。选择自定义添加特点会启动一个程序脚本,该程序脚本提示用户输入信息的三个必要的项目:登录网页的URL;在其下保持登记帐户的用户名;以及有关帐户的密码。此外,用户可以输入将被显示在菜单或清单中的一个名称,用于识别帐户,或者,经用户同意后,系统可以根据登录网页的URL中的域名来分配或建议帐户的一个名称。
浏览器被导航到登录网页URL,HTML被加以解析,独特的表格标识符串被传输到服务器。但是,在这种情况下,由于登录表格还没有被映射,因此,中央服务器处的程序代码不能将标识符串与任何以前被映射的表格相匹配,结果,系统不具备有关登录表格的结构或布置的任何信息。在中央服务器处实现启发式算法,以识别用户所提供的URL处的登录表格的性质和结构。
该算法解析HTML并搜索具有被嵌入HTML代码的用户名和密码字段的登录表格。由于任何给定的HTML网页可能具有被嵌入其代码的不止一张表格,因此,该算法首先只努力识别具有相对较少的字段(例如,4个或更少)的表格;这是合理的,因为多数登录表格只请求一个用户名和密码。由于“密码”字段在HTML代码中是独特的,因此,算法接下来识别存在的任何密码字段并忽略任何具有一个以上密码字段的表格;这种表格很有可能是登记表格(通常请求用户重新输入密码来验证),而不是登录表格。当已识别具有单个密码字段的一张简短的表格时,算法假设密码字段前面的字段是用户名字段。
一旦完成前述的启发式算法,就已充分、详细地检查好登录表格,使表格填写例行程序能够准确地填充表格,情况归结到登录表格以前已被映射的第一种情况。表格填写脚本被调用,可以为用户提示用户名和密码数据(然后,该信息较佳地被存储在用户的数据库记录中),可以提交表格。在一个替代性实施例中,自定义添加特点不适用于自动提交登录表格,而是为用户提供机会来确定启发式算法曾正确地映射表格并确保已在适当的位置填写了用户名和密码数据。
在设置Web网站帐户的第三种情况下,用户尝试不依靠登录特点来登录到帐户。在这种情况下,用户的计算机终端处的程序代码捕捉“卸载”事件,并解析HTML,以确定用户是否正在通过检查独特的表格标识符串来提交登记表格。或者,表格以前已被映射(在这种情况下,情节类似于上述的第一种情况),或者,表格还没有被映射(在这种情况下,情节当作上述的自定义添加情况来处理)。
不管设置登记帐户来运用登录特点的方式如何,一旦已为中央服务器提供所有必要的数据,当选择实用程序窗口接口中的所需帐户时,有关任何登记帐户的随后的登录就可以是自动的。用户的计算机终端处的程序脚本将浏览器导航到登录网页URL。一旦捕捉“加载”事件,就调用表格填写例行程序,将登录表格数据发送到中央服务器,从与登录表格的标识符串有关的合适的数据库记录中提取用户名和密码数据,并使用用户的计算机终端处的程序脚本来将该用户数据插入表格。最后,程序脚本模拟选择登录网页处的提交选项,以便将表格提交给Web服务器,使用户自动进入所选择的登记帐户。
从前述内容可见,根据本发明设计的一种系统提供了对用于专用应用程序的普通Web浏览器的性能(尤其在使平常必须完全进行手工操作的某些互动自动化的方面)进行多方面的、有效率的和个性化的扩展。这里所揭示的较佳实施例已经只通过举例(而不通过限制)来加以描述和展示。从前述详细的揭示说明中,精通该技术字段的人将会明白对本发明的其他修改和变更。这里只特别描述了本发明的某些实施例,但将会明白,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以对其进行许多修改。
Claims (26)
1.用于使各个计算机服务器之间的数据事务自动化的一种系统,其特征在于,
所述系统包括:
第一计算机服务器,用于维护具有被记录在其内的、所存储的数据的数据库;
在所述第一计算机服务器处用于响应于请求而有选择地提取所述被存储的数据的组件;以及,
附加的组件,用于:
将一表格中未知的字段名称与第一计算机服务器上的运行记录中以前遇到的字段名称进行比较;
将类似于未知的字段名称的以前遇到的字段名称中的数据映射到该未知的字段名称上;以及
用所映射的数据来填充所述表格的字段。
2.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括:用于将所述表格中代表所有字段的串连接起来以创建标识符串的组件。
3.如权利请求2所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括:至少一个组件,用于从所述标识符串中识别出代表已知字段名称的子串和用于用所提取的数据来填充所述已知字段名称。
4.如权利请求2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述标识符串包括所述表格的通用资源定位器。
5.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述表格包括:登录表格和登记表格。
6.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括:用于根据与具有已知字段名称的字段的类似度来识别未知字段名称的组件。
7.如权利请求6所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一计算机服务器允许通过使用所提取的数据来填充空白表格以创建经填充的表格。
8.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括:
用于根据由所述用户填充所述未知表格期间所提供的用户数据为一未知表格创建表格映射的组件。
9.如权利请求8所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括在所述第一计算机服务器上维护的附加数据库,所述附加数据库具有记录在其中的被存储表格数据,所述被存储表格数据与至少一个其他计算机服务器所需要的表格相关。
10.如权利请求9所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括:
用于将所述表格中的数据字段与至少一个其他计算机服务器所需要的表格相关的被存储表格数据进行比较的组件。
11.如权利请求9所述的系统,其特征在于,所述被存储表格数据包括对来自所述至少一个其他计算机服务器的数据进行分析后的数据。
12.如权利请求10所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括:
根据空白表格中的数据字段与所述被存储的表格数据进行比较的结果来填充所述空白表格以创建经填充的表格的组件。
13.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括用于自动将所述经填充的表格提交给第二计算机服务器的组件。
14.如权利请求1所述的系统,其特征在于,进一步包括用于分析所述表格以识别应该使用所述被提取的数据中的哪些数据来填充所述空白表格的至少一个部分的组件。
15.使各个计算机服务器之间的数据事务自动化的一种方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
在第一计算机服务器处维护具有被记录在其内的、所存储的数据的数据库;
响应于请求来有选择地提取所述被存储的数据;
将未知的字段名称与第一计算机服务器上的运行记录中以前遇到的字段名称进行比较;
将类似于未知的字段名称的以前遇到的字段名称中的数据映射到该未知的字段名称上;以及
用所映射的数据来填充表格的字段。
16.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下述步骤:将所述表格中代表所有字段的串连接起来以创建标识符串。
17.如权利请求16所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下述步骤:从所述标识符串中识别出代表已知字段名称的子串并用所提取的数据来填充所述已知字段名称。
18.如权利请求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述标识符串包括所述表格的通用资源定位器。
19.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述表格包括:登录表格和登记表格。
20.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:
根据与具有已知字段名称的字段的类似度来识别未知字段名称。
21.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:
根据由所述用户填充所述未知表格期间所提供的用户数据为一未知表格创建表格映射。
22.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一计算机服务器上维护附加数据库,所述附加数据库具有记录在其中的被存储表格数据,所述被存储表格数据与至少一个其他计算机服务器所需要的表格相关。
23.如权利请求22所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:将所述表格中的数据字段与至少一个其他计算机服务器所需要的表格相关的被存储表格数据进行比较。
24.如权利请求22所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:
对来自所述至少一个其他计算机服务器的表格数据进行分析。
25.如权利请求24所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:根据空白表格中的数据字段与所述被存储的表格数据进行比较的结果来填充所述空白表格以创建经填充的表格。
26.如权利请求15所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:分析所述表格以识别应该使用所述被提取的数据中的哪些数据来填充所述空白表格的至少一个部分。
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EP1852784A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
US20050256841A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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US6981028B1 (en) | 2005-12-27 |
JP2004501426A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
DE60128676T2 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
EP1279116B1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
US6662340B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
DE60128676D1 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
US20040068693A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CN1439133A (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
WO2001084359A3 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
AU2001259162A1 (en) | 2001-11-12 |
ATE363692T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
EP1279116A2 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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