CN100419025C - Water retaining fertilizer retaining multifunction polymer composite material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Water retaining fertilizer retaining multifunction polymer composite material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100419025C CN100419025C CNB2006101247350A CN200610124735A CN100419025C CN 100419025 C CN100419025 C CN 100419025C CN B2006101247350 A CNB2006101247350 A CN B2006101247350A CN 200610124735 A CN200610124735 A CN 200610124735A CN 100419025 C CN100419025 C CN 100419025C
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Abstract
This invention relates to a multifunctional high polymer composite which has the ability of hydrating, water holding and delayed release of chemical fertilizer and its preparation. The feature of the invention is that it is formed formblely by a mixture of high polymer bibulous, delayed release high polymer nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and polyurethane soft foam. The weight amount of raw materials is that high polymer bibulous 10-40, delayed release high polymer nitrogenous fertilizer 5-20, inorganic phosphate fertilizer 2.5-10, potash fertilizer and polyurethane soft foam 50-51.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly can absorb water, water conservation, multifunction polymer composite material that again can release controlled fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Desertification is 21 century one of the serious environmental problem that faced of human society.Be subjected to the harm of desertification at China's nearly 400,000,000 populations in arid and semi-arid area.The control of desertification has been subjected to the extensive concern of international community.The soil water storage in desertification soil and fertilising, guarantor's fertilizer become two key issues that desertification soil need with improvement to recover solution.So must develop a kind of ecological functions matrix material that adapts to desert Environment, overcome moisture in the desert soil environment, water retention is low, the disadvantage that growth elements lacks makes it the growth of suitable eremophyte.Water-holding agent is owing to have effects such as special drought resisting, water saving, water conservation, keeps a full stand of seedings crop, aspects such as combating drought and raising yields, the production of city flowers and trees have obtained extensive must the application.The preparation release controlled fertilizer has also become hot issue in the agricultural.Yet the two combination but lacks extensive and deep research at present.
The present stage people are just fertilizer and water-holding agent physical mixed or obtain containing the polymer of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium with water solution polymerization process graft copolymerization.But physics oozes that to close when using fertilizer loss serious, and utilization ratio is not high, and fertilizer permeates the ground and may pollute underground water source, produces new pollution problem again.Graft copolymerization is realized than difficult again aspect synthetic.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can absorb water, water conservation, multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility that again can release controlled fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility, it is characterized in that it is mainly formed by polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material feedstock mixed foaming, the shared weight percent of each raw material is:
Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 10-40,
High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5-20,
Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10,
Potassic fertilizer 2.5-10,
Polyurethane flexible foam material 50-51.
The shared weight percent the best of each raw material is:
Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 40,
High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5,
Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5,
Potassic fertilizer 2.5,
Polyurethane flexible foam material 50.
Described polymer water-absorbent be starch be polymer water-absorbent, cellulose-based polymer water-absorbent, protein be polymer water-absorbent, synthetic be any one or any one above mixing in the polymer water-absorbent, be any proportioning during mixing.
Described high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit or poly-isobutylidene two ureas.
Described inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is any one or any one the above mixing in potassium primary phosphate, the calcium superphosphate, is any proportioning during mixing.
Described potassic fertilizer is the mixing of any one or two kinds in vitriolate of tartar, the Repone K, is any proportioning during mixing.
Described polyurethane flexible foam material is formed by polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, stablizer silicone oil and the foaming of whipping agent water, the shared parts by weight of each raw material are: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, 1.5 parts in water.The very light and uniform in foaming of the density of described polyurethane flexible foam material is 0.028885g/cm
3The abscess of polyurethane flexible foam material communicates with one another, breathes freely mutually.
Catalyzer is any one or any one the above mixing in dibutyl dilaurate, stannous octoate, trolamine, hexahydroaniline, triethylenediamine, the tetramethyl butane diamine, is any proportioning during mixing.
Catalyzer is trolamine or stannous octoate and dibutyl tin dilaurate, and shared parts by weight are: 0.1 part of trolamine or stannous octoate, 0.05 part of dibutyl tin dilaurate.
Described polyether glycol is any one or any one the above mixing among polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613, polyethers N330, polyethers Propylan 1, the polyethers Propylan 3, is any proportioning during mixing.Usually require high reactivity polyoxyalkylene hydrocarbyl ether molecular weight at 4500-6500, contain the 40-85% that the primary hydroxyl amount accounts for total hydroxyl value.
The preparation method of the multifunction polymer composite material of above-mentioned a kind of preserve moisture and fertility is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 1.5 parts in 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil and water, choose polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water; At room temperature polyether glycol, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 9-11 minute, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane;
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 10-40, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 5-20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10, potassic fertilizer 2.5-10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer are stirred, join while stirring in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1), and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, make foam be full of mould, put 100-120 ℃ of curing oven 2-3 hour again into, take out finished product and be stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
The time that described polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer join in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1) while stirring is: tolylene diisocyanate adds in polyether glycol, water, catalyzer and the silicone oil reaction and carries out 16-22 during second (the best is 19 seconds).
The present invention organically combines polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer as high polymer binder by using the polyurethane flexible foam material, is composited.The coating of polyurethane flexible foam material chitin formula can make polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, and full and uniform contacting is blended in the sand with potassic fertilizer, do not run off, and prolonged preservation is in wherein.When polymer water-absorbent (or claim hydroscopic high-molecular resin) when being drawn onto water, the fertilizer element of chemical fertilizer is also soluble in water simultaneously and along with moisture is drawn into polymer water-absorbent.When polymer water-absorbent discharged water, plant can be drawn onto moisture and nutritive ingredient simultaneously.The polymer water-absorbent of intension is preserve moisture and fertility effectively, the adding of high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer then in considerable time the growth for plant the sufficient nutrient material is provided, satisfy the growth needs of plantation plant in desert Environment.
The present invention adopts polymer water-absorbent as water conservation, the water storage material, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is as the slowly-releasing form of nitrogenous fertilizer, add inorganic phosphorus potash fertilizer again, polymer binder---the polyurethane flexible foam material is with the form of polymer interpenetrating(polymer)networks by using, two kinds of functional high molecule materials and inorganic materials are organically combined, form suction, water conservation, the multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility that again can release controlled fertilizer, this material can absorb water, water conservation, has release controlled fertilizer again, can improve chemical fertilizer efficient, reduce the function of pollution by chemical fertilizer and the function of connection soil granular, be a kind of novel sand-fixing vegetation material.The present invention is suitable for improveing the desertification soil, as farming, the woods of desertificated area, herd, plant such as gardening uses nutrient material, can saving water, resisting drought, release controlled fertilizer reduces chemical fertilizer to phreatic pollution, improves the soil and preserves the ecological environment.Carried out the plant growing experiment with alfalfa, material of the present invention has obvious facilitation to alfalfa growing.
The time of the particle adding polyurethane flexible foam material of polymer water-absorbent and chemical fertilizer is extremely important, influence the last performance of material, when the reaction of polyether glycol and tolylene diisocyanate is carried out 19 seconds, add polymer water-absorbent and the slowly-releasing chemical fertilizer granule more suitable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the root system comparison diagram of sharp sand soil and sample 1# material alfalfa planting
Among the figure: left side a figure is the clover of 1# material plantation, and the right b figure is the clover of sharp sand soil plantation.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples.
Raw material used in the present invention:
1. polymer water-absorbent, the following various types of water-retaining agents of optional usefulness according to the speed of reality suction and the size of water-intake rate, can use separately, but also several are used in combination.
Starch is polymer water-absorbent: starch-grafted vinyl cyanide polymer water-absorbent,
Starch graft acrylic acid family macromolecule water-retaining agent,
Starch graft acrylic acid amine polymer water-absorbent,
Starch graft acrylic acid lipid polymer water-absorbent,
The polymer water-absorbent of starch-grafted other type.
Cellulose-based polymer water-absorbent: cellulose graft acrylic polymer water-retaining agent,
Cellulose graft acrylic amine family macromolecule water-retaining agent,
Cellulose graft alkene nitrile polymer water-absorbent,
Mierocrystalline cellulose/vinyl acetate graft copolymerized polymer water-retaining agent,
Mierocrystalline cellulose/multiple monomer-grafted copolymerized macromolecule water-retaining agent.
Protein is polymer water-absorbent: silk protein biopolymer water-retaining agent,
Silk grafting biopolymer water-retaining agent,
Cruel fibroin graft copolymerized polymer water-retaining agent,
Plain polymer of natural high moleculer eompound and decomposing biological thereof and water-retaining agent.
Synthetic is polymer water-absorbent: acid acrylic acid family macromolecule water-retaining agent,
The polyvinyl alcohol polymer water-absorbent,
Polyacrylonitrile family macromolecule water-retaining agent,
Acid acrylamide polymer water-absorbent,
Polyoxyalkylene hydro carbons polymer water-absorbent,
The polyethylene glycols polymer water-absorbent,
Poly-Heterobicyclic compounds polymer water-absorbent.
2. high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, available high molecular chemial fertilizer type can use separately, but also several is used in combination.
1) uramit, 2) poly-isobutylidene two ureas.
3. the polyurethane flexible foam material is mainly formed by polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, stablizer silicone oil and the foaming of whipping agent water.Polyether glycol requires high reactivity polyoxyalkylene hydrocarbyl ether molecular weight at 4500-6500 usually, contains the 40-85% that the primary hydroxyl amount accounts for total hydroxyl value.The polyether glycol that the present invention adopts mainly contains:
Polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613 industry ARCO chemical company,
Polyethers N330 industry Jinling Petrochemical Co.,
Polyethers Propylan 1 Lankro company,
Polyethers Propylan 3 Lankro companies,
Above raw material both can use separately, also can be used in combination.
A, selection of catalysts are selected organotin and tertiary amines for use, and both compound use synergies better.
Organic tin: dibutyl dilaurate, stannous octoate.
Tertiary amines: trolamine, hexahydroaniline, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl butane diamine.
B, suds-stabilizing agent: silicone oil, silicone oil L520.
C, whipping agent: pure water.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation method of sample 1#:
1), choose raw material:
Polymer water-absorbent is selected hydroxylated cellulose grafted propylene acid sodium-salt polymer water-absorbent (for existing, belonging to cellulose graft acrylic polymer water-retaining agent class) for use,
Powder size 200 order 39.85g,
High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is selected uramit powder size 200 order 5g for use,
Mineral manure is selected potassium primary phosphate and Repone K 5g (potassium primary phosphate and Repone K respectively are 2.5g) for use,
The about 56mg KOH/g of polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613 hydroxyl value technical grade, 30g,
Tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) 18g,
Stannous octoate 0.05g,
Triethylenediamine 0.1g,
Water 1.5g,
Silicone oil 0.5g;
2), get the 30g polyether-tribasic alcohol, add 1.5g water, 0.05g stannous octoate, 0.1g triethylenediamine, 0.5g silicone oil respectively successively, evenly stirred 10 minutes;
3), again 18g tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) is added step 2) in the liquid of preparation, stir, after 15 seconds, add 40g hydroxylated cellulose grafted propylene acid sodium-salt polymer water-absorbent, 5g uramit, 5g potassium primary phosphate and Repone K, after continuation is stirred and is treated that liquid material turns white, rapidly liquid is poured into preprepared mould 100mm * 100mm * 100mm, after making foam be full of mould, put into 100-120 ℃ of baking oven slaking 2 hours again, the taking-up finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation.
How the present invention has studied effectively with polymer water-absorbent and release controlled fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material mixing, and they are embedded in the netted structure of urethane securely, and they are separated out from hole after reducing the material water-swellable.The relation of joining day (beginning to have mixed in polyether-tribasic alcohol and tolylene diisocyanate) and material property to them compares test, wherein the polyurethane flexible foam material is 50 parts, and polymer water-absorbent and fertilizer (high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer) respectively account for 25 parts.The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 joining day is to effect of material performance
| Joining day (s) | Water-intake rate (%) | Water retention (%) | The release rate of nitrogen (%) |
| 10 | 55 | 37.2 | 3.4 |
| 13 | 63 | 39.6 | 3.9 |
| 16 | 72 | 40.5 | 4.2 |
| 19 | 78 | 44.4 | 4.5 |
| 22 | 73 | 40.3 | 4.3 |
| 25 | 67 | 39.7 | 3.8 |
| 28 | 6 | 37.8 | 3.4 |
| 31 | 59 | 36.5 | 2.9 |
The performance of particulate joining day to water-absorbing material has certain influence.Take all factors into consideration, it is considered herein that, it is more suitable to add when 19s is carried out in the reaction of polyether glycol and tolylene diisocyanate.
By preparation method's (raw material of polyurethane flexible foam material is constant, and weight relationships is constant) of said sample 1#, change the addition of polymer water-absorbent, chemical fertilizer, can make 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# sample.
The proportioning raw materials situation of each sample of table 2 expression
| Polymer water-absorbent addition (g) | Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer (g) | High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer addition (g) | |
| 1# | 40 | 5 | 5 |
| 2# | 30 | 10 | 10 |
| 3# | 25 | 12 | 13 |
| 4# | 20 | 15 | 15 |
| 5# | 10 | 20 | 20 |
Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer respectively account for half in the table 2.
The test value of each sample water-intake rate of table 3
| Water absorbent rate (multiple of own wt) | Water conservation multiplying power (multiple of own wt) | |
| 1# | 135 | 56.2 |
| 2# | 98 | 51.5 |
| 3# | 78 | 44.4 |
| 4# | 61 | 56.2 |
| 5# | 32 | 45.6 |
Each sample of table 4 is placed in room temperature (25 ℃) water, the release rate test value of nitrogen
| 1 day | 10 days | 30 days | 60 days | |
| 1# | 0.2 | 0.55 | 1.2 | 3.4 |
| 2# | 0.52 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 6.2 |
| 3# | 0.62 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 7.4 |
| 4# | 0.7 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 8.4 |
| 5# | 0.8 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 9.1 |
In the experiment of plant growing, carry out the work of finished product aspect the sand plantation.Ratio in 0.2%, 0.1% is mixed with diameter the matrix material of the present invention of different components for the 2mm sand, carried out the plantation of alfalfa, and the water yield and plant-growth situation executed in record in the planting process.
As shown in Figure 1, soil is executed this matrix material has obvious facilitation to alfalfa growing.What plant height, the number of blade, leaf area all had under the plantation situation than sharp sand soil rises appreciably, but also can improve a number and grain is heavy, and output and precipitation utilising efficiency are improved significantly.The cultivation effect of 40: 10 components of 0.2% is best in the experiment cultivation of each different polymer water-absorbents and release controlled fertilizer mass ratio, the material of this component promptly can satisfy the ability that the required nitrogen element of plant-growth can strengthen the sandy soil water-absorbing-retaining again economically, provides a good growing environment to clover.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility, it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 30 parts of polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613,18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 9-11 minute, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane; Wherein catalyzer is stannous octoate and dibutyl tin dilaurate, and shared parts by weight are: 0.1 part of stannous octoate, 0.05 part of dibutyl tin dilaurate.
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 10, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 10, potassic fertilizer 10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Wherein polymer water-absorbent is that starch graft acrylic acid family macromolecule water-retaining agent (or claims starch graft acrylic acid class super strength water absorbent, or title starch graft acrylic acid class super absorbent resin, for existing), high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and potassic fertilizer is a vitriolate of tartar;
Polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer are stirred, join in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1) (when tolylene diisocyanate and polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613 reaction are carried out 16 seconds) while stirring, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, mould is according to producing the needs design, make foam be full of mould, put 100 ℃ of curing ovens 3 hours again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility, it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyether glycol, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 11 minutes, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane; Wherein catalyzer is trolamine and dibutyl tin dilaurate, shared parts by weight are: 0.1 part of trolamine, 0.05 part of dibutyl tin dilaurate, described polyether glycol is the mixture that polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613, polyethers N330, polyethers Propylan 1 and polyethers Propylan 3 mix, and polyether-tribasic alcohol PPG5613 is that 10 parts, polyethers N33010 part, polyethers Propylan 1 are that 5 parts, polyethers Propylan 3 are 5 parts.
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 40, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 5, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5, potassic fertilizer 2.5, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Wherein polymer water-absorbent is polyvinyl alcohol polymer water-absorbent (or claim the polyvinyl alcohol water-retaining agent, for existing), and high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is potassium primary phosphate, and potassic fertilizer is a Repone K;
Polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer are stirred, join in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1) (when tolylene diisocyanate and polyether glycol reaction are carried out 19 seconds) while stirring, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, mould is according to producing the needs design, make foam be full of mould, put 120 ℃ of curing ovens 2 hours again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of preparation method of multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility, it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: polyethers N33030 part, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyethers N330, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyethers N330, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 9-11 minute, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane; Wherein catalyzer is dibutyl dilaurate and triethylenediamine, 0.1 part of dibutyl dilaurate, 0.05 part of triethylenediamine.
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 20, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 10, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 10, potassic fertilizer 10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Wherein polymer water-absorbent is poly-Heterobicyclic compounds polymer water-absorbent (or claim poly-Heterobicyclic compounds water-retaining agent, for existing), and high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is poly-isobutylidene two ureas, and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and potassic fertilizer is a Repone K;
Polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer are stirred, join in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1) (when tolylene diisocyanate and polyethers N330 reaction are carried out 22 seconds) while stirring, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, mould is according to producing the needs design, make foam be full of mould, put 100 ℃ of curing ovens 2 hours again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of preparation method of multifunction polymer composite material of preserve moisture and fertility, it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 1 30 parts of polyethers Propylan, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyethers Propylan 1, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyethers Propylan 1, water, catalyzer and silicone oil being stirred, (this measure purpose is to mix gas in reactant, so that material after foaming effect better), stir after 10 minutes, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane; Wherein catalyzer is dibutyl dilaurate, hexahydroaniline and tetramethyl butane diamine, 0.05 part of dibutyl dilaurate, hexahydroaniline 0.05, and tetramethyl butane diamine 0.05,
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 25, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5, potassic fertilizer 2.5, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; Wherein polymer water-absorbent is starch graft acrylic acid family macromolecule water-retaining agent and polyvinyl alcohol polymer water-absorbent, starch graft acrylic acid family macromolecule water-retaining agent 15, polyvinyl alcohol polymer water-absorbent 10; High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit and poly-isobutylidene two ureas, and uramit is 10, and poly-isobutylidene two ureas are 10; Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, potassium primary phosphate and calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate 0.5, potassium primary phosphate 1.0, calcium superphosphate 1.0; Potassic fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar and Repone K, vitriolate of tartar 1.0, Repone K 1.5;
Polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer are stirred, join in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1) (when tolylene diisocyanate and polyethers Propylan 1 reaction are carried out 19 seconds) while stirring, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, mould is according to producing the needs design, make foam be full of mould, put 110 ℃ of curing ovens 2 hours again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
The bound value and the interval value of polymer water-absorbent of the present invention, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer, polyurethane flexible foam material feedstock can both be realized the present invention, just do not enumerate embodiment one by one at this.
Claims (3)
1. the multifunction polymer composite material of a preserve moisture and fertility, it is characterized in that it is mainly formed by polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material feedstock mixed foaming, the shared weight percent of each raw material is:
Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 10-40,
High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5-20,
Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10,
Potassic fertilizer 2.5-10,
Polyurethane flexible foam material 50-51;
Described polymer water-absorbent be starch be polymer water-absorbent, cellulose-based polymer water-absorbent, protein be polymer water-absorbent, synthetic be any one or any one above mixing in the polymer water-absorbent, be any proportioning during mixing;
Described high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is uramit or poly-isobutylidene two ureas;
Described inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is any one or any one the above mixing in potassium primary phosphate, the calcium superphosphate, is any proportioning during mixing;
Described potassic fertilizer is the mixing of any one or two kinds in vitriolate of tartar, the Repone K, is any proportioning during mixing;
Described polyurethane flexible foam material is formed by polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water foaming, the shared parts by weight of each raw material are: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of stablizer silicone oil, 1.5 parts of whipping agent pure water.
2. the multifunction polymer composite material of a kind of preserve moisture and fertility according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The shared weight percent of each raw material is:
Polymer water-absorbent powder, granularity are 200-300 order 40,
High molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer powder, granularity are 200-300 order 5,
Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5,
Potassic fertilizer 2.5,
Polyurethane flexible foam material 50.
3. the preparation method of the multifunction polymer composite material of a kind of preserve moisture and fertility as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1). polyurethane flexible foam material preparation: be by the shared parts by weight of raw material: 30 parts of polyether glycols, 18 parts of tolylene diisocyanates, 0.15 part of catalyzer, 0.5 part of silicone oil, water are chosen polyether glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, catalyzer, silicone oil and water for 1.5 parts; At room temperature polyether glycol, water, catalyzer and silicone oil are stirred, stir after 9-11 minute, add tolylene diisocyanate rapidly, stir 8-9 after second, foam under the natural condition, get the initial flexible foam body of urethane;
2). mixed foaming, curing and aftertreatment: be by the shared weight percent of each raw material: polymer water-absorbent 10-40, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer 5-20, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer 2.5-10, potassic fertilizer 2.5-10, polyurethane flexible foam material 50 are chosen polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer, potassic fertilizer and polyurethane flexible foam material; With polymer water-absorbent, high molecular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer and potassic fertilizer stir, join while stirring in the initial flexible foam body of urethane of step 1), joining day is: tolylene diisocyanate adds polyether glycol, water, reaction is carried out 16-22 during second in catalyzer and the silicone oil, and stir to stopping after material turns white and stir, liquid is poured in the preprepared mould rapidly, make foam be full of mould, put 100-120 ℃ of curing oven 2-3 hour again into, taking out finished product is stirred to Powdered with electric blender, dry encapsulation gets product.
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| CN100419025C true CN100419025C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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| US8303680B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-11-06 | Basf Se | Encapsulated particle |
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| CN102108117B (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-11-14 | 温州亿俐德海绵制品有限公司 | Method for preparing ultra-soft low-density sponge |
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