CN112028688A - High-efficiency fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil - Google Patents
High-efficiency fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112028688A CN112028688A CN202010923297.4A CN202010923297A CN112028688A CN 112028688 A CN112028688 A CN 112028688A CN 202010923297 A CN202010923297 A CN 202010923297A CN 112028688 A CN112028688 A CN 112028688A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, and particularly discloses a high-efficiency fertilizer-retention nutrient soil. The nutrient soil is prepared from leaf mold, burnt soil, coconut husk and a nutrient agent as raw materials, wherein the nutrient agent is prepared from a water-retaining agent, water-based degradable polyurethane, a water-soluble fertilizer and titanium dioxide. The nutrient soil has excellent fertilizer retention capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, in particular to a powerful fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil.
Background
The invention patent with publication number CN109964787A provides a strong-effect fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil, which is formed by mixing leaf mold, garden soil, cake fertilizer residue and perlite, is suitable for the growth of plants such as flowers, plants, vegetables and the like, and has low cost. However, the fertilizer efficiency of the nutrient soil is reduced rapidly in actual use, so that a nutrient soil with strong fertilizer retention capacity is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the nutrient soil in the related art is poor in fertilizer retention capacity, the application provides a powerful fertilizer retention nutrient soil.
The application provides a strong effect fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil adopts following technical scheme:
a strong-effect fertilizer-retention nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide ═ 5-20: (6-18): (7-17): (4-12); the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared by taking isophorone diisocyanate, polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol as main raw materials;
the preparation method of the nutritional agent comprises the following steps: the water-based degradable polyurethane and the water-soluble fertilizer are uniformly mixed, and then the water-retaining agent and the titanium dioxide are added and uniformly mixed to prepare the nutrient.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the synergistic effect of the water-retaining agent, the titanium dioxide and the water-based degradable polyurethane, the water-based degradable polyurethane is gradually degraded, so that the nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by plants in the nutrient soil are continuously released, and the problem of poor fertilizer-retaining capability of the nutrient soil is finally solved.
Preferably, the nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide ═ 10-15: (10-14): (12-15): (6-10).
By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient has better effect and leads the flowering (fruit) period of the plant to be longer.
Preferably, the nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide 13:12:13: 9.
by adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient has good effect, and the diameter of the flower crown, the ground diameter and the height of the plant are better.
Preferably, the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared from a component A, a component B and a component C in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, wherein the component A is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 50 percent, the component B is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 25 percent, and the component C is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 75 percent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the degradation time of the waterborne degradable polyurethane is different due to different mole fractions of polycaprolactone in a soft segment, so that the degradation time of the component A, the component B and the component C in the waterborne degradable polyurethane is different, nutrients required by plant growth can be gradually released, and the flowering (fruiting) period of plants is longer.
Preferably, the titanium dioxide is porous microsphere titanium dioxide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the porous microsphere titanium dioxide has a plurality of holes, and the porous microsphere titanium dioxide has a plurality of holes for nutrient substances to seep out, so that the nutrient substances are easy to seep out of the water-retaining agent; and the porous microsphere titanium dioxide is spherical, so that the air permeability of the nutrient soil can be increased, and finally, the plant grows faster and the flowering phase is longer.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-18 parts of leaf mold, 8-14 parts of burnt soil, 7-9 parts of coconut coir and 8-12 parts of nutritional agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the nutrient soil is used for planting plants, the effect of the nutrient is better, so that the flowering (fruiting) period of the plants is prolonged, and the flowering (fruiting) amount of the plants is more.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of leaf mold, 10 parts of burnt soil, 8 parts of coconut coir and 11 parts of nutritional agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the nutrient soil is used for planting plants, the effect of the nutrient is better, so that the plants have more flowers (fruits) and longer flowering (fruit) period.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, leaf mold, burnt soil, coconut coir and a nutritional agent are adopted as raw materials to be mixed to prepare the nutritional soil, under the synergistic effect of a water-retaining agent, titanium dioxide and water-based degradable polyurethane in the nutritional agent, the water-based degradable polyurethane is gradually degraded, so that elements required by plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nutritional soil are continuously released, and the problem of poor fertilizer retention capability of the nutritional soil is finally solved;
2. in the application, the porous titanium dioxide microspheres are preferably adopted, and because the nano microspheres are provided with a plurality of holes for nutrient solution to seep out, nutrient substances required by plant growth are convenient to seep out of nutrient soil and absorbed by plants, so that the planted plants grow faster and have longer flowering phase;
3. the mole fractions of polycaprolactone in the A component, the B component and the C component of the waterborne degradable polyurethane in the soft segment are different, so that the degradation time of the A component, the B component and the C component in the waterborne degradable polyurethane is different, the nutrients required by plant growth can be gradually released, and the flowering (fruiting) period of the plant is longer;
4. in the application, the preferable nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of leaf mold, 10 parts of burnt soil, 8 parts of coconut chaff, 11 parts of nutritional agent and better effect of the nutritional agent, thereby leading the plants to have more flowers (fruits) and longer flowering (fruit) period.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following preparation examples and examples.
The sources of the raw materials used in the examples and preparations are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 sources and specifications of raw materials of nutrient soil
Preparation example of nutrient
Preparation example 1
A nutritional agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide 5: 14: 17: 8; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the water-based degradable polyurethane and the water-soluble fertilizer, and then adding the super absorbent resin and the titanium dioxide to uniformly mix to prepare the nutrient;
the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared by the following synthesis method:
s1, mixing polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol according to a molar ratio of 1: 1, uniformly mixing, performing vacuum dehydration for 2h at 95 ℃, and then cooling to 70 ℃;
s2 at N2Adding isophorone diisocyanate with the same weight as polyethylene glycol under protection, adding stannous octoate which accounts for 1/1000 of the total weight of polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol, and heating to 75 ℃ to react for 1 h;
s3, when the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, adding dimethylolpropionic acid which accounts for 1/2 of the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol, reacting for 2 hours, then adding L-lysine aqueous solution which accounts for 1/2 of the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol, stirring, and finally slowly adding sodium hydroxide solution until uniform emulsion is obtained.
Preparation examples 2 to 7
Preparation examples 2 to 7 are based on preparation example 1, and differ from preparation example 1 only in the ratio of raw materials, which is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 raw material ratios of nutrient solutions in preparation examples 1 to 7
Preparation example 8
Preparation example 8 is based on preparation example 1, and differs from preparation example 1 only in that the aqueous degradable polyurethane is prepared from a component A, a component B and a component C in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, wherein the component A is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 50 percent, the component B is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 25 percent, and the component C is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 75 percent;
the component A is prepared according to the following synthesis method:
s1, mixing polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol according to a molar ratio of 1: 1, uniformly mixing, performing vacuum dehydration for 2h at 95 ℃, and then cooling to 70 ℃;
s2 at N2Adding isophorone diisocyanate with the same weight as polyethylene glycol under protection, adding stannous octoate which accounts for 1/1000 of the total weight of polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol, and heating to 75 ℃ to react for 1 h;
s3, when the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, adding 1/2 weight percent of bis-hydroxymethyl propionic acid into the mixture to react for 2 hours, then adding 1/2 weight percent of L-lysine aqueous solution into the mixture to stir, and finally slowly adding sodium hydroxide solution into the mixture until uniform emulsion is obtained;
the preparation method of the component B comprises the following steps: based on the preparation method of A, the preparation method is only different from the preparation method of A in that the molar ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol is 1: 3;
the preparation method of the component C comprises the following steps: based on the preparation method of A, the preparation method is only different from the preparation method of A in that the molar ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol is 3: 1.
preparation example 9
Preparation example 9 is based on preparation example 1, and differs from preparation example 1 only in that titanium dioxide in the nutritional agent is porous microsphere titanium dioxide.
Examples
Example 1
A strong-effect fertilizer-retention nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 14g of leaf mold, 15g of burnt soil, 5g of coconut coir and 8g of nutrient, wherein the nutrient is derived from preparation example 1.
Examples 2 to 14
Examples 2 to 14 are based on example 1 and differ from example 1 only in that: the raw materials have different composition ratios, and are shown in tables 3-1 and 3-2.
Table 3-1 components and proportions of nutrient soil in examples 1-8
Table 3-2 composition and proportion of nutrient soil in examples 9-14
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: based on example 4, only the difference from example 4 is that: the nutrient soil is not added with super absorbent resin.
Comparative example 2: based on example 4, only the difference from example 4 is that: titanium dioxide is not added into the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 3: based on example 4, only the difference from example 4 is that: the water-based degradable polyurethane is not added into the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 4
A strong-effect fertilizer-retention nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of dung soil, 20 parts of garden soil, 5 parts of cake fertilizer residue, 2 parts of perlite and 2 parts of bean dregs; the soil is prepared by mixing the bottom ash and the manure.
Comparative example 5
A garden nutrient soil with a product number of 43 purchased from nutrient soil Limited of spring garden is provided, and the particle size is 1-3 mm.
Performance test
Experimental group 1
The nutrient soil prepared in the examples 1-14 and the comparative examples 1-5 is respectively filled into flowerpots with the length, width and height of 14cm, 10cm and 15cm, each example and comparative example is provided with 10 flowerpots, each flowerpot is filled with 2kg of nutrient soil, 3 sensitive plant seeds are sowed in each flowerpot, the survival time is 2-3 true leaf seedling stages, and 1 strong seedling is selected and reserved.
Experimental group 2
The nutrient soil prepared in the examples 1-14 and the comparative examples 1-5 are respectively filled into flowerpots with the length, width and height of 14cm, 10cm and 15cm, each example and comparative example is provided with 10 flowerpots, each flowerpot is filled with 2kg of nutrient soil, 3 seeds of the colorful pepper are sowed in each flowerpot, the seedlings are grown to 2-3 true leaf seedling stages, and 1 strong seedling is selected and reserved.
The experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 are respectively sown on the same day, no fertilizer is applied after planting, each nutrient soil is watered twice a day for planting management, 10ml of glue is added in each time in the morning and afternoon, the positions of flowerpots are changed every 3 days, so that the illumination is basically consistent, and other management measures such as weeding, topping and the like are consistent.
Detection method
Crown diameter: the east-west diameter and the north-south diameter of the plants were measured, respectively, and the average value thereof was taken as the crown diameter of the spider.
Ground diameter: the plant diameter at the first flowering (fruit) stage and the plant diameter at the last flowering (fruit) stage.
Height: the height from the pot soil ground to the top of the nutrient soil.
And (3) measuring the flower (fruit) period and the flower (fruit) amount: the flower (fruit) period is from the beginning of the flower (fruit) period to the end of the flower (fruit) period, and 90% of the thanks (end) of the flower (fruit) period is the end of the flower (fruit) period. Measuring the quantity of the flowers and fruits in the full-bloom (fruit) period: respectively measuring the daily average flowering (fruiting) quantity of the sensitive plant and the colored pepper in the full flowering (fruiting) period of the nutrient soil.
The test results of the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 are shown in tables 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3.
TABLE 4-1 test results of Experimental group 1 crown diameter, ground diameter, and height
TABLE 4-2 test results of experiment set 2 crown diameter, ground diameter, and height
Table 4-3 test results of flowering (fruit) period and survival rate of experimental groups 1 and 2
Since the plant type of the colored peppers needs pinching to be controlled and the sprouting and the branching are promoted, the plant height of the experimental group 2 is not taken as a measurement standard. Analyzing the data in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 shows that:
when the source of the nutrient soil is the example 4, compared with the sources of the nutrient soil in the examples 1 to 4, the planted sensitive plants have the optimal crown diameter, ground diameter and height, the longest flowering phase and the maximum average daily flower amount in the full-bloom period; the crown diameter and the ground diameter of the planted colored peppers are optimal, the fruit period is longest, and the average daily amount of the colored peppers is the largest in the full fruit period.
The nutrient soil source is shown in examples 5-7, compared with the nutrient soil source shown in example 4, the difference is that the components of the nutrient soil raw material are different, and the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are better than those of the nutrient soil source shown in example 4, which indicates that the plant grows better when the weight parts of the nutrient soil raw material are 11-18 parts of leaf mold, 8-14 parts of burnt soil, 7-9 parts of coconut husk and 8-12 parts of nutrient agent.
Compared with the nutrient soil source in examples 5-7, the nutrient soil source in example 8 is different from the nutrient soil source in examples 5-7 only in that the components of the nutrient soil raw materials are different, and the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are better than those of the nutrient soil source in examples 5-7, which indicates that the plant grows better when the weight parts of the nutrient soil raw materials are 12 parts of leaf mold, 10 parts of burnt soil, 8 parts of coconut coir and 11 parts of nutrient agent.
The nutrient soil source is in examples 9 to 11, and compared with the nutrient soil source in example 4, the difference is only that the raw material composition ratio of the nutrient is different, and the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are all better than those of the nutrient soil source in example 4, which indicates that the weight ratio of the raw materials of the nutrient is water-soluble degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide ═ 10-15: (10-14): (12-15): (6-10), the plant grows better.
The nutrient soil source is example 12, compared with the nutrient soil source in examples 9-11, the difference is only that the raw material composition proportion of the nutrient is different, and the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are all better than those of the nutrient soil source in examples 9-11, which indicates that the weight ratio of the nutrient raw materials is water-soluble degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: when titanium dioxide is 13:12:13:9, the growth of plants is better.
The nutrient soil source is example 13, and the difference is only that the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared from a component A, a component B and a component C in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, wherein the component A is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 50%, the component B is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 25%, the component C is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 75%, and the diameter of a canopy, the diameter of a ground, the height of a plant and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are all superior to those of a nutrient soil source, namely, when the embodiment 4 is adopted, the three waterborne degradable polyurethanes with different degradation times are shown to be 1: 1: 1, the growth of the plant is better.
The difference between the nutrient soil source in example 14 and the nutrient soil source in example 4 is that the titanium dioxide in the nutrient is porous microsphere titanium dioxide, and the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the planted sensitive plant are better than those of the nutrient soil source in example 4, which indicates that the plant grows better when the nutrient soil titanium dioxide is porous microsphere titanium dioxide.
Compared with the nutrient soil source in example 4, the nutrient soil source in comparative examples 1-3 only differs from the nutrient soil source in example 4 in that: the nutrient of comparative example 1 was not added with a super absorbent resin, the nutrient of comparative example 2 was not added with titanium dioxide, and the nutrient soil of comparative example 3 was not added with a water-degradable polyurethane. When the source of the nutrient soil is the crown diameter, the ground diameter, the plant height and the flowering phase of the sensitive plants planted in the comparative examples 1 to 3 are all different from those of the nutrient soil planted in the example 4, the situation that the plants can grow better under the combined action of the super absorbent resin, the titanium dioxide and the waterborne degradable polyurethane is shown.
The nutrient soil source is comparative example 4, compared with the nutrient soil source in example 4, the nutrient soil in comparative example 4 is the nutrient soil prepared according to the scheme in the background art, and the nutrient soil in comparative example 5 is the common commercial nutrient soil. When the nutrient soil source is the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5, the crown diameter and the ground diameter of the planted mimosa pudica and the colored pepper are not greatly different from those of the nutrient soil source in the application after 70 days of planting, but the crown diameter and the ground diameter are not basically increased after 120 days of planting, the flowering (fruiting) period is shorter than that of the nutrient soil source in the example 4, and the amount of the daily average flowering (fruits) in the full flowering (fruiting) period is less than that of the nutrient soil source in the example 4, the nutrient soil in the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5 has poor fertilizer effect persistence, and the nutrient soil in the application has strong fertilizer effect persistence.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The strong fertilizer-retaining nutrient soil is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-30 parts of leaf mold
8-18 parts of burnt soil
Coconut husk 4-11 parts
6-15 parts of nutrient
The nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide = (5-20): (6-18): (7-17): (4-12); the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared by taking isophorone diisocyanate, polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol as main raw materials;
the preparation method of the nutritional agent comprises the following steps: the water-based degradable polyurethane and the water-soluble fertilizer are uniformly mixed, and then the water-retaining agent and the titanium dioxide are added and uniformly mixed to prepare the nutrient.
2. The strong fertilizer-maintaining nutrient soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide = (10-15): (10-14): (12-15): (6-10).
3. The strong fertilizer-maintaining nutrient soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: water-retaining agent: waterborne degradable polyurethane: water-soluble fertilizer: titanium dioxide = 13:12:13: 9.
4. the strong fertilizer-maintaining nutrient soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waterborne degradable polyurethane is prepared from a component A, a component B and a component C in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, wherein the component A is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 50 percent, the component B is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 25 percent, and the component C is waterborne degradable polyurethane with the mole fraction of polycaprolactone in a soft segment of 75 percent.
5. The strong fertilizer-maintaining nutrient soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the titanium dioxide is porous microsphere titanium dioxide.
6. The nutrient soil for strong fertilizer conservation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin.
7. The nutrient soil for strong fertilizer conservation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-18 parts of leaf mold, 8-14 parts of burnt soil, 7-9 parts of coconut coir and 8-12 parts of nutritional agent.
8. The strong fertilizer-maintaining nutrient soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of leaf mold, 10 parts of burnt soil, 8 parts of coconut coir and 11 parts of nutritional agent.
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