CN100418948C - 羟基吡啶cgrp受体抗拮抗剂 - Google Patents
羟基吡啶cgrp受体抗拮抗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100418948C CN100418948C CNB2004800205006A CN200480020500A CN100418948C CN 100418948 C CN100418948 C CN 100418948C CN B2004800205006 A CNB2004800205006 A CN B2004800205006A CN 200480020500 A CN200480020500 A CN 200480020500A CN 100418948 C CN100418948 C CN 100418948C
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I化合物:(其中变量R1、R2、R3和R4如本文定义)适用作CGRP受体拮抗剂并适用于治疗或预防涉及CGRP的疾病,比如头痛、偏头痛和集束性头痛。本发明还涉及这些化合物作为AM受体在治疗或预防涉及AM的疾病比如癌症中的应用。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和组合物在预防或治疗涉及GCRP和/或AM的疾病中的应用。
Description
发明背景
CGRP(降钙素基因-相关肽)是一种天然存在的37-氨基酸肽,其由降钙素信使RNA的组织特异性的可替换过程而生成且广泛分布于中枢和外周神经系统中。CGRP主要位于感觉传入和中枢神经元内并调节若干生物作用,包括血管舒张。CGRP表达为α和β形式,其在大鼠和人体内分别有一个和三个氨基酸不同。CGRP-α和CGRP-β显示相似的生物性质。当从细胞释放时,CGRP通过结合于特异细胞表面受体而引发其生物应答,主要涉及腺苷酸环化酶的激活。已在若干组织和细胞内,包括大脑、心血管、内皮的和平滑肌源的组织和细胞内,对于CGRP受体进行鉴定和药理学评价。
CGRP是有效的血管扩张剂,其涉及脑血管紊乱比如偏头痛和集束性头痛的病理学。在临床研究中,已发现在偏头痛发作期间颈静脉中的CGRP水平增加(Goadsby et al.,Ann.Neurol.,1990,28,183-187)。CGRP激活颅内血管平滑肌上的受体,引起血管舒张加大,其被认为是在偏头痛发作期间头痛的主要原因。(Lance,HeadachePathogenesis:Monoamines,Neuropeptides,Purines and NitricOxide,Lippincott-Raven Publishers,1997,3-9).硬脑膜中动脉,硬脑膜中的主要动脉,受来自三叉神经的感觉纤维支配,其包含若干神经肽包括CGRP。在猫体内,三叉神经刺激导致CGRP水平的提高,在人体内,三叉神经系统的激活引起面红并提高外颈静脉中CGRP的水平(Goadsby et al.,Ann.Neurol.,1988,23,193-196)。在大鼠体内电刺激硬脑膜加大了硬脑膜中动脉的直径,该影响通过事先给予GCRP(8-37)(一种肽CGRP拮抗剂)而被阻滞(Williamson etal.,Cephalalgia,1997,17,525-531)。在大鼠体内由于三叉神经刺激而增加的面部血流也被CGRP(8-37)所抑制(Escott et al.,Brain Res.1995,669,93-99)。在狨猴体内电刺激三叉神经节导致面部血流的增加可被非肽类CGRP拮抗剂BIBN4096BS所阻滞(Doodset al.,Br.J.Pharmacol.,2000,129,420-423).固此可通过CGRP拮抗剂而减弱、预防或反转CGRP对血管的作用。
已表明CGRP-调节的大鼠硬脑膜中动脉血管舒张使得三叉神经核尾的神经元敏化(Williamson et al.,The CGRP Family:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(CGRP),Amylin,andAdrenomedullin,Landes Bioscience,2000,245-247)。类似地,在偏头痛期间硬脑膜血管的膨胀可以敏化三叉神经元。一些偏头痛相关的症状,包括外颅疼痛和面部异常性疼痛,可能是由敏化的三叉神经元引起的(Burstein et al.,Ann.Neurol.2000,47,614-624).CGRP拮抗剂可有益地降低、预防或反转神经元敏化的作用。
本发明化合物作为CGRP拮抗剂的能力使得它们适用作用于人和动物特别是人体内涉及CGRP的紊乱的药物。这样的紊乱包括偏头痛和集束性头痛(Doods,Curr Opin Inves Drugs,2001,2(9),1261-1268;Edvinsson et al.,Cephalalgia,1994,14,320-327);慢性张力型头痛(Ashina et al.,Neurology,2000,14,1335-1340);疼痛(Yu et al.,Eur.J.Pharm.,1998,347,275-282);慢性疼痛(Hulsebosch et al.,Pain,2000,86,163-175);神经源性炎症和炎症性疼痛(Holzer,Neurosci.,1988,24,739-768;Delay-Goyetet al.,Acta Physiol.Scanda.1992,146,537-538;Salmon etal.,Nature Neurosci.,2001,4(4),357-358);眼痛(May etal.Cephalalgia,2002,22,195-196),牙痛(Awawdeh et al.,Int.Endocrin.J.,2002,35,30-36),非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(Molinaet al.,Diabetes,1990,39,260-265);血管病症;炎症(Zhang etal.,Pain,2001,89,265),关节炎,支气管高反应性,哮喘,(Fosteret al.,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.,1992,657,397-404;Schini et al.,Am.J.Physiol.,1994,267,H2483-H2490;Zheng et al.,J.Virol.,1993,67,5786-5791);中风,脓毒症(Beer et al.,Crit.Care Med.,2002,30(8),1794-1798);停服鸦片综合征(Salmonet al.,Nature Neurosci.,2001,4(4),357-358)吗啡耐受(Menard et al.,J.Neurosci.,1996,16(7),2342-2351);男人和女人的热潮红(Chen et al.,Lancet,1993,342,49;Spetzet al.,J.Urology,2001,166,1720-1723);变应性皮炎(Wallengren,Contact Dermatitis,2000,43(3),137-143);牛皮癣;脑炎,脑外伤,局部缺血,中风,癫痫和神经变性疾病(Rohrenbeck et al.,Neurobiol.of Disease1999,6,15-34);皮肤病(Geppetti and Holzer,Eds.,Neurogenic Inflammation,1996,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL),神经源性皮肤发红,蔷薇色皮肤和and红斑;耳鸣(Herzog et al.,J.Membrane Biology,2002,189(3),225);炎性肠病,过敏性肠综合征,(Hoffman et al.Scandinayian Journal of Gastroenterology,2002,37(4)414-422)以及膀胱炎。特别重要的是急性或预防性治疗头痛包括偏头痛和集束性头痛。
本发明涉及适用作CGRP受体配体的化合物,特别涉及CGRP受体拮抗剂,它们的制备方法,它们在治疗中的应用,包含它们的药物组合物以及应用它们的治疗方法。
发明简介
本发明涉及式I化合物:
(其中变量R1、R2、R3和R4如本文定义)适用作CGRP受体拮抗剂并适用于治疗或预防涉及CGRP的疾病,比如头痛、偏头痛和集束性头痛。本发明还涉及这些化合物作为AM受体在治疗或预防涉及AM的疾病比如癌症中的应用。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和组合物在预防或治疗涉及GCRP和/或AM的疾病中的应用。
发明详述
本发明涉及式I化合物:
其中:
R1选自:
a)氢,
b)芳基、杂环、C3-C10环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基,以及
c)C1-C6烷基,未取代或被1至5个选自下列的取代基取代:
1)芳基,未取代或被1至5个选自下列的取代基取代:
i)C1-C6烷基,未取代或被1-3个氟取代,
ii)C3-C6环烷基,
iii)C2-C6炔基,
iv)OR10,
v)芳基,
vi)杂环基,
vii)CN,以及
viii)卤素;
2)杂环,被1至5个选自下列的取代基取代或未取代:
i)C1-C6烷基,被1-3个氟取代或未取代,
ii)OR10,
iii)芳基,以及
iv)卤素;
3)C3-C10环烷基,
4)C2-C6链烯基,
5)C2-C6炔基,
6)-OR10,
7)-S(O)mR11,
8)-NR6-C(O)R7,
9)-C(O)-N(R6)(R7),
10)-CN,
11)-NR6-C(O)-N(R6)(R7),
12)-C(O)-OR10,
13)卤素,以及
14)-N(R6)(R7);
R2选自:
a)-NR6-C(O)R7,
b)-NR6-S(O)2R7,以及
c)-NR6-S(O)2-N(R6)(R7);
R3和R4独立选自:氢、芳基、杂环、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C4卤素烷基、R10O-、R11S(O)m-、R6C(O)-NR7-、CN、(R6)(R7)N-C(O)-(NR6)-、(R6)(R7)-N-C(O)-、R10C(O)-、R10OC(O)-以及N(R6)(R7);或者
其中R3和R4任选相连形成包含0-3个杂原子的饱和或不饱和的环,其中所述环为苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、苯硫基、呋喃基、咪唑基、噻唑基、唑基和三唑基及其部分饱和类似物,所述环任选被一个或多个下列取代基取代:
芳基、杂环、C1-C6烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C2-C6炔基、R10O-、R11S(O)m-、R6C(O)-NR7-、R6S(O)2NR7-、(R6)(R7)-N-C(O)-、CN、R10OC(O)-、F以及N(R6)(R7);
R6和R7独立选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C10环烷基、杂环、芳基,未取代或被一个或多个下列取代基取代:
a)C1-C4烷基,
b)C1-C4烷氧基,
c)芳基或杂环,
d)卤素,
e)-OR10,
f)-N(R10)2;
其中R6和R7可相连形成环;
R10独立选自氢、C1-C6烷基、-CF3、C3-C10环烷基、苄基和芳基;
R11独立选自C1-C6烷基和芳基;
M是0、1或2;
及其药学上可接受的盐和各非对映异构体。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2-芳基,被1-3个选自下列的取代基所取代或未取代:氟、氯、溴、碘和甲基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是苄基,被1-3个氟取代。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2C(O)OR10。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2C(O)NHR6。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2C(O)NH(C4-C10环烷基)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R1是-CH2C(O)NH-芳基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R2是-NR6-S(O)2R7。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R3是氢。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R3和R4连接在一起形成环,选自:苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基和吡嗪基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R3和R4连接在一起形成吡啶环。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R4是溴。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,R4是-C(O)OR10。
应理解为,当一个或多个上述结构或亚结构列举了具有相同名称的多个取代基时,各变量与各相似命名的变量可以相同也可不同。例如,在式I中列举了四次R2,式I中的各R2可以独立是R2下所定义的任一亚结构。本发明不限于其中各R2必需与所给结构相同的结构和亚结构。关于在结构或亚结构中出现多次的任何变量同样如此理解。
本发明化合物可包含一个或多个不对称中心并可存在外消旋物和外消旋混合物、单一对映体、非对映体混合物和各非对映体。取决于该分子上各种取代基的性质,可存在其它的不对称中心。各不对称中心将独立地形成两个光学异构体且意在该发明范围内包括所有可能的光学异构体和非对映体,其存在于混合物中或是纯的或部分纯的化合物。本发明意在包括这些化合物的所有异构体。
本文所述化合物包含烯属双键,且除非特别说明,意在包括E和Z几何异构体。
本领域人员已知通过适当修改本文公开的方法可完成这些非对映体的独立合成或它们的色谱分离。它们的绝对立体化学可以通过晶状产物或晶状中间体的X-射线晶体衍射法测定,如果必要的话,使用包含一个已知绝对构型的不对称中心的试剂对其进行衍生化。
如果需要,可分离该化合物的外消旋混合物从而分离出各体对映体。可通过本领域已知的方法进行该分离,比如与将化合物的外消旋混合物与一种对映纯化合物偶合从而形成非对映体混合物,接着通过标准方法比如分级结晶或色谱分离法分离各非对映体。偶合反应通常使用一种对应纯的酸或碱形成盐。然后可通过裂解附加的手性残基将非对映衍生物转变成纯的对映体。通过利用手性固定相的色谱法还可分离该化合物的外消旋混合物,其方法为本领域所熟知。
或者,通过使用已知构型的光学纯起始物或试剂经本领域公知的方法进行立体选择性合成可以获得一种化合物的任一对映体。
本领域技术人员将理解,并非所有的R10和R11取代基均可形成环结构。此外,即使那些可形成环取代基也可形成或不形成环结构。
本领域技术人员还将理解,本文所用的卤素或卤原子意在包括氯、氟、溴和碘。
如本文所用,“烷基”意指不含双键或三键的直链、支链或环状结构。由此C1-6烷基被定义为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子以直链或支链排列的基团,比如C1-6烷基具体包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。“环烷基”是一种烷基,其部分或全部形成具有三个或更多原子的环。Co或Co烷基被定义为直接的共价健。
术语“链烯基”意指具有所示碳原子数含有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链的结构及其结合,其中,氢被另一碳-碳双键代替。C2-6链烯基例如包括乙烯基、丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、丁烯基等。
术语“炔基”意指具有所示碳原子数含有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链的结构及其结合。C2-6炔基被定义为含有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子以直链或支链排列的基团,比如C2-6炔基具体包括2-己炔和2-戊炔。
如本文所用,“芳基”意指任何稳定的单环或双环碳环,各环中有高达7个原子,其中至少一个环是芳香性的。芳基例如包括苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、茚满基或联苯基。
除非另有指明本文所用的术语“杂环”或“杂环的”代表一个稳定的5-至7-元单环或稳定的8-至11-元双环杂环环系,其或者饱和或者不饱和,且其由碳原子和一至四个选自N、O和S的杂原子组成,且其中氮和硫杂原子任选可被氧化,且氮杂原子任选可被季铵化,且包括其中任一上述杂环与苯环相稠合的任何双环基团。该杂环可被连接于任一杂原子或碳原子从而形成稳定结构。这些杂环基团例如包括,但不限于,氮杂环丁烷,色满,二氢呋喃,二氢吡喃,二烷,二氧戊环,六氢氮杂(hexahydroazepine),咪唑烯,咪唑烷酮,咪唑啉,咪唑啉酮,二氢吲哚,异色满,异吲哚啉,异噻唑啉,异噻唑烷,异唑啉,异唑烷,吗啉,吗啉酮,唑啉,唑烷,唑烷酮,氧杂环丁烷,2-氧代六氢氮杂(oxohexahydroazepin),2-氧代哌嗪,2-氧代哌啶,2-氧代吡咯烷,哌嗪,哌啶,吡喃,吡唑烷,二氢吡唑,吡咯烷,吡咯啉,奎宁环,四氢呋喃,四氢吡喃,硫代吗啉,噻唑啉,噻唑烷,硫代吗啉及其N-氧化物。
除非另有指明本文所用的术语“杂芳基”代表一个稳定的5-至7-元单环或稳定的9-至10-元稠合的双环杂环环系,其包含一个芳环,其任一环可以是饱和的比如哌啶、部分饱和的、或不饱和的比如吡啶,且其由碳原子和一至四个选自N、O和S的杂原子组成,且其中氮和硫杂原子任选可被氧化,且氮杂原子任选可被季铵化,且包括其中任一上述杂环与苯环相稠合的任何双环基团。该杂环可被连接于任一杂原子或碳原子从而形成稳定结构。这些杂芳基例如包括,但不限于,苯并咪唑,苯并异噻唑,苯并异唑,苯并呋喃,苯并噻唑,苯并噻吩,苯并三唑,苯并唑,咔啉,噌啉,呋喃,呋咱,咪唑,吲唑,吲哚,中氮茚,异喹啉,异噻唑,异唑,二氮杂萘,二唑,唑,酞嗪,蝶啶,嘌呤,吡喃,吡嗪,吡唑,吡嗪,吡啶,嘧啶,吡咯,喹唑啉,喹啉,喹喔啉,四唑,噻二唑,噻唑,噻吩,三嗪,三唑,及其N-氧化物。
如C1-C6烷氧基中的“烷氧基”意指包括1至6个碳原子的直链、支链和环状构型的烷氧基团。例如包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、环己氧基等。
短语“药学上可接受的”用于本文是指在主流药物判断(soundmedical judgment)范围内适用于与人类或动物组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激、变态反应或者其它问题或并发症、具有合理的益处/危险比例的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的盐”是指其中母体化合物经制备其酸或碱盐而被修饰的衍生物。药学上可接受的盐例如包括但不限于,碱残基比如胺的矿酸或有机酸盐;酸残基比如羧酸的碱或有机盐;等等。该药学上可接受的盐包括母体化合物形成的常规非毒性盐或季铵盐,例如由非毒性无机或有机酸形成的。例如,这样的常规无毒性盐包括由无机酸比如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等衍生的盐;以及由有机酸比如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、羟基乙酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、pamoic、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、磺胺酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、富马酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、草酸、羟乙磺酸等制备的盐。
在某些例子中出现的某些变量的数目被规定为存在的碳数。例如,可变的“p”有时定义如下:“对于具有q个碳的取代基而言,p是0至2q+1”。当取代基是“(F)pC1-3烷基”时,意指当有一个碳时,存在2(1)+1=3个氟。当有两个碳时,存在2(2)+1=5个氟,且当有三个碳时,存在2(3)+1=7个氟。
当本发明化合物是碱时,可由药学上可接受的非毒性酸制备盐,包括无机酸和有机酸。该酸包括乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、谷氨酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸,等等。本发明一方面的盐是柠檬酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、马来酸、磷酸、硫酸、富马酸和酒石酸。应理解为如本文所用,涉及的式I化合物还意在包括药学上可接受的盐。
使用实施例和本文中公开的化合物举例说明本发明。本发明范围内的特定化合物包括选自下面实施例中公开的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐以及其各非对映体。
目标化合物适用于在患者比如需要拮抗CGRP受体的哺乳动物体内拮抗CGRP受体的方法中,包括给予有效量的该化合物。本发明涉及本文公开作为CGRP受体拮抗剂的化合物的应用。除了灵长目动物特别是人外,许多其它哺乳动物也可根据本发明的方法进行治疗。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及治疗、控制、缓解其中在患者体内涉及CGRP受体的疾病或紊乱或降低其危险的方法,包括给予患者治疗有效量的CGRP受体拮抗剂化合物。
本发明还涉及制备用于拮抗人和动物体内CGRP受体活性的药物的方法,包括组合本发明化合物与药物载体或稀释剂。
本方法所治疗的受试者通常是哺乳动物,例如人,男性或女性,其体内需要拮抗CGRP受体活性。术语“治疗有效量”意指将引起组织、系统、动物或人产生生物或医学应答的目标化合物的量,这些应答是研究者、兽医、医生或其它临床医师所期待的。如本文所用,术语“治疗”既指治疗又指预防或预防治疗所述病情,尤其是用于易患此类疾病或紊乱的患者。
本文所用的术语“组合物”意在包括包含特定量的特定成分的产物,以及直接或间接由组合特定量的特定成分产生的产物。关于药物组合物的该术语包括包含活性成分和组成载体的惰性成分的产物,以及直接或间接由组合、络合和聚集任何两种或多种成分或者分解一种或多种成分或者一种或多种成分的其它类型反应或相互作用而形成的产物。因此,本发明的药物组合物包括通过混合本发明化合物和药学上可接受载体制备的组合物。“药学上可接受的”意指载体、稀释剂或赋形剂必需与制剂的其它成分相兼容并对于其接受者无害。
术语“给药”和/或“给予”化合物应理解为意指将本发明化合物或本发明化合物的前药提供给需要治疗的个体。
本发明化合物作为CGRP受体活性拮抗剂的有效性可通过本领域已知的方法证明。根据如下方法行测定对125I-CGRP结合于受体的抑制以及对于CGRP受体的功能性拮抗作用:
天然受体结合测定:125I-CGRP与SK-N-MC细胞膜中受体的结合基本按照已描述的方法进行(Edvinsson et al.(2001)Eur.J.Pharznacol.415,39-44)。简言之,在包含10pM 125I-CGRP和拮抗剂的1ml结合缓冲液[10mM HEPES,pH7.4,5mM MgCl2和0.2%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)]中孵化膜(25μg)。室温孵化3h后,通过已添塞了0.5%聚乙烯亚胺的CFB玻璃纤维滤板(Millipore)过滤从而终止该测定。使用冰冷的测定缓冲液洗涤滤器三次,然后风干滤板。加入闪烁液(50μl)并经Topcount(Packard Instrument)计数放射活性。使用Prism进行数据分析且使用Cheng-Prusoff方程确定Ki(Cheng &Prusoff(1973)Biochem.Pharmacol.22,3099-3108)。
天然受体功能测定:SK-N-MC细胞在补充有10%胎牛血清、2mM L-谷氨酸、0.1mM非必需氨基酸、1mM丙酮酸钠、100单位/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素的最小必需培养基中于37℃、95%湿度和5%CO2中生长。对于cAMP测定,将细胞以5x105细胞/孔铺于涂有聚-D-赖氨酸的96孔板(Becton-Dickinson)中并在测定前培养~18h。细胞经磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS,Sigma)洗涤后于37℃在不含血清的MEM中与300μM异丁基甲基黄嘌呤一起预孵化30min。加入拮抗剂并孵化细胞10min后加入CGRP。继续孵化15min,然后使用PBS洗涤细胞并根据制造商推荐的方法进行cAMP测定。使用100nM CGRP限定基底之上的最大刺激。使用Prism生成剂量-效应曲线。计算剂量-比值(DR)并用于构建完整的Schild曲线(Arunlakshana & Schild(1959)Br.J.Pharmacol.14,48-58)。
重组受体:将人CRLR(Genbank入藏登记号L76380)亚克隆为表达带菌体pIREShyg2(BD Biosciences Clontech)为5′NheI和3′PmeI片段。将人RAMP1(Genbank入藏登记号L76380)亚克隆为表达带菌体pIRESpuro2(BD Biosciences Clontech)为5′NheI和3′NotI片段。在含有4.5g/L葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠和2mM谷氨酸且补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)、100单位/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素的DMEM中、于37℃和95%湿度下培养293细胞(人胚胎肾细胞,ATCC#CRL-1573)。通过使用含有0.1%EDTA的0.25%胰岛素的HBSS处理从而亚培养细胞。稳定的细胞株生成伴随着使用30μg Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen)在75cm2烧瓶中共-转染10μg DNA。CRLR和RAMP1表达构件等量地共-转染。转染24小时后稀释细胞并在第二天加入选择性培养基(生长基+300μg/ml潮霉素和1μg/ml嘌罗霉素)。利用FACSVantage SE(Becton Dickinson)进行单细胞沉积生成克隆的细胞株。为了细胞繁殖将生长基调整到150μg/ml潮霉素和0.5μg/ml嘌罗霉素。
重组受体结合测定:使用PBS洗涤表达重组人CRLR/RAMP1的细胞并在包含50mM HEPES、1mM EDTA和Complete蛋白酶抑制剂(Roche)的收获缓冲液中收获。
使用实验室匀浆器破坏细胞悬浮液并于48,000g离心从而分离膜。在收获悬浮液加250mM蔗糖中再悬浮这些小丸并于℃贮存。对于结合测定,在包含10pM 125I-hCGRP(Amersham Biosciences)和拮抗剂的1ml结合缓冲液(10mM HEPES,pH7.4,5mM MgCl2和0.2%BSA)中于室温孵化10μg膜3小时。通过已添塞了0.5%聚乙烯亚胺的96孔CFB玻璃纤维滤板(Millipore)过滤从而终止该测定。使用冰冷的测定缓冲液(10mM HEPES,pH7.4)洗涤滤器三次。加入闪烁液(50μl)并经Topcount(Packard Instrument)对各板进行计数。测定了非特异性结合并使用表观解离常数(Ki)进行数据分析,使用非线性最小平方法将结合的CPM数据拟合到下面的方程:
其中Y是观察到的CPM结合,Ymax是总结合数,Ymin是非特异性结合数,(Y max-Y min)是特异性结合数,%I max是最大抑制百分比,%Imin是最小抑制百分比,放射标记是探针,Kd是根据热饱和试验测定的放射配体对于受体的表观解离常数。
重组受体功能测定:在涂有聚-D-赖氨酸的96孔板(Corning)中,将细胞以85,000个细胞/孔铺于完全培养基中并在测定前培养~19h.用PBS洗涤细胞然后与抑制剂一起在含有L-谷氨酸和1g/L BSA的Cellgro完全无血清/低蛋白培养基(Mediatech,Inc.)中于37℃和95%湿度下培养30min。向细胞中加入浓度为300μM的异丁基-甲基黄嘌呤并于37℃孵化30min。向细胞中加入浓度为0.3nM的人α-CGRP并允许于37℃孵化5min。刺激α-CGRP后,使用PBS洗涤细胞并根据制造商推荐的方法利用两阶段测定法进行cAMP测定(cAMPSPA直接扫描测定系统;RPA 559;Amersham Biosciences)。描绘剂量应答曲线且根据四参数逻辑拟合确定IC50值,方程为:y=((a-d)/(1+(x/c)b)+d,其中y=应答,x=剂量,a=最大应答,d=最小应答,c=感染点以及b=斜率。
特别地,下面实施例化合物在前述测定中具有CGRP受体拮抗剂活性,通常其Ki或IC50值低于约50μM。这样的结果表明了这些化合物用作CGRP受体拮抗剂的内在活性。
本发明化合物作为CGRP拮抗剂的能力使得它们适用作治疗人和动物特别是人体内涉及CGRP的紊乱的药物。
本发明化合物在治疗、预防、改善、控制一种或多种下列病情或疾病或者降低其危险中有效:头痛;偏头痛;集束性头痛;慢性紧张型头痛;疼痛;慢性疼痛;神经源性炎症和炎症性疼痛;神经性疼痛;眼睛疼痛;牙齿疼痛;糖尿病;非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病;血管紊乱;炎症;关节炎;支气管高反应性,哮喘;休克;脓毒症;阿片制剂停药综合征;吗啡耐受;男性和女性的热潮红;过敏性皮炎;牛皮癣;脑炎;脑外伤;癫痫症;神经变性疾病;皮肤病;神经源性红色皮肤,玫瑰色皮肤和红斑;炎症性肠病,过敏性肠综合征,膀胱炎;以及可通过拮抗CGRP受体得以治疗或预防的其它病情。特别重要的是急性或预防性治疗头痛,包括偏头痛和集束性头痛。
目标化合物还适用于预防、治疗、控制、改善本文所述疾病、紊乱和病情或者降低其危险的方法。
目标化合物还适用于与其它药物联合以预防、治疗、控制、改善上述疾病、紊乱和病情或者降低其危险的方法。
本发明化合物可用于与一种和多种其它药物联合以治疗、预防、控制、改善一些疾病和病情或者降低其危险,式I化合物和其它药物可对于这些疾病和病情有效,这些药物一起联合时较单独应用任一种更加安全有效。这些其它药物可以以常规的途径和剂量与式I化合物同时或相继给药。当式I化合物与一种或多种其它药物同时给药时,优选在单位剂型中包含这些其它药物和式I化合物的药物组合物。但是,联合疗法还可包括以不同时间的重叠给药方案给予式I化合物和一种或多种其它药物的疗法。还认为当用于与一种或多种其它活性成分相联合时,本发明化合物和其它活性成分可以以低于各自单独应用时的剂量使用。因此,本发明药物组合物包括除了式I化合物外还包含一种或多种其它活性成分的那些药物组合物。
例如,本发明化合物可以与下列药物相联合:消炎药或止痛药或抗偏头痛药,比如麦角胺或5-HT1激动剂,尤其是5-HT1B/1D激动剂,例如舒马曲坦、那拉曲坦、佐米曲坦、依利曲坦、阿莫曲坦、夫罗曲普坦、donitriptan和利扎曲坦;环加氧酶抑制剂,比如选择性环加氧酶-2抑制剂,例如罗非考昔、艾托考昔、塞来考昔、伐地考昔或paracoxib;非甾类消炎药或细胞因子-抑制消炎药,例如阿斯匹林、布洛芬、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、萘普生、消炎痛、舒林酸、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、氯诺昔康、酮咯酸、依托度酸、甲灭酸、甲氯灭酸、氟灭酸、邻甲氯灭酸、双氯芬酸、丙嗪、炎爽痛、尼美舒利、萘丁美酮、替尼达普、依那西普、甲苯酰吡啶乙酸、苯基保泰松、羟保泰松、二氟苯水杨酸、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦或柳氮磺吡啶等等;或甾类止痛药。类似地,本化合物可以与止痛药比如退热净、非那西汀、可待因、芬太尼、舒芬太尼、美沙酮、乙酰地美庚醇、丁丙诺啡或吗啡一起给药。
此外,本化合物可以与下列药物相联合:白细胞介素抑制剂,比如白介素-1抑制剂;NK-1受体拮抗剂,例如aprepitant;NMDA拮抗剂;NR2B拮抗剂;缓激肽-1受体拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体激动剂;钠通道阻滞剂,例如拉莫三嗪;阿片激动剂比如左旋乙酰美沙酮或醋美沙朵;脂肪氧合酶抑制剂,比如5-脂肪氧合酶抑制剂;α受体拮抗剂,例如吲哚哌胺;α受体激动剂;vanilloid受体拮抗体;GluR5激动剂,拮抗剂或增效剂;γ-氨基丁酸A受体调节剂,例如阿坎酸钙;烟碱拮抗剂或激动剂包括尼古丁;毒蕈碱激动剂或拮抗剂;选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,例如氟西汀、帕罗西丁、含曲林、度洛西汀、依他普仑或西酞普兰;三环抗抑郁药,例如阿米替林、多虑平、普罗替林、地昔帕明、三甲丙咪嗪或丙咪嗪;白细胞三烯拮抗剂,例如孟鲁司特或扎鲁司特;一氧化氮抑制剂或一氧化氮合成抑制剂。
本化合物还可用于与下列药物联合:麦角生物碱,例如麦角胺、麦角新碱、麦角新碱、甲基麦角新碱、麦角苄酯、甲磺酰麦角碱、二氢麦角胺、二氢麦角科尔宁、二氢麦角克、双氢麦角隐亭、二氢-α-麦角隐亭、二氢-β-麦角隐亭、麦角毒碱、麦角柯宁碱、麦角克碱、麦角隐亭、α-麦角隐亭、β-麦角隐亭、麦角僧、麦角甾烷、溴麦角环肽或羟甲丙基甲基麦角酰胺。
此外,本化合物可与下列药物相联合:β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂比如噻吗洛尔、萘异丙促胺、氨酰心安或萘羟心安,等等;MAO抑制剂,例如苯乙肼;钙通道阻滞剂,例如氟桂利嗪、尼莫地平、洛美利嗪、异搏定、尼非地平、康帕嗪或加巴喷丁;安定药比如奥氮平和喹硫平;抗惊厥药比如托吡酯、唑尼沙胺、托那博沙、卡拉博沙或双丙戊酸钠;血管紧张素II拮抗剂,例如氯沙坦和坎地沙坦西酯;血管紧张肽转化酶抑制剂比如赖诺普利;或A型肉毒素。
本化合物可与下列药物联合:增效剂比如咖啡因,H2-拮抗剂,二甲基硅油,氢氧化铝或镁;解充血药比如去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、假麻黄碱、氧甲唑啉、肾上腺素、萘唑啉、丁苄唑啉、六氢脱氧麻黄碱或左脱氧-麻黄素;止咳药比如可待因、氢可酮、咳美芬、维静宁或美沙芬;利尿剂;促运动药比如灭吐灵或多潘立酮,以及镇静性或非镇静性抗组胺药。
在一种特别优选的实施方案中,本化合物与下列药物相联合:抗偏头痛药,比如麦角胺;5-HT1,特别是5-HT1B/1D激动剂,特别是舒马曲坦、那拉曲坦、佐米曲坦、依利曲坦、阿莫曲坦、夫罗曲坦、多尼普曲坦和利扎曲坦;以及环加氧酶抑制剂,比如选择性环加氧酶-2抑制剂,特别是罗非考昔、艾托考昔、塞来考昔、美洛昔康、伐地考昔或paracoxib。
上述联合不仅包括本发明化合物与一种其它活性化合物的联合,还包括与两种或更多其它活性化合物的联合。同样地,本发明化合物可用于与其它药物相联合,这些药物用于预防、治疗、控制、改善本发明化合物所适用的疾病或病情或者降低其危险。这些其它药物可以以其常规的途径和剂量与本发明化合物同时或相继给药。当本发明化合物与一种或多种其它药物同时给药时,优选包含这些其它药物和本发明化合物的药物组合物。因此,本发明药物组合物包括除了本发明化合物外还包含一种或多种其它活性成分的那些药物组合物。
本发明化合物与其它活性成分的重量比可以不同并将取决于各成分的有效剂量。通常,将使用各有效剂量。由此,例如,当本发明化合物与另一种药物联合时,本发明化合物与另一药物的重量比通常在约1000∶1至约1∶1000范围内,或约200∶1至约1∶200。本发明化合物与其它的活性成分的联合通常也将在上述范围内,但在个例中应使用各活性成分的有效剂量。
在这些联合中,本发明化合物和其它的活性药物可以分别给药或联合给药。此外,一种要素的给药可以早于、同时或晚于另一药物的给药,且可通过相同或不同的途径给药。
本发明化合物可以通过口服、胃肠外(例如,肌内、度膜内、静脉注射、ICV、脑池内注射或输液、皮下注射或植入)通过吸入喷雾、经鼻、阴道、直肠、舌下或局部给药途径给药并可以以合适的剂量单独或一起配制在单位制剂中,其包含适合于各给药途径的常规无毒的药学上可接受的载体、助剂和赋形剂。除温血动物,本发明化合物可有效地用于人体内。
用于给予本发明化合物的药物组合物可以方便地存在于剂量单位形式中并可以通过药学领域公知的任何方法制备。所有方法均包括使得活性成分与包含一种或多种助剂的载体相结合的步骤。
通常,使得活性成分与液体载体或精细粉碎的固体载体或两者均匀且密切地结合从而制备药物组合物,然后,如果必要的话,使该产品成形为所需的制剂。在该药物组合物中包括的活性化合物的量应足以对于疾病过程或病情产生预期效果。如本文所用,术语“组合物”意在包括包含特定量特定成分的产品,以及直接或间接地由组合特定量的特定成分所得的任何产品。
包含该活性成分的药物组合物可以是适合口服的形式,例如,作为片剂、糖锭剂、锭剂、水或油悬浮液、可分散性粉剂或颗粒剂、乳剂、硬或软胶囊或者糖浆或酏剂。
设计用于口服的组合物可以根据本领域意指的制备药物组合物的任何方法制备,且该组合物可以包含一种或多种选自调味剂、着色剂和防腐剂的组合物从而提供药学上精美可口的制剂。片剂包含活性成分与适用于制备片剂的无毒的药学上可接受赋形剂。这些赋形剂例如可以是惰性的稀释剂比如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;粒化剂和崩解剂例如玉米淀粉或褐藻酸;粘合剂例如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯树胶;以及润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。该片剂可以不包衣或他们可以通过已知工艺包衣从而延迟崩解并在胃肠道吸收,由此提供在较长时间内的持续作用。例如,可以使用延时物质比如硬脂酸单甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。还可以根据US4,256,108;4,166,452和4,265,874描述的技术包衣从而形成用于控释的渗透片。口服片剂还可配制成速释片,比如禁食熔融片剂或干胶片,快速溶解片或禁食溶解薄膜。
口服制剂还可以是硬胶囊其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土混合,或者是软胶囊其中活性成分与水或油介质例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
水悬浮液包含活性物质与适合制备水悬浮液的赋形剂的混合物。这些赋形剂是悬浮剂例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟基丙甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡略烷酮、黄芪胶和阿拉伯胶;分散剂或润湿剂可以是天然存在的磷脂例如卵磷脂或烯氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯或氧化乙烯与长链脂族醇的缩合产物,例如十七烷乙烯氧基十六醇或氧化乙烯与来源于脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物比如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇一油酸,或氧化乙烯与来源于脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚乙烯单油酸山梨醇酐酯。水悬浮液还可包含一种或多种防腐剂例如对-羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂,以及一种或多种甜味剂比如蔗糖或糖精。
可以通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油或者矿物油比如液体石蜡中从而配制油悬浮液。该油悬浮液可以包含增稠剂例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入如上述的甜味剂和调味剂从而提供可口的口服制剂。可通过加入抗氧化剂比如抗坏血酸保存这些组合物。
可分散性粉剂和颗粒剂通过添加水适于制备成水悬浮液,提供了活性成分与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂的混合物。上面已举例说明了合适的分散剂或润湿剂。还可存在其它的赋形剂,例如甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。
本发明药物组合物还可以形成水包油乳剂。油相可以是植物油例如橄榄油或花生油或者矿物油例如液体石蜡或者其混合物。合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶例如阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶,天然存在的磷脂例如黄豆、卵磷脂,来源于脂肪酸和己糖醇酸酐的酯或偏酯例如单油酸山梨醇酐酯,以及所述偏酯与氧化乙烯的缩合产物例如聚氧乙烯单油酸山梨醇酐酯。
该乳剂还可包含甜味剂和调味剂。
糖浆和酏剂可以用甜味剂例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇或蔗糖配制。这些制剂还可包含湿润剂、防腐剂以及调味剂和着色剂。
该药物组合物可以形成无菌的可注射水或油(oleagenous)悬浮液形式。可以根据已知技术使用合适的分散剂或润湿剂以及上述悬浮剂配制该悬浮液。该无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的胃肠外-可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如是1,3-丁二醇溶液。可采用的可接受赋形剂和溶剂是水、生理盐水以及等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌的、固定油类通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为了此目的,可应用任何温和的固定油包括合成的单-或甘油二酯。此外,在注射剂的制备中可应用脂肪酸比如油酸。
本发明化合物还以以栓剂的形式经直肠给药。可通过混合药物与合适的无刺激性赋形剂制备这些组合物,其中赋形剂在常温下为固体单在直肠温度下是液体并由此将在直肠中熔化从而释放药物。这些材料是可可脂和聚乙二醇。
对于局部应用,可采用包含本发明化合物的乳剂、软膏剂、果冻、溶液或悬浮液,等等。类似地,透皮贴片也可用于局部给药。
本发明的药物组合物及方法还可包含本文提到的其它治疗活性化合物,这些化合物通常适用于治疗上述的病情。
治疗、预防、控制、改善需要拮抗CGRP受体活性的病情或降低其危险时,适当的剂量水平通常将大约为0.01至500mg每公斤患者体重每天,其可以以单一或多剂量给药。适宜的剂量水平可以是约0.01至250mg/kg每天,约0.05至100mg/kg每天,或约0.1至50mg/kg每天。在此范围内,该剂量可以是0.05至0.5,0.5至5或5至50mg/kg每天。对于口服给药,该组合物可以是片剂形式,包含1.0至1000毫克活性成分,特别是1.0、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0、400.0、500.0、600.0、750.0、800.0、900.0和1000.0毫克活性成分,以症状性调节所治疗患者的剂量。可以每天1至4次的方案给予该化合物,或每天给药一次或两次。
当治疗、预防、控制、改善头痛、偏头痛、集束性头痛或需要本发明化合物的其它疾病或者降低其危险时,每日给予本发明化合物的剂量约为0.1毫克至约100毫克每千克动物体重,假定为单一日剂量或一天二至六次的分隔剂量或者以缓释形式,可得到通常令人满意的结果。对于大型动物,总的日剂量为约1.0毫克至约1000毫克,或约1毫克至约50毫克。对于70kg的成年人而言,总的日剂量通常将为约7毫克至约350毫克。可调节该剂量方案从而提供最佳的治疗效果。
但是,应理解,对于任一具体患者的特定剂量水平和服药频率是可以改变的并将取决于各种因素,包括:所应用的特定化合物的活性、该化合物的代谢稳定性和作用的长短、年龄、体重、一般健康、性别、饮食、给药的方式和时间、排泄速率、药物联合、具体病情的严重程度以及宿主所接受的疗法。
下面的流程图和实施例举例说明了制备本发明化合物的若干方法。根据本领域已知方法或本文的说明制备起始原料。
本发明化合物可以根据下列流程图和特定的实施例或其改进使用易得的起始颜料、试剂和常规的合成方法容易地制备。在这些反应中,还可利用本身为本领域技术人员已知但并未较详细提及的改变。本领域技术人员根据下列流程图可以容易地理解领会制备本发明所要求的化合物的一般方法。
流程图1说明制备本发明化合物总体路线。最初,使用标准方法将羧酸初始物质1转变成相应的甲酯。其它酯可用于保护酸1,比如乙酯或叔丁酯,本领域公知它们的合成方法。使用溴或另一种溴化试剂比如N-溴代丁二酰亚胺对2进行溴化,得到溴代吡啶衍生物3,其是引入各种R2基团的方便的中间体。在流程图1中,经铜促偶合反应得到中间体4,但本领域技术人员可容易地理解到对于3应用各种不溶的试剂和条件从而得到一组不同的可能产物。条件的选择将取决于R2的准确特征且可包括由铜、镍或钯催化剂促进的使用各种基质和溶剂的反应。酯4经皂化反应得到酸5,其可以与胺R1NH2在EDC-HOBT条件下偶联得到结构6——本发明的化合物。
流程图1
可替换的酸5与胺偶合的方法包括但不限于,应用偶合试剂比如PyBOP、使用光气活化5、或将5转化为相应的酰氯或五氟苯酯。另一种合成类似于6的酰胺的方法是直接缩合胺R1NH2和酯中间体4,例如在甲苯中加热。
流程图2
在流程图2中,溴化吡啶7得到8,其可与酰胺[X=C(O)R7]、磺酰胺[X=S(O)2R7]和磺酰脲[X=S(O)2N(R6)(R7)]在如所示的钢促反应中偶合,从而得到各种结构9所示的产物。皂化该酯,随后与胺R1NH2偶合得到本发明化合物。
流程图3
流程图3详细描述了中间体1的合成,其适用于构建本发明化合物。酯化商业可得的酸12,随后经溴化,得到溴代吡啶14。使14与δ-磺内酰胺以及氧化亚铜(I)在吡啶中反应,随后再保护羧酸部分,得到酯15。在氯仿中使用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺可得到溴代苯酚16,且其可经皂化得到关键中间体1。
流程图4中显示了加工中间体1得到本发明化合物。如实施例所示,使用EDC和HOBT偶合酸与3,5-二氟苄胺生成下面实施例1中所述的化合物。该实施例1化合物可在甲醇中经钯催化羰化得到另一有意义的化合物,该化合物描述于实施例11中。
流程图4
流程图4中所示的直接酯化方法可用于提供本文描述的其它实施例。例如,在该偶合反应中应用不同的胺和羧酸可提供各种最终的酰胺产品。其它的偶合方法也可用于提供这样的酰胺。此外,用于提供实施例11化合物的羰化条件可用于各种溴化物从而得到本发明的其它化合物。
在一些情况下,最终产物还可经进一步修饰,例如,进行取代操作。这些操作可包括但不限于还原、氧化、烷基化、酰基化以及水解反应,这些都是本领域公知的。
在一些情况下,为了进行上述反应,可改变流程以利于反应和避免不需要的反应产物。提供下面的实施例以便可以更加充分地理解本发明。这些实施例仅是举例说明而不应以任何方式理解为对于本发明的限制。
中间体1
4-溴-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸
步骤A.3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯
将搅拌着的3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸(11.8g,84.8mmol)和浓H2SO4(16.6g,170mol)在MeOH(75mL)中的混合物加热回流18h,然后允许冷至环境温度。真空除去大部分溶剂并将残留混合物在CH2Cl2(500mL)和饱和NaHCO3(500mL)之间分配。水层进一步用CH2Cl2(3x300mL)萃取并干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩得到标题化合物,为白色固体。MS:m/z=154(M+1)。
步骤B.6-溴-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯
于环境温度,向搅拌着的3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯(9.03g,59.0mmol)的H2O(400mL)溶液中逐滴加入溴(12.8g,4.10mL,80.0mmol)。搅拌该混合物3h,期间形成细小的白色沉淀。
用CH2Cl2(3x500mL)萃取该含水混合物并干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩得到标题化合物,为白色固体,其纯度足以用于下一步骤中。MS:m/z=232(M+1)。
步骤C.6-(1,1-二氧代-12-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸
甲酯
氩氛中,将搅拌着的6-溴-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯(6.15g,26.5mmol)、δ-磺内酰胺(描述于WO 02/30931-A2中,Merck & Co.,Inc.,2002)(3.98g,29.4mmol)和氧化亚铜(I)(5.75g,40.2mmol)在无水吡啶(100mL)中的混合物加热至130℃,维持6h。冷却该混合物,并减压除去吡啶。残留物经CH2Cl2(400mL)和EDTA(0.35M的H2O溶液,300mL,105mmol)处理并向该混合物中吹入空气18h。该混合物通过一层硅藻土过滤,使用固体NaCl饱和水层并使用CH2Cl2(4x250mL)萃取。合并的有机萃取物经干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩得到粗油。将该油溶解于MeOH(400mL)和浓H2SO4(2mL)中并加热回流18h,然后允许冷却至环境温度。真空除去大部分溶剂并将残留混合物在CH2Cl2(400mL)和饱和NaHCO3(400mL)之间分配。水层进一步用CH2Cl2(2x250mL)萃取并干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩得到粗产物。该粗产物经硅胶色谱法部分纯化,使用CH2Cl2∶MeOH-100∶0至95∶5的梯度洗脱得到黄色固体,从MeOH中结晶得到标题化合物,为浅黄色固体,其纯度足以用于下一步骤中。MS:m/z=287(M+1)。
步骤D.4-溴-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-
2-羧酸甲酯
氩氛中,将搅拌着的6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯(2.50g,8.73mmol)和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(2.50g,14.1mmol)在无水CHCl3(50mL)中的混合物加热回流3h。冷却该混合物并在EtOAc(200mL)和饱和NaHCO3(100mL)之间分配。水层进一步用EtOAc(200mL)萃取,并干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩得到粗固体。使用MeOH磨碎该固体得到标题化合物,为棕褐色固体。MS:m/z=365(M+1)。
步骤E.4-溴-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-y1)-3-羟基吡啶-
2-羧酸
于环境温度搅拌4-溴-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3羟基吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯(1.50g,4.11mmol)和氢氧化钠(361mg,9.04mmol)的THF(35mL)和H2O(10mL)溶液18h。该混合物经CHCl3(30mL)萃取并弃去有机层。使用HCl水溶液将水层调至pH=3并用CHCl3(2x50mL)萃取,干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩得到标题化合物,为黄色固体。MS:m/z=351(M+1)。
实施例1
4-溴-N-(3,5-二氟苄基)-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-
羟基吡啶-2-羧酰胺
步骤A.4-溴-N-(3,5-二氟苄基)-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪
烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酰胺
于环境温度在DMF(2mL)中搅拌4-溴-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酸(中间体1)(144mg,0.41mmol)、EDC(173mg,0.90mmol)和HOBT(75mg,0.49mmol)的混合物1min,然后加入3,5二氟苄胺(177mg,1.23mmol)。搅拌该混合物2h,然后在CH2Cl2(500mL)和饱和NaHCO3(25mL)之间分配。水层进一步用CH2Cl2(2x50mL)萃取并干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物,过滤并真空浓缩。粗产物经HPLC纯化,使用反相C18柱并使用H2O∶CH3CN∶CF3CO2H-90∶10∶0.1至5∶95∶0.1的梯度洗脱。冷冻干燥得到标题化合物,为浅色固体。MS:m/z=476(M+1)。
HRMS:m/z=476.0099;C17H17BrF2N3O4S的计算m/z=476.0086。
实施例2-7
基本上根据实施例1概述的过程制备表1中列出的化合物。所需的胺可以购得、描述于文献中或易于为有机合成领域技术人员合成。有时,应用简单的保护基策略。
表1
实施例8
N-(3,5-二氟苄基)-5-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-8-羟基
-1,6-二氮杂萘-7-羧酰胺
步骤A.N-(3,5-二氟苄基)-5-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基
1)-8-羟基-1,6-二氮杂萘-7-羧酰胺
根据实施例1概述的过程,但使用5-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-8-羟基-1,6-二氮杂萘-2-羧酸(描述于WO02/30931-A2中,Merck & Co.,Inc.,2002)替代中间体1,得到标题化合物,为浅色固体。MS:m/z=449(M+1).HRMS:m/z=449.1075;C20H19F2N4O4S的计算m/z=449.1090。
实施例9-10
基本上根据实施例1概述的过程制备表2中列出的化合物。所需的胺可以购得、描述于文献中或易于为有机合成领域技术人员合成。有时,应用简单的保护基策略。
表2
实施例11
2-[(3,5-二氟苄基)氨基]羰基}-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪烷-2-
基)-3-羟基异烟酸甲酯
步骤A.2-{[(3,5-二氟苄基)氨基]羰基}-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-
噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基异烟酸甲酯
CO(ca.1atm)氛中将搅拌着的4-溴-N-(3,5-二氟苄基)-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基吡啶-2-羧酰胺(实施例1)(100mg,0.210mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(24mg,0.105mmol)、1,3-二(二苯基膦)丙烷(43mg,0.105mmol)和三乙胺(0.15mL,1.08mmol)在MeOH(7mL)中的混合物加热至轻微回流,维持18h。浓编该反应混合物至干并在EtOAc(20mL)中重悬浮残留物,使用10%柠檬酸水溶液(5mL)然后使用盐水(5mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)有机层,过滤并真空浓缩。粗产物经HPLC纯化,使用反相C18柱并使用H2O∶CH3CN∶CF3CO2H-90∶10∶0.1至5∶95∶0.1的梯度洗脱。冷冻干燥得固体并进一步经硅胶色谱法纯化,使用己烷∶EtOAc∶HCO2H-80∶20∶2至50∶50∶2的梯度洗脱得到标题化合物,为白色固体。MS:m/z=456(M+1).HRMS:m/z=456.1048;C19H20F2N3O6S的计算m/z=456.1036。
实施例12
2-{[(叔丁氧羰基)甲基]氨基}羰基)-6-(1,1-二氧代-1,2-噻嗪
烷-2-基)-3-羟基异烟酸甲酯
步骤A.2-({[(叔丁氧羰基)甲基]氨基}羰基)-6-(1,1-二氧代-
1,2-噻嗪烷-2-基)-3-羟基异烟酸甲酯
根据实施例11概速的过程,使用实施例3替代实施例1得到标题化合物。MS:m/z=444(M+1).HRMS:m/z=444.1440;C18H26N3O8S的计算m/z=444.1435。
虽然已经参考某些具体实施方案描述并说明了本发明,但本领域技术人员将理解可以进行各种修改、改变、修饰、取代、删除和添加一些步骤与方案而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。例如,经本发明上述化合物治疗任一症状时哺乳动物的应答有变化,由此可应用不同于本文上述具体剂量的有效剂量。同样地,所观察到的特定药理学应答可根据并取决于所选的具体活性化合物和是否存在药物载体以及所应用的制剂类型和给药方式等而改变,且结果中的这些预期变化和差异被认为与本发明的目的和实践相一致。因此,本发明限定于权利要求而非受实施例限制。
Claims (27)
1. 下式化合物:
其中:
R1是C1-C6烷基,其是未取代的或被1个选自下列的取代基取代:
1)芳基,未取代或被1至5个选自下列的取代基取代:
i)C1-C6烷基,以及
ii)卤素;
2)-C(O)-N(R6)(R7),
其中R6选自C1-C6烷基、C3-C10环烷基和芳基,其为未取代的或被一个或多个下列取代基取代:
a)C1-C4烷基,
b)C1-C4烷氧基,
c)芳基,和
d)卤素,和
R7是氢,和
3)-C(O)-OR10;
R2是-NR6-S(O)2R7,其中R6和R7相连形成环;
R3选自氢和C1-C6烷基;
R4选自卤素和R10OC(O)-;
R10是C1-C6烷基;
或其药学上可接受的盐或备非对映异构体。
2. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2-芳基,其被1-3个选自下列的取代基所取代或未取代:氟、氯、溴、碘和甲基。
3. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是苄基,其被1-3个氟取代。
4. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2C(O)OR10。
5. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2C(O)OC(CH3)3。
6. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2C(O)NHR6。
7. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2C(O)NH(C4-C10环烷基)。
8. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-CH2C(O)NH-芳基。
9. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R3是氢。
10. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R4是溴。
11. 根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R4是-C(O)OR10。
13. 一种药物组合物,其包含惰性载体和权利要求1的化合物。
14. 权利要求1的化合物在制备用于拮抗哺乳动物体内CGRP受体活性的药物中的用途。
15. 权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗、控制、改善哺乳动物患者体内头痛或者降低其危险的药物中的用途。
16. 权利要求15的用途,其中头痛是偏头痛。
17. 权利要求15的用途,其中头痛是集束性头痛。
18. 权利要求1的化合物在制备用于调整哺乳动物体内AM受体活性的药物中的用途。
19. 权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗、控制、改善哺乳动物患者体内癌症、糖尿病性视网膜病、血管紊乱、心力衰蝎、脓毒性体克、高血压、肾衰竭和糖尿病或者降低其危险的药物中的用途。
20. 权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与选自5-羟色胺激动剂、镇痛药、抗炎药、抗高血压药和抗惊厥药的第二药物联合在制备用于治疗或预防人头痛的药物中的用途。
21. 权利要求20的用途,其中头痛是偏头痛。
22. 权利要求20的用途,其中头痛是集束性头痛。
23. 权利要求20-22中任一项的用途,其中所述第二药物选自5-HT1B/1D激动剂、5-HT1D激动剂、5-HT1F激动剂、麦角胺、二氢麦角胺、退热净、糖皮质激素、非甾类抗炎药。
24. 权利要求20-22中任一项的用途,其中所述第二药物选自血管紧张素II拮抗剂、血管紧张素I拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和肾素抑制剂。
25. 权利要求1化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和选自抗焦虑剂、安定药、β-阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、NE再摄取抑制剂、肉毒毒素A或B、vanilloid受体拮抗剂、腺苷1拮抗剂、NR2B拮抗剂、P物质拮抗剂、粒酶B抑制剂、内皮肽拮抗剂、去甲肾上腺素前体、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、血管舒缓激肽拮抗剂、间隙连接抑制剂、AMPA/KA拮抗剂、σ受体激动剂、氯离子通道增强剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、阿片样物质激动剂、以及白细胞三烯受体拮抗剂、止吐药、促运动剂和组胺H1拮抗剂的第二药物联合在制备治疗或预防人头痛的药物中的用途。
26. 权利要求25的用途,其中头痛是偏头痛。
27. 权利要求25的用途,其中头痛是集束性头痛。
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2004
- 2004-07-09 JP JP2006520226A patent/JP2007523870A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-09 AU AU2004259675A patent/AU2004259675A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-09 CN CNB2004800205006A patent/CN100418948C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-09 US US10/564,706 patent/US20060173046A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-09 CA CA002532064A patent/CA2532064A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-09 WO PCT/US2004/021888 patent/WO2005009962A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
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EP1646611A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
CN1823043A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
US20060173046A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
AU2004259675A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
WO2005009962A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
CA2532064A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
JP2007523870A (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
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