CN100401874C - Stereo trough type nutrition providing cultivating method for dendrobium - Google Patents
Stereo trough type nutrition providing cultivating method for dendrobium Download PDFInfo
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- CN100401874C CN100401874C CNB2006100713076A CN200610071307A CN100401874C CN 100401874 C CN100401874 C CN 100401874C CN B2006100713076 A CNB2006100713076 A CN B2006100713076A CN 200610071307 A CN200610071307 A CN 200610071307A CN 100401874 C CN100401874 C CN 100401874C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a stereo groove type catering and cultivating method for dendrobium stem orchid, which comprises a selecting process for planted materials, a planting process and a water and fertilizer managing process. The catering and cultivating method provided by the present invention solves the problems of slow growth, long unproductive period and high cultivation cost of the dendrobium stem orchid. Therefore, the dendrobium stem orchid grows rapidly and blossoms or generates stems and leaves ahead of 1 to 3 years. The present invention provides a stable, comprehensive and a balanced nutrition supply system for the growth and development of orchid plants, shortens productive period, reduces production cost, provides mechanical guarantee for the quick cultivation of the dendrobium stem orchid, performs a positive propelling function on the development and the use of the dendrobium stem orchid and on the satisfaction of people's living needs, and has important economical and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of a kind of orchid, relate in particular to a kind of provisions cultivation method that utilizes slot type container splendid attire nutriment to carry out dendrobium.
Background technology
Torrid zone orchid all is under the jurisdiction of orchid on Plant Taxonomy, can be divided into living blue two major types of epiphytic orchid and ground by lifestyle, mainly is distributed in the torrid zone, the subtropical zone of low latitudes.Plant corpus is grown nonparasitically upon another plant on trunk, branch or sylvan life withered tree and the rock of tropical rain forest with aerial root, is called aerial orchid or epiphytic orchid.As dendrobium, Bowring cattleya, Moth orchid and orchid etc. all ages; And plant corpus grows in the orchid of being rich in the organic soil, gives birth to blue with being called.As hybrid cymbidium, pocket orchid and mun orchid etc.
Dendrobium (Dendrobium) is the second largest genus of the orchid family, herbaceos perennial.The whole world is in respect of 1500 kinds.Except that indivedual kinds, all belong to the epiphytic orchid class.It is global about 5% that the kind of China's stem of noble dendrobium only accounts for, but in history, its medicinal development and utilization is taken its place in the front ranks of the world, and is important conventional Chinese medicine material.The medicinal dendrobium kind that Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China version in 2000 is recorded has 5, be dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe (Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe.), stem of Eyeshaped Dendrobium (D.fimbriatumHook.var.oculatum Hook.), HERBA DENDROBII (D.chrysanthum Wall.), dendrobium candidum (D.candidum Wall.ex Lindl.), HERBA DENDROBII (D.nobile Lindl.), but medicinal kind in fact among the people is a plurality of in addition, is used to extract that some composition makes pharmaceutical raw material that more kind also arranged.In 76 kinds of Dendrobium plants of China, there are nearly 40 kinds to do medicinal.Some medicinal dendrobium kind exports for a long time, enjoys great prestige Southeast Asia and some American-European areas.
Part kind in the Dendrobium has good drug effect, is rare famous and precious medicine and national rare or endangered species protection kind.This about material medical value is high, has effects such as nourishing Yin and moistening lung, nourishing the stomach to improve the production of body fluid, brain nourishing and eyesight improving, tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, can be used for treating illnesss such as tumour, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease.For a long time, medicinal dendrobium candidum mainly relies on the wild kind of gathering, and causes wild resource seriously exhausted, is on the verge of disappearance.Country has classified wild dendrobium candidum as and has laid special stress on protecting the natural crude drugs plant at present.
Dendrobium torrid zone aerial orchid, its cultivation habit both need be grown under the moist environment of the torrid zone, subtropical zone as its name and the characteristic of root, lived in not good the planting in the material of permeability of ponding again.The material of planting that blue class is given birth on ground is mainly: earth, humus soil and brickbat or pelelith or charcoal or coconut husk etc.; Conventional being mainly expected in planting of aerial orchid: tree fern root, charcoal, brickbat, bark, sphagna, coconut husk and coconut palm clothing, pelelith, haydite, sponge, big gun cotton (mud for inserting flowers), foamed plastics, vermiculite, perlite etc.The method of planting and other flowers are similar.
Dendrobium occurring in nature from seedling grow to maturation, blooming needs 3-10 approximately, conventional artificial cultivation also needs 2-4.
The blue fertilising in the conventional torrid zone (being liquid manure entirely) gist is: fertilizer does not water before not applying fertilizer, apply fertilizer in peaceful rare not dense, flowering stage, many sealing fertilizers of Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer or the like.The method of concrete fertilising mainly contains: foliage-spray, root system are irritated and are executed etc.Root system is irritated Shi Youyou: modes such as pouring, spray, seat soak, immersion.The pouring formula is that fertilizer is watered in growing material, allows root system absorb; Fountain is the fertilizing method that foliage-spray combines with the root system pouring; It is that the direct seat of blue basin is immersed in the solution that seat soaks formula, makes root system fully absorb fertilizer; Immersion type generally is to carry out when turning over the basin plant division, orchid is immersed in allow it fully absorb fertile part in the solution.These fertilizing methods are all both advantageous and disadvantageous, adopt proper can be favourable and harmless.
From above general introduction as can be known, the mesotrophic supply of conventional cultivation mainly solves by liquid manure except that a small amount of fixed nitrogen of root system is drawn.Such cultivation method time period of immaturity is long, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The stereo trough type provisions cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of dendrobium.
What the designed dendrobium stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the present invention comprised planting material selects process, planting process and water and fertilizer management process for use.
Planting material select process for use: refer to select for use the needed container of plantation dendrobium, nutrition soil, inorganic fertilizer, plant material.Described container is a kind of in bamboo groove, plastic channel, trogue, metal trough, cement tub, the fiber groove; Described nutrition soil is by humus soil, fertilizer (contain people and pig, ox, sheep, chicken etc. and hold poultry manure), cake fertilizer, pond sludge or peat soil, paddy skin charcoal (when husk fires, it is water-sprinkling, do not allow it change into ash, to strengthen hydrophobic, air-permeability, the gas of annealing again), burn soil, thin coconut palm chaff mixes; Described inorganic fertilizer is to be composited with urea, composite fertilizer and superphosphate; The described material of planting is to be mixed by brickbat tile fragment, charcoal, dried bark, coconut husk, thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff.
Planting process: bore an aperture in the container bottom spacing earlier during plantation, three-dimensional fixing several container spacings then; In container, put into nutrition soil and inorganic fertilizer, put above and plant material, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck again, then blue strain is placed on the coconut palm chaff, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck above the root system again, with charcoal, bark and coconut husk blue strain is fixed again, spread some thick coconut palm chaffs above, push down with queen closer or broken tile fragment again, with thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff the slit is filled up at last.
Water and fertilizer management process: by the program of watering with execute the liquid manure program and form.
The program of watering comprises waters and sprays.Water: generally weekly 2-10 time, its principle is as standard with the wet degree of doing of matrix.Spraying: general every day 2-4 time, its principle is as standard with the wet degree of doing of exposed root system.
Fertilization program comprises basal dressing and executes liquid manure two aspects.Basal dressing is to apply fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in the nutrition soil in container earlier in when plantation, later on again in every year 6, mix the back with fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer at twice and apply in container from the plant both sides November, when fertilising, note not being placed directly on the root system.Execute liquid manure: the principle of executing liquid manure is: suitable diligent and light, avoid rapid and thick; Fertilizer is main, and inorganic fertilizer is auxilliary.The dilution of the fertilizer that organic liquid manure becomes thoroughly decomposed with soaking fermentation removes slag standby after clarification, and inorganic liquid manure is that urea, composite fertilizer and superphosphate are dissolved in the water dilution back is standby.Fertilization mode can drench to be executed, and also can spray.
The stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of dendrobium provided by the present invention.Solved the blue poor growth in medicinal (being used as medicine) and the cut-flower torrid zone with stem, the high difficult problem of cultivation cost, dendrobium grow needed nutrition and the imitative wild nutrition soil humous that parasitizes under tree (or rock) state in planting material, have been prepared, for growing of blue strain provides one to stablize, comprehensive and balanced nutrition and moisture supply conditions, shortened campaign, reduced production cost, for the quick cultivation of dendrobium provides technical guarantee, exploitation to dendrobium, utilize and satisfy people's living needs and played positive impetus, have important economic and social benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the dendrobium that the present invention is designed, what comprise planting material selects process, planting process and water and fertilizer management process for use.
1, the process of selecting for use of planting material is selected the needed container of plantation orchid, nutrition soil, inorganic fertilizer for use, is planted material.Described container is a kind of in bamboo groove, plastic channel, trogue, metal trough, cement tub, the fiber groove; Described nutrition soil is by humus soil, fertilizer (contain people and pig, ox, sheep, chicken etc. and hold poultry manure), cake fertilizer, pond sludge or peat soil, paddy skin charcoal (when husk fires, it is water-sprinkling, do not allow it change into ash, to strengthen hydrophobic, air-permeability, the gas of annealing again), burn soil, thin coconut palm chaff mixes, wherein count by weight percentage: humus soil accounts for 15-30%, fertilizer and accounts for 10-20%, cake fertilizer and account for 5-15%, pond sludge or peat soil and account for 5-20%, paddy skin charcoal and account for 5-20%, burn that soil accounts for 10-30%, thin coconut palm chaff accounts for 5-20%; Described inorganic fertilizer is meant urea, composite fertilizer, superphosphate, and the ratio of wherein counting by weight percentage in nutrition soil is: urea 1%, composite fertilizer 1-2%, superphosphate 2-5%; The described material of planting is to be mixed by brickbat tile fragment, charcoal, dried bark, coconut husk, thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff, and wherein the brickbat tile fragment accounts for 10-30%, charcoal and accounts for 5-20%, dried bark and account for 10-30%, coconut husk and account for that 10-30%, thick coconut palm chaff account for 10-30%, thin coconut palm chaff accounts for 5-20% by volume.
2, in planting process when plantation, press 20-30 centimetre spacing at container bottom earlier and bore an aperture, press herringbone shape solid to container slot 6-8 by vertical or each 6-8 of 2 rows then and fix; In container, put into nutrition soil and inorganic fertilizer, put 1/2-2/3 to container, put the material of planting of 1/4-1/3 above, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck above, then blue strain is placed on the coconut palm chaff, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck above the root system again, with charcoal, bark and coconut husk blue strain is fixed again, spread some thick coconut palm chaffs above, push down with queen closer or broken tile fragment again, the slit is filled up got final product with thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff at last.
3, the water and fertilizer management process is made up of program of watering and fertilization program.The Proterozoic of dendrobium is the tropical rain forest of high temperature, humidity, and the blue environment that also will simulate its Proterozoic in the tame torrid zone just can make orchid robust growth, the pattern of cultivation gorgeous.
(1) program of watering
The program of watering comprises water operation and spraying operation.
Water: generally weekly 2-10 time, its principle is as standard with the wet degree of doing of matrix.When the dry tack free of matrix, should fully water; When vigorous, the high-temperature drying of growth, should increase the number of times that waters; When temperature was on the low side in the winter time, the number of times that waters can suitably reduce.
Spraying: owing to be not grown in the soil at the Proterozoic dendrobium, root is grown nonparasitically upon another plant on matrix such as bark, rock, needs higher humidity just can keep the eubolism of root system, has only root growth normally just can keep the normal growth of blue strain.So, the cultivation dendrobium, the importance that keeps higher humidity is considerably beyond the importance of applying fertilizer.Spray 2-4 general every day, and its principle is as standard with the wet degree of doing of exposed root system.When the dry tack free of root system, should spray; When vigorous, the high-temperature drying of growth, should increase the number of times of spraying; When temperature was on the low side in the winter time, spraying every day got final product for 1 time.
(2) fertilization program
Fertilization program is divided into basal dressing and executes two kinds of liquid manure.
Base manure: apply fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in the nutrition soil during plantation in container, later in every year 6, mix the back with fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer at twice and apply in container from the plant both sides November, note not being placed directly on the root system.
Liquid manure: the liquid manure of dendrobium waters to be executed also very carefully, makes every effort to not damage root.Fertilising is too diligent, too dense or too much, all can cause the accumulation of poisonous salinity, and injury orchid root causes blue strain death.The principle of executing liquid manure is: suitable diligent and light, avoid rapid and thick; Organic liquid manure is main, and inorganic liquid manure is auxilliary.The dilution of the fertilizer that organic liquid manure becomes thoroughly decomposed with soaking fermentation removes slag after clarification and uses 5-10 days 1 time; Inorganic liquid manure is based on urea, composite fertilizer, soaks, and is diluted to 0.1-0.5% then and directly uses, 2-5 days 1 time in 1-2 days in advance.Execute the liquid manure mode and can drench and execute, also can spray.
Claims (6)
1. dendrobium stereo trough type provisions cultivation method is characterized in that: the selection course, planting process and the water and fertilizer management process that comprise planting material:
1), the selection course of planting material is meant and selects plantation orchid needed container, nutrition soil, inorganic fertilizer for use, plants material; Described nutrition soil is by humus soil, fertilizer, cake fertilizer, pond sludge or peat soil, paddy skin charcoal, burn soil, thin coconut palm chaff mixes, and wherein counts by weight percentage humus soil and accounts for 15-30%, fertilizer and account for 10-20%, cake fertilizer and account for 5-15%, pond sludge or peat soil and account for 5-20%, paddy skin charcoal and account for 5-20%, burn that soil accounts for 10-30%, thin coconut palm chaff accounts for 5-20%; Described inorganic fertilizer is meant urea, composite fertilizer, superphosphate, and the ratio of wherein counting by weight percentage in nutrition soil is: urea 1%, composite fertilizer 1-2%, superphosphate 2-5%; The described material of planting is to be mixed by brickbat tile fragment, charcoal, dried bark, coconut husk, thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff, and wherein the brickbat tile fragment accounts for 10-30%, charcoal and accounts for 5-20%, dried bark and account for 10-30%, coconut husk and account for that 10-30%, thick coconut palm chaff account for 10-30%, thin coconut palm chaff accounts for 5-20% by volume;
2), planting process is meant that when plantation bore an aperture in the container bottom spacing earlier, then container slot 6-8 press by vertical or each 6-8 of 2 rows that the herringbone shape is three-dimensional to be fixed; In container, put into nutrition soil and inorganic fertilizer, put 1/2-2/3 to container, put the material of planting of 1/4-1/3 above, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck above, then blue strain is placed on the coconut palm chaff, spread the thin coconut palm chaff of one deck above the root system again, with charcoal, bark and coconut husk blue strain is fixed again, spread some thick coconut palm chaffs above, push down with queen closer or broken tile fragment again, the slit is filled up got final product with thick coconut palm chaff, thin coconut palm chaff at last;
3), the water and fertilizer management process is made up of program of watering and fertilization program, wherein the program of watering is to water 2-10 time to matrix weekly, spray 2-4 every day; Fertilization program can be divided into basal dressing and execute two kinds of liquid manure: described basal dressing is to apply fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in the nutrition soil in the provisions container when plantation, later in every year 6, mix the back with fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer at twice and apply in container from the plant both sides November; The described organic liquid manure of liquid manure of executing is main, and inorganic liquid manure is auxilliary, and the dilution of the fertilizer that organic liquid manure becomes thoroughly decomposed with soaking fermentation removes slag after clarification and uses 5-10 days 1 time; Inorganic liquid manure is 1-2 days in advance immersion inorganic fertilizers, is diluted to 0.1-0.5% then and directly uses, 2-5 days 1 time.
2. according to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the said dendrobium of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described container is a kind of in bamboo groove, plastic channel, trogue, metal trough, cement tub, the fiber groove.
3. according to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the said dendrobium of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the spacing in container bottom boring is 20-30 centimetre.
4. according to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the said dendrobium of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic liquid manure is to obtain through immersion with urea, composite fertilizer and superphosphate.
5. according to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the said dendrobium of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mode of watering is to spill to drench and spraying combines.
6. according to the stereo trough type provisions cultivation method of the said dendrobium of claim 1, it is characterized in that: execute the liquid manure mode and can drench and execute, also can spray.
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| CNB2006100713076A CN100401874C (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2006-03-20 | Stereo trough type nutrition providing cultivating method for dendrobium |
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| CN100401874C true CN100401874C (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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| CN101352140B (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-09-29 | 李明焱 | Dendrobium officinale substrate and planting method |
| CN101948351B (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2013-01-02 | 蔡仲玉 | Method for preparing dendrobium substrate |
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