CN100398018C - 无烟烟草产品 - Google Patents

无烟烟草产品 Download PDF

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CN100398018C
CN100398018C CNB028107268A CN02810726A CN100398018C CN 100398018 C CN100398018 C CN 100398018C CN B028107268 A CNB028107268 A CN B028107268A CN 02810726 A CN02810726 A CN 02810726A CN 100398018 C CN100398018 C CN 100398018C
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CN1555231A (zh
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琼尼·R·威廉姆斯
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Regent Court Technologies LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/22—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by application of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
    • A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于人消费的无烟烟草产品由粉状烟草制成。在一个方面，该粉状烟草具有N′-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)，N′-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N′-亚硝基新烟碱(NAB)的总含量0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草的无烟烟草产品。在另一方面，该无烟烟草产品包含粉状烟草和约0.5-约15wt%薄荷，约0.5-约15wt%绿薄荷，约0.5-约15wt%薄荷醇，和约0.5-约15wt%桉树品。该粉状产品可通过粉碎熟化烟草或，另外，由烟草的含水提取物制成。

Description

无烟烟草产品
相关申请的交叉引用
该申请是2001年5月1日递交的申请系列No.09/845,249的部分继续，并根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求2001年11月13日递交的U.S.临时申请系列No.60/331,236，和2001年10月2日递交的U.S.临时申请60/326,224的优先权。
本发明的领域
本发明涉及烟草产品和，更尤其，涉及无烟烟草产品。
本发明的背景
有许多口部传输形式的烟草。这些形式包括咀嚼烟草，口香糖，嚼子，胶囊，和片剂。咀嚼烟草采用被放入嘴和最终从嘴中被去除的切割或撕碎烟草。嚼子，片剂，和类似物通常被设计成慢慢溶解，这样在一段时间内供给烟碱。这些产品通常通过切割烟草植物或叶并随后使用溶剂从烟草中提取可溶组分而得到.所得提取物被干燥和与其它成分结合形成产品。
U.S.专利3,368,567描述了一种具有烟草浓缩物和预期位于使用者嘴中的片剂。在制备片剂时，烟碱和其它活性成分从已被粉碎成细颗粒的熟化烟草中提取。烟草在水中浸泡并随后加入浓无机酸。将所得液体施用到吸收性，惰性，食用基料中，使得它所占的量低于基料的10％。在液体干燥之后，所得材料被压缩成片剂。
U.S.专利4,991,599描述了一种用于抽吸或咀嚼的烟草产品。烟草产品通过形成烟草的含水提取物而得到。熟化烟草叶优选被破碎或粉碎成微小颗粒，和使沸水或水蒸气经过这些颗粒以生产烟草的含水提取物。含水提取物干燥得到固体提取物。固体随后被粉碎成可抽吸的或可咀嚼的可能。
U.S.专利5,387,416描述，用水提取熟化烟草叶以形成液体提取物。液体提取物被浓缩至固体浓度约30％的溶解固体，随后喷雾干燥以形成喷雾干燥粉末.粉末随后被溶解和加入明胶，例如，和处理形成可被放在颊中的烟草组合物。
其它产品采用包含被放在嘴中的烟草产品的包装。烟草扩散通过包装和包装最终被从嘴中取出和扔掉。这些产品包括SNOOSE，其中烟草被放在网孔袋中和放在嘴中。U.S.专利4,907,605涉及使用水不可溶材料(可类似于茶袋)将烟碱分配在嘴中。
用于抽吸停止助剂的市场正在增长。最著名的是使烟碱通过皮肤或嘴传输的经眼或经粘膜设备。
U.S.专利5,512,306描述了一种抽吸停止助剂，它是在烟碱和环化合物如多糖之间形成的内含物配合物的形式。U.S.专利5,525,351涉及一种由凝胶和烟碱形成的唾液溶性刺激剂，而U.S.专利5,783,207描述形成包含基质材料和烟碱的压缩片剂，这样该压缩片剂被连接到夹具上用于插入嘴中。
U.S.专利5,135,753；5,362,496；和5,593,684分别涉及经眼烟碱传输与烟碱的经粘膜或口腔传输的组合。后者传输可以是锭剂，橡皮糖，片剂，或胶囊的形式。
但这些产品的问题在于它们传输的产品具有太高含量的硝基胺，后者是据信主要在熟化过程中形成的致癌物。在烟草产品中确认的硝基胺种类包括烟草特定的硝基胺(TSNAs)如N′-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)，N′-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N′-亚硝基新烟碱(NAB)。据信硝基胺可衍生自烟草生物碱，其中烟碱是最普遍的。根据一组研究人员的推论，烟碱被亚硝化以形成NNN，NNK和/或4-(N-甲基-N-硝基氨基)-4-(3-吡啶基)丁醇(NNA)(Hoffman等人，“N-硝基胺在烟草产品中的形成，出现，和类癌瘤”在O′Neill等人，N-亚硝基化合物：出现，生物作用和与人类癌症的关系，世界卫生组织，1984)。Hecht等人，“烟草特定的N-硝基胺出现，类癌瘤，和新陈代谢”Amer.Chem.Soc.1979推论，未燃烧的烟草中的NNN的含量水平是0.3-9.0ppm(在香烟烟草)，3.0-45.3ppm(在雪茄烟草)，3.5-90.6ppm(在咀嚼烟草)，和12.1-29.1ppm(在嗅剂)。最高35μg/g的NNK已在烟草中检测出，0.2-8.3μg/g(在嗅剂产品)，和0.1-0.5mg/cig(在香烟烟雾)。
一般，高烟碱和硝基胺含量在叶片中发现，而茎包含较低含量的烟碱和硝基胺。茎通常具有低于叶片烟碱含量50％或更多的烟碱含量。
本发明的简要综述
根据一个方面，本发明涉及一种无烟烟草产吕，它包含N′-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)，N′-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N′-亚硝基新烟碱(NAB)总含量为0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草。
根据本发明的另一方面，无烟烟草产品包含粉状烟草和约0.5-约15wt％薄荷，约0.5-约15wt％绿薄荷，约0.5-约15wt％薄荷醇，和约0.5-约15wt％桉树品。优选如第一实施方案那样，粉状烟草具有NNN，NNK，NAT和NAB的总含量0.3μg/g或更低。
粉状烟草可由粉碎烟草茎，叶片，或两者而制成。另外，粉状烟草可由烟草茎，叶片，或两者的含水提取物而制成。粉状烟草与任何可有可无的香味剂或其它成分一起可被压制成适用于人口部消耗的嚼子或其它形式。
本发明的详细描述
本文所述的无烟烟草产品提供对-香烟和传统无烟产品的一种替代.无烟烟草产品包含粉状烟草和视需要其它成分如粘结剂，桉树品，蜂胶，绿薄荷，薄荷醇，和/或其它香味剂。产品优选主要包含水溶性(或唾液溶性)组分，允许烟碱和其它组分的经眼或经粘膜传输。粉末优选被研磨至足够细，甚至不可溶组分可容易被吞咽。该产品优选具有非常低的硝基胺含量，优选为食品安全水平。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，无烟烟草产品是包含粉状烟草的固体嚼子(bit)。粉状烟草可由熟化烟草茎，叶片，或两者(以下统称作“烟草材料”)制成。烟草材料在无烟烟草产品中的相对比例取决于烟草叶的特定组成之类的因素。固体嚼子最通常具有约10％-约80％重量的粉状烟草，更通常约25％-约55％重量。
优选，熟化烟草材料被粉碎，如研磨，以形成粉状烟草。在该方式，烟草材料被研磨至足够细以生产容易吞咽的产品。另外，烟草材料的提取物被干燥以形成粉末。在提取工艺中，熟化烟草材料用溶剂，通常水或蒸汽提取。所得溶液包含烟草的水溶性组分，包括烟碱。溶液随后根据需要被干燥和研磨，以形成粉状烟草。
粉状烟草可随后用于形成嚼子。但在形成嚼子之前，粉状烟草可能需要如通过造粒或通过辊压和研磨而被处理以形成较大颗粒。这些工艺提供更容易成型为嚼子的颗粒，和形成在使用过程中和在包装使不会崩解的嚼子。另外，较大颗粒比较小颗粒容易处理和不形成与小粉末颗粒有关的“粉尘”。另外，较大颗粒比粉末颗粒更容易压缩成嚼子。这样嚼子的配制速度更高和嚼子更容易机制。另外，使用造粒或辊压和压制提供香味剂，着色剂，和类似物在整个最终嚼子中的均匀分布。
造粒通过将粘结剂加入粉末和使粉末聚集成较大颗粒而增加颗粒尺寸。通过使用流体造粒工艺，例如，粉末聚集成相对较大的颗粒.造粒工艺也可通过将溶解的香味剂包括在粘结剂溶液中而用于向颗粒中加入香味剂，如桉树品或薄荷醇，或其它成分。桉树品，例如，消除或减少最终产品的苦味。
加压辊压将颗粒压制成片或皮。片或皮随后被粉碎形成大于原始粉末颗粒的颗粒。在辊压之前，粉末可与包括粘结剂和香味剂的其它成分混合。
粉末或颗粒随后被压缩形成嚼子。嚼子可通过任何合适的方式处理和包装。嚼子被放在嘴中并溶解，释放烟碱和其它烟草组分。不溶解的任何材料容易与溶解组分一起被吞咽。即，例如，由全叶粉碎烟草形成的嚼子崩解和溶解在嘴中，使得任何不可溶组分成为容易用唾液吞咽的非常小颗粒的形式。
无烟烟草产品的粉状烟草优选由具有非常低TSNA含量的熟化烟草茎，叶片，或两者而形成。优选，使用烟草的烟丝变种，即，维吉尼亚烟丝。烟草茎一般具有比叶片存在量更高的量的纤维组分。还存在其它差别。例如，茎通常具有低于叶片的苦味。叶片容易研磨和具有较高浓度的可溶组分。
首先，烟草生长和被收获。烟草被熟化并随后从熟化皮中取出。如果仅使用茎或叶片，茎或叶片可在熟化之前或之后从剩余的叶中分离。优选茎或叶片在熟化之后分离。
烟草材料优选使用一种设计得到非常低TSNA熟化烟草的工艺而熟化。例如，微波工艺可用于基本上防止硝基胺在熟化过程中形成。U.S.专利5,803,081和WO 98/05226描述使用微波以基本上防止形成硝基胺。U.S.专利6,311,695描述使用高频率电磁力能量(电子束，γ，等)作用到未熟化烟草上以基本上防止形成硝基胺。另外，烟草可在避免厌氧条件的控制环境中熟化，例如描述于U.S.专利6,202,649，以基本上防止形成硝基胺。U.S.专利5,803,081，U.S.专利6,202,649，和U.S.专利6,311,695在此作为参考完全并入本发明.
按照本发明的一个优选方面，粉状烟草的N′-亚硝基降烟碱降尼古丁(NNN)，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)，N′-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N′-亚硝基新烟碱(NAB)总含量是0.3μg/g或更低，优选是0.2μg/g或更低，更优选0.1μg/g或更低，更优选低于约0.09μg/g，更优选低于约0.07μg/g，和甚至更优选低于约0.05μg/g，0.03μg/g，0.015μg/g，0.01μg/g，或更低。
优选，粉状烟草具有NNK含量约0.002μg/g或更低，更优选约0.001μg/g或更低，和甚至更优选约0.0005μg/g或更低。优选，粉状烟草具有NNN含量约0.1μg/g或更低，更优选约0.05μg/g或更低，和甚至更优选约0.03μg/g或更低。
在熟化之后，在研磨或提取之前或之后，烟草材料优选经受消毒技术处理。消毒技术通常照射烟草以消灭留在烟草上的任何微生物，这样防止或基本上防止进一步形成硝基胺。可以使用任何合适的射线如，但不限于，微波，γ射线或电子束。以上讨论的U.S.专利6,311,695描述了电子束的应用。
熟化烟草材料经受处理以形成粉状烟草。该工艺可包括提取和干燥，或粉碎工艺如研磨。
形成粉状烟草的优选的方法是经熟化烟草材料粉碎成粉末。熟化烟草材料可通过任何合适的工艺，优选通过研磨而粉碎.优选，烟草材料被研磨成具有颗粒尺寸约50-约300目，通常约150目的颗粒。
烟草材料可被切削或粉化并随后用水或其它含水溶剂经受提取工艺。除了果肉，烟草中的基本上所有的组分是水溶性，包括组分如烟碱和抗抑郁组分如MAO抑制剂(如，降烟碱新烟碱，新烟草碱，等)。
用于形成含水烟草提取物的方法是本领域已知的，例如，描述于U.S.专利5,065,775。一般来说，烟草材料与水溶液接触以提取物可溶组分。接触时间取决于水与烟草的比率和水溶液温度之类的因素。通过与水溶液接触而制成的含水提取物随后从不可溶纤维烟草残余物中分离，这可使用常规固体-液体分离技术而实现。例如，可以使用挤压，离心，和过滤技术。如果需要，分离的烟草提取物可随后通过处理以调节可溶固体含量。
更尤其，熟化烟草材料与含水提取溶剂接触。接触可按照连续或间歇方式进行。可搅拌烟草材料和提取溶剂的混合物，这样增加水溶性组分从烟草材料中的去除。使该混合物经受分离条件(如，使用离心机)以提供含水烟草提取物(即，在提取溶剂内的水可溶烟草提取物)，和水不可溶烟草残余物。
含水提取溶剂主要是水，通常至少约90wt％的水，和可基本上是纯水如去离子水，蒸馏水，或自来水。提取溶剂可以是共溶剂混合物，如水和少量的一种或多种可与其混溶的溶剂的混合物。这种共溶剂混合物的一个例子是包含95份水和5份乙醇/100重量份的溶剂。提取溶剂还可包括溶解其中的物质如pH调节剂(即，酸或碱)或pH缓冲剂。例如，含水溶剂可在其中引入氢氧化铵或气态氨以提供具有pH约8或更多的溶剂。
与提取溶剂接触的烟草材料的量可在宽范围内变化和取决于溶剂种类，提取进行时的温度，所提取的烟草材料的种类或形式，接触烟草材料和溶剂的方式，和所进行的提取工艺的种类等因素。通常，对于间歇提取，提取溶剂相对烟草茎的重量大于约6∶1，有时大于约8∶1和在某些情况下可大于约12∶1。烟草材料与提取溶剂接触的方式并不特别重要，如，烟草材料可按照连续或间歇方式提取.例如，烟草材料可使用连续逆流提取器提取。
烟草材料可按照间歇方式使用溶剂提取一次或多次。通常，提取物和溶剂的重量相对烟草材料的重量对于每次间歇提取是约6∶1-约40∶1，更通常约15∶1-25∶1。烟草茎与处理的烟草提取物和溶剂以间歇方式接触的次数是约1-约8次，更通常约3-5次。
烟草材料可连续提取.通常，含水溶剂相对它所接触的烟草材料的重量在连续提取工艺过程中大于约40∶1和通常大于约50∶1。进行提取的条件可以变化。典型的温度是约5-75℃，更通常约10-60℃。另外，蒸汽可用于提取物可溶组分，后者可在冷凝器中回收。可以搅拌溶剂/烟草材料混合物(如，搅拌，震动或以其它方式混合)，这样增加进行提取的速率。
通常，对于间歇提取，组分的适当的提取在低于约60分钟，以上在低于约30分钟内出现。各种各样的组分可从烟草材料中提取。使用具有水性的溶剂从烟草材料中提取的水溶性烟草组分包括生物碱(如，烟碱)，酸，盐，糖，和类似物。水溶性提取物烟草组分包括烟草材料的许多产生香气的和香味的物质。
随后溶剂和烟草提取物从不可溶烟草残余物中分离。分离方式可变化；但适宜地采用常规分离技术，包括使用过滤器，离心机，螺杆压机，会聚带，旋转圆盘压机，和类似物.不可溶残余物可通过处理以从中去除其它的溶剂和烟草提取物。
如此提取的溶剂和烟草组分视需要可通过过滤以去除悬浮的不可溶颗粒。在一些情况下可以理想地调节含水烟草提取物的pH。例如，如U.S.专利5,065,775所述，含水烟草提取物的pH可升高以促进碱性化合物的去除，降低以促进酸性化合物的去除，或变得中性以促进中性化合物的去除。
在提取之后，含水提取物通过任何合适的工艺干燥成粉末。优选提取物喷雾干燥以形成粉末。喷雾干燥技术，例如，公开于U.S.专利5,387,416，在此将其作为参考并入本发明。粉末视需要漂白并随后干燥。粉末一般具有低于80目和通常100-300目的颗粒尺寸。
如果粉末的平均颗粒尺寸小于80目(这是提取工艺所常见的，和可得自研磨工艺)，那么将该粉末进行一个增加其颗粒尺寸的工艺，聚集颗粒以制成较大颗粒或两者，使平均尺寸大于80目，优选平均颗粒尺寸14-80目。任何合适的工艺可用于增加颗粒尺寸.优选粉末被造粒，或辊压和粉碎。造粒或辊压和研磨粉末形成比粉末更容易处理，机制，和压缩成嚼子的颗粒。
粉末可按照任何合适的方式造粒。优选的方法使用流体床造粒机。粉末被放在流体床造粒机的腔中的流体床产品碗中。空气或其它合适的气体被引入腔中以将粉末吹到腔周围。包含至少粘结剂的液体溶液以非常细雾的形式被引入腔。颗粒吹到雾周围。颗粒被涂覆并开始聚集在一起以形成离散均匀颗粒。缓冲剂溶液的第二雾可随后被引入。在喷雾之后，颗粒被干燥至所需水分水平和润滑剂可被加入颗粒。
粉末可包含仅烟草或可包括其它成分如甜料，香味剂，着色剂，和填料。液体溶液可简单地包含粘结剂或可包含除了粘结剂之外的其它成分如香味剂，着色剂，甜料，和填料。润滑剂可以是粉末或液体。润滑剂也可包含其它成分如香味剂和甜料。“其它”成分可分布在烟草粉末，粘结剂溶液和润滑剂中。
辊压和研磨工艺使粉末在高压力下经过辊。粉末形成片(皮)，随后粉碎形成尺寸大于原始颗粒尺寸，即大于80目的颗粒。
由造粒或辊压和粉碎工艺得到的烟草嚼子不崩解而是保持其形状。
优选，无烟烟草产品包括有效地去除粉状烟草苦味的量的桉树品。桉树品可例如通过在提取向烟草中加入桉树品树叶，通过将桉树品脑加入粉状烟草，或通过将桉树品提取物加入在造粒工艺过程中使用的粘结剂溶液而提供。桉树品脑是无色的油状液体，C10H18O，衍生自桉树品叶。
在一个实施方案中本发明，无烟烟草产品是包含粉状烟草和约0.5-约15wt％薄荷，约0.5-约15wt％绿薄荷，约0.5-约15wt％薄荷醇，和约0.5-约15wt％桉树品的固体嚼子，基于固体嚼子的总干重。已经发现，这种特殊组分组合向产品提供高度理想的香味和其它消费特性。优选，固体嚼子包含约0.5-约10wt％薄荷，约0.5-约10wt％绿薄荷，约0.5-约10wt％薄荷醇，和约0.5-约10wt％桉树品；和甚至更优选固体嚼子包含约1-约5wt％薄荷，约1-约5wt％绿薄荷，约1-约5wt％薄荷醇，和约1-约5wt％桉树品。优选，粉状烟草具有NNN，NNK，NAT，和NAB的总含量0.3μg/g或更低，以及以上为第一实施方案描述的其它特性。
在另一实施方案中，除了桉树品，蜂胶与粉状烟草或粘结剂溶液结合。如同桉树品，蜂胶减少由烟碱在嘴中引起的刺激和在去除苦味的同时增加粉状烟草的香味。
蜂胶，还称作蜜蜂碎屑或蜂巢残渣，是一种存在于蜂巢中的树脂状物质。蜜蜂从花粉颗粒的外表面收集蜂胶。它是一种具有芳香气味的绿色-棕色粘性物质。其与醇的组合得到蜂胶蜡。蜂胶通过提取以去除蜡.醇提取的残余物称作蜂胶树脂，在用热石油醚提取时得到蜂胶香脂。蜂胶香脂具有风信子石气味和据说包含10％肉桂醇.关注U.S.专利5,845,647，在此作为参考并入本发明，其中描述了蜂胶和其在含烟草的口香糖和其它烟草产品中的应用。
桉树品或蜂胶的水溶液可在切割之前和/或之后喷雾到烟草叶或茎上。另外，桉树品或蜂胶可在烟草用水或其它水溶液提取之后加入液体提取剂中。粉状桉树品或蜂胶还可与通过干燥提取剂而得到的粉状烟草结合。或粉末或提取物可加入在造粒过程中使用的粘结剂溶液。
蜂胶的加入量可有效地提供不太苦的烟草香味或增加愉悦的烟草香味。例如，每100磅烟草或茎可加入1-10盎司的蜂胶。如果将蜂胶溶液喷雾到烟草茎上，溶液通常在醇中包含约10％-约60％重量的蜂胶。
其它成分可在成型为嚼子之前加入粉末。这些成分包括，但不限于香味剂，如薄荷醇和绿薄荷，甜料，填料，着色剂，缓冲剂，和润滑剂。这些成分可加入粉状烟草或，如果使用造粒工艺，加入粘结剂溶液。实施例给出了几种适用于引入，结合，或在颗粒上涂覆成分的方式。
这些其它组分的相对量可在宽范围内变化，取决于所用的特定烟草和消费者喜好之类的因素。通常，各个组分的量是约0.5wt％-约15wt％，更通常约0.5wt％-约10wt％，和甚至更通常约1wt％-约5wt％，基于粉状烟草的总重。
无烟烟草产品可通过任何合适的技术制成且其产品不限于通过任何特殊方法。例如，粉状烟草可与赋形剂和粘结剂结合，并随后造粒。造粒物可与剩余的成分干混，和压缩成嚼子.烟草在嚼子中的重量百分数根据是否使用烟草叶片之类的因素而变化。因为叶片具有比茎更高浓度的烟碱，一般在使用叶片时采用较低量的烟草和在仅使用茎时采用较高量的烟草。嚼子通常包含约10-80wt％粉状烟草，优选约25-55wt％。嚼子的重量可在宽范围内变化，最通常约75mg-约1,000mg，更通常约150mg-约550mg。
使用者消费嚼子时将它放在嘴中。随着嚼子溶解，活性烟草组分溶解在唾液中。粉状烟草中的组分透粘液吸收到嘴中或经眼吸收到皮肤中或容易用唾液吞咽。
实施例1-7说明，粒化被粉碎成粉末的熟化全叶烟草。所得粒剂使用标准技术压缩成烟草嚼子。
实施例1
将烟草粉末和喷雾干燥的调味品(包括甜料)放在流体床造粒机(FBG)的产品碗中。形成粘结剂的溶液。将缓冲剂成分放入溶液中，这样它可在最短的时间内喷雾。将成分在流体床产品碗中预混约3分钟。将粘结剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。在喷雾粘结剂之后，将缓冲剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。随后干燥至所需湿度。混入润滑剂。
实施例2
除了1/3的绿薄荷，将烟草粉末和喷雾干燥的调味品(包括甜料)放在FBG的产品碗中。形成粘结剂的溶液。将缓冲剂成分放入溶液中，这样它可在最短时间内喷雾.将成分在流体床产品碗中预混3分钟。将粘结剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。在喷雾粘结剂之后，将缓冲剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。干燥至所需湿度。混入润滑剂和剩余的1/3绿薄荷。
实施例3
将烟草粉末放入产品碗。形成粘结剂的溶液.将缓冲剂成分放入溶液中，这样它可在最短时间内喷雾。将粘结剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。在喷雾粘结剂之后，将缓冲剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。干燥至所需湿度。干混入喷雾干燥的调味品，甜料，和润滑剂。
实施例4
将烟草粉末和赋形剂放入产品碗。向水溶液中加入喷雾干燥的调味品和甜料加上任何其它赋形剂(如，着色剂和粘结剂)以形成可喷雾的淤浆。将缓冲剂成分放入溶液中，这样它可在最短时间内喷雾。将淤浆喷雾到造粒机中。在喷雾淤浆之后，将缓冲剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中.干燥至所需湿度。干混入润滑剂。
实施例5
将烟草粉末和赋形剂放入产品碗。向水溶液中加入所有的喷雾干燥的调味品和甜料加上任何其它赋形剂(如，着色剂和粘结剂)以形成可喷雾的淤浆。将淤浆喷雾到造粒机中。干燥至所需湿度。干混入润滑剂。
实施例6
将烟草粉末和赋形剂放入产品碗。将所要喷雾的粘结剂和缓冲剂放入组合的或单独的溶液。将所有的香味剂的组合放入单独的容器中并稀释，这样它们可喷雾。将粘结剂和缓冲剂溶液喷雾到造粒机中。干燥至所需湿度。将香味剂喷雾到造粒机中。干混入润滑剂。
实施例7
烟草粉末在流体床造粒机的产品碗中与赋形剂结合。制备出粘结剂溶液并喷雾到造粒机中，和干燥该混合物。所得混合物薄荷，绿薄荷，薄荷醇，和桉树品干混使得所得组合物包含2.5wt％薄荷，5wt％绿薄荷，2.5wt％薄荷醇，和2wt％桉树品.
尽管本发明已根据具体例子，包括目前优选的实施本发明的方式进行描述，但本领域熟练技术人员可以理解，对上述体系和技术的许多变型和变更落入所附权利要求书所给出的本发明的主旨和范围内。

Claims (15)

1.一种适用于人消费的无烟烟草产品，包含N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱总含量为0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草；
其中粉状烟草由粉碎烟草形成且基本成分为维吉尼亚烟丝熟化烟草；以及
其中所述粉碎烟草由烟叶和烟梗制备。
2.权利要求1的无烟烟草产品，其中粉状烟草是固体嚼子。
3.权利要求1的无烟烟草产品，其中所述N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱的总含量为0.2μg/g或更低。
4.权利要求3的无烟烟草产品，其中所述N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱的总含量为0.1μg/g或更低。
5.一种适用于人消费的无烟烟草产品，包含N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱总含量为0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草的固体嚼子；
其中粉状烟草由粉碎烟草形成且基本成分为维吉尼亚烟丝熟化烟草；和
其中所述粉碎烟草由烟叶制成。
6.权利要求5的无烟烟草产品，包括10％-80％重量的粉状烟草。
7.权利要求6的无烟烟草产品，包括25％-55％重量的粉状烟草。
8.权利要求5的无烟烟草产品，进一步包含至少一种选自粘结剂，香味剂，甜料，着色剂，和填料的组分。
9.一种适用于人消费的无烟烟草产品，包含N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱总含量为0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草；
其中粉状烟草由粉碎烟草形成且基本成分为由维吉尼亚烟丝熟化烟草；以及
其中所述粉碎烟草由烟梗制备。
10.权利要求9的无烟烟草产品，其中粉状烟草是固体嚼子。
11.一种适用于人消费的无烟烟草产品，包含N′-亚硝基降烟碱，4-(N-亚硝基甲基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮，N′-亚硝基毒藜草碱和N′-亚硝基毒藜碱总含量为0.3μg/g或更低的粉状烟草；
其中粉状烟草由烟草的提取物形成且基本成分为维吉尼亚烟丝熟化烟草。
12.权利要求11的无烟烟草产品，其中所述提取物由烟叶和烟梗制备。
13.权利要求11的无烟烟草产品，其中所述提取物由烟叶制备。
14.权利要求11的无烟烟草产品，其中所述提取物由烟梗制备。
15.权利要求11的无烟烟草产品，其中粉状烟草是固体嚼子。
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